Indicator Name
Ratio of girls to boys (gender parity index) in primary enrolment by class
Prepared by
Caribbean Community Secretariat
Rationale
The indicator of equality of educational opportunity, measured in terms of
school enrolment, is a measure of both fairness and efficiency.
Education is one of the most important aspects of human development.
Eliminating gender, disparity at all levels of education would help to increase
the status and capabilities of women. Female education is also an important
determinant of economic development.
Definition of Indicator
Ratio of girls to boys (gender parity index) in primary education is the ratio of
the number of female students enrolled at primary level of education to the
number of male students at that level.
To standardise the effects of the population structure of the appropriate age
groups, the Gender Parity Index (GPI) of the Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) for
each level of education is used. The GER is the number of pupils enrolled in a
given level of education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the
population in the theoretical age group for the same level of education.
Computation
To calculate the Gross Enrolment Ratio one must first determine the
population of official school age for each level of education by reference to
the theoretical starting ages and durations of the International Standard
Classification of Education (ISCED97) Level 1, primary education, as reported
by the country.
Then, the number of pupils or students enrolled in each level of education is
divided by the population of official school age for that level of education,
and the result is multiplied by 100. The Gross Enrolment Ratios for males and
females are calculated separately.
GER = number of pupils or students enrolled in primary education * 100
population of official school age (primary)
Unit of Expression
Number
Data Sources
Ministry of education, surveys and censuses, household survey data,
Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys and Demographic and Health Surveys Living
Standards Measurement Studies and Core Welfare Indicators Questionnaires ,
the UNESCO, Institute for Statistics
Source of Metadata
United Nations Statistical Division, UNSD
Links
http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/Metadata.aspx
Indicator Name
Ratio of girls to boys (gender parity index) in secondary enrolment/ by class
Prepared by
Caribbean Community Secretariat
Rationale
The indicator of equality of educational opportunity, measured in terms of
school enrolment, is a measure of both fairness and efficiency.
Education is one of the most important aspects of human development.
Eliminating gender disparity at all levels of education would help
to increase the status and capabilities of women. Female education is also an
important determinant of economic development.
Definition of Indicator
Ratio of girls to boys (gender parity index) in secondary education is the ratio
of the number of female students enrolled at secondary level of education to
the number of male students at that level.
To standardise the effects of the population structure of the appropriate age
groups, the Gender Parity Index (GPI) of the Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) for
each level of education is used.
The GER is the number of pupils enrolled in a given level of education,
regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population in the
theoretical age group for the same level of education
Computation
To calculate the Gross Enrolment Ratio one must first determine the
population of official school age for each level of education by reference to
the theoretical starting ages and durations of the International Standard
Classification of Education (ISCED97) Level 2, and 3 (secondary education) as
reported by the country.
Then, the number of pupils or students enrolled in each level of education is
divided by the population of official school age for that level of education,
and the result is multiplied by 100. The Gross Enrolment Ratios for males and
females are calculated separately.
GER = number of pupils or students enrolled in secondary education * 100
population of official school age (secondary)
Unit of Expression
Number
Data Sources
Ministry of education, surveys and censuses, household survey data
Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys and Demographic and Health Surveys Living
Standards Measurement Studies and Core Welfare Indicators Questionnaires ,
the UNESCO Institute for Statistics
Source of Metadata
United Nations Statistical Division, UNSD
Links
http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/Metadata.aspx
Indicator Name
Ratio of girls to boys in tertiary enrolment/education
Prepared by
Caribbean Community Secretariat
Rationale
The indicator of equality of educational opportunity, measured in terms of
school enrolment, is a measure of both fairness and efficiency.
Education is one of the most important aspects of human development.
Eliminating gender disparity at all levels of education would help to increase
the status and capabilities of women. Female education is also an important
determinant of economic development.
Definition of Indicator
Ratio of girls to boys (gender parity index) in tertiary education is the ratio of
the number of female students enrolled at tertiary level of education to the
number of male students at that level. To standardise the effects of the
population structure of the appropriate age groups, the Gender Parity Index
(GPI) of the Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) for each level of education is used.
