C
h
a
r
g
e
Fermions (spin 1/2)
Bosons
Antifermions (spin 1/2)
Quarks (interact by strong force)
(spin 1)
Antiquarks (interact by strong force)
1905 0 eV
172.9 GeV
1968 2.0 MeV
+
2
3
1974 1.29 GeV
up
charm
1995 172.9 GeV
top
photon
1.29 GeV
C
h
a
r
g
e
2.0 MeV
antitop
anticharm
antiup
4.2 GeV
100 MeV
4.8 MeV
−
2
3
+
1
3
EM force
1968 4.8 MeV
−
1
3
1968 100 MeV
down
strange
1977 4.2 GeV
1978 0 eV
bottom
gluon
antibottom
antistrange
antidown
strong force
Leptons
1956 <2.2 eV
0
−1
1962 <0.17 MeV
e
Antileptons
2000 <15.5 MeV
μ
1983 91.2 GeV
0
τ
electron
neutrino
muon
neutrino
tau
neutrino
1897 0.511 MeV
1936 105.7 MeV
electron
muon
<15.5 MeV
τ
<0.17 MeV
<2.2 eV
μ
e
weak force
anti
τ neutrino
anti
μ neutrino
anti
e neutrino
1975 1.777 GeV
1983 80.4 GeV
1.777 GeV
105.7 MeV
0.511 MeV
tau
W boson
antitau
antimuon
positron
Z boson
±
0
+1
weak force
0
A new particle, consistent with the
Higgs boson, was announced 4th of
July 2012
2012 125.3 GeV
Mass unit GeV is short for GeV/c2 ≈ 1.783×10-24 g
Hadrons (held together by strong force)
Higgs
boson
The graviton is another (hypothetical)
particle that is postulated to mediate
the force of gravitation
Antihadrons (held together by strong force)
Mesons (spin 1)
Antimesons
Antibaryons
three quarks
quark-antiquark
quark-antiquark
three antiquarks
139.6 MeV
938.3 MeV
+1
938.3 MeV
+
proton uud
1932
939.6 MeV
0
1947
139.6 MeV
+
pion ud̄
1947
493.7 MeV
0
0
The graviton, if it exists, would be a spin 2 boson
Baryons (spin 1/2)
1917
0
0
−
−
antipion ū d
antiproton ūūd̄
493.7 MeV
939.6 MeV
0
−1
0
neutron udd
kaon ds̄
antikaon d̄ s
antineutron ūd̄d̄
⋮
many more
⋮
many more
⋮
many more
⋮
many more
0
Protons and neutrons each contain three quarks that are held together by the strong force
⟹ atomic nuclei also held together by the strong force; from atomic nuclei and electrons
⟹ atoms held together by the electro-magnetic force, absorb or emit photons
⟹ periodic table of elements ⟹ molecules held together by the electro-magnetic force
⟹ matter, planets, stars, solar systems and galaxies held together by gravitational force
Peter Jipsen, Chapman University, July 2012, information from Wikipedia, symbols by MathJax