原生動物(protozoan)
p. 60
 鞭毛蟲類 (Flagellates)
 They move around with whip-like tails called flagella.
 肉足蟲類或偽足蟲類 (Amoeboids)
 They move around with foot-like structures called
pseudopods.
 纖毛蟲類 (Ciliates)
 They move around with hair-like structures called cilia.
 孢子蟲類 (Sporozoans)
 They are nonmotile spore-forming parasites of vertebrates.
1. 錐蟲 (Trypanosoma)
p.60, 62
 a flagellated parasite that lives in the blood
of its mammalian host.
 cause various diseases, including the fatal
disease sleeping sickness in humans.
RBC
Trypanosomes
2. 變形蟲 (Amoeba)
p.60, 62
 have lobe- or tube-shaped pseudopodia.
 most recognizable features include one or more nuclei and a
simple contractile vacuole to maintain osmotic equilibrium.
偽足
伸縮泡
nucleus
細胞核
food vacuole
食泡
pseudopod
細胞膜
3. 放射蟲 (Radiolarians)
 single-celled marine protozoa that
Pseudopodia
produced siliceous skeletons
 use their needle-like pseudopodia
to engulf microorganisms through
phagocytosis
 The pseudopodia of radiolarians
radiate from the central body
 an important diagnostic fossil
found from the Cambrian onwards
放射蟲的殼
(shells of radiolarians )
4. 草履蟲(Paramecium)
p.62, 63
 move around with cilia.
 have two types of nuclei: micronucleus and macronucleus. A cell
has one or more nuclei of each type.
Trichocysts(絲囊) each discharge a
long, thin thread that can be ejected
in response to certain stimuli.
伸縮泡
口溝
纖毛
小細胞核
胞口
食泡
大細胞核
macronucleus
 Obtain a drop of Paramecium culture in a clean pipette and
place it on a clean microscope slide with a similar-sized drop
of methyl cellulose solution to slow movement.
Food vacuoles
Oral groove
5. 鐘形蟲(Vorticella)
p.63, 64
 an inverted blet-shaped body with a contractile.
stalk. They usually attach to substrates with stalks.
 their cilia are concentrated around the mouth end of the
organism, but nowhere else on the body.
纖毛
伸縮泡
cilia
contractile vacuole
大細胞核
macronucleus
柄
stalk
食泡
food vacuole
macronucleus
stalk
鞭毛蟲類 (Flagellates)
肉足蟲類或偽足蟲類 (Amoeboids)
太陽蟲(Actinosphaerium) (p.62)
波豆蟲(Bodo )
With shell
(lateral view)
(ventral view)
蕈頂蟲(Arcella (p. 62, p.268)
(umbrella-shaped shell)
匣殼蟲(Centropyxis)
纖毛蟲類 (Ciliates)
彈簧蟲(Halteria)(p. 267)
桿尾蟲(Stylonychia )(p. 266) 游仆蟲(Euplotes )(p. 266)
多細胞動物(Multicellular animals)
飄體蟲(Aeolosoma)
輪蟲(Rotifer) (p.268)