The GER is the number of pupils enrolled in a given level of education,
regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population in the
theoretical age group for the same level of education.
Computation
To calculate the Gross Enrolment Ratio one must first determine the
population of official school age for each level of education by reference to the
theoretical starting ages and durations of the International Standard
Classification of Education (ISCED97) as reported by the country. The
population of the official age for tertiary education is the 5-year age group
immediately following the end of secondary education.
Then, the number of pupils or students enrolled in each level of education is
divided by the population of official school age for that level of education, and
the result is multiplied by 100. The Gross Enrolment Ratios for males and
females are calculated separately.
The Gender Parity Index (GPI) is then calculated by dividing the female Gross
Enrolment Ratio by the male Gross Enrolment Ratio for the given level of
education.
This method requires information on the structure of education (i.e.
theoretical entrance age and duration of ISCED97 Level 1 and Levels 2 and 3),
enrolments in each level of education and the populations of the age-groups
corresponding to the given levels of education. Separate figures for males and
females are required.
GER = number of pupils or students enrolled in tertiary education * 100
population of official school age (tertiary)
Unit of Expression
Number
Data Sources
Ministry of education/ surveys and censuses/ household survey data
Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys and Demographic and Health Surveys Living
Standards Measurement Studies and Core Welfare Indicators Questionnaires ,
Indicator Name
Ratio of girls to boys in tertiary enrolment/education
the UNESCO Institute for Statistics
Method of Estimation
Source of Metadata
United Nations Statistical Division, UNSD
Links
http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/Metadata.aspx
Indicator
Name
Prepared
by
Ratio of Literate Women to Men of 15- 24 years
Rationale
The indicator measures progress towards gender equity in literacy and learning
opportunities for women in relation to those for men. It also measures a presumed
outcome of attending school and a key indicator of empowerment of women in society.
Literacy is a fundamental skill to empower women to take control of their lives, to engage
directly with authority and to gain access to the wider world of learning.
Definition
of Indicator
Computati
on
Literacy Gender Parity Index is the ratio of the female literacy rate to the male literacy
rate for the age group 15-24.
The indicator is derived by dividing the literacy rate of women aged 15–24 years by the
literacy rate of men aged 15–24 years.
Caribbean Community Secretariat
Ratio of literate =
Women to men
literacy rate of women aged 15–24 years * 100
the literacy rate of men aged 15–24 years
15-24 years
Unit of
Expression
Data
Sources
Source of
Metadata
Links
Ratio
Comments
Countries do not currently produce this data. It is proposed however that once the
Literacy survey is conducted in countries, then the statistic can be produced.
Ministry of Education, Census, MICS, Literacy surveys, Demography surveys
United Nations Statistical Division, UNSD, Caribbean Community Secretariat, National
Statistical Offices
http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/Metadata.aspx
www.caricomstats.org; http://www.caricomstats.org/linkstatsoffice.htm
Indicator
Name
Prepared
by
Rationale
Definition
of Indicator
Computati
on
Proportion of students who take Mathematics and at least one of the Sciences in
examinations (CXC or equivalent) by 5th Form by sex
Caribbean Community Secretariat
Number of girls / boys in public / private schools, who take Maths and at least one of the
science in examinations (CXC or equivalent) at 5th Form, expressed this as a percentage of
the total number girls and boys in public and private schools sitting at CXC , 5th Form
Divide the number of girls and boys separately in public and private schools who take
Mathematics and at least one of the science in examination (CXC or equivalent) at 5th
Form (compute each form separately), by the number of girls and boys in same schools
who are sitting CXC at 5th Form , multiplied by 100
number of girls in public and
private schools who take Mathematics and at least
one of the science in examination (CXC or equivalent) * 100
number of girls and boys in same schools who are
sitting CXC at 5th Form
number of boys in public and
private schools who take Mathematics and at least
one of the science in examination (CXC or equivalent) * 100
number of girls and boys in same schools who are
sitting CXC at 5th Form
Unit of
Expression
Data
Sources
Source of
Metadata
Links
Comments
Percentage
Ministry of Education, Literacy surveys, Population Census
Caribbean Community Secretariat, National Statistical Offices
www.caricomstats.org; http://www.caricomstats.org/linkstatsoffice.htm
Science subjects may be classified as
Mathematics, Chemistry, Biology, Physic, Integrated Science
Arts: English Language, Geography, French, Spanish, English Literature,
Caribbean History, Social Studies,
Business: Office Procedures, Principles of Business, Principles of Accounts
Other: Agriculture Science, Building Technology, Clothing & Textiles, Food & Nutrition,
Electricity/Electronics, Home Economics Man, Information Technology, Metals,
Mechanical Engineering, Music,
Religious Education, Shorthand, Technical Drawing, Typewriting,
Visual Arts, Woods.
Indicator
Name
Prepared
by
Rationale
Definition
of Indicator
Computati
on
Share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector
Caribbean Community Secretariat
The indicator measures the degree to which labour markets are open to women in industry
and service sectors, which affects not only equal employment opportunity for women but also
economic efficiency through flexibility of the labour market and, therefore, the economy’s
ability to adapt to change.
The share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector is the share of female
workers in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector expressed as a percentage of total
wage employment in that same sector.
The indicator is calculated as the number of women in non-agricultural paid employment
divided by the total number of persons in paid employment in the non-agricultural sector. This
is the proportion of women in "paid employment jobs" (in other words "women employees")
in the non-agricultural sector.
Share of women in wage
employment in the nonagricultural sector
Unit of
Expression
Data
Sources
Source of
Metadata
Links
Comments
=
Number of women in paid employment
in non-agricultural sector
Total number of persons in paid
employment in non-agricultural sector
*100
Percentage
Population censuses, labour force surveys, enterprise censuses and surveys, administrative
records of social insurance schemes
United Nations Statistical Division, UNSD
http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/Metadata.aspx
The non-agricultural sector includes industry and services. ‘Industry’ includes mining and
quarrying (including oil production), manufacturing, construction, electricity, gas, and water,
corresponding to divisions 2-5 in the International Standard Industrial Classification of All
Economic Activities (ISIC-Rev.21) and to tabulation categories C-F in ISIC-Rev. 31. ‘Services’
include wholesale and retail trade and restaurants and hotels; transport, storage, and
communications; financing, insurance, real estate, and business services; and community,
social, and personal services, corresponding to divisions 6-9 in ISIC-Rev. 2, and to tabulation
categories G-Q in ISIC-Rev. 3.Employment refers to people above a certain age who worked or
held a job during a specified reference period (according to the ILO Resolution concerning
statistics of the economically active population, employment, unemployment and
underemployment,2 adopted by the Thirteenth International Conference of Labour
Statisticians (ICLS), October 1982). Wage employment refers only to wage earners and salaried
employees, or "persons in paid employment jobs". Employees are typically remunerated by
wages and salaries, but may be paid by commission from sales, piece-rates, bonuses or
payments in kind such as food, housing, training, etc. These persons are in wage employment as
opposed to self-employment – that is employers, own-account workers, members of producers'
cooperatives and contributing family workers. The different statuses in employment are defined
according to the ILO Resolution concerning the International Classification of Status in
Employment (ICSE),3 adopted by the 15th ICLS (1993).
Indicator Name
Prepared by
Average earned income (gross) of men and women by occupational group;
Caribbean Community Secretariat
Rationale
This measure provides an indication of the economic power afforded by
different occupations. Broken down by sex, it therefore points to the economic
empowerment of women as compared to their male counterparts.
Definition of Indicator
Total gross income earned by men and women by their occupations classified
by main occupation groups, divided by the total employed men and women in
the given country
Computation
The Average earned income (gross) of women / men by occupational group are
derived by dividing the gross earnings of employed women / men of specified
occupational groups by the total number of employed women / men for each
occupational group.
Note: Because response rates may be low for direct questions on income, it
may be more practical to use the total number of respondents in each
occupational group as the divisor rather than the total number of persons in
the occupational group. In a number of cases these numbers vary greatly.
The Average earned income (gross) by occupational group =
gross earnings of employed women / men (by occupational groups)
total employed men and women
Unit of Expression
Number
Data Sources
Labour Force surveys, Income and Expenditure survey, Census, MICS,
Household Budgetary Survey/Surveys of Living Conditions.
Source of Metadata
Links
Caribbean Community Secretariat, National Statistical Offices
www.caricomstats.org; http://www.caricomstats.org/linkstatsoffice.htm
Comments
Due to the challenges in collecting data on income, this information may best
be estimated using expenditure data. Once the gross income is derived from
expenditure, the researcher may then divide the gross income by the number
of persons in the specific occupational group.
Indicator Name
Proportion of the employed persons by occupational group and sex
Prepared by
Caribbean Community Secretariat
Rationale
The measure is an indication of the main drivers of the economy in the labour
market. Broken down by sex, the indicator points the degree to which women
are equally involved and represented across labour markets and points to the
equal employment opportunity for women and also economic efficiency
through flexibility of the labour market.
Definition of Indicator
Number of employed women and men by their occupational (group) expressed
as a percentage of the total number of women/ men
Employed refers to people above a certain age who worked or held a job during
a specified reference period (according to the ILO Resolution concerning
statistics of the economically active population, employment, unemployment
and underemployment,2 adopted by the Thirteenth International Conference of
Labour Statisticians (ICLS), October 1982).
Computation
The proportion of the employed persons by occupational group and sex is
derived by dividing the number of employed women / men in each specific
occupational group by the total number of employed women / men in same
groups multiplied by 100
number of employed women / men (by occupational group)
the total number of employed women / men
* 100
Unit of Expression
Percentage
Data Sources
Labour Force surveys, Income and Expenditure survey, Census, MICS*,
Source of Metadata
Caribbean Community Secretariat, National Statistical Offices
Links
www.caricomstats.org; http://www.caricomstats.org/linkstatsoffice.htm
Comments
Occupational groupings are based on the ISCO 2008 which are aggregated into
the following major groups:
Managers, Legislators, Senior Officials
Professionals, Technicians and Associate Professionals
Clerical and support workers
Service and Sales Workers
Skilled Agricultural, Forestry and Fishery Workers
Craft and Related Trade Workers
Plant and Machine Operators and Assemblers
Elementary Occupations
Armed forces Occupations
Indicator Name
Proportion of Seats held by Women in National Parliament
Prepared by
Caribbean Community Secretariat
Rationale
Women’s representation in parliaments is one aspect of women’s opportunities
in political and public life, and it is therefore linked to women’s empowerment.
Definition of Indicator
The proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments is the number
of seats held by women members in single or lower chambers of national
parliaments, expressed as a percentage of all occupied seats.
National parliaments can be bicameral or unicameral. This indicator covers the
single chamber in unicameral parliaments and the lower chamber in bicameral
parliaments. It does not cover the upper chamber of bicameral parliaments.
Seats are usually won by members in general parliamentary elections. Seats
may also be filled by nomination, appointment, indirect election, rotation of
members and by-election.
Seats refer to the number of parliamentary mandates, or the number of
members of parliament.
Computation
The proportion of seats held by women in national parliament is derived by
dividing the total number of seats occupied by women by the total number of
seats in parliament.
total number of seats occupied by women *100
total number of seats in parliament
Unit of Expression
Percentage
Data Sources
National Parliamentary Records, Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU)
Source of Metadata
United Nations Statistical Division, UNSD
Links
http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/Metadata.aspx
Indicator Name
Proportion of Women holding Office in Local Government
Prepared by
Caribbean Community Secretariat
Rationale
Women’s representation in government is one aspect of women’s
opportunities in political and public life, and it is therefore linked to women’s
empowerment.
Definition of Indicator
Number of women holding office in local government expressed as a
percentage of women and men holding office in local government.
Women Holding office may be defined as the numbers of women who were
constitutionally voted in as councillors (or equivalent) at the level of local
government.
Computation
The Proportion of Women (holding Office) who were constitutionally voted
in as councillors (or equivalent) at the level of local government divided by
the total number of persons (women and men) (holding office) who were
constitutionally voted in as councillors (or equivalent) at the level of local
government in local government. The result is then multiplied by 100.
Proportion of Women (holding Office) who were
constitutionally voted in as councillors
(or equivalent) at the level of local government
number of persons (women & men) (holding office)
who were constitutionally voted in as councillors
(or equivalent) at the level of local government
in local government
Equivalent = municipalities/corporations/councils
* 100
Unit of Expression
Percentage
Data Sources
Census, MICS, Income and expenditure surveys, labour force surveys
Source of Metadata
Adapted from UN metadata on Proportion of Seats held by Women in
National Parliament (12 MDG)
Caribbean Community Secretariat, National Statistical Offices
Links
http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/Metadata.aspx
www.caricomstats.org; http://www.caricomstats.org/linkstatsoffice.htm
Indicator Name
Proportion of Women in Other Decision-Making Occupations
Prepared by
Caribbean Community Secretariat
Rationale
The indicator provides an insight into how empowered women are by focusing
on their level of representation women in decision-making occupations
Definition of Indicator
Number of women employed in specific decision making occupations other
than local government expressed as a percentage of total women and men
employed in said specific decision making occupation. The specific occupations
may be defined determined by countries based on level of importance of the
occupation in the country. An example of such an occupation might be
Judges.
Computation
Divide the total number of employed women 15* years and over in specific
decision making occupation, by the total number of women and men 15*
years and over, employed in the same decision making occupation. The result
is then multiplied by 100
Unit of Expression
total number of employed women 15 yrs and over
in specific decision making occupation occupations
total number of women and men 15 yrs and over
employed in the same decision making occupation
Percentage
Data Sources
Census, MICS, Income and expenditure surveys, labour force surveys
Source of Metadata
Adapted from UN metadata on Proportion of Seats held by Women in National
Parliament (12 MDG)
Caribbean Community Secretariat, National Statistical Offices
http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/Metadata.aspx
Links
* 100
www.caricomstats.org; http://www.caricomstats.org/linkstatsoffice.htm
Comments
Note that using ISCO as a guideline with the relevant surveys, and specifically the
grouping that says managers, one can derive managers. Noteworthy however, this
grouping also includes along with legislators etc., people who are managers of
their own private businesses. Additionally, the category Armed Forces also include
managers within the Armed Forces and who are only captured under the “Armed
Forces” categorization. It is recommended however to use this as a proxy.
Countries should attach with their data, the meta-data detailing which positions
were included as “managers” as this will vary by country based on the sources of
information and what methods of data capture is possible in each country.
Indicator Name
Incidence of reported physical abuse by sex of the abused;
Prepared by
Caribbean Community Secretariat
Rationale
Provides an indication of the level of abuse within the country.
Definition of Indicator
Number of reported instances of physical abuses in a given year per total
reported in a given year by sex of the abused; where physical abuse is defined
as any behaviour that causes physical harm such as acts of physical
aggression—example slapping, hitting, kicking and beating
Computation
The Incidence of reported physical abuse is derived by dividing the number of
reported physical abuse cases in a given year by the mid year population of
the said year multiplied by 1,000 (or 10,000, 100,000 for smaller populations).
(The indicator may be computed by sex, using the mid-year population of the
given sex as well as the number of physical abuse by sex).
number of reported physical abuse cases in a given year
the mid year population in the same year
* k
K = 1,000 / 10,000 /100,000
Unit of Expression
Number per 1000 population
Data Sources
Police statistics, census
Source of Metadata
Links
Adapted WHO World Report on Violence and Health Krug et. Al 2002)
http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/world_report/en/
Comments
Violence may be defined as the intentional use of physical force or power,
threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or
community that either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury,
death, psychological harm, maldevelopment or deprivation. The definition
encompasses interpersonal violence as well as suicidal behaviour and armed
conflict. It also covers a wide range of acts, going beyond physical acts to
include threats and intimidation.
Recommendations
Besides death and injury, the definition also includes the myriad and often
less obvious consequences of violent behaviour, such as psychological harm,
deprivation and maldevelopment that compromise the well-being of
individuals, families and communities.
Because of the complexities involved in capturing data on all forms of physical
abuse, countries may choose to report on homicides only, clearly specifying
same, as this data is easier to capture
Indicator Name
Number of persons per 1,000 population who have been victims of major
crimes, by sex
Prepared by
Caribbean Community Secretariat
Rationale
Provides an indication of the level of violence within a country.
Definition of Indicator
Number of victims classified by sex: female and male, who have been victims
of major crimes, per 1000 population
Computation
The indicator is calculated as the number victims by sex who has been the
victims of major crimes, male and female victims divided by 1000 mid year
population.
number victims of major crimes,(by sex) *1000
mid year population
Unit of Expression
Number per 1000 population
Data Sources
Police statistics, census
Source of Metadata
Links
Caribbean Community Secretariat, National Statistical Offices
www.caricomstats.org; http://www.caricomstats.org/linkstatsoffice.htm
Comments:
In the absence of a definition for major crimes, it may be defined as those
crimes for which carry a life sentence.
Countries using this definition must submit along with data the metadata
indicating which crimes carry a life sentence. (Adapted from St. Vincent and
the Grenadines)
Indicator Name
Average age of victim of major crimes, by sex
Prepared by
Caribbean Community Secretariat
Rationale
Definition of Indicator
Average age of victims classified by sex: female and male, who have been
victims of major crimes
Computation
The indicator can be calculated by dividing the sum of ages of all the female /
male victims of the major crimes as defined by the international standard
classification, by the total number of victims reported.
sum of ages of all victims of the major crimes (female / male)
total number of victims (female/male)
Unit of Expression
Number
Data Sources
police statistics, census
Source of Metadata
Caribbean Community Secretariat, National Statistical Offices
Links
www.caricomstats.org; http://www.caricomstats.org/linkstatsoffice.htm
Indicator Name
Number of persons per 1,000 population who have committed major
crimes, by sex; (34. CSMDG)
Prepared by
Caribbean Community Secretariat
Rationale
Definition of Indicator
Number of offenders classified by sex: female and male, who have been
committed for major crimes, per 1000 population.
It is important to note that those who committed a major crime can only be
proven by the courts. As such, someone arrested on suspicion of a major
crime SHOULD NOT be treated as having committed a major crime.
Computation
The indicator can be calculated by dividing the number of female /male
offenders who have committed major crimes, by the total mid year
(female/male) population multiplied by 1000.
Number of persons who committed major crimes (female / male)
mid year population (female/male)
* 1000
Unit of Expression
Number per 1000 population
Data Sources
police statistics , census, courts statistics, other social statistics
Source of Metadata
Links
Caribbean Community Secretariat, National Statistical Offices
www.caricomstats.org; http://www.caricomstats.org/linkstatsoffice.htm
Comment
Indicator name should be changed to Number of persons per 1,000
population who have committed major crimes, by sex
Indicator Name
Average age of offender who have committed major crimes, by sex (34A.
CSMDG)
Prepared by
Caribbean Community Secretariat
Rationale
Definition of Indicator
Average age of offenders classified by sex, male and female, who have
committed major crimes. It is important to note that those who committed
a major crime can only be proven by the courts. As such , someone arrested
on suspicion of a major crime SHOULD NOT be treated as having committed
a major crime.
Computation
The indicator can be calculated by dividing the sum of the ages of all female /
male offenders of major crimes (as defined by the international standard
classification), by the total number of female / male offenders respectively.
sum of the ages of all offenders of major crimes (female / male)
total number of female / male offenders respectively
Unit of Expression
Number
Data Sources
police statistics , census, courts statistics,
Source of Metadata
Links
Caribbean Community Secretariat, National Statistical Offices
www.caricomstats.org; http://www.caricomstats.org/linkstatsoffice.htm
Comment
Indicator name should be changed to Average age of offender who have
been convicted major crimes, by sex
Indicator Name
Number of persons per 1,000 Population who have experienced physical
violence in the past 12 months at the hands of spouse/partner
Prepared by
Caribbean Community Secretariat
Rationale
Definition of Indicator
Computation
This indicator may be defined as any behaviour within an intimate
relationship that causes physical harm. Such behaviours include acts of
physical aggression—such as slapping, hitting, kicking and beating.
(Note Also see WHO definition of violence below). All intimate relationships
should be considered as a partnership (spouse/partner), including same-sex
The number of persons who have experienced physical violence (as defined
above) in the past 12 months at the hands of spouse/partner, divided by the
mid year population multiplied by 1000. (The indicator may be computed by
sex, using the mid-year population of the given sex).
number of persons who have experienced
physical violence (as defined above)
in the past 12 months at the hands of spouse/partner * 1000
mid year population
Unit of Expression
Number per 1000 population
Data Sources
Police statistics , Census, Courts Statistics, Welfare Centres / Office, Domestic
Violence Hotlines
Source of Metadata
Links
WHO
http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/world_report/en/
Comments
Intimate partner violence: Any behavior within an intimate relationship that
causes physical, psychological or sexual harm . . . Such behavior includes:
• Acts of physical aggression—such as slapping, hitting, kicking and
beating
• Psychological abuse—such as intimidation, constant belittling and
humiliating.
• Forced intercourse and other forms of sexual coercion.
• Various controlling behaviors—such as isolating a person from their
family and friends, monitoring their movement and restricting their
access to information or assistance (Heise and Garcia Moreno, 2002,
page 89).
Violence may be defined as the intentional use of physical force or power,
threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or
community that either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury,
death, psychological harm, maldevelopment or deprivation. The definition
encompasses interpersonal violence as well as suicidal behaviour and armed
conflict. It also covers a wide range of acts, going beyond physical acts to
include threats and intimidation.
Besides death and injury, the definition also includes the myriad and often
less obvious consequences of violent behaviour, such as psychological harm,
deprivation and maldevelopment that compromise the well-being of
individuals, families and communities.
The United Nations defines violence against women as 'any act of genderbased violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or
mental harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion
or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private
life.'
Intimate partner violence refers to behaviour in an intimate relationship that
causes physical, sexual or psychological harm, including physical aggression,
sexual coercion, psychological abuse and controlling behaviours.
Sexual violence is any sexual act, attempt to obtain a sexual act, unwanted
sexual comments or advances, or acts to traffic, or otherwise directed against
a person’s sexuality using coercion, by any person regardless of their
relationship to the victim, in any setting. It includes rape, defined as the
physically forced or otherwise coerced penetration of the vulva or anus with a
penis, other body part or object.
As well as acts of physical aggression such as hitting or kicking, violence by
intimate partners includes forced intercourse and other forms of sexual
coercion, psychological abuse such as intimidation and humiliation, and
controlling behaviours such as isolating a person from family and friends or
restricting access to information and assistance.
Source ( WHO World Report on Violence and Health Krug et. Al 2002)
The definition of partner should include cohabiting or visiting.
Comments
It should be noted that this indicator is based on REPORTS ONLY and can only
be validated based on a courts decision.
Indicator Name
Average age of persons who have experienced physical violence in the past
12 months at the hands of their spouse/partner, by sex
Prepared by
Caribbean Community Secretariat
Rationale
The average age of victims of intimate violence allows for targeted (that is
age-specific) policy interventions.
Definition of Indicator
Average age of persons (classified by sex, female and male), within an
intimate relationship that experiences any behaviour that causes physical
harm (as defined above) in the past 12 months.
Computation
This indicator can be calculated by dividing the sum of the ages of those
persons, who have reportedly experienced physical violence in the past 12
months directly by their spouse / partner, by the total number of persons
reporting abuse.
sum of the ages of those persons who have
reportedly experienced physical violence
in the past 12 months directly by their spouse / partner,
total number of persons reporting abuse.
Compute separately for males and females : for males for example, the
numerator should be the sum of ages for all males and the denominator total
number of males reporting abuse .
Unit of Expression
Number
Data Sources
Police statistics , census, courts statistics, welfare centres / office, domestic
violence hotlines
Source of Metadata
Links
Caribbean Community Secretariat, National Statistical Offices
www.caricomstats.org; http://www.caricomstats.org/linkstatsoffice.htm
Limitations
In using data, users must be mindful that data may be skewed because of
reporting biases.
It should be noted that this indicator is based on REPORTS ONLY and can only
be validated based on a courts decision.
Indicator Name
Percentage of sexual assault cases completed through the court process
during the past 12 months; (36 CSMDG)
Prepared by
Caribbean Community Secretariat
Rationale
Provides an indication of the efficiency of the court system.
Definition of Indicator
Number of court cases related to the sexual assaults completed during the
past 12 months, expressed as a percentage of all the courts cases completed in
the same time period.
Computation
This indicator can be calculated by dividing the sum of completed sexual
assault cases during the past 12 months by the total number court cases
completed in the same period multiplied by 100
sum of completed sexual assault cases during the past 12 months
total number court cases completed in the same period
* 100
Unit of Expression
Percentage
Data Sources
police statistics , census, courts statistics, welfare centres / office, domestic
violence hotlines
Source of Metadata
Links
Caribbean Community Secretariat, National Statistical Offices
www.caricomstats.org; http://www.caricomstats.org/linkstatsoffice.htm
Comments
If this indicator is intended to measure the efficiency of the court system in
dealing with sexual assault cases, the indicator is not a very good measure. For
example, if 100 cases were before the courts in 2010, and 20 were completed,
these 20 do not necessarily speak to the cases brought before the court in
2010. If 10 of these cases were brought before the courts in 2005, it means
these cases would have taken on average approximately 5 years to be solved.
The indicator in no way shows this kind of information. There is a mismatch
between the time period the case was completed and the time it actually
begun.
We recommend adding a time frame (of two years) to this indicator so that the
indicator now reads ‘Percentage of sexual assault cases brought before the
courts in the last 2 years and completed through the court process during the
past 24 months.” (Varying time period suggested)
Indicator Name
Average time (in months) it takes for a sexual assault case to be completely
processed through the courts from the date of charge.
Prepared by
Caribbean Community Secretariat
Rationale
Provides an indication of the efficiency of the court systems.
Definition of Indicator
Total time, in months, taken for all sexual assault cases to be completely
processed through the courts from the date of charge divided by the number of
sexual assaults cases completely processed from the date of charge
Computation
This indictor can be calculated by dividing the total time in months taken for
sexual assaults to be completely processed through the courts from the date of
charge, by the total number of all sexual assaults cases completely processed by
the courts, multiplied by 100
total time in months taken for cases of
sexual assaults to be completely processed
through the courts from the date of charge
total number of all sexual assaults cases
completely processed by the courts
Unit of Expression
Number
Data Sources
police statistics , census, courts statistics, welfare centres / office, domestic
violence hotlines
Source of Metadata
Links
Caribbean Community Secretariat, National Statistical Offices
www.caricomstats.org; http://www.caricomstats.org/linkstatsoffice.htm
Comments
See Recommendation above