Introduction to Animal Science
Introduction to Anatomy and
Physiology of Farm Animals
Department of Animal Science
National Chung Hsing University
Pin-Chi Tang
唐品琦
Office: 4C ; Lab: 204
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REFERENCES
Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals
7th Edition
Rowen D. Frandson, W. Lee Wilke, Anna Dee Fails
Wiley-Blackwell, June 2009
家畜解剖生理學
季培元
合計圖書出版社
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Anatomy
The science that deals with the form
and structure of all organisms.
Physiology
The study of the integrated functions of
the body and the functions of all its parts
(systems, organs, tissues, cells and cell
components), including biophysical and
biochemical processes.
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Anatomy
Shape
Texture
Location
relations of structures
Histochemistry
Gross anatomy
Comparative anatomy
Microscopic anatomy (histology)
Ultrastructural cytology
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Physiology
Respose of whole animals,
isolated organs
individual cells
to changes in their environment
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Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, 2009
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Directional terms and planes of the animal body.
Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, 2009
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Cranial
A directional term meaning toward
the head
Caudal
A directional term meaning toward
the tail
Rostral
A directional term used in reference
to features of the head to mean
toward the nose
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Dorsal
Means toward or beyond the
backbone or vertebral column
Ventral
Means away from the vertebral
column or toward the mid
abdominal wall
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Palmar: forelimb
Refers to the flexor or caudal
surface
Plantar: hindlimb
Refers to the caudal surface
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Directional terms and planes of
the animal body.
Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, 2009
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Directional terms and planes of the animal body.
Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, 2009
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Median plane:
midsagittal plane
An imaginary plane passing through the
body so as to divedie the body into
equal right and left halves
Sagittal plane
Any plane parallel to the meidan plane
Transverse plane
A plane at right angles to the median
plane and divides the body into cranial
and caudal segments
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Horizontal plane
A plane at right angles to both the
median plane and transverse planes,
and divides the body into dorsal (upper)
and ventral (lower) segments
Medial
Close to or toward the median plane
Lateral
Means away from the median plane
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Deep and internal
Indicate proximity to the center of
an anatomical structure
Superficial and external
Refer to proximity to the surface of
the body
Proximal
Means relatively close to a given
part
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Distal
Means farther from the given part
Prone
Refers to a position in which the
dorsal aspect of the body or any
extremity is uppermost
Supine
Refers to the position in which the
ventral aspect of the body or
palmar or plantar aspect of an
exstrmeity is uppermost
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