Canterbury naturalised
vascular plant checklist
JUNE 2007
Canterbury naturalised
vascular plant checklist
D.J. Mahon
JUNE 2007
Published by
Canterbury Conservancy
Department of Conservation
Private Bag 4715
Christchurch 8140
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
Cover: Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna)
Photo: D.J. Mahon
© Copyright June 2007 New Zealand Department of Conservation
ISBN: 978-0-478-14214-3
ISBN: 978-0-478-14214-0 (PDF)
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
CONTENTS
Summary
1
Definition of Canterbury
1
Taxa included in the list
2
Assessment of Canterbury distribution
2
Additional information included in the list
3
Summary statistics
4
Limitations
6
Excluded taxa
7
Canterbury range extensions of fully naturalised taxa
11
Canterbury casual range extensions of taxa fully naturalised in
New Zealand
16
Canterbury range extensions of minor and zeta records (casual taxa) 26
Acknowledgements
29
References
29
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
31
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
SUMMARY
This checklist presents the naturalised vascular plants of Canterbury
(1366 taxa). Taxa were drawn from the New Zealand Naturalised Vascular Plant Checklist (Howell & Sawyer 2006) which includes all adventive
taxa published as wild in New Zealand prior to December 2005. The
checklist provides citations to the publication of wild status for each
taxa and in some cases additional supporting references to herbarium
accessions are included.
A number of taxa collected wild in Canterbury have not had Canterbury
included in their previously published range. This is addressed through
the presentation of range extensions for 89 taxa.
DEFINITION OF CANTERBURY
The definition of Canterbury used in this publication is the traditional
Canterbury Land District, as used in the Flora of New Zealand series,
shown in Figure 1. This differs from current administrative boundaries.
Figure 1. Canterbury land district.
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
1
TAXA INCLUDED IN THE CHECKLIST
The New Zealand Naturalised Vascular Plant Checklist (Howell & Sawyer
2006) provides a list of all vascular plant taxa published as wild in the
New Zealand political region prior to December 2005. The checklist is
drawn primarily from the Flora of New Zealand series and updates in
the New Zealand Journal of Botany, with some 55 taxa from additional
publications.
All taxa listed in Howell & Sawyer (2006) were assessed for inclusion in
this Canterbury checklist, with the adoption of the treatment of Brassica
(Brassicaceae) species naturalised in Canterbury by Heenan, Fitzjohn &
Dawson (2004), shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1. TREATMENT OF BRASSICA (BRASSICACEAE) SPECIES
HOWELL & SAWYER
HEENAN, FITZJOHN & DAWSON
Brassica fruticulosa subsp. mauritanica (Cosson) Maire 1
Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.
Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. var. juncea
Brassica napus L.
Brassica napus var napobrassica (L.) Rchb.
Brassica napus L. var. napus
Brassica nigra (L.) Koch
Brassica nigra (L.) Koch
Brassica oleracea L. subsp. oleracea
Brassica oleracea var. acephala DC.
Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes L.
Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck1
Brassica oxyrrhina (Cosson) Cosson 1
Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt
Brassica rapa var. chinensis (L.) Kitam.
Brassica rapa subsp. sylvestris (L.) Janch.
Brassica rapa var. oleifera DC.
Brassica tournefortii Gouan
Brassica tournefortii Gouan
Brassica rapa var. glabra Regel2
Brassica rapa L. var. rapa2
Brassica napus x B. rapa2
Brassica rapa var. chinensis x B. rapa var. oleifera2
Brassica rapa L. var. rapa x B. rapa var. glabra Regel2
1
Taxa not occuring in Canterbury.
2
Additional taxa in this treatment.
ASSESSMENT OF CANTERBURY DISTRIBUTION
Notes on the distribution of each taxa are included in the publications
cited in Howell & Sawyer (2006). These published distributions were used
to determine the presence in or absence from Canterbury of each taxa.
In cases where the published distribution was unclear or not specific
(e.g. “common throughout” (Webb et al. 1988, p524) an herbarium speci-
2
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
men from the Allan Herbarium (CHR) was sought for confirmation. If
a specimen was found to confirm presence in Canterbury an accession
number is cited. If no specimen could be found the taxa was excluded
from the Canterbury checklist and appears in the list of excluded taxa.
Taxa whose published distributions did not include Canterbury were
checked against the Allan Herbarium database (as at April 2007) and
Naturalised Vascular Plants on Banks Peninsula (Wilson 1999). Data in the
Allan Herbarium database is incomplete and Wilson (1999) did not provide substantiating accession numbers. Allan herbarium specimens were
sought for taxa indicated as being wild in Canterbury by the database
or Wilson (1999). This resulted in 89 taxa, with previously published
distributions not including Canterbury, confirmed as wild in Canterbury.
Range extensions for these taxa are included in this publication, and
provided as additional citations in the checklist. The range extensions
are presented in three parts, sorted by naturalised status in Canterbury
and New Zealand: Fully naturalised (18 taxa); casual in Canterbury but
fully naturalised in New Zealand (55 taxa); casual (16 taxa). Reported
occurrences that could not be substantiated with herbarium records are
presented in the list of excluded taxa.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION INCLUDED IN
THE CHECKLIST
Taxa are listed alphabetically. Each listing gives details of plant family,
growth form, sources and naturalised status in Canterbury. Footnotes provide additional information for some taxa, including the naturalised status
elsewhere in New Zealand where this is known to differ from the status
in Canterbury; and when the published distribution is entirely within
Canterbury (referred to as “occurring only in Canterbury”).
Sources are cited as Flora of New Zealand (FNZ) or New Zealand Journal of Botany (NZJB) followed by the volume number in brackets with
page number. Other sources are cited in the usual way. Where the taxon
name given differs from that in the cited publication the original name
is included after the citation. Additional sources cited in some cases are
an accession number of a representative substantiating specimen at the
Allan Herbarium (CHR), or the page number of the range extension in
this publication.
The naturalised status of each taxa follows Howell & Sawyer (2006).
Taxa are allocated into one of three groups regarding the extent of their
establishment in New Zealand: fully naturalised, casual, or eradicated.
Fully naturalised taxa form a population self-maintained by seed or vegetative reproduction, or they occur repeatedly in natural or semi-natural
habitats or urban environments (Webb et al. 1988; Howell & Sawyer
2006).
Casual taxa passively regenerate only in the immediate vicinity of cultivated parent plants, or are more widespread but occur only as isolated
or few individuals. This includes garden escapes persisting only 2-3 years
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
3
4
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
Does not include 2 eradicated taxa.
Does not include 1 eradicated taxon.
Does not include 2 eradicated taxa.
Does not include 1 eradicated taxon.
Does not include 2 eradicated taxa.
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
243
Monocotyledonous herbs - other than orchids, grasses, sedges, rushes (OM)
Totals
(1)
46
1123
22
16
2
Monocotyledonous herbs - sedges (MS)
—
150
16
2
Monocotyledonous herbs - grasses (MG)
2
—
622
526(1)
1366
62
24
18
166
—
4
—
3
11
153
42
236
25
TOTAL
123
36
Monocotyledonous herbs - rushes (MR)
—
16
Monocotyledonous herbs - orchids (MO)
2
Monocotyledonous Lianes (ML)
2
1
2
Ferns (FE)
—
96
Dicotyledonous herbs - other than composites (OD)
Lycophytes (L)
30
Dicotyledonous herbs - composites (DC)
Monocotyledonous trees and shrubs (MT)
9
6
Dicotyledonous lianes (DL)
20
171
5
65
FULLY
NATURALISED
Dicotyledonous trees and shrubs (DT)
CASUAL
Gymnosperm trees and shrubs (GY)
GROWTH FORM
TABLE 2. SUMMARY STATISTICS FOR TAXA IN CANTERBURY
SUMMARY STATISTICS
56%
44%
60%
42%
58%
—
57%
—
50%
28%
66%
65%
47%
42%
66%
TOTAL AS % OF
TOTAL IN NZ
2439
142(5)
40
43
285(4)
2
7
8
6
39
948(3)
234(2)
89
558
38
TOTAL IN NZ
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
5
(1)
Does not include 1 eradicated taxon.
Totals
117
4
—
Monocotyledonous herbs - orchids (MO)
Monocotyledonous herbs - other than orchids, grasses, sedges, rushes (OM)
—
Monocotyledonous Lianes (ML)
1
—
Monocotyledonous trees and shrubs (MT)
Monocotyledonous herbs - rushes (MR)
1
Lycophytes (L)
9
—
Ferns (FE)
—
52
Dicotyledonous herbs - other than composites (OD)
Monocotyledonous herbs - sedges (MS)
14
Dicotyledonous herbs - composites (DC)
Monocotyledonous herbs - grasses (MG)
1
Dicotyledonous lianes (DL)
60
1
—
1
9
—
—
—
—
3
177
5
1
1
18
—
—
—
1
3
18
84
4
3
39
5
TOTAL
31(1)
2
9
—
5
30
Dicotyledonous trees and shrubs (DT)
FULLY
NATURALISED
CASUAL
Gymnosperm trees and shrubs (GY)
GROWTH FORM
TABLE 3. SUMMARY STATISTICS FOR TAXA OCCURRING ONLY IN CANTERBURY
13%
8%
4%
6%
11%
—
—
—
33%
27%
14%
12%
7%
17%
20%
TOTAL AS % OF TOTAL
IN CANTERBURY
7%
4%
3%
2%
6%
—
—
—
17%
8%
9%
8%
3%
7%
13%
TOTAL AS % OF
TOTAL IN NZ
and garden discards persisting vegetatively but not spreading sexually or
asexually (Webb et al. 1988; Howell & Sawyer 2006).
Eradicated taxa have been established but have subsequently been deliberately controlled to a point where no plants have been seen in the
wild for at least 5 years and there is agreement from experts that further
undetected plants are very unlikely anywhere within the New Zealand
political area (Howell & Sawyer 2006).
Summary statistics are presented by growth form and naturalised status.
Summary statistics for Canterbury are presented in Table 2, with comparison to the statistics for New Zealand. Summary statistics for taxa
occurring only in Canterbury are presented in Table 3, with comparison
to the Canterbury and New Zealand figures.
LIMITATIONS
The New Zealand checklist (Howell & Sawyer 2006) includes all taxa
published as wild in New Zealand prior to December 2005. It excludes
any taxa believed to be wild but not yet published as such, and taxa of
undetermined taxonomic status. These numbered approximately 100 taxa
at the time of publication in November 2006.
The Canterbury checklist similarly relies only on herbarium specimens
and publications based on herbarium specimens. Herbarium records were
checked at the Allan Herbarium (CHR), as the main repository of Canterbury specimens. Other herbariums may have additional Canterbury specimens, but these were not checked in the preparation of this checklist.
The New Zealand and Canterbury checklists have been compiled using a
conservative approach. Naturalisation of alien flora is an ongoing process
in New Zealand, and naturalised taxa continue to expand their range. The
checklist presented here is considered to underestimate the naturalised
flora of Canterbury, and will require regular revision.
A further limitation of this checklist is that it includes only taxa alien
to New Zealand. It does not include native New Zealand taxa that are
naturalised in Canterbury outside of their natural range. Neither does
it include horticultural hybrids or cultivars of native species that are
naturalised (e.g. Cordyline australis ‘purpurea’). Wilson (1999) lists
the following native New Zealand species as naturalised on Banks Peninsula through human intervention: rangiora (Brachyglottis repanda);
taupata (Coprosma repens); karaka (Corynocarpus laevigatus); lacebark
(Hoheria populnea); Olearia solandri; Chatham Island akeake (Olearia
traversii); karo (Pittosporum crassifolium); Pittosporum ralphii; tainui
(Pomaderris apetala).
6
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
7
DC
FE
OD
MO
MG
MG
DT
Apiaceae
Aspleniaceae
Chenopodiaceae
Orchidaceae
Poaceae
Poaceae
Solanaceae
Anethum graveolens
Asplenium × lucrosum
Atriplex hortensis cv.
‘Rubra’
Blettila striata
Bromus erectus
Bromus inermis
Brugmansia candida
FNZ (IV): 1218
FNZ (V): 363
FNZ (V): 371
Gardner & de
Lange 1996.
FNZ (IV): 519
Perrie et al. 2005.
NZJB 40 (2):
160 (in error
as Anthemis
graveolens)
Ogle 2005.
FNZ (IV): 206
FNZ (IV): 31
SOURCES
Fully naturalised
Fully naturalised
Casual
Casual
Casual
Casual
Casual
Casual
Fully naturalised
Fully naturalised
NATURALISED
STATUS IN NZ
Recorded on Banks Peninsula as “not certainly wild” by Wilson
(1999). No substantiating adventive specimen at CHR.
Single Canterbury adventive specimen (CHR 19384) uncertain
whether cultivated or adventive.
Recorded in Canterbury by Armstrong, J. F., T.N.Z.I. 4: 282 (1872) in
FNZ (V), without substantiating specimen.
Molloy (1991 in Gardner and de Lange 1996) “noted that the
species seeded into his garden at Riccarton, Christchurch,” without
substantiating specimens.
Described as occurring with the commoner green form (present in
Canterbury), “especially in C. Otago.” No substantiating specimens
at CHR.
Described as occurring wild where it has been used inadvertantly in
restoration plantings. Locations listed as examples are Wellington
and Palmerston North, but no definitive wild distribution is
presented. No substantiating specimens at CHR.
Single Canterbury adventive specimen (CHR 465305, 1989) “single
casual plant” in “cactus container.”
Recorded on Banks Peninsula by Wilson (1999). No substantiating
specimen at CHR.
Single Canterbury adventive specimen (CHR 483746, 1993) is a
casual record named “Ageratum houstonianum ‘candy floss’”,
described as a “hybrid of A. houstonianum and an unknown species
of Ageratum.” Appears to be an unpublished casual taxa for NZ, but
of undetermined taxonomic status.
Single Canterbury adventive specimen (CHR 474934, 1991) “self
sown in indoor pot plant.”
NOTES
DC: Dicotyledonous herbs - composites; DL: Dicotyledonous lianes; DT: Dicotyledonous trees and shrubs; FE: Ferns; GY: Gymnosperm trees and shrubs; L: Lycophytes; MG:
Monocotyledonous herbs - grasses; ML: Monocotyledonous Lianes; MO: Monocotyledonous herbs - orchids; MR: Monocotyledonous herbs - rushes; MS: Monocotyledonous herbs - sedges; MT:
Monocotyledonous trees and shrubs; OD: Dicotyledonous herbs - other than composites; OM: Monocotyledonous herbs - other than orchids, grasses, sedges, rushes.
(1)
OM
DC
Asteraceae
Ageratum houstonianum
Asphodelaceae
FE
Adiantaceae
Adiantum raddianum
Aloe arborescens
GROWTH
FORM (1)
FAMILY
TAXON NAME
EXCLUDED TAXA
8
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
OD
DT
DT
DT
DT
OM
Convolvulaceae
Asteraceae
Elaeagnaceae
Myrtaceae
Myrtaceae
Iridaceae
Onagraceae
Onagraceae
Cuscuta europaea
Dahlia excelsa
Elaeagnus × reflexa
Eucalyptus gunnii
Eucalyptus regnans
Freesia refracta
Fuchsia magellanica cv.
‘Alba’
Fuchsia magellanica var.
macrostema
FNZ (IV): 905
FNZ (IV): 905
FNZ (III): 123
FNZ (IV): 861
FNZ (IV): 858
FNZ (IV): 601
FNZ (IV): 217
FNZ (IV): 554
FNZ (IV): 554
FNZ (IV): 513
FNZ (IV): 450
FNZ (IV): 449
FNZ (IV): 1219
SOURCES
Fully naturalised
Fully naturalised
Fully naturalised
Fully naturalised
Fully naturalised
Fully naturalised
Fully naturalised
Casual
Fully naturalised
Fully naturalised
Casual
Fully naturalised
Fully naturalised
NATURALISED
STATUS IN NZ
“Fuchsia magellanica cultivars” recorded on Banks Peninsula by
Wilson (1999). No substantiating specimen at CHR.
“Fuchsia magellanica cultivars” recorded on Banks Peninsula by
Wilson (1999). No substantiating specimen at CHR.
Recorded on Banks Peninsula as “not certainly wild” by Wilson
(1999). No substantiating adventive specimen at CHR.
Described as occurring in the North and South Islands “in scattered
localities from Auckland southwards, especially Waitati, Otago.” No
substantiating specimens at CHR, but several cultivated specimens.
Described as occurring “around gardens and farm shelter belts” in
the North and South Islands. No substantiating specimens at CHR,
but many cultivated specimens.
Recorded on Banks Peninsula by Wilson (1999). No substantiating
specimen at CHR.
Recorded on Banks Peninsula as “apparently wild at Wainui, but
almost certainly direct garden discards” by Wilson (1999). No
substantiating adventive specimen at CHR.
Reported from Ashburton County in FNZ (IV), without
substantiating specimen.
Single Canterbury adventive specimen (CHR 309333, 1977) “In
glasshouse. On Ocimum basilicum raised from seed from England.”
Recorded on Banks Peninsula as “almost certainly planted” by
Wilson (1999). No substantiating adventive specimen at CHR.
Described as occurring “occasional[ly] in the proximity of settled
areas” in the North and South Islands. No substantiating specimens
at CHR. (Note: in Howell & Sawyer (2006) status is listed as Fully
Naturalised, but “not fully naturalised” according to FNZ (IV),
despite being given a full entry)
Described as occurring in “remnant forest in the vicinity of
habitations” in the North and South Islands. No substantiating
specimens at CHR.
Recorded on Banks Peninsula by Wilson (1999). No substantiating
specimen at CHR.
NOTES
(1) DC: Dicotyledonous herbs - composites; DL: Dicotyledonous lianes; DT: Dicotyledonous trees and shrubs; FE: Ferns; GY: Gymnosperm trees and shrubs; L: Lycophytes; MG:
Monocotyledonous herbs - grasses; ML: Monocotyledonous Lianes; MO: Monocotyledonous herbs - orchids; MR: Monocotyledonous herbs - rushes; MS: Monocotyledonous herbs - sedges; MT:
Monocotyledonous trees and shrubs; OD: Dicotyledonous herbs - other than composites; OM: Monocotyledonous herbs - other than orchids, grasses, sedges, rushes.
DT
DT
OD
Convolvulaceae
Cuscuta campestris
DT
Buddlejaceae
Buddleja salvifolia
DL
DT
Buddlejaceae
Buddleja globosa
Celastraceae
DT
Solanaceae
Brugmansia sanguinea
Celastrus orbiculatus
GROWTH
FORM (1)
FAMILY
TAXON NAME
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
9
OM
DC
DL
OD
OM
DT
OD
OD
DL
OD
Zingiberaceae
Asteraceae
Convolvulaceae
Scrophulariaceae
Asphodelaceae
Verbenaceae
Brassicaceae
Limnanthaceae
Caprifoliaceae
Caprifoliaceae
Fabaceae
Hedychium gardnerianum
Hieracium praealtum
subsp. praealtum
Ipomoea indica
Kickxia elatine
Kniphofia uvaria
Lantana camara var.
aculeata
Lepidium ruderale
Limnanthes douglasii
Lonicera japonica cv.
‘Aureo-Reticulata’
Lonicera japonica cv.
‘Halliana’
Lotus corniculatus
FNZ (IV): 657
FNZ (IV): 467
FNZ (IV): 467
FNZ (IV): 806;
NZJB 37 (4): 640;
NZJB 42 (5): 811
NZJB 33 (2): 159
FNZ (IV): 1274
Ogle 2005.
FNZ (IV): 1190
FNZ (IV): 558
FNZ (IV): 332
FNZ (III): 42
SOURCES
Fully naturalised
Fully naturalised
Fully naturalised
Casual
Fully naturalised
Fully naturalised
Casual
Fully naturalised
Fully naturalised
Fully naturalised
Fully naturalised
NATURALISED
STATUS IN NZ
Older Canterbury adventive specimens (e.g. CHR 502851) named in
error as per FNZ (IV): 657.
No distribution described specificly for cv. ‘Halliana.’ No adventive
specimens of L. japonica at CHR are determined as cultivars, and
none are clearly referable to cv. ‘Halliana.’
No distribution described specificly for cv. ‘Aureo-Reticulata.’
No adventive specimens of L. japonica at CHR are determined as
cultivars, and none are clearly referable to cv. ‘Aureo-Reticulata.’
Recorded from Ashburton by Smith, W.W., Trans Proc N.Z. Inst 36:
208 (1904) in FNZ (IV), without substantiating specimen.
Older Canterbury adventive specimens (e.g. CHR 574189, 1965)
named in error as per FNZ (IV): 427.
Single Canterbury adventive specimen (CHR 118399) has
provisional determination only. “One record in the South Island
in Christchurch” reported by Ford (1997) probably refers to this
specimen.
Recorded on Banks Peninsula as “not certainly wild” by Wilson
(1999). No substantiating adventive specimen at CHR.
Described as occurring in the North Island and “many districts” of
the South Island, “especially in Nelson and Blenheim areas.” No
substantiating specimens at CHR.
Described as occurring in “northern areas” of the South Island. No
substantiating specimens at CHR.
No distribution described for subsp. praealtum. Many adventive
specimens of H. praealtum at CHR are not determined to subspecies
level. It is considered very likely that this subspecies occurs in
Canterbury, but specimens require further determination before this
can be substantiated.
Recorded on Banks Peninsula by Wilson (1999). No substantiating
specimen at CHR.
NOTES
(1) DC: Dicotyledonous herbs - composites; DL: Dicotyledonous lianes; DT: Dicotyledonous trees and shrubs; FE: Ferns; GY: Gymnosperm trees and shrubs; L: Lycophytes; MG:
Monocotyledonous herbs - grasses; ML: Monocotyledonous Lianes; MO: Monocotyledonous herbs - orchids; MR: Monocotyledonous herbs - rushes; MS: Monocotyledonous herbs - sedges; MT:
Monocotyledonous trees and shrubs; OD: Dicotyledonous herbs - other than composites; OM: Monocotyledonous herbs - other than orchids, grasses, sedges, rushes.
DL
GROWTH
FORM (1)
FAMILY
TAXON NAME
10
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
MR
OD
Juncaceae
Brassicaceae
Lamiaceae
Luzula campestris
Matthiola longipetala
subsp. bicornis
Mentha spicata subsp.
tomentosa
DT
DT
OD
OD
OM
Rosaceae
Fabaceae
Solanaceae
Lamiaceae
Hydrocharitaceae
Prunus serrulata
Senna multiglandulosa
Solanum tuberosum subsp.
andigena
Teucrium scorodonia
Vallisneria gigantea
FNZ (III): 26
as Vallisneria
spiralis.
FNZ (IV): 797
FNZ (IV): 1251
FNZ (IV): 637
FNZ (IV): 1098
FNZ (IV): 946
FNZ (IV): 781
FNZ (IV): 437
FNZ (III): 111
SOURCES
Fully naturalised
Fully naturalised
Casual
Fully naturalised
Fully naturalised
Fully naturalised
Fully naturalised
Casual
Fully naturalised
NATURALISED
STATUS IN NZ
Recorded in Christchurch by Cheeseman in “Man NZ Fl 1925, 1055,”
in FNZ(III), without substantiating specimen.
Described as “widespread” in the North Island and “fairly common
in Marlborough and Nelson, otherwise uncommon and sporadic
as far south as Southland” in the South Island. No substantiating
specimens at CHR.
No distribution described for subsp. andigena. Adventive specimens
of S. tuberosum at CHR are not determined to subspecies level.
Some specimens may be referable to subsp. andigena: CHR 226244
“petals flushed pink”; CHR 512104 “violet rhizomes, flowers pale
violet, tubers green.”
Recorded on Banks Peninsula by Wilson (1999). No substantiating
specimen at CHR.
Single Canterbury adventive specimen (CHR 437870) has provisional
determination only due to insufficient material.
Described as occurring in the North, South and Stewart Islands, “but
usually rare in eastern areas.” No substantiating specimens at CHR.
Recorded on Banks Peninsula by Wilson (1999). No substantiating
specimen at CHR.
“Recorded as a casual in Canterbury by Healey, A. J., in Knox, G. A.,
The Natural History of Canterbury (1968, as M. bicornis),” in FNZ
(IV), without substantiating specimen.
Single Canterbury adventive specimen (CHR 301116, 1950) provides
no collection details. Not included in FNZ (IV). Probably requires
redetermination as native species.
NOTES
DC: Dicotyledonous herbs - composites; DL: Dicotyledonous lianes; DT: Dicotyledonous trees and shrubs; FE: Ferns; GY: Gymnosperm trees and shrubs; L: Lycophytes; MG:
Monocotyledonous herbs - grasses; ML: Monocotyledonous Lianes; MO: Monocotyledonous herbs - orchids; MR: Monocotyledonous herbs - rushes; MS: Monocotyledonous herbs - sedges; MT:
Monocotyledonous trees and shrubs; OD: Dicotyledonous herbs - other than composites; OM: Monocotyledonous herbs - other than orchids, grasses, sedges, rushes.
(1)
OD
Plantaginaceae
Plantago australis
OD
GROWTH
FORM (1)
FAMILY
TAXON NAME
CANTERBURY RANGE EXTENSIONS OF FULLY
NATURALISED TAXA
Alstroemeriaceae
Bomarea caldasii (Kunth) Asch. & Graebn.
Additional records: CHR 586974, D.J. Mahon, 20 February 2007, Canterbury, Governors Bay, 42 Zephyr Terrace; CHR 586975, D.J. Mahon, 20
February 2007, Canterbury, Governors Bay, corner Zephyr Terrace and
Hays Rise.
Notes: Specimens of mature individuals from a population containing a
number of mature and many juvenile plants scattered in hedges, gardens
and bush edges across several properties. For reference see FNZ (III): 62
as Bomarea multiflora.
Asphodelaceae
Asphodelus fistulosus L.
asphodel
Additional records: CHR 439539, T. Hay, September 1987, Canterbury,
Lyttelton wharf; CHR 439704, W.R. Sykes 218/87, 13 September 1987,
Canterbury, Lyttelton, Cattle Wharf area; CHR 497668, H.D. Wilson
BP1313, W.R. Sykes, 14 September 1987, Canterbury, Lyttelton, near old
cattle wharf (near Dry Dock).
Notes: Coastal banks. For reference see FNZ (III): 53.
Asteraceae
Aster subulatus Michaux
sea aster
Additional records: CHR 413973, A.J. Healy 94/59, 11 March 1994, Canterbury, Christchurch, Addington, Old Railway workshop area near abandoned water tower and new station building; CHR 413976, A.J. Healy
94/41, 25 February 1994, Canterbury, Christchurch, Addington, Old Railway workshop area near Clarence Street; CHR 413978, A.J. Healy 94/72,
28 March 1994, Canterbury, Belfast, corner Main North Road and Radcliffe Road; CHR 490166, A.J. Healy 95/20, 18 January 1995, Canterbury,
Christchurch, Addington, old Addington Railway Workshop area, near site
of old rail Press Shop; CHR 490167, A.J. Healy 95/19, 18 January 1995,
Canterbury, Christchurch, Addington, site of demolished Addington Railway Workshops; CHR 499632, A.J. Healy 95/38b, 20 February 1995,
Canterbury, Christchurch, Riccarton, 98 Rattray Street; CHR 506345, A.J.
Healy 95/38a, 20 February 1995, Canterbury, Christchurch, Riccarton,
98 Rattray Street; CHR 509427, A.J. Healy 94/91, 29 April 1994, Canterbury, Christchurch, Addington, old Addington Railway Workshop site;
CHR 509428, J.W. Thacker, 17 March 1994, Canterbury, Christchurch,
Addington, old Addington Railway Workshop site; CHR 509581, A.J. Healy
95/104, 28 November 1995, Canterbury, Christchurch, Riccarton, 98 Rattray Street; CHR 518019, A.J. Healy 97/28, 6 May 1997, Canterbury,
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
11
Christchurch, Addington, corner behind gateway into Christchurch Railway Station, site of old Addington Railway workshops; CHR 525354, A.J.
Healy 95/72, 8 May 1995, Canterbury, Christchurch, Addington, Clarence
Road, near the old Press Shop, site of old Addington Railway Workshops,
dry stony waste land; CHR 529339, A.J. Healy 98/3, 26 January 1998,
Canterbury, Christchurch, Addington, near gateway to Christchurch Railway Station; CHR 563446, A.J. Healy 01/26, 1 February 2001, Canterbury,
Christchurch, Addington, Old Canterbury Sale Yards site; CHR 563465,
A.J. Healy 98/84, 7 December 1998, Canterbury, Christchurch Addington,
Old Canterbury Stock Saleyard site- Blenheim Road overbridge end of site;
CHR 563472, A.J. Healy 00/26, 18 April 2000, Canterbury, Christchurch,
Addington, Old Canterbury Sale Yards site; CHR 570990, C.D. Meurk,
17 April 2004, Canterbury, Christchurch, Burwood, Travis Wetland; CHR
574317, A.J. Healy 04/7, 4 February 2004, Canterbury, Christchurch,
Addington, old Canterbury Sale Yards; CHR 567487, C.D. Meurk, 29 May
2003, Canterbury, Christchurch, Travis Wetland.
Notes: In pavement cracks, wasteland, planted areas. For reference see
FNZ (IV): 181.
Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq.
Additional records: CHR 472856, W.R. Sykes 144/91, 14 April 1991, Canterbury, Banks Peninsula, Diamond Harbour, R.A. Arnold’s garden; CHR
529772 W.R. Sykes 323/97, 25 September 1997, Canterbury, Banks Peninsula, Diamond Harbour, 11 Ashley Arnold Reserve.
Notes: Both records from same location. Steep, dry, west facing slope in
open areas of adventive scrub. For reference see FNZ (IV): 190.
Balsaminaceae
Impatiens glandulifera Royle
Additional records: CHR 58530, R. Mason, 4 March 1945, Canterbury,
Timaru; CHR 145856, R. Mason 10741, Canterbury, Prebbleton; CHR
174309, A.J. Healy 68/25, 15 January 1968, Canterbury, Akaroa; CHR
369459, W.R. Sykes 24/80, 12 February 1980, Canterbury, Christchurch;
CHR 377298, P. Heenan, D. Glenny, K. Ford, 26 January 2000, Canterbury, Christchurch, Heathcote River, Eastern Terrace, near Corson Ave;
CHR 455635, N.J. O’Brien, 16 March 1988, Canterbury, Hanmer, Dog
Creek Walkway; CHR 480898, W.R. Sykes 18/93, 11 January 1993, Canterbury, Christchurch, 115 Packe Street; CHR 510113, B.H. Macmillan
96/15, 25 February 1996, Canterbury, Christchurch, Fendalton, Cobham
Intermediate School grounds.
Notes: Hanmer record fully naturalised in shrubland, forest margins. Other
records spontaneous individuals in or near gardens. For reference see
FNZ (IV): 351.
12
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
Cactaceae
Opuntia monacantha (Willd.) Haw.
prickly pear
Additional records: CHR 460531, W.R. Sykes 182/88, 23 May 1988, North
Canterbury, above Lower Waipara River, near Teviotdale Station; CHR
476950, L. Smith, 17 February 1992, North Canterbury, Conway Flat, 2km
south of Conway River mouth; CHR 536187, P.B. Heenan, P.J. de Lange,
8 February 2000, Canterbury, Waipara; CHR 542587, Heenan, de Lange,
Molloy, 8 February 2000, Canterbury, Waipara, near road to Weka Pass.
Notes: Spreading vegetatively on dry banks. For reference see FNZ (IV):
453 (as Opuntia vulgaris).
Chenopodiaceae
Atriplex rosea L.
Additional records: CHR 497415, A.J. Healy 94/49, 28 February 1994,
Canterbury, Christchurch, Addington, Old Railway workshop area near
Lowe street; CHR 497419, A.J. Healy 94/28, 18 February 1994, Canterbury, Christchurch, Addington, Main trunk line; CHR 497428, A.J. Healy
94/80a, 29 March 1994, Canterbury, Christchurch, Addington, west of
Matipo Street crossing; CHR 497429, A.J. Healy 94/80b, 29 March 1994,
Canterbury, Christchurch, Addington, west of Matipo Street crossing; CHR
499627, A.J. Healy 95/42b, 6 March 1995, Canterbury, Christchurch,
Addington, east end of Middleton marshalling yards near Matipo Street
crossing, Riccarton side; CHR 499628, A.J. Healy 95/42c, 6 March 1995,
Canterbury, Christchurch, Addington, east end of Middleton marshalling
yards near Matipo Street crossing, Riccarton side; CHR 499629, A.J. Healy
95/42a, 6 March 1995, Canterbury, Christchurch, Addington, east end of
Middleton marshalling yards near Matipo Street crossing, Riccarton side;
CHR 499630, A.J. Healy 91/20A, 15 April 1991, Canterbury, Christchurch,
Linwood, Railway Reserve; CHR 499921, A.J. Healy 95/43, 23 March
1995, Canterbury, Christchurch, Linwood Railway Yards, at Wilsons Rd
crossing; CHR 499927, A.J. Healy 95/47, 21 March 1995, Canterbury,
Christchurch, Linwood Railway Yards, towards Waltham Road overbridge;
CHR 499928, A.J. Healy 95/50, 22 March 1995, Canterbury, Christchurch,
Carlyle Street, opposite Christchurch Railway Station, between railway
reserve and private property, under fence; CHR 505329, P.B. Heenan, 12
February 2000, Canterbury, Christchurch, near Moorehouse Ave, Durham
Street and Railway line intersection; CHR 509565, A.J. Healy 95/426, 6
March 1995, Canterbury, Christchurch, Riccarton, Matipo Street crossing,
Middleton marshalling yards, east end; CHR 511495, A.J. Healy 96/60, 29
April 1996, North Canterbury, Kaiapoi; CHR 529300, A.J. Healy 98/11, 26
March 1998, Canterbury, Christchurch, between Aldrins Road and buildings fronting Moorehouse Avenue; CHR 580690, A.J. Healy 02/28, 8 April
2002, Canterbury, Christchurch, Addington, between old Canterbury Sale
Yards site and Main North-South railway line, end of Lester Street.
Notes: Gravel and waste land. For reference see FNZ (IV): 520.
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
13
Chenopodium opulifolium Koch et Ziz
Additional records: CHR 196667, A.J. Healy 69/316, 2 April 1969, Det.
W.R. Sykes, April 1986, Canterbury, Christchurch, Linwood, City Council
Nursery; CHR 400585, W.R. Sykes 38A/82, 20 February 1982, Canterbury,
Lyttelton, wharf area; CHR 417216, A.J. Healy 85/3, 6 January 1985, Det:
W.R. Sykes, April 1986, Canterbury, Christchurch, Burwood; CHR 418795,
W.R. Sykes 8/84, 11 February 1984, Canterbury, Christchurch, Hornby,
Wigram Pit; CHR 490153, A.J. Healy 95/36, 10 February 1995, Canterbury, Christchurch, Riccarton, Matipo Street, Riccarton Mall; CHR 497387,
A.J. Healy 94/32, 2 February 1994, Canterbury, Christchurch, Addington,
old railway workshop; CHR 511279, A.J. Healy 96/38, 10 February 1996,
Canterbury, Christchurch, Riccarton, Matipo Street, surplus rail yard and
Tranzrail maintenance dept.
Notes: Waste land, gravel and soil heaps. For reference see FNZ (IV):
527.
Cyperaceae
Carex pallescens L.
Additional record: CHR 514751, G. Jane, 6 December 1997, Canterbury,
Pioneer Park, north of Raincliff.
Notes: Hardwood-podocarp forest. In gorge. For reference see FNZ (III):
169.
Carex sylvatica Huds.
Additional record: CHR 481273, H.D. Wilson BP1067, 13 January 1987,
Canterbury, Banks Peninsula, Waikoko Stream.
Notes: Streamside under light canopy of second growth bush. Lowland
riparian shortforest. For reference see FNZ (III): 170.
Juncaceae
Juncus inflexus L.
hard rush
Additional records: CHR 467133, A.W. Purdie, 7 April 1983, North Canterbury, Whalesback; CHR 531027, M.J.A. Simpson 7927, 11 March 1979,
Canterbury, Inland Waiau Road.
Notes: At Whalesback growing in grassy gully with Juncus gregiflorus.
Growing on road verge of Inland Waiau Rd. For reference see FNZ (III):
96.
Luzula congesta (Thuill.) Lej.
Additional records: CHR 386684, B. Molloy, 24 November 1979, Canterbury, Coopers Creek; CHR 401906, A.P. Druce, November 1985, South
Canterbury, Orari Gorge; CHR 567161, H.D. Wilson BP1501, 26 January
2001, Canterbury, Banks Peninsula, Hinewai Reserve, East Track.
Notes: Forest margins and track edges. For reference see FNZ (III):
111.
14
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
Marsileaceae
Marsilea mutica Mett.
Additional records: CHR 510668, K.A. Ford, 1 May 1996, Canterbury,
Canterbury Plains, Raddens Road, near Kaiapoi.
Notes: Spread entirely over shallow farm pond. Sporocarps found only on
plants growing at pond edge. For reference see FNZ (IV): 27.
Poaceae
Agrostis gigantea Roth
redtop
Additional record: CHR 143321, A.J. Healey 58/445, Det. E. Edgar, July
1988, Ashburton; CHR 533149, M.C. Smale, 26 January 2000, Canterbury,
Rangiora, Ashley River, true right bank.
Notes: Waste land along river in Ashburton. Locally common among willow at Ashley River. For reference see FNZ (V): 231.
Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.
Additional records: CHR 121797, A.J. Healy 59/307, 5 September 1959,
Canterbury, Christchurch, Botanic Gardens; CHR 172673, A.J. Healy &
B.E.V. Parham 66/229, 6 April 1966, Canterbury, Christchurch, Lower
Avon Road, near Wainoni Road; CHR 172674, A.J. Healy & B.E.V. Parham
66/230, 6 April 1966, Canterbury, Christchurch, Lower Avon River, near
Wainoni Road.
Notes: Roadside, drains and wasteland. CHR 172674 is variegated form.
For reference see FNZ(V): 421.
Ranunculaceae
Ranunculus muricatus L.
Additional record: CHR 508418, P.J. Garnock-Jones 1492, 4 December
1980, Canterbury, Hills SE of Lake Lyndon.
Notes: Flattish area in tall tussocks, growing between tussocks. For reference see FNZ (IV): 1022.
Rosaceae
Pyracantha crenatoserrata (Hance) Rehder
firethorn
Additional record: CHR 511268, A.J. Healy 96/23, 27 January 1996, Canterbury, Christchurch, Addington, Addington Railway Workshop; CHR
540555, P.B. Heenan, Canterbury, disused land near Addington stock
yards.
Notes: On dry stony waste land. Scattered plants of all ages over much
of the site. Spreading into abandoned land from old garden. For reference see FNZ (IV): 1099.
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
15
Solanaceae
Solanum diflorum Vell.
Jerusalem cherry
Additional records: CHR 185034, A.J. Healy 68/100, 30 March 1968,
Det. A.J. Healey, June 1975, Canterbury, Riccarton, Wainui Street; CHR
466036, A.J. Healy 87/63, 27 April 1987, Canterbury, Christchurch, Riccarton, Riccarton Bush Reserve; CHR 505692, D. Turpin, 31 May 1995,
Canterbury, Motukarara, Park Road.
Notes: Wainui St is a single specimen in crevice in concrete gutter channel. Riccarton Bush has plants of all ages common through bush. The
Motukarara specimen was spontaneous in a garden, eradicated June 1995.
For reference see FNZ (IV): 1244.
CANTERBURY CASUAL RANGE EXTENSIONS OF
TAXA FULLY NATURALISED IN NEW ZEALAND
Adiantaceae
Adiantum capillus-veneris L.
Additional record: CHR 466031, A.J. Healey 89/29, 20 November 1989,
Canterbury, Christchurch, Coronation Hospital Grounds, Cashmere.
Notes: Established on walls of drainage sump in asphalt ex. recreational
area, and covered by latticed sump cover. For reference see FNZ (IV):
29.
Agavaceae
Agave americana L.
century plant
Additional record: CHR 536759, P.B. Heenan, 8 February 2000, Canterbury, Waipara.
Notes: ‘Varegata.’ Plants establishing 5-6m away from adult plants. Spreading by root suckers. For reference see FNZ (III): 66.
Alismataceae
Alisma plantago-aquatica L.
water plantain
Additional record: CHR 525887, J. Clarke, 14 February 1965, Canterbury,
Lake Ellesmere.
Notes: Edge of lake at mouth of drain. For reference see FNZ (III): 34.
Amaryllidaceae
Amaryllis belladonna L.
Additional record: CHR 216467, W.R. Sykes 36/71, 2 March 1971, Canterbury, Lincoln, Ladbrooks Rd.
16
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
Notes: On side of ditch. Probably naturalised from a garden throw-out.
Also reported wild on Banks Peninsula by Wilson (1999) without substantiating specimen. For reference see FNZ (III): 70.
Apiaceae
Melanoselinum decipiens (Schrad. et Wendl.) Hoffm.
parsnip palm
Additional record: CHR 3992427, A.J. Healey 85/90, 12 December 1985,
Canterbury, Riccarton, Rattray St.
Notes: Spontaneous and now a garden weed. Range of seedlings and immature plants: shows very long cotyledons. Also reported wild on Banks
Peninsula by Wilson (1999) without substantiating specimen. For reference see FNZ (IV): 134.
Araliaceae
Tetrapanax papyriferus (Hook.) K. Koch
Additional record: CHR 591755, D.J. Mahon, 4 April 2007, Canterbury,
Christchurch, 453 Montreal St.
Notes: Adventive, casual. Several clumps growing out of gravel driveway/carpark. apparently suckers, although no sign of cultivated parents
remains. For reference see FNZ (IV): 147.
Asclepiadaceae
Araujia sericifera Brot.
moth plant
Additional records: CHR 439487, D.H. Percy 332, 17 May 1987, Canterbury, Christchurch, 138 Gayhurst Rd; CHR 540673, P.B. Heenan, 7 January 2001, Canterbury, Christchurch, Westmorland, 53 Ravensdale Rise;
CHR 581770, S. Brown, 10 June 2005, Canterbury, Christchurch, 32 Hoon
Hay Rd.
Notes: Each record is of a single plant, spontaneous in a garden situation. The Westmorland specimen survived over two winters, while the
Hoon Hay Rd specimen survived seven years and produced seed pods.
For reference see FNZ (IV): 148.
Asparagaceae
Asparagus scandens Thunb.
climbing asparagus
Additional records: CHR 496486, H.D. Wilson BP537, 16 January 1985,
Det. D. Banks, June 1995, Canterbury, Banks Peninsula, Barrys Bay Valley
Road, near sea level; CHR 572686, W. Harris, 26 April 2004, Canterbury,
Akaroa Domain (Garden of Tane).
Notes: Under native second growth trees. Akaroa occurrence grubbed
out. For reference see FNZ (III): 52.
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
17
Asparagus setaceus (Kunth) Jessop
asparagus fern
Additional record: CHR 118376, A.J. Healy, 28 February 1959, Det. W.
Sykes, August 1973, Canterbury, Christchurch, Hagley Park.
Notes: Wasteland around dump. Garden outcast, persistent. For reference
see FNZ (III): 53.
Asteraceae
Chamaemelum nobile (L.) All.
chamomile
Additional record: CHR 121924, A.J. Healy, 24 April 1958, Det. C.J. Webb,
January 1985, Canterbury, Christchurch, Harewood.
Notes: Casual: appeared in seed of horticultural plants imported from
France. For reference see FNZ (IV): 165.
Cynara scolymus L.
Additional record: CHR 468175, R. Mason 13373, 4 February 1978, Det.
B.H. Macmillan, October 1990, Canterbury, Gore Bay district.
Notes: For reference see FNZ (IV): 313.
Eupatorium cannabinum L.
Additional records: CHR 567256, D. Barwick, 7 April 2003, Canterbury,
Christchurch, Christchurch Botanic Gardens; CHR 570953, D. Banks,
March 2004, Canterbury, Christchurch, Travis Swamp; CHR 572696, D.
Banks, 29 January 2004, Canterbury, Christchurch, Travis Swamp.
Notes: Casual naturalisation at Botanic Gardens. Garden shrubbery, seedlings and young plants near adult plants. At Travis Swamp growing in
manuka area, status unclear. For reference see FNZ (IV): 204; NZJB 37
(4): 630.
Gamochaeta coarctata (Willd.) Kerg.
Additional record: CHR 512196, H. Nielsen 10118, 12 December 1994,
Det. D.N. Redmond, January 2007, Canterbury, Rakaia River Mouth.
Notes: Riverbed. For reference see FNZ (IV): 238.
Gamochaeta purpurea (L.) Cabrera
Additional record: CHR 10450, H.H. Allan, January 1919, Det. K.A. Ford,
1998, Eastern South Island, Ashburton.
Notes: Grassland. For reference see FNZ (IV): 239 as Gnaphalium purpureum var. purpureum.
Lactuca virosa L.
Additional record: CHR 513100, T. Connor, February 1996, Canterbury,
Waikari, opposite hotel.
Notes: Roadside. For reference see FNZ (IV): 336.
18
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
Roldana petasitis (DC.) H. Rob. & Brettell
velvet groundsel
Additional record: CHR 464854, F. Begg, 13 July 1989, Canterbury,
Christchurch, Balmoral Hill.
Notes: Wild in garden flowerbed. Stem c.1m tall. For reference see FNZ
(IV): 275 as Senecio petasitis.
Begoniaceae
Begonia Semperflorens–Cultorum hybrids
Additional records: CHR 437574, W.R. Sykes 58/86, 23 April 1986,
Canterbury, Christchurch, Riccarton Road, near Kirkwood Intermediate
School; CHR 570991, H. Greenep, 16 February 2004, Canterbury, Lincoln,
Landcare on Gerald Street.
Notes: Casual records. Kirkwood Intermediate occurrence in waste place
amongst mortar and concrete remains of old garden and house site. Lincoln occurence self—seeded in ditch. For reference see FNZ (IV): 354.
Berberidaceae
Berberis soulieana Schneider
Additional record: CHR 494554, G.J. Kerr, 16 October 1991, South Canterbury, South of Fairlie, “Strathconan.”
Notes: Escaped from planting around tennis court. For reference see FNZ
(IV): 356.
Bignoniaceae
Pandorea pandorana (Andrews) Steenis
wonga wonga vine
Additional record: CHR 479626, H.D. Wilson BP1198, 12 November 1986,
Canterbury, Banks Peninsula, Hilltop Road above Barry’s Bay.
Notes: On high loess bank topped with känuka, above road. Small sprawling clump, only about 15cm high and 35cm diameter, but flowering
abundantly. Does not appear to have been planted. For reference see
FNZ (IV): 365.
Brassicaceae
Erysimum cheiranthoides L.
treacle mustard
Additional record: CHR 517943, W.R. Sykes 479/97, 20 December 1997,
Canterbury, Christchurch, Patten Street.
Notes: Probably annual. Possibly spontaneous although originally cultivated. For reference see FNZ (IV): 422.
Lepidium densiflorum Schrader
miners cress
Additional record: CHR 499631, A.J. Healy 91/21, 15 April 1991, Canterbury, Christchurch, Linwood, Railway Reserve.
Notes: Small patch in waste land. For reference see FNZ (IV): 430.
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
19
Caprifoliaceae
Lonicera periclymenum L.
English honeysuckle
Additional records: CHR 479004, W.R. Sykes 4/92, 3 January 1992, Canterbury, near Birdlings Flat; CHR 574172, B.E.V. Parham 10428, 7 February 1967, Canterbury, Riccarton.
Notes: Birdlings flat occurrence on old sand dunes, amongst grass. At
Riccarton growing in empty section, garden escape. For reference see
FNZ (IV): 468.
Clusiaceae
Hypericum henryi A. Lev. et Vaniot subsp. henryi
Additional record: CHR 541824, D. Rooney, February 2001, South Canterbury, N.W. of Geraldine, Te Moana Gorge.
Notes: For reference see FNZ (IV): 540.
Cyperaceae
Carex vulpinoidea Michx.
Additional record: CHR 542690, K. McCombs, 21 December 1999, Canterbury, Christchurch, Clearwater Resort (near the Groynes).
Notes: For reference see FNZ (III): 160.
Cyperus albostriatus Schrad.
Additional records: CHR 461159, A.J. Healy 88/16, 23 February 1988,
Canterbury, Christchurch, Riccarton; CHR 572930, R.S. Wynn-Williams
28/2/3, 15 March 1971, Canterbury, Timaru.
Notes: At Riccarton occasional clumps in bulldozed wasteland. For reference see FNZ (III): 184.
Dryopteridaceae
Cyrtomium falcatum (L. f.) C. Presl
holly fern
Additional record: CHR 421291, G.P. Paltridge, 27 June 1986, Canterbury,
Christchurch, Heathcote dump (dumped).
Notes: Found in refuse from a private garden, had been cultivated. Fully
naturalised in the northern North Island, this is a single casual record
for Canterbury. For reference see FNZ (IV): 18.
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbia amygdaloides L.
Additional record: CHR 536768, P. Heenan, 20 January 2000, Canterbury,
Christchurch, Westmorland, 53 Ravensdale Rise.
20
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
Notes: Garden, amongst cultivated plants. Numerous plants self—seeding
from original plant, spreading onto a nearby dry bank. For reference see
NZJB 33 (2): 164.
Fabaceae
Acacia floribunda Vent.
gossamer wattle
Additional records: CHR 497404, A.J. Healy 94/48, 28 February 1994,
Canterbury, Christchurch, Addington, Railways workshop site; CHR
511755, W.R. Sykes 456/96, 8 October 1996, Canterbury, Christchurch,
Addington, old Railway yard.
Notes: Stony dry wasteland in corner near junction of Foster and Lowe
Sts. Several colonies of seedlings have arisen from 2 small originally
planted trees. Cracks in old concrete platforms. A number of plants regenerating from nearby planted parents. For reference see FNZ (IV): 706
as Racosperma floribundum.
Acacia paradoxa DC.
Additional record: CHR 483972, W.R. Sykes 300/93, 2 November 1993,
Canterbury, Banks Peninsula, Charteris Bay, Orton Bradley Estate.
Notes: Scrub around old plantation margin, presumably adventive. For
reference see FNZ (IV): 709 as Racosperma paradoxum.
Trifolium hirtum All.
rose clover
Additional record: CHR 325216, J.G. White, 20 November 1979, Canterbury, Courtney.
Notes: On old Waimakariri River flats. Contaminate of seed from Australia.
For reference see FNZ (IV): 686, which lists one known site only, roadside in Bay View, Hawke’s Bay. This record was presumably considered
casual by Webb et al. (1988).
Wisteria sinensis (Sims) Sweet
Additional record: CHR 437387, W.R. Sykes, 19 March 1987, Canterbury,
Christchurch, Riccarton Road, near Kirkwood Intermediate School.
Notes: Waste area, originally a dwelling site but bulldozed over. A number
of woody plants, originating from cultivated vine, now on level, open
ground and spreading by underground roots or layers. For reference see
FNZ (IV): 686.
Iridaceae
Iris spuria L.
Additional records: CHR 309887, A.J. Healy, B.E.V. Parham, 10 February,
1966, North Canterbury, Tuahiwi; CHR 473657, W.R. Sykes 252/90, 2
December 1990, Canterbury, Banks Peninsula, Charteris Bay; CHR 474622,
W.R. Sykes, 11 October 1991, North Canterbury, Tuahiwi (apparently
grown on from collection of CHR 309887).
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
21
Notes: In horse paddock at Tuahiwi and roadside ditch at Charteris Bay.
For reference see FNZ (III): 130.
Romulea rosea (L.) Ecklon
onion grass
Additional record: CHR 466489, W.R. Sykes 612, 8 December 1989, Canterbury, Christchurch, 188 Peterborough Street.
Notes: Clay bank with clumps of introduced bulbous adventives. For reference see FNZ (III): 132.
Sparaxis tricolor (Schneev.) Ker Gawl.
Additional record: CHR 494662, A.J. Healy 90/32, 27 October 1990, Canterbury, Christchurch, Riccarton, Riccarton House grounds.
Notes: Several colonies established in Allium triquetrum, Iris foetidissima and Ranunculus ficaria bank. For reference see FNZ (III): 136.
Juncaceae
Juncus fockei Buchenau
Additional record: CHR 494742, K. McCombs, 28 April 1993, Canterbury,
Englefield Reserve.
Notes: Riparian. Status unclear. For reference see FNZ (III): 103.
Lamiaceae
Leonurus cardiaca L.
motherwort
Additional records: CHR 461168, D. Rooney, 29 November 1988, Canterbury, Hororata.; CHR 565542, J. Holland, 6 March 2003, Canterbury,
Leeston, 31 Flannery Street.
Notes: Adventive in gardens. For reference see FNZ (IV): 775.
Malvaceae
Malva moschata L.
musk mallow
Additional records: CHR 581754, M.G. Macale, 1946, Canterbury, Lincoln
College; CHR 490145, A.J. Healy 95/13, 12 January 1995, Canterbury,
Christchurch, Colombo Street near Bealey Avenue, site of demolished
Saint Mary’s Covent School.
Notes: In vegetable garden at Lincoln. Bealey Ave occurrence is f. alba,
growing in waste land. For reference see FNZ (IV): 831.
Oleaceae
Fraxinus ornus L.
Additional records: CHR 518492, C.D. Meurk, 1 November 1998, Canterbury, Christchurch, Burnside, Wayside Drive; CHR 574302, A.M. Don-
22
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
nelly, 8 April 2005, Canterbury, Christchurch, Botanic Gardens, by carpark NW area.
Notes: At Burnside, seedlings and saplings up to 50m away in adjacent
gardens, very dense young seedlings within 10m of parent. At the Botanic
Gardens a single seedling was growing amongst a native border, bark
surface. For reference see NZJB 33 (2): 172; NZJB 37 (4): 641.
Ligustrum sinense Lour.
Chinese privet
Additional record: CHR 234959, A.J. Healy 75/60, 18 February 1975,
Canterbury, Riccarton, Matipo Street.
Notes: In crack in concrete gutter channel. For reference see FNZ (IV):
880.
Syringa vulgaris L.
lilac
Additional record: CHR 477917, R.P. Buxton, 20 October 1991, Canterbury, Banks Peninsula, Port Levy.
Notes: Steep grassy bank below road. Probably naturalised from garden
rubbish. For reference see FNZ (IV): 882.
Oxalidaceae
Oxalis hirta L.
hairy oxalis
Additional record: CHR 574148, C.D. Whatman, 21 July 1969, Canterbury,
Ashburton, Pages Rd.
Notes: Garden. For reference see FNZ (IV): 919.
Phytolaccaceae
Phytolacca americana L.
Additional record: CHR 504928, P.B. Heenan, 13 March 2000, Canterbury,
Christchurch, Christchurch Botanic Gardens.
Notes: Self—seeding in garden shrubbery (Hydrangea border). Naturalised. For reference see FNZ (IV): 940.
Poaceae
Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Muhl.
smooth summer grass
Additional records: CHR 518526, A. Blake, March 1998, Canterbury,
Christchurch, North New Brighton, 39 Leveret Place.
Notes: In lawn. For reference see FNZ (V): 541.
Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng.
Chinese pennisetum
Additional record: CHR 565540, P. Crotty, 1 April 2003, South Canterbury, Temuka, Milford-Clandeboye Road, right hand side of road heading
east.
Notes: Roadside. For reference see FNZ (V): 573.
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
23
Pennisetum setaceum (Forssk.) Chiov.
fountain grass
Additional record: CHR 541214, S. Brown, 21 July 2000, Canterbury,
Christchurch, Cashmere, Woodlau Rise.
Notes: Vacant section. For reference see FNZ (V): 578.
Phyllostachys aurea
Additional record: CHR 127483, A. J. Healey 63/99, 26 February 1963,
Det. W.R. Sykes, October 1992, Canterbury, Tai Tapu, “Otahuna.”
Notes: Clumps in shrubbery. For reference see FNZ (V): 26.
Spartina × townsendii H. Groves et J. Groves
Additional record: CHR 126810, R. Mason 9559, 4 January 1963, Canterbury, New Brighton Estuary.
Notes: Soft mud. No longer present, replaced by Spartina anglica or
eradicated. For reference see FNZ (V): 514.
Polemoniaceae
Polemonium caeruleum L.
Jacob’s ladder
Additional record: CHR 418004, W.R. Sykes 6/85, 16 January 1985, Canterbury, Christchurch, Kilmore Street.
Notes: Garden, spontaneous plants beside vegetable patch. For reference
see FNZ (IV): 961.
Polygalaceae
Polygala myrtifolia L.
sweet pea shrub
Additional record: CHR 574464, W.R. Sykes 135/00, 6 July 2000, Canterbury, Banks Peninsula, Diamond Harbour, Ashley Arnold Reserve.
Notes: Scrub of mainly adventives. Only 1 plant seen, almost certainly
spontaneous. For reference see FNZ (IV): 963.
Rumex sagittatus Thunb.
climbing dock
Additional records: CHR 399243, A.J. Healy 85/92, 12 December 1985,
Canterbury, Riccarton, Rattray Street; CHR 385669, A.J. Healy 86/10, 2
February 1986, Canterbury, Riccarton, Rattray Street; CHR 398085, A.J.
Healy 86/29, 11 May 1986, Canterbury, Christchurch, Riccarton, Rattray
Street; CHR 399216, A.J. Healy 86/1, 1 January 1986, Canterbury, Riccarton, Rattray Street.
Notes: All specimens from same site. Spontaneous in vegetable garden.
For reference see FNZ (IV): 985.
24
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
Rosaceae
Cotoneaster frigidus Lindl.
Additional records: CHR 513033, W.R. Sykes 113/96, 19 April 1996, Canterbury, Port Hills, Victoria Park; CHR 513500, W.R. Sykes 184/97, 8 May
1997, Canterbury, Banks Peninsula, Port Hills, Victoria Park.
Notes: Old shrubbery, near track, amongst taller trees. Small tree a few
metres high, crowded amongst other shrubs. Presumably spontaneous.
For reference see FNZ (IV): 1070.
Rhaphiolepis umbellata (Thunb.) Makino
sexton’s bridge
Additional record: CHR 546250, P.B. Heenan, 20 July 2001, Canterbury,
Christchurch, Durham Street.
Notes: Seedlings established around the margin of parent plants.
reference see FNZ (IV): 1102.
For
Scrophulariaceae
Euphrasia nemorosa (Pers.) Wallr.
European eyebright
Additional record: CHR 508209, H.D. Wilson BP1461, 5 February 1994,
Canterbury, Banks Peninsula, Long Bay Road, southeast of Cabstand.
Notes: Mowed grassy roadside on shady bend fringed with second-growth
native trees. For reference see FNZ (IV): 1185.
Phygelius capensis Benth. in Hook.
Cape fuchsia
Additional record: CHR 513274, W.R. Sykes 134/97, 26 February 1997,
North Canterbury, near Omihi, main road.
Notes: Adventive. In garden cypress hedge. Extending for some metres
along hedge. For reference see FNZ (IV): 1201.
Verbenaceae
Clerodendrum trichotomum Thunb.
Additional record: CHR 418803, W.R. Sykes 16/84, 18 February 1984,
Canterbury, Christchurch, Bealey Ave.
Notes: In garden driveway, adventive. Arising as sucker on other side of
shingle drive from parent. For reference see FNZ (IV): 1273.
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
25
CANTERBURY RANGE EXTENSIONS OF MINOR
AND ZETA RECORDS (CASUAL TAXA)
Aizoaceae
× Carpophyma G.Rowley
Carpobrotus aequilaterus × Disphyma australe
Additional record: CHR 215229, J.B. Moss, October 1970, Canterbury,
Christchurch, end of Linwood Ave (canal reserve).
Notes: Det. July 1998. Growing on embankment within 50yds of CHR
215229 Carpobrotus aequilaterus and CHR 215228 Disphyma australe.
Listed in Howell & Sawyer (2006) as “fully naturalised,” in error. For
reference see FNZ (IV): 95.
Apocynaceae
Mandevilla laxa (Ruiz & Pav.) Woodson
Additional record: CHR 573480, D. Barwick, 2 February 2005, Canterbury, Christchurch, Christchurch Botanic Gardens, along boundary with
Christs College.
Notes: 100 seedlings beneath parent plant covering the fence line between Christs College and Christchurch Botanic Gardens. No seedlings
had been seen prior to December 2004. Seed production and extensive
vegetative growth appear to have been assisted by hot and humid conditions of early 2005. Casual naturalisation. For reference see NZJB 40
(2): 161.
Araceae
Zantedschia albomaculata (Hook. f.) Baillon
Additional record: CHR 461160, A.J. Healy 88/3, 13 January 1988, Canterbury, Riccarton Bush.
Notes: Marginal in bush, scattered plants from tubers tossed from adjacent section. For reference see FNZ (III): 78.
Asphodelaceae
Aloe ciliaris Haw.
Additional record: CHR 483751, W.R. Sykes 160/93, 10 April 1993, Canterbury, Banks Peninsula, Diamond Harbour, beneath Te Ara Crescent
Notes: Amongst scrub on steep west-facing slope. Adventive. Originated
from garden above. For reference see Ogle 2005.
26
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
Asteraceae
Echinops ritro L.
Additional record: CHR 475235, S. Brown, 23 January 1992, Canterbury,
Rangiora.
Notes: Adventive in garden. For reference see FNZ (IV): 316.
Campanulaceae
Legousia speculum-veneris (L.) Chaix.
Additional record: CHR 519709, D. Rooney, March/April 1999, Canterbury, Hawkins Road, Hororata, D. Rooney’s garden.
Notes: Spontaneous, never cultivated. For reference see NZJB 40 (2):
162; NZJB 42 (5): 811.
Celastraceae
Euonymus pendulus Wall.
Additional records: CHR 567236, D. Barwick, P.B. Heenan, 21 July 2003,
Canterbury, Christchurch, Botanic Gardens.
Notes: Garden shrubbery, scattered seedlings underneath adult plant.
Casual naturalisation. For reference see NZJB 36 (2): 159.
Cistaceae
Cistus salvifolius L.
Additional records: CHR 481061, J. Sheppard GM52/29, 9 December
1992, Canterbury, Christchurch, Victoria Park.
Notes: Adventive. Bank near track, beneath semi-wild scrub. For reference
see FNZ (IV): 537; NZJB 36 (2): 161.
Fabaceae
Dorycnium hirsutum Sér.
Additional records: CHR 188593, W.R. Sykes 471/68, 23 December 1968,
Canterbury, Prebbleton; CHR 540662, P.B. Heenan, 12 January 2001, Canterbury, Lincoln, Landcare Research, East Block.
Notes: Spontaneous plant on cultivated ground at Prebbleton. Spreading
colony from experimental planting of dryland plants at Lincoln. For reference see NZJB 36 (2): 159.
Gleditsia triacanthos L.
Additional records: CHR 518467, P.B. Heenan, P.J. de Lange, 9 February
1999, Canterbury, Addington Stock yards.
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
27
Notes: Wasteland. Stem/leaves from a 1.5m tall sapling growing under
a 6m tall adult tree. For reference see NZJB 36 (2):159; NZJB 42 (5):
811.
Iridaceae
Lapeirousia laxa (Thunb.) N.E.Br.
Additional records: CHR 460265, P. Douglass BG76, D. Banks, 11 March
1988, Canterbury, Christchurch Botanical Gardens.
Notes: Painted petals. Growing under juniper in rock garden. For reference see FNZ (III): 119.
Magnoliaceae
Magnolia sieboldii K.Koch
Additional record: CHR 546229, P.B. Heenan, R. Edwards, 20 April 2001,
Canterbury, Lincoln, Lincoln University Gardens.
Notes: Adventive. Occasional plants established in the magnolia garden
from an established tree. For reference see NZJB 40 (2): 163.
Rosaceae
Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim. subsp. ulmaria
Additional record: CHR 586893, D.J. Mahon, 7 February 2007, Canterbury, Lees Valley, De Bourbles homestead.
Notes: Single sprawling plant, apparently growing from garden dumping
on bank with flax, Lythrum salicaria, and other weedy species. For
reference see FNZ (IV): 1079.
Spiraea × billiardii Herincq.
Additional record: CHR 537524, A. Sheperd, 6 December 2000, Canterbury, Arthur’s Pass township (village), from a hedge at the end of Sunshine Cresent.
Notes: Appears to be spreading. For reference see FNZ (IV): 1140; NZJB
40 (2): 170.
Tamaricaceae
Tamarix parviflora DC.
Additional record: CHR 98643, A.J. Healy 56/293, 31 October 1956, Det.
W.R. Sykes, January 1999, Canterbury, Ashburton River, SE of town.
Notes: River bed, waste land. Occasional plants, mixed sizes, spontaneous. For reference see FNZ (IV): 1254.
28
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
Theaceae
Camellia japonica L.
Additional record: CHR 591753, D.J. Mahon, 4 April 2007, Canterbury,
Christchurch, The Lyndhurst Hospital, 440 Montreal St.
Notes: Adventive, casual. Many “seedlings” and “saplings” amongst shrubbery apparently all suckers, despite prolific production of seed capsules on cultivated plants. For reference see NZJB 33 (2): 180; NZJB 40
(2):170.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I acknowledge Clayson Howell and John Sawyer for the use of their data,
upon which this checklist is based. Also the friendly and helpful staff of
the Allan Herbarium for their assistance and provision of data.
REFERENCES
de Lange, P.J.; Gardner, R.O.; Sykes, W.R.; Crowcroft, G.M.; Cameron, E.K.; Stalker, F.; Christian,
M.L.; Braggins, J.E. 2005: Vascular flora of Norfolk Island: some additions and taxonomic
notes. New Zealand Journal of Botany 43: 563–596.
Edgar, E.; Connor, H.E. 1999: Flora of New Zealand Volume V: Grasses. Manaaki Whenua
Press, Lincoln.
Ford, K. 1997. Lantana camara. Weed Identification News 21.
Gardner, R.O.; de Lange, P.J. 1996: Naturalised plants in New Zealand: new or noteworthy
records. Auckland Botanical Society Journal. 51: 74–71.
Healy, A.J. 2000: Adventive species new for New Zealand. New Zealand Botanical Society
Newsletter 60: 16.
Healy, A.J.; Edgar, E. 1980: Flora of New Zealand Volume III. P.D. Hasselberg, Government
Printer, Wellington.
Heenan, P.B.; Breitwieser, I.; Glenny, D.S.; de Lange, P.J.; Brownsey, P.J. 1998: Checklist of
dicotyledons and pteridophytes naturalised or casual in New Zealand: additional records
1994–1996. New Zealand Journal of Botany 36: 155–162.
Heenan, P.B.; de Lange, P.J.; Glenny, D.S.; Brietwieser, I.; Brownsey, P.J.; Ogle, C.C. 1999:
Checklist of dicotyledons, gymnosperms, and pteridophytes naturalised or casual in
New Zealand: additional records 1997–1998. New Zealand Journal of Botany 37:
629–642.
Heenan, P.B.; de Lange, P.J.; Cameron, E.K.; Champion, P.D. 2002: Checklist of dicotyledons,
gymnosperms, and pteridophytes naturalised or casual in New Zealand: additional
records 1999–2000. New Zealand Journal of Botany 40: 155–174.
Heenan, P.B.; de Lange, P. J.; Cameron, E.K.; Ogle, C.C.; Champion, P.D. 2004: Checklist of
dicotyledons, gymnosperms, and pteridophytes naturalised of casual in New Zealand:
additional records 2001–2003. New Zealand Journal of Botany 42: 797–814.
Heenan, P.B.; Fitzjohn, R.G.; Dawson, M.I. 2004: Diversity of Brassica (Brassicaceae) species
naturalised in Canterbury, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 42: 815–
832.
Howell, C.J.; Sawyer, J.W.D. 2006: New Zealand Naturalised Vascular Plant Checklist. New
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
29
Zealand Plant Conservation Network, Wellington.
Ogle, C.C. 2005: Adventive plants collected in the Wanganui Conservancy of the New Zealand
Department of Conservation, 1988 – present. Department of Conservation.
Perrie, L.R.; Shepherd, L.D.; Brownsey, P.J. 2005: Asplenium × lucrosum nothsp. nov.: a sterile
hybrid widely and erroneously cultivated as “Asplenium bulbiferum”. Plant Systematics
and Evolution 250: 243–257.
Sykes, W.R. 2004: Two New Adventive reports. New Zealand Botanical Society Newsletter
75: 13–14.
Sykes, W.R. 2005: Notes on Euphorbia and Crassula with a revised key to the latter wild in
New Zealand. New Zealand Botanical Society Newsletter 79: 8–16.
Webb, C.J.; Sykes, W.R.; Garnock-Jones, P.J. 1988: Flora of New Zealand Volume IV: Naturalised
Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, Dicotyledons. Botany Division, D.S.I.R., Christchurch.
Webb, C.J.; Sykes, W.R.; Garnock-Jones, P.J.; Brownsey, P.J. 1995: Checklist of dicotyledons,
gymnosperms, and pteridophytes naturalised or casual in New Zealand: additional
records 1988–1993. New Zealand Journal of Botany 33: 151–182.
Wilson, H.D. 1999: Naturalised Vascular Plants on Banks Peninsula. Canterbury Botanical Society,
Christchurch.
30
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
CANTERBURY NATURALISED VASCULAR PLANT
CHECKLIST
TAXON NAME
FAMILY
GROWTH
FORM (1)
SOURCES
NATURALISED
STATUS IN
CANTERBURY
NOTES
(2)
×Agropogon littoralis
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 242
Fully naturalised
×Schedolium holmbergii
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 206 as ×Schedololium
holmbergii; CHR 83358
Fully naturalised
Abies grandis
Pinaceae
GY
NZJB 33 (2): 154; NZJB 37 (4):
638
Fully naturalised
Abies nordmanniana
Pinaceae
GY
FNZ (IV): 47; NZJB 40 (2): 170
Fully naturalised
Abutilon theophrasti
Malvaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 823
Fully naturalised
Acacia baileyana
Fabaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 704 as Racosperma
baileyanum
Fully naturalised
Acacia dealbata
Fabaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 705 as Racospermum
dealbatum
Fully naturalised
Acacia elata
Fabaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 706 as Racosperma
elatum
Fully naturalised
Acacia floribunda
Fabaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 706 as Racosperma
floribundum; q.v.: 21
Casual
Acacia mearnsii
Fabaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 707 as Racosperma
mearnsii
Fully naturalised
Acacia melanoxylon
Fabaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 708 as Racosperma
melanoxylon
Fully naturalised
Acacia paradoxa
Fabaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 709 as Racosperma
paradoxum; q.v.: 21
Casual
Acacia pravissima
Fabaceae
DT
NZJB 40 (2): 162; NZJB 42 (5):
811
Casual
Acacia verticillata
Fabaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 709 as Racosperma
verticillatum
Fully naturalised
Acaena agnipila var.
aequispina
Rosaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1056
Fully naturalised
Acaena agnipila var.
protenta
Rosaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1056
Fully naturalised
Acaena agnipila var.
tenuispica
Rosaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1058
Fully naturalised
Acanthus mollis
Acanthaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 87; CHR 153084
Fully naturalised
Acer cappadocicum
Aceraceae
DT
NZJB 40 (2): 160
Casual
Acer negundo var. negundo
Aceraceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 89
Fully naturalised
Acer pseudoplatanus
Aceraceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 89; CHR 51030
Fully naturalised
Achillea filipendulina
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 156
Casual
Achillea millefolium
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 156
Fully naturalised
Achillea nobilis
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 156
Casual
O
Achnatherum caudatum
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 65
Fully naturalised
O
Acinos arvensis
Lamiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 765
Fully naturalised
Aconitum napellus
Ranunculaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1002
Casual
F
F
O
O
O
(1)
DC: Dicotyledonous herbs - composites; DL: Dicotyledonous lianes; DT: Dicotyledonous trees and shrubs; FE: Ferns;
GY: Gymnosperm trees and shrubs; L: Lycophytes; MG: Monocotyledonous herbs - grasses; ML: Monocotyledonous Lianes;
MO: Monocotyledonous herbs - orchids; MR: Monocotyledonous herbs - rushes; MS: Monocotyledonous herbs - sedges; MT:
Monocotyledonous trees and shrubs; OD: Dicotyledonous herbs - other than composites; OM: Monocotyledonous herbs - other
than orchids, grasses, sedges, rushes. (2) F: Fully naturalised in New Zealand; O: Occurs only in Canterbury.
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
31
TAXON NAME
FAMILY
GROWTH
FORM (1)
SOURCES
NATURALISED
STATUS IN
CANTERBURY
DL
FNZ (IV): 90
Fully naturalised
NOTES
(2)
Actinidia deliciosa
Actinidiaceae
Adiantum capillus-veneris
Adiantaceae
FE
FNZ (IV): 29; q.v.: 16
Casual
Aegopodium podagraria
Apiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 115
Fully naturalised
Aeonium × floribundum
Crassulaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 563; NZJB 36 (2):
161; NZJB 40 (2): 168
Casual
Aeonium × velutinum
Crassulaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 568
Fully naturalised
Aeonium arboreum
Crassulaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 564
Fully naturalised
Aeonium haworthii
Crassulaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 564
Fully naturalised
Aeonium haworthii hybrids
Crassulaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 565
Fully naturalised
Aeonium undulatum
Crassulaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 566
Fully naturalised
Aesculus hippocastanum
Hippocastanaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 756
Fully naturalised
Agapanthus praecox subsp.
orientalis
Alliaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 47 as Agapanthus
orientalis
Fully naturalised
Agastache foeniculum
Lamiaceae
OD
NZJB 42 (5): 807
Casual
O
Agave americana
Agavaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 66; q.v.: 16
Casual
F
Agrostemma githago
Caryophyllaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 476; NZJB 37 (4): 639
Casual
Agrostis capillaris
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 227; CHR 437804
Fully naturalised
Agrostis castellana
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 228
Fully naturalised
Agrostis gigantea
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 231; q.v.: 15
Fully naturalised
Agrostis stolonifera
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 240; CHR 468887
Fully naturalised
Ailanthus altissima
Simaroubaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1215
Fully naturalised
Aira caryophyllea subsp.
caryophyllea
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 295; CHR 437157
Fully naturalised
Aira elegans
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 295
Fully naturalised
Aira praecox
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 296
Fully naturalised
Ajuga reptans
Lamiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 766; CHR 254699
Fully naturalised
Akebia quinata
Lardizabalaceae
DL
FNZ (IV): 800
Fully naturalised
Alcea rosea
Malvaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 825; NZJB 40 (2):172
Fully naturalised
Alchemilla gracilis
Rosaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1064
Fully naturalised
F
O
O
O
O
Alisma lanceolatum
Alismataceae
OM
FNZ (III): 33
Fully naturalised
Alisma plantago-aquatica
Alismataceae
OM
FNZ (III): 34; q.v.: 16
Casual
F
Alliaria petiolata
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 399
Casual
O
Allium cepa
Alliaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 48; CHR 123117
Casual
Allium neapolitanum
Alliaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 48
Fully naturalised
Allium roseum subsp.
bulbiferum
Alliaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 49
Fully naturalised
Allium triquetrum
Alliaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 49
Fully naturalised
Alnus glutinosa
Betulaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 360; CHR 540533
Fully naturalised
Alnus viridis
Betulaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 360; CHR 518456
Fully naturalised
Aloe ciliaris
Asphodelaceae
OM
Ogle 2005; q.v.: 26
Casual
Aloe maculata
Asphodelaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 51 as Aloe saponaria
Fully naturalised
Alopecurus aequalis
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 243; CHR 9554
Fully naturalised
(1)
DC: Dicotyledonous herbs - composites; DL: Dicotyledonous lianes; DT: Dicotyledonous trees and shrubs; FE: Ferns;
GY: Gymnosperm trees and shrubs; L: Lycophytes; MG: Monocotyledonous herbs - grasses; ML: Monocotyledonous Lianes;
MO: Monocotyledonous herbs - orchids; MR: Monocotyledonous herbs - rushes; MS: Monocotyledonous herbs - sedges; MT:
Monocotyledonous trees and shrubs; OD: Dicotyledonous herbs - other than composites; OM: Monocotyledonous herbs - other
than orchids, grasses, sedges, rushes. (2) F: Fully naturalised in New Zealand; O: Occurs only in Canterbury.
32
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
TAXON NAME
FAMILY
GROWTH
FORM (1)
SOURCES
NATURALISED
STATUS IN
CANTERBURY
Alopecurus geniculatus
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 244; CHR 420902
Fully naturalised
Alopecurus myosuroides
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 245
Casual
Alopecurus pratensis
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 244
Fully naturalised
Alstroemeria aurea
Alstroemeriaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 63 as Alstroemeria
aurantiaca
Fully naturalised
Alyssum alyssoides
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 400
Fully naturalised
Amaranthus albus
Amaranthaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 103
Fully naturalised
Amaranthus caudatus
Amaranthaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 103
Fully naturalised
Amaranthus cruentus
Amaranthaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 104
Fully naturalised
Amaranthus deflexus
Amaranthaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 104
Fully naturalised
Amaranthus graecizans
Amaranthaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 105
Fully naturalised
Amaranthus hybridus var.
erythrostachys
Amaranthaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 106; CHR 472573
Fully naturalised
Amaranthus lividus
Amaranthaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 106; CHR 494565
Fully naturalised
Amaranthus powellii
Amaranthaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 107; CHR 479761
Fully naturalised
Amaranthus retroflexus
Amaranthaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 107; CHR 439460
Fully naturalised
Amaryllis belladonna
Amaryllidaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 70; q.v.: 16
Casual*
Ambrosia artemisiifolia
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 209
Fully naturalised
Amelanchier lamarckii
Rosaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1052; NZJB 36 (2):
162; NZJB 37 (4): 641
Casual
Ammi majus
Apiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 116
Fully naturalised
Ammobium alatum
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 231
Casual
Ammophila arenaria
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 246
Fully naturalised
Amsinckia calycina
Boraginaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 369
Fully naturalised
Anagallis arvensis subsp.
arvensis var. arvensis
Primulaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 993; CHR 217899
Fully naturalised
Anagallis arvensis subsp.
arvensis var. coerulea
Primulaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 993
Fully naturalised
Anchusa barrelieri
Boraginaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 370
Fully naturalised
Anemone × hybrida
Ranunculaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1003
Fully naturalised
Angelica pachycarpa
Apiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 117
Fully naturalised
Anredera cordifolia
Basellaceae
DL
FNZ (IV): 352
Fully naturalised
Anthemis arvensis
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 158
Fully naturalised
Anthemis cotula
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 158
Fully naturalised
Anthemis punctata subsp.
cupaniana
Asteraceae
DC
NZJB 33 (2): 156
Casual
Anthemis tinctoria
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 158; NZJB 36 (2):
161; NZJB 37 (4): 638
Casual
Anthoxanthum aristatum
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 339
Fully naturalised
Anthoxanthum odoratum
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 340; CHR 420910
Fully naturalised
Anthriscus caucalis
Apiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 117
Fully naturalised
NOTES
(2)
O
F
O
O
O
* Reported wild on Banks Peninsula by Wilson (1999).
(1) DC: Dicotyledonous herbs - composites; DL: Dicotyledonous lianes; DT: Dicotyledonous trees and shrubs; FE: Ferns;
GY: Gymnosperm trees and shrubs; L: Lycophytes; MG: Monocotyledonous herbs - grasses; ML: Monocotyledonous Lianes;
MO: Monocotyledonous herbs - orchids; MR: Monocotyledonous herbs - rushes; MS: Monocotyledonous herbs - sedges; MT:
Monocotyledonous trees and shrubs; OD: Dicotyledonous herbs - other than composites; OM: Monocotyledonous herbs - other
than orchids, grasses, sedges, rushes. (2) F: Fully naturalised in New Zealand; O: Occurs only in Canterbury.
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
33
TAXON NAME
FAMILY
GROWTH
FORM (1)
SOURCES
NATURALISED
STATUS IN
CANTERBURY
NOTES
(2)
Anthyllis vulneraria
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 641
Casual
Antirrhinum majus
Scrophulariaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1179
Fully naturalised
Antirrhinum orontium
Scrophulariaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1180; CHR 494568
Fully naturalised
Aphanes arvensis
Rosaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1066
Fully naturalised
Aphanes australiana
Rosaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1066
Fully naturalised
Aphanes inexspectata
Rosaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1067; CHR 482799
Fully naturalised
Apium graveolens
Apiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 119
Fully naturalised
Aponogeton distachyus
Aponogetonaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 34
Fully naturalised
Aptenia cordifolia
Aizoaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 93
Fully naturalised
Aquilegia vulgaris
Ranunculaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1004
Fully naturalised
Arabidopsis thaliana
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 401
Fully naturalised
Aralia californica
Araliaceae
OD
NZJB 42 (5): 803
Casual
O
Araujia sericifera
Asclepiadaceae
DL
FNZ (IV): 148; q.v.: 17
Casual
F
Arbutus unedo
Ericaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 607; CHR 473428
Fully naturalised
Arctium lappa
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 297
Fully naturalised
Arctium minus subsp.
minus
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 298
Fully naturalised
Arctium minus subsp.
pubens
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 298
Casual
Arctotheca calendula
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 292
Fully naturalised
Arctotis stoechadifolia
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 293
Fully naturalised
Arenaria serpyllifolia
Caryophyllaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 476
Fully naturalised
Argemone ochroleuca
Papaveraceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 927
Fully naturalised
Argyranthemum frutescens
Asteraceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 161
Fully naturalised
Armeria alliacea
Plumbaginaceae
OD
NZJB 36 (2): 160
Casual
O
Armoracia rusticana
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 402; CHR 83294
Fully naturalised
Arrhenatherum elatius
subsp. bulbosum
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 301; CHR 5060
Fully naturalised
Arrhenatherum elatius
subsp. elatius
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 300; CHR 254734
Fully naturalised
Artemisia absinthium
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 162
Fully naturalised
Artemisia verlotiorum
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 163
Fully naturalised
Arum italicum
Araceae
OM
FNZ (III): 76
Fully naturalised
Arundo donax
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 419; CHR 417213
Fully naturalised
Asparagus asparagoides
Asparagaceae
ML
FNZ (III): 51
Fully naturalised
Asparagus officinalis
Asparagaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 52
Fully naturalised
Asparagus scandens
Asparagaceae
ML
FNZ (III): 52; q.v.: 17
Casual
F
Asparagus setaceus
Asparagaceae
ML
FNZ (III): 53; q.v.: 18
Casual
F
Asperula orientalis
Rubiaceae
OD
NZJB 40 (2): 166
Casual
O
Asphodelus fistulosus
Asphodelaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 53; q.v.: 11
Fully naturalised
Aster amellus
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 179
Casual
Aster lanceolatus
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 179
Fully naturalised
(1)
O
DC: Dicotyledonous herbs - composites; DL: Dicotyledonous lianes; DT: Dicotyledonous trees and shrubs; FE: Ferns;
GY: Gymnosperm trees and shrubs; L: Lycophytes; MG: Monocotyledonous herbs - grasses; ML: Monocotyledonous Lianes;
MO: Monocotyledonous herbs - orchids; MR: Monocotyledonous herbs - rushes; MS: Monocotyledonous herbs - sedges; MT:
Monocotyledonous trees and shrubs; OD: Dicotyledonous herbs - other than composites; OM: Monocotyledonous herbs - other
than orchids, grasses, sedges, rushes. (2) F: Fully naturalised in New Zealand; O: Occurs only in Canterbury.
34
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
TAXON NAME
FAMILY
GROWTH
FORM (1)
SOURCES
NATURALISED
STATUS IN
CANTERBURY
NOTES
(2)
Aster novi-belgii hybrids
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 180; CHR 437572
Fully naturalised
Aster subulatus
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 181; q.v.: 11
Fully naturalised
Athyrium filix-femina
Dryopteridaceae
FE
FNZ (IV): 16
Fully naturalised
Atriplex hortensis
Chenopodiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 518
Fully naturalised
Atriplex patula
Chenopodiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 519; CHR 572801
Fully naturalised
Atriplex prostrata
Chenopodiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 519; CHR 466926
Fully naturalised
Atriplex rosea
Chenopodiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 520; q.v.: 13
Fully naturalised
Atropa bella-donna
Solanaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1217
Fully naturalised
O
Aucuba japonica
Aucubaceae
DT
NZJB 40 (2): 162
Casual
O
Austrostipa bigeniculata
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 71
Fully naturalised
O
Austrostipa flavescens
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 72
Fully naturalised
O
Austrostipa nodosa
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 74
Fully naturalised
Austrostipa scabra
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 76
Fully naturalised
Austrostipa stuposa
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 78
Fully naturalised
O
Avena byzantina
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 306
Casual
O
Avena fatua
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 303
Fully naturalised
Avena sativa
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 304; CHR 172539
Fully naturalised
Avena sterillis subsp.
ludoviciana
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 305
Fully naturalised
Avena strigosa
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 306
Fully naturalised
Azara microphylla
Flacourtiaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 714
Fully naturalised
Baccharis halimifolia
Asteraceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 182
Fully naturalised
Barbarea intermedia
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 403
Fully naturalised
Barbarea stricta
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 403
Fully naturalised
Barbarea verna
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 403
Fully naturalised
Barbarea vulgaris
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 404
Fully naturalised
Begonia SemperflorensCultorum hybrids
Begoniaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 354; q.v.: 19
Casual
Bellis perennis
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 182; CHR 495185
Fully naturalised
Berberis darwinii
Berberidaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 355
Fully naturalised
Berberis glaucocarpa
Berberidaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 356
Fully naturalised
Berberis soulieana
Berberidaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 356; q.v.: 19
Casual
Berberis vulgaris
Berberidaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 357
Fully naturalised
Berberis wilsonae
Berberidaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 357
Fully naturalised
Beta vulgaris subsp.
vulgaris
Chenopodiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 521; CHR 91486
Fully naturalised
Betula pendula
Betulaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 361; CHR 477881
Fully naturalised
Bidens frondosa
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 210
Fully naturalised
Bomarea caldasii
Alstroemeriaceae
ML
FNZ (III): 62 as Bomarea
multiflora; q.v.: 11
Fully naturalised
Borago officinalis
Boraginaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 370; CHR 479640
Fully naturalised
O
O
F
F
(1)
DC: Dicotyledonous herbs - composites; DL: Dicotyledonous lianes; DT: Dicotyledonous trees and shrubs; FE: Ferns;
GY: Gymnosperm trees and shrubs; L: Lycophytes; MG: Monocotyledonous herbs - grasses; ML: Monocotyledonous Lianes;
MO: Monocotyledonous herbs - orchids; MR: Monocotyledonous herbs - rushes; MS: Monocotyledonous herbs - sedges; MT:
Monocotyledonous trees and shrubs; OD: Dicotyledonous herbs - other than composites; OM: Monocotyledonous herbs - other
than orchids, grasses, sedges, rushes. (2) F: Fully naturalised in New Zealand; O: Occurs only in Canterbury.
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
35
TAXON NAME
FAMILY
GROWTH
FORM (1)
SOURCES
NATURALISED
STATUS IN
CANTERBURY
NOTES
(2)
Brassica juncea var. juncea
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 405 as Brassica
juncea; NZJB 42 (4): 822
Fully naturalised
Brassica napus × B. rapa
Brassicaceae
OD
NZJB 42 (4): 827
Casual
O
Brassica napus var.
napobrassica
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 406 as Brassica
napus; NZJB 42 (4): 824
Casual
O
Brassica napus var. napus
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 406 as Brassica
napus; NZJB 42 (4): 824
Fully naturalised
Brassica nigra
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 406
Casual*
Brassica oleracea var.
acephala
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 406 as Brassica
oleracea subsp. oleracea; NZJB
42 (4): 825
Fully naturalised
Brassica oleracea var.
gongylodes
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 406 as Brassica
oleracea subsp. oleracea; NZJB
42 (4): 825
Casual
Brassica rapa var. chinensis
Brassicaceae
OD
NZJB 33 (2): 159 as Brassica
rapa subsp. chinensis; NZJB 42
(4): 825
Fully naturalised
Brassica rapa var. chinensis
× B. rapa var. oleifera
Brassicaceae
OD
NZJB 42 (4): 827
Casual
O
Brassica rapa var. glabra
Brassicaceae
OD
NZJB 42 (4): 826
Fully naturalised
O
Brassica rapa var. oleifera
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 407 as Brassica rapa
subsp. sylvestris; NZJB 42 (4):
826
Fully naturalised
Brassica rapa var. rapa
Brassicaceae
OD
NZJB 42 (4): 826
Fully naturalised
O
Brassica rapa var. rapa × B.
rapa var. glabra
Brassicaceae
OD
NZJB 42 (4): 826
Fully naturalised
O
Brassica tournefortii
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 408
Fully naturalised
Briza maxima
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 88
Fully naturalised
Briza media
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 89
Fully naturalised
Briza minor
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 90; CHR 479528
Fully naturalised
Bromus brevis
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 360
Fully naturalised
Bromus commutatus
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 361
Fully naturalised
Bromus diandrus
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 362; CHR 512121
Fully naturalised
Bromus hordeaceus
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 363; CHR 482723
Fully naturalised
Bromus lithobius
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 364
Fully naturalised
Bromus racemosus
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 366
Fully naturalised
Bromus secalinus
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 372
Casual
O
Bromus sitchensis
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 366
Fully naturalised
O
Bromus stamineus
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 367
Fully naturalised
Bromus sterilis
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 368; CHR 567160
Fully naturalised
Bromus tectorum
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 368
Fully naturalised
Bromus valdivianus
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 369
Fully naturalised
Bromus willdenowii
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 370; CHR 494647
Fully naturalised
O
O
*As “fully naturalised” in Howell & Sawyer (2006) in error.
(1) DC: Dicotyledonous herbs - composites; DL: Dicotyledonous lianes; DT: Dicotyledonous trees and shrubs; FE: Ferns;
GY: Gymnosperm trees and shrubs; L: Lycophytes; MG: Monocotyledonous herbs - grasses; ML: Monocotyledonous Lianes;
MO: Monocotyledonous herbs - orchids; MR: Monocotyledonous herbs - rushes; MS: Monocotyledonous herbs - sedges; MT:
Monocotyledonous trees and shrubs; OD: Dicotyledonous herbs - other than composites; OM: Monocotyledonous herbs - other
than orchids, grasses, sedges, rushes. (2) F: Fully naturalised in New Zealand; O: Occurs only in Canterbury.
36
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
TAXON NAME
FAMILY
GROWTH
FORM (1)
SOURCES
NATURALISED
STATUS IN
CANTERBURY
NOTES
(2)
Buddleja davidii
Buddlejaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 448; CHR 497660
Fully naturalised
Bulbine semibarbata
Asphodelaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 47 as Bulbinopsis
semibarbata
Casual
Bupleurum subovatum
Apiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 121
Fully naturalised
Bupleurum tenuissimum
Apiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 121
Fully naturalised
O
Buxus microphylla subsp.
sinica
Buxaceae
DT
NZJB 42 (5): 805
Casual
O
Buxus sempervirens
Buxaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 451
Fully naturalised
Cakile edentula var.
edentula
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 409; CHR 439041
Fully naturalised
Calandrinia compressa
Portulacaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 988
Fully naturalised
Calandrinia menziesii
Portulacaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 989
Fully naturalised
Calendula officinalis
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 200
Fully naturalised
Callistephus chinensis
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 186
Fully naturalised
Callitriche stagnalis
Callitrichaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 455; CHR 418504
Fully naturalised
Calluna vulgaris
Ericaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 607
Fully naturalised
Calotis lappulacea
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 187
Fully naturalised
Caltha palustris
Ranunculaceae
OD
NZJB 40 (2): 166
Casual
Calystegia silvatica
Convolvulaceae
DL
FNZ (IV): 549
Fully naturalised
Camelina alyssum
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 410
Fully naturalised
Camellia japonica
Theaceae
DT
NZJB 33 (2): 180; NZJB 40
(2):170; q.v.: 29
Casual
Campanula medium
Campanulaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 458
Fully naturalised
Campanula poscharskyana
Campanulaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 460
Fully naturalised
Campanula rapunculoides
Campanulaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 460; CHR 533136
Fully naturalised
Campanula rotundifolia
Campanulaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 460
Fully naturalised
Campsis × tagliabuana
Bignoniaceae
DL
NZJB 33 (2): 158
Fully naturalised
Cannabis sativa
Cannabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 462
Fully naturalised
Capsella bursa-pastoris
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 410; CHR 518592
Fully naturalised
Cardamine flexuosa
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 412
Fully naturalised
Cardaria draba subsp.
draba
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 417; CHR 574187
Fully naturalised
Cardiocrinum giganteum
Liliaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 47
Casual
Carduus acanthoides
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 299
Fully naturalised
Carduus nutans
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 299
Fully naturalised
Carduus pycnocephalus
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 300
Fully naturalised
Carduus tenuiflorus
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 301
Fully naturalised
Carex demissa
Cyperaceae
MS
FNZ (III): 165
Fully naturalised
Carex divulsa
Cyperaceae
MS
FNZ (III): 157
Fully naturalised
Carex flacca
Cyperaceae
MS
FNZ (III): 166
Fully naturalised
Carex muricata
Cyperaceae
MS
FNZ (III): 158
Fully naturalised
Carex ovalis
Cyperaceae
MS
FNZ (III): 159; CHR 494777
Fully naturalised
O
O
(1)
DC: Dicotyledonous herbs - composites; DL: Dicotyledonous lianes; DT: Dicotyledonous trees and shrubs; FE: Ferns;
GY: Gymnosperm trees and shrubs; L: Lycophytes; MG: Monocotyledonous herbs - grasses; ML: Monocotyledonous Lianes;
MO: Monocotyledonous herbs - orchids; MR: Monocotyledonous herbs - rushes; MS: Monocotyledonous herbs - sedges; MT:
Monocotyledonous trees and shrubs; OD: Dicotyledonous herbs - other than composites; OM: Monocotyledonous herbs - other
than orchids, grasses, sedges, rushes. (2) F: Fully naturalised in New Zealand; O: Occurs only in Canterbury.
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
37
TAXON NAME
FAMILY
GROWTH
FORM (1)
SOURCES
NATURALISED
STATUS IN
CANTERBURY
Carex pallescens
Cyperaceae
MS
FNZ (III): 169; q.v.: 14
Fully naturalised
Carex pendula
Cyperaceae
MS
FNZ (III): 169
Fully naturalised
Carex spicata
Cyperaceae
MS
FNZ (III): 160
Fully naturalised
Carex sylvatica
Cyperaceae
MS
FNZ (III): 170; q.v.: 14
Fully naturalised
Carex vulpinoidea
Cyperaceae
MS
FNZ (III): 160; q.v.: 20
Casual
Carpobrotus aequilaterus
Aizoaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 94
Fully naturalised
Carpobrotus aequilaterus ×
Disphyma australe
Aizoaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 95; q.v.: 26
Casual*
Carpobrotus edulis
Aizoaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 94
Fully naturalised
Carpobrotus edulis ×
Disphyma australe
Aizoaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 95
Fully naturalised
Carrichtera annua
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 418
Fully naturalised
Carthamus lanatus subsp.
baeticus
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 302
Fully naturalised
Catapodium rigidum
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 92; CHR 45115
Fully naturalised
Cedronella canariensis
Lamiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 768
Fully naturalised
Cedrus atlantica cv. ‘Glauca’
Pinaceae
GY
FNZ (IV): 46
Casual
Centaurea calcitrapa
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 304
Fully naturalised
Centaurea cyanus
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 306
Fully naturalised
Centaurea maculosa
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 306
Fully naturalised
Centaurea melitensis
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 307
Fully naturalised
Centaurea nigra
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 307
Fully naturalised
Centaurea scabiosa
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 308
Fully naturalised
Centaurea solstitialis
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 308
Fully naturalised
Centaurium erythraea
Gentianaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 721; CHR 418754
Fully naturalised
Centaurium tenuiflorum
Gentianaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 721
Fully naturalised
Centranthus ruber subsp.
ruber
Valerianaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1269
Fully naturalised
Cerastium arvense
Caryophyllaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 477
Fully naturalised
Cerastium fontanum subsp.
vulgare
Caryophyllaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 479; CHR 415643
Fully naturalised
Cerastium glomeratum
Caryophyllaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 479; CHR 512151
Fully naturalised
Cerastium semidecandrum
Caryophyllaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 480
Fully naturalised
Cerastium tomentosum
Caryophyllaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 480
Fully naturalised
Cestrum fassiculatum cv.
‘Newellii’
Solanaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1222
Fully naturalised
Chaenomeles speciosa
Rosaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1068
Fully naturalised
Chaenorrhinum minus
Scrophulariaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1178
Casual
Chamaecyparis lawsoniana
Cupressaceae
GY
FNZ (IV): 43; CHR 479734
Fully naturalised
Chamaecytisus palmensis
Fabaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 643
Fully naturalised
Chamaemelum nobile
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 165; q.v.: 18
Casual
NOTES
(2)
O
F
O
O
O
O
O
F
* as “fully naturalised” in Howell & Sawyer (2006) in error.
(1)
DC: Dicotyledonous herbs - composites; DL: Dicotyledonous lianes; DT: Dicotyledonous trees and shrubs; FE: Ferns;
GY: Gymnosperm trees and shrubs; L: Lycophytes; MG: Monocotyledonous herbs - grasses; ML: Monocotyledonous Lianes;
MO: Monocotyledonous herbs - orchids; MR: Monocotyledonous herbs - rushes; MS: Monocotyledonous herbs - sedges; MT:
Monocotyledonous trees and shrubs; OD: Dicotyledonous herbs - other than composites; OM: Monocotyledonous herbs - other
than orchids, grasses, sedges, rushes. (2) F: Fully naturalised in New Zealand; O: Occurs only in Canterbury.
38
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
TAXON NAME
FAMILY
GROWTH
FORM (1)
SOURCES
NATURALISED
STATUS IN
CANTERBURY
Chelidonium majus
Papaveraceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 928
Fully naturalised
Chenopodium album
Chenopodiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 524; CHR 512116
Fully naturalised
Chenopodium ambrosioides
Chenopodiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 525; NZJB 40 (2): 171
Fully naturalised
Chenopodium bonushenricus
Chenopodiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 525
Fully naturalised
Chenopodium capitatum
Chenopodiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 525
Fully naturalised
Chenopodium erosum
Chenopodiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 526
Fully naturalised
Chenopodium ficifolium
Chenopodiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 523; CHR 121610
Casual
Chenopodium giganteum
Chenopodiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 526
Fully naturalised
Chenopodium murale
Chenopodiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 527; CHR 512213
Fully naturalised
Chenopodium opulifolium
Chenopodiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 527; q.v.: 14
Fully naturalised
Chenopodium pumilio
Chenopodiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 528
Fully naturalised
Chenopodium vulvaria
Chenopodiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 528
Fully naturalised
Chimonanthus praecox
Calycanthaceae
DT
NZJB 42 (5): 805
Casual
Chloris truncata
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 509
Fully naturalised
Chrysanthemoides
monilifera subsp.
monilifera
Asteraceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 201
Fully naturalised
Chrysanthemum
coronarium
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 166
Fully naturalised
Chrysanthemum segetum
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 167
Fully naturalised
Cichorium intybus
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 321
Fully naturalised
Cirsium arvense
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 310
Fully naturalised
Cirsium palustre
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 311
Fully naturalised
Cirsium vulgare
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 311
Fully naturalised
Cissus striata
Vitaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1286
Casual
Cistus creticus
Cistaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 536
Fully naturalised
Cistus ladanifer var.
albiflorus
Cistaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 536; CHR 371365*
Fully naturalised
Cistus ladanifer var.
ladanifer
Cistaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 536; CHR 371365*
Casual
Cistus laurifolius
Cistaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 535; NZJB 37 (4): 631
Fully naturalised
Cistus psilosepalus
Cistaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 537; NZJB 40 (2): 172
Fully naturalised
Cistus salvifolius
Cistaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 537; NZJB 36 (2):
161; q.v.: 27
Casual
Citrullus lanatus
Cucurbitaceae
DL
FNZ (IV): 594
Casual
Clarkia amoena subsp.
amoena
Onagraceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 884
Fully naturalised
Clarkia unguiculata
Onagraceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 884; NZJB 37 (4): 641
Casual
Claytonia perfoliata
Portulacaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 989
Fully naturalised
Claytonia sibirica
Portulacaceae
OD
NZJB 42 (5): 810
Casual
Clematis flammula
Ranunculaceae
DL
FNZ (IV): 1006
Fully naturalised
NOTES
(2)
O
O
F
O
* CHR 371365 contains specimens of both var. albiflorus and var. ladanifer.
(1) DC: Dicotyledonous herbs - composites; DL: Dicotyledonous lianes; DT: Dicotyledonous trees and shrubs; FE: Ferns;
GY: Gymnosperm trees and shrubs; L: Lycophytes; MG: Monocotyledonous herbs - grasses; ML: Monocotyledonous Lianes;
MO: Monocotyledonous herbs - orchids; MR: Monocotyledonous herbs - rushes; MS: Monocotyledonous herbs - sedges; MT:
Monocotyledonous trees and shrubs; OD: Dicotyledonous herbs - other than composites; OM: Monocotyledonous herbs - other
than orchids, grasses, sedges, rushes. (2) F: Fully naturalised in New Zealand; O: Occurs only in Canterbury.
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
39
TAXON NAME
FAMILY
GROWTH
FORM (1)
SOURCES
NATURALISED
STATUS IN
CANTERBURY
NOTES
(2)
Clematis montana
Ranunculaceae
DL
FNZ (IV): 1007
Fully naturalised
Clematis tibetana subsp.
vernayi
Ranunculaceae
DL
FNZ (IV): 1007 as Clematis
tangutica; NZJB 33 (2): 176
Fully naturalised
Clematis vitalba
Ranunculaceae
DL
FNZ (IV): 1007; CHR 33995
Fully naturalised
Cleome hassleriana
Capparaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 464
Fully naturalised
Clerodendrum trichotomum
Verbenaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1273; q.v.: 25
Casual
Clinopodium vulgare
Lamiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 768
Fully naturalised
Colchicum autumnale
Colchicaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 54
Fully naturalised
Collomia cavanillesii
Polemoniaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 958
Fully naturalised
Colquhounia coccinea
Lamiaceae
OD
NZJB 42 (5): 807
Casual
O
Colquhounia coccinea var.
vestita
Lamiaceae
DT
NZJB 42 (5): 807
Fully naturalised
O
Conium maculatum
Apiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 122; CHR 494650
Fully naturalised
Consolida ambigua
Ranunculaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1012
Fully naturalised
Convolvulus arvensis
Convolvulaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 551
Fully naturalised
Convolvulus cneorum
Convolvulaceae
DT
NZJB 40 (2): 162
Casual
Conyza albida
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 188
Fully naturalised
Conyza bilbaoana
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 189; CHR 479741
Fully naturalised
Conyza bonariensis
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 189
Fully naturalised
Conyza canadensis
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 190; q.v.: 12
Fully naturalised
Coreopsis lanceolata
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 213
Fully naturalised
Coriandrum sativum
Apiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 124
Fully naturalised
Coronilla varia
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 644
Fully naturalised
Coronopus didymus
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 419; CHR 479490
Fully naturalised
Coronopus squamatus
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 419; CHR 512092
Fully naturalised
Cortaderia jubata
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 495
Fully naturalised
Cortaderia selloana
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 497; CHR 145984
Fully naturalised
Corydalis lutea
Fumariaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 717
Fully naturalised
Cosmos bipinnatus
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 215
Fully naturalised
Cosmos sulphureus
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 215; NZJB 36 (2):161
NZJB 37 (4): 638
Casual
Cotoneaster adpressus
Rosaceae
DT
NZJB 40 (2): 166
Casual
Cotoneaster bullatus
Rosaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1070
Casual
Cotoneaster cf.
monopyrenus
Rosaceae
DT
NZJB 37 (4): 637
Casual
Cotoneaster conspicuus
Rosaceae
DT
NZJB 36 (2): 157
Fully naturalised
Cotoneaster franchetii
Rosaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1071
Fully naturalised
Cotoneaster frigidus
Rosaceae
DT
NZJB 33 (2): 176; q.v.: 25
Casual
Cotoneaster glaucophyllus
Rosaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1071
Fully naturalised
Cotoneaster horizontalis
Rosaceae
DT
NZJB 33 (2): 176
Fully naturalised
Cotoneaster lacteus
Rosaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1072
Fully naturalised
Cotoneaster microphyllus
Rosaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1072
Fully naturalised
(1)
F
O
O
F
DC: Dicotyledonous herbs - composites; DL: Dicotyledonous lianes; DT: Dicotyledonous trees and shrubs; FE: Ferns;
GY: Gymnosperm trees and shrubs; L: Lycophytes; MG: Monocotyledonous herbs - grasses; ML: Monocotyledonous Lianes;
MO: Monocotyledonous herbs - orchids; MR: Monocotyledonous herbs - rushes; MS: Monocotyledonous herbs - sedges; MT:
Monocotyledonous trees and shrubs; OD: Dicotyledonous herbs - other than composites; OM: Monocotyledonous herbs - other
than orchids, grasses, sedges, rushes. (2) F: Fully naturalised in New Zealand; O: Occurs only in Canterbury.
40
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
TAXON NAME
FAMILY
GROWTH
FORM (1)
SOURCES
NATURALISED
STATUS IN
CANTERBURY
Cotoneaster pannosus
Rosaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1070; NZJB 37 (4):
641; NZJB 40 (2): 170; NZJB 42
(5): 801
Fully naturalised
Cotoneaster simonsii
Rosaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1073
Fully naturalised
Cotyledon orbiculata var.
orbiculata
Crassulaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 570
Fully naturalised
Crassula biplanata
Crassulaceae
OD
NZJB 36 (2): 159
Casual
Crassula coccinea
Crassulaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 574
Fully naturalised
Crassula multicava
Crassulaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 575
Fully naturalised
Crassula pubescens subsp.
radicans
Crassulaceae
OD
Sykes 2005.
Casual
Crassula tetragona subsp.
robusta
Crassulaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 576
Fully naturalised
Crataegus monogyna
Rosaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1074; CHR 418768
Fully naturalised
Crepis capillaris
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 322; CHR 466008
Fully naturalised
Crepis foetida subsp. foetida
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 323
Fully naturalised
Crepis vesicaria subsp.
taraxacifolia
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 324
Fully naturalised
Critesion glaucum
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 385
Fully naturalised
Critesion hystrix
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 386
Fully naturalised
Critesion jubatum
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 387
Fully naturalised
Critesion marinum
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 388
Fully naturalised
Critesion murinum subsp.
leporinum
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 390; CHR 468226
Fully naturalised
Critesion murinum subsp.
murinum
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 390; CHR 490049
Fully naturalised
Critesion secalinum
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 391
Fully naturalised
Crocosmia × crocosmiiflora
Iridaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 122; CHR 48796
Fully naturalised
Cryptotaenia canadensis
Apiaceae
OD
NZJB 40 (2): 161
Casual
Cucurbita maxima
Cucurbitaceae
DL
FNZ (IV): 595; CHR 418798
Fully naturalised
Cucurbita pepo
Cucurbitaceae
DL
FNZ (IV): 596; CHR 172909
Fully naturalised
Cuphea lanceolata
Lythraceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 817
Casual
Cupressus macrocarpa
Cupressaceae
GY
FNZ (IV): 44; CHR 513793
Fully naturalised
Cuscuta epithymum
Convolvulaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 554; CHR 89689
Fully naturalised
Cuscuta suaveolens
Convolvulaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 554
Casual
Cymbalaria muralis
Scrophulariaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1182; CHR 172745
Fully naturalised
Cynara cardunculus
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 312
Fully naturalised
Cynara scolymus
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 313; q.v.: 18
Casual
Cynodon dactylon
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 510
Fully naturalised
Cynoglossum amabile
Boraginaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 372
Fully naturalised
Cynosurus cristatus
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 93
Fully naturalised
Cynosurus echinatus
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 94
Fully naturalised
Cyperus albostriatus
Cyperaceae
MS
FNZ (III): 184; q.v.: 20
Casual
NOTES
(2)
O
O
O
F
F
(1)
DC: Dicotyledonous herbs - composites; DL: Dicotyledonous lianes; DT: Dicotyledonous trees and shrubs; FE: Ferns;
GY: Gymnosperm trees and shrubs; L: Lycophytes; MG: Monocotyledonous herbs - grasses; ML: Monocotyledonous Lianes;
MO: Monocotyledonous herbs - orchids; MR: Monocotyledonous herbs - rushes; MS: Monocotyledonous herbs - sedges; MT:
Monocotyledonous trees and shrubs; OD: Dicotyledonous herbs - other than composites; OM: Monocotyledonous herbs - other
than orchids, grasses, sedges, rushes. (2) F: Fully naturalised in New Zealand; O: Occurs only in Canterbury.
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
41
TAXON NAME
FAMILY
GROWTH
FORM (1)
SOURCES
NATURALISED
STATUS IN
CANTERBURY
NOTES
(2)
Cyperus congestus
Cyperaceae
MS
FNZ (III): 185
Fully naturalised
Cyperus eragrostis
Cyperaceae
MS
FNZ (III): 186
Fully naturalised
Cyperus esculentus
Cyperaceae
MS
FNZ (III): 186
Fully naturalised
Cyperus involucratus
Cyperaceae
MS
FNZ (III): 187
Fully naturalised
Cyrtomium falcatum
Dryopteridaceae
FE
FNZ (IV): 18; q.v.: 20
Casual
Cystopteris fragilis
Dryopteridaceae
FE
FNZ (IV): 18
Fully naturalised
Cytisus multiflorus
Fabaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 645
Fully naturalised
Cytisus scoparius
Fabaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 646
Fully naturalised
Dactylis glomerata
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 95; CHR 518555
Fully naturalised
Dahlia coccinea × D.
pinnata
Asteraceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 216
Fully naturalised
Daphne laureola
Thymelaeaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1256
Fully naturalised
Datura ferox
Solanaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1224
Fully naturalised
Datura stramonium
Solanaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1225; CHR 122938
Fully naturalised
Daucus carota
Apiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 124
Fully naturalised
Delosperma sp. (purple
petals)
Aizoaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 93
Casual
O
Delosperma sp. (white
petals)
Aizoaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 93
Casual
O
Dendrobenthamia capitata
Cornaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 560
Fully naturalised
Deschampsia flexuosa
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 311
Fully naturalised
Descurainia sophia
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 420
Fully naturalised
Deutzia crenata
Hydrangeaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 939; NZJB 40 (2): 168
Casual
Dianthus armeria
Caryophyllaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 481
Fully naturalised
Dianthus barbatus
Caryophyllaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 481
Fully naturalised
Dianthus deltoides
Caryophyllaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 482
Fully naturalised
Dianthus plumarius
Caryophyllaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 482
Fully naturalised
Dichelachne sieberiana
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 261
Fully naturalised
Dichondra micrantha
Convolvulaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 555
Fully naturalised
Dierama pendulum
Iridaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 123
Fully naturalised
Digitalis purpurea
Scrophulariaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1183; CHR 212815
Fully naturalised
Digitaria ciliaris
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 541
Fully naturalised
Digitaria ischaemum
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 541; q.v.: 23
Casual
Digitaria sanguinalis
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 542
Fully naturalised
Diplotaxis muralis
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 421; CHR 483390
Fully naturalised
Diplotaxis tenuifolia
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 421
Fully naturalised
Dipsacus sylvestris
Dipsacaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 598; CHR 495134
Fully naturalised
Distichlis spicata
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 533
Casual
O
Doronicum plantagineum
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 261
Casual
O
Dorotheanthus bellidiformis
Aizoaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 93
Casual
Dorycnium hirsutum
Fabaceae
OD
NZJB 36 (2): 159; q.v.: 27
Casual
(1)
F
F
DC: Dicotyledonous herbs - composites; DL: Dicotyledonous lianes; DT: Dicotyledonous trees and shrubs; FE: Ferns;
GY: Gymnosperm trees and shrubs; L: Lycophytes; MG: Monocotyledonous herbs - grasses; ML: Monocotyledonous Lianes;
MO: Monocotyledonous herbs - orchids; MR: Monocotyledonous herbs - rushes; MS: Monocotyledonous herbs - sedges; MT:
Monocotyledonous trees and shrubs; OD: Dicotyledonous herbs - other than composites; OM: Monocotyledonous herbs - other
than orchids, grasses, sedges, rushes. (2) F: Fully naturalised in New Zealand; O: Occurs only in Canterbury.
42
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
TAXON NAME
FAMILY
GROWTH
FORM (1)
SOURCES
NATURALISED
STATUS IN
CANTERBURY
Dracunculus vulgaris
Araceae
OM
FNZ (III): 77
Fully naturalised
Drosanthemum
floribundum
Aizoaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 97
Fully naturalised
Dryopteris affinis
Dryopteridaceae
FE
FNZ (IV): 21
Fully naturalised
Dryopteris dilatata
Dryopteridaceae
FE
FNZ (IV): 21
Fully naturalised
Dryopteris filix-mas
Dryopteridaceae
FE
FNZ (IV): 22
Fully naturalised
Duchesnea indica
Rosaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1077
Fully naturalised
Eccremocarpus scaber
Bignoniaceae
DL
FNZ (IV): 364
Fully naturalised
Echeveria × imbricata
Crassulaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 583; CHR 439920
Casual
Echeveria secunda
Crassulaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 584
Fully naturalised
Echinochloa crus-galli
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 546
Fully naturalised
Echinochloa crus-pavonis
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 547
Fully naturalised
Echinochloa esculenta
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 548
Fully naturalised
Echinops ritro
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 316; q.v.: 27
Casual
Echium candicans
Boraginaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 373
Fully naturalised
Echium pininana
Boraginaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 374
Fully naturalised
Echium plantagineum
Boraginaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 375; CHR 83285
Casual
Echium vulgare
Boraginaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 375; CHR 565297
Fully naturalised
Echium wildpretii
Boraginaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 375; NZJB 40 (2): 161
Casual
Egeria densa
Hydrocharitaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 26
Fully naturalised
Ehrharta erecta
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 42
Fully naturalised
Einadia trigonos subsp.
stellulata
Chenopodiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 531
Fully naturalised
Eleusine indica
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 522
Fully naturalised
Elodea canadensis
Hydrocharitaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 27
Fully naturalised
Elsholtzia flava
Lamiaceae
OD
NZJB 42 (5): 807
Casual
Elymus scaber
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 397 as Elymus
rectisetus; CHR 126745
Fully naturalised
Elytrigia pycnantha
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 404
Fully naturalised
Elytrigia repens
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 405; CHR 511973
Fully naturalised
Embothrium coccineum
Proteaceae
DT
NZJB 33 (2): 175; NZJB 40 (2):
169; NZJB 42 (5): 801
Fully naturalised
Entolasia marginata
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 551
Fully naturalised
Epilobium ciliatum
Onagraceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 888; CHR 526476
Fully naturalised
Epilobium obscurum
Onagraceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 889
Fully naturalised
Equisetum arvense
Equisetaceae
L
FNZ (IV): 6
Fully naturalised
Equisetum hyemale
Equisetaceae
L
NZJB 33 (2): 152
Casual
Eragrostis curvula
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 528
Fully naturalised
Erica carnea
Ericaceae
DT
NZJB 42 (5): 806
Casual
Erica cinerea
Ericaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 611
Fully naturalised
Erica lusitanica
Ericaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 612; CHR 474083
Fully naturalised
Erigeron karvinskianus
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 192
Fully naturalised
NOTES
(2)
F
O
O
O
O
(1)
DC: Dicotyledonous herbs - composites; DL: Dicotyledonous lianes; DT: Dicotyledonous trees and shrubs; FE: Ferns;
GY: Gymnosperm trees and shrubs; L: Lycophytes; MG: Monocotyledonous herbs - grasses; ML: Monocotyledonous Lianes;
MO: Monocotyledonous herbs - orchids; MR: Monocotyledonous herbs - rushes; MS: Monocotyledonous herbs - sedges; MT:
Monocotyledonous trees and shrubs; OD: Dicotyledonous herbs - other than composites; OM: Monocotyledonous herbs - other
than orchids, grasses, sedges, rushes. (2) F: Fully naturalised in New Zealand; O: Occurs only in Canterbury.
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
43
TAXON NAME
FAMILY
GROWTH
FORM (1)
SOURCES
NATURALISED
STATUS IN
CANTERBURY
NOTES
(2)
Erodium cicutarium subsp.
cicutarium
Geraniaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 724; CHR 510187
Fully naturalised
Erodium moschatum
Geraniaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 725; CHR 574126
Fully naturalised
Erophila verna
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 421
Fully naturalised
Eruca vesicaria subsp.
sativa
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 399; NZJB 36 (2):
161; NZJB 40 (2): 167
Casual
Erysimum cheiranthoides
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 422; q.v.: 19
Casual
Erysimum cheiri
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 418 as Cheiranthus
cheir.
Fully naturalised
Eschscholzia californica
Papaveraceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 929
Fully naturalised
Eucalyptus globulus subsp.
globulus
Myrtaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 857; CHR 536767
Fully naturalised
Eucalyptus nicholii
Myrtaceae
DT
NZJB 40 (2): 164
Casual
Eucalyptus nitens
Myrtaceae
DT
NZJB 33 (2): 171; NZJB 40 (2):
172
Fully naturalised
Eucalyptus obliqua
Myrtaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 858
Fully naturalised
Eucalyptus ovata
Myrtaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 860; NZJB 40 (2): 172
Fully naturalised
Eucalyptus viminalis
Myrtaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 864; CHR 536769
Fully naturalised
Euonymus europaeus
Celastraceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 514
Fully naturalised
Euonymus fortunei
Celastraceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 513
Casual
Euonymus pendulus
Celastraceae
DT
NZJB 36 (2): 159; q.v.: 27
Casual
Euonymus phellomanus
Celastraceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 513
Casual
O
Eupatorium cannabinum
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 204; NZJB 37 (4):
630; q.v.: 18
Casual
F
Euphorbia amygdaloides
Euphorbiaceae
OD
NZJB 33 (2): 164; q.v.: 20
Casual
F
Euphorbia characias subsp.
characias
Euphorbiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 626
Fully naturalised
Euphorbia cyparissias
Euphorbiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 628
Fully naturalised
Euphorbia exigua
Euphorbiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 628
Fully naturalised
Euphorbia helioscopia
Euphorbiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 628
Fully naturalised
Euphorbia lathyris
Euphorbiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 629
Fully naturalised
Euphorbia maculata
Euphorbiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 630
Fully naturalised
Euphorbia peplus
Euphorbiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 630; CHR 512161
Fully naturalised
Euphrasia nemorosa
Scrophulariaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1185; q.v.: 25
Casual
Euryops chrysanthemoides
Asteraceae
DT
NZJB 37 (4): 635; NZJB 40 (2):
167
Casual
Exochorda racemosa
Rosaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1053
Casual
Fagopyrum esculentum
Polygonaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 967
Fully naturalised
Fallopia aubertii
Polygonaceae
DL
FNZ (IV): 968
Fully naturalised
Fallopia convolvulus
Polygonaceae
DL
FNZ (IV): 968; CHR 512163
Fully naturalised
Fatsia japonica
Araliaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 145
Fully naturalised
Felicia amelloides
Asteraceae
DC
NZJB 33 (2): 157; NZJB 37 (4):
638
Casual
F
O
O
F
O
(1) DC: Dicotyledonous herbs - composites; DL: Dicotyledonous lianes; DT: Dicotyledonous trees and shrubs; FE: Ferns;
GY: Gymnosperm trees and shrubs; L: Lycophytes; MG: Monocotyledonous herbs - grasses; ML: Monocotyledonous Lianes;
MO: Monocotyledonous herbs - orchids; MR: Monocotyledonous herbs - rushes; MS: Monocotyledonous herbs - sedges; MT:
Monocotyledonous trees and shrubs; OD: Dicotyledonous herