Development of production technology of nanostructure monodisperse
powder of different substances
O. Khazamov, M. Ramadanov
(Daghestan State Technical University, Russia, Makhachkala, 367014)
Abstract
One of the breakthrough areas of physical science over the past decade has been
research in the field of nanostructured materials of various substances, almost all of
the properties of which differ sharply from the properties of macroscopic size. It is
difficult to list the areas of science and technology, where nanomaterials are not
implemented due to their new original properties. In this regard, the development
of technologies for the production of nanoscale structures is a topical issue which
is of great interest in almost all areas of science and industry. As we know, all the
known technologies of nanostructured materials have limited scope, and are
inefficient. [1,2] The main purpose of the work is the definition of technological
parameters of dispersion sustainable modes of various groups of substances.
I.
Introduction
The proposed technology for producing nanostructured materials is a more
versatile and highly productive. Research in this field of science at the
Department of Physics, Dagestan State Technical University started in 1988 [3,5],
and the research team of faculty of the University has achieved some success.
The dispersion of the liquid is made between two electrodes. One electrode is a
capillary, which is fed by a high potential, and the second electrode is disk-shaped
and grounded through microammeter. Capillary system in the plane of the liquid-
phase material is fed through the PTFE tube at the other end of which is fixed tank
with liquid being investigated. The fluid level in the reservoir varies relative to the
end of the capillary.
II.
Development of technology
Initial studies were conducted for the case when the liquid level equal to that of the
capillary. In this state at the top of the capillary is observed hemisphere of the
liquid. After the capillary being fed by potential, the elongated hemisphere of
fluid appears on the end of capillary at a certain value of potential, when the
surface tension is unable to keep the drop - the failure of the droplets occurs, and
they move to the second electrode. During flight breaking drops take spherical
shape. With the growth of the potential on the capillary, the separation frequency
of droplets increases and further transition to the stationary dispersion state in the
form of streams occurs. With further increase of potential, the flow transits in
an unstable state, and it splits into two streams, which are surrounded by a misty
stream in the form of a cone.
Fig.1 The photo of homogeneous steady monodisperse stream
Further growth of potential leads to a rotation of jets around the axis of the
capillary. A subsequent increase in the capacity leads to the disintegration of jets
on larger quantity. Next, jets merge and monostructure nanoparticles flow formed.
To visualize the area of dispersion it was illuminated by the intense luminous flux.
The subsequent increase in potential leads to a gradual transition of flow to
polydisperse structure; in the flow of particle particles appears, sizes of which vary
from several nanometers to several micrometers. For butyl alcohol were made voltcurrent-voltage characteristics for different modes depending on the distance
between the electrodes and the liquid level above the tip of the capillary. (The
results are given on the fig.2 )
0,60
mA
h1=3,h2=0 polynomial y=0,0257x20,1631x+0,2507
h1=9,h2=0 polynomial y=0,0057x20,0454x+0,0888
h1=6,h2=0 polynomial y=0,0082x20,0542x+0,0874
h1=3, h2=3 polynomial y=0,0271x20,1672x+0,2515
h1=6, h2=3 polynomial y=0,0109x20,08x+0,1457
h1=9, h2=3 polynomial y=0,0064x20,0475x+0,0873
0,50
0,40
0,30
0,20
0,10
0,00
2,4
2,8
3,2
3,6
4
4,4
-0,10
4,8
5,2
5,6
6
6,4
6,8
7,2
7,6
kV
Fig.2 Current-voltage characteristics for butyl alcohol.
In the next part of comprehensive studies, the results of experimental
investigations of current-voltage characteristics for transformer oil were obtained.
(Fig.3)
Fig.2 Current-voltage characteristics for for transformer oil.
As a result of experimental studies particle sizes of saturated hydrocarbons were
identified with NTEGRA PRIMA complex for scanning probe microscopy with
the processing program NOVA, and it was the established that the size of produced
particles vary in the range of 2*10 -9 ÷ 12*10 -9 m.
The Photo of wax powder on coverslips is shown in Figure 3.
Fig. 3. The photo of wax powder on coverslips
The diameter of fine particles measured by microscope is 2 * 10 -9m.
III.
Conclusions
The experimental results confirm the scope of the proposed method for nanomaterials, in particular all saturated hydrocarbons. To further narrow range of
particle sizes dispersed flow is divided by the size of particles in the various fields
of force.
During the pilot studies modes of dispersion of the investigated substances with
monodisperse nanoscale structure flows were fixed. Using the proposed
technology powders of various substances with the required size of the particles
can be obtained. It was established that the regimes of stable monodisperse flows
can be obtained for almost all investigated substances.
The studies were conducted with the financial support of the “START”; the State
Contract number 4979 r/7232 from 30.03.2007.
References
[1] Poole, C.P., Jr. and Owens, F.J “Nanotechnology”, Moscow:Technosphera,
2006 – p. 336
[2] Kobayashi, N., Introduction to Nanotechnology. - BINOM. Laboratoriya
basovih znaniy, 2008. – p. 134 .
[3] Verdiev M.G., Ivanov O.P., Ninalalov S.A “The investigation of liquid
dispersion in the electrical field”. Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal 1989, vol. 57
№2 pp. 275-280.
[4] Verdiev M.G “Obtaining thin films of liquids by dispersing them in an electric
field” Elektronnaya obrabotka materialov. – 1991.- №4 –pp. 36-41.
[5] Verdiev M.G Ph.D Dissertation. Input # D/476. Thermophysical principles and
methods of calculation systems for thermal modes energy converters. Institute of
Geothermal Problems, Dagestan Scientific Center of RAS. 1998