Unit 9 Review
True / False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
With the discovery of oil in the early 1900s, the demand for coal decreased dramatically.
True
False
The mining of salt, iron, and coal became important industries in the late 1800s.
True
False
Modified True / False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If it is false, change the identified word(s) to make the statement
true.
By 1900, about half of all Texas farmers were sharecroppers or independent farmers.
The largest ranch in Texas was the King Ranch, located in the Panhandle.
Multiple Choice
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Which of the following is a true statement about cowboys?​
Cattle drives and ranching were year-round activities.
​Many cowboys were Mexican American or African American.
​Working as a cowboy was difficult, but the pay was good and the job was fairly secure.
​Cowboys were often forced to use guns to control the cattle under their supervision.
Why did many Texas farmers switch to dry farming?​
​Cheap land in drier West Texas encouraged them to try new methods.
​Farmers in eastern Texas did not have enough rain to grow most crops.
​Dry farming methods allowed farmers to grow a wide variety of vegetable crops.
​Increases in the price of rice encouraged farmers to grow it under any conditions.
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Unit 9 Review
Cattle Trails
Based on the map, what feature of the cattle trails made them vital to the transportation of cattle to
eastern markets?
c​ rossing of rivers
eastward direction
​nearness of forts
c​ onnections to railroads
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Unit 9 Review
From the early 1870s until 1900, sheep ranchers who used the open range came into conflict with cattle
ranchers and farmers. Both of the other groups complained that the sheep trampled and overgrazed the land.
Ranchers and farmers responded by fencing in their land, cutting off access to the open range. . . .
As ranchers began fencing their land, conflicts arose. At times, fencing cut off access to water sources which
meant that some ranchers were no longer able to water their herds. Ranchers and herders began cutting fences
so they could get their animals to water. As tensions rose, the Texas legislature voted in 1884 to make fence
cutting a felony.
​—Texas History
According to this excerpt, which is true of relations on the range?​
​Ranchers respected everyone’s right to private property.
​Sheep and cattle ranchers worked together because they had the same interests.
​Different groups fought as the open range began to close.
​The expansion of the open range in the 1890s led to greater economic opportunity.
After the war, engineers made more advances in refrigeration. By 1868, refrigerated ships using dry ice made
with carbon dioxide compressors could transport meat from Texas to New York and Europe. Refrigerated rail
cars, which allowed chilled meat to be shipped across the country, also came into use. These advances led to the
development of a meatpacking industry in Texas, since livestock could now be slaughtered and packaged, then
shipped and sold elsewhere. In Texas the railroad, refrigeration, and meatpacking industries were closely linked
to the growth of ranches. These businesses supported each other as they expanded.
—Texas History
Based on this excerpt, which is most likely to be true regarding the development of refrigeration?​
​It ended the need for slaughterhouses in Texas.
​It helped Texas ranchers find national and international markets.
​It led to the fencing of the open range.
​It led to the era of the great cattle drives.
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Unit 9 Review
Which statement is true of Texas longhorn cattle?​
​They were originally brought to Texas by American settlers.
​They are hardy cattle well suited to the Texas climate.
​They originated in California but thrived in Texas.
​They are known for their short legs which gave them great stability on the plains.
Why did the practice of cattle drives begin in Texas?
​Cattle are restless animals and Texans realized they were easier to handle if they were kept moving.
​The Shawnee Trail enabled drovers to ship cattle to New Orleans.
​The plains in Texas did not provide enough food for cattle, so the animals had to be driven north.
​The price of beef was low in Texas but high in other parts of the United States.
Which problem threatened to end the great Texas cattle drives in 1866?​
​Texas fever
​years of drought
​the beginning of the Civil War
​the invention of barbed wire
Which factors contributed to the end of the great Texas cattle drives in the 1880s?
Americans' changing food preferences away from beef
danger from Native American raids and loss of cowhands
​falling beef prices and closing of the open range
rise of competing industries in eastern states
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Unit 9 Review
Which of the following was a major reason for the decline of the open range in Texas in the late 1800s?​
​the invention of barbed wire
​the invention of refrigeration
​the fighting between cattle ranchers and farmers
​the expansion of sheep ranching
How did railroad monopolies hurt farmers?
T
​ he railroads charged whatever rates they wanted for shipping crops.
The railroads sold farm properties as land grants.
The railroads built rail lines across farm land.
The railroads gave high-interest loans to farmers.
What launched "the Age of Oil" in Texas?
d​ rilling at Spindletop
t​ he discovery of oil at Corsicana
t​ he first finding of oil by Drake
t​ he rotary oil drill
Which best describes what life in boomtowns at their peak was like?
w
​ ell-governed
s​ pread out
c​ rowded and unhealthy
clean
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Unit 9 Review
Which of the following remained the main source of income for Texans in the 1920s, even as many people
moved to cities? o​ il
i​ ndustrial products
r​ anching
agriculture
Which of the following statements about farming in Texas in the early 1900s is accurate?
Most farm work was done by hand.
M
​ ost farm work was done using machinery.
T
​ ractors were commonly used throughout the state.
Cotton farming, in particular, was highly mechanized.
What was prohibition?
a​ law banning gambling
a​ law banning the equal treatment of the races a​ law banning voting by women
a​ law banning the sale of alcohol
What educational reform did Annie Webb Blanton advance in Texas?
Textbooks were distributed to students for free.
​The school year was shortened.
​Texas schools were fully integrated.
​Rural school districts were eliminated.
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Unit 9 Review
What was a result of the natural disaster that struck Galveston in 1900?​
T
​ he city installed electric lights and telephones for the first time.
T
​ he city adopted a new type of government--the commission form of government.
T
​ he city passed the Terrell Election Law.
T
​ he city passed many Populist reforms.
B
​ y the early 1900s, which group made up more than half of the South Texas population?
T
​ ejanos
A
​ nglo Americans
Czechs
G
​ ermans
Matching
​Richard King
J​ oseph Glidden
C
​ harles Goodnight/Oliver Loving
i​ nvented the most successful type of barbed wire
founder of one of Texas's largest cattle ranches
​developed a cattle trail to Wyoming
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Unit 9 Review
w
​ ranglers
​dry farmers
​drovers
​tenant farmers
​used new methods to farm in western Texas; making the most of limited rainfall
moved animals from one place to another
​rented land to farm
​took care of horses
​fallow
​tenant farming
c​ rop rotation
​dry farming
​subsistence farming
​farming approach that uses deep plowing to keep a loose layer of soil on top
​farming approach in which farmers grow food to support their families
​farming technique in which farmers leave a field unplanted for one or more growing seasons
​farming technique of growing different crops in a series on the same land
​farming system in which a person works land owned by another person and pays rent for the land
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Unit 9 Review
Progressivism
J​ im Crow laws
the right to vote
W
​ oman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
Constitution of 1876
suffrage
a​ reform movement that tried to correct social and political problems
laws that enforced segregation
d​ eclared that Texas was a "free and independent state"
g​ roup that fought to reduce or halt the drinking of alcoholic beverages
T
​ exas Railroad Commission
cooperatives
F
​ armers' Alliance
Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)
P
​ rogressivism
c​ ampaigned to end unfair credit practices and railroad monopolies
n​ ational political reform movement to prevent unfair business practices
f​ ederal government agency that establishes rules for railroads connected to two or more states
state agency that sets rates and watches over railroad practices
j​ ointly owned stores where farmers could buy supplies at cheaper prices
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Unit 9 Review
J​ ohn D. Rockefeller
H
​ enry Ford
H
​ oward Hughes, Sr.
L
​ yne T. Barret
J​ oseph S. Cullinan
b​ uilt the first refinery west of the Mississippi in Navarro County, Texas
c​ ontrolled about 90% of the oil industry in the 1890s
i​ nvented a new rotary drill that could break up rock, allowing deeper drilling
d​ rilled the first oil well in Texas at Oil Springs
o​ pened an auto assembly plant in Dallas in 1914
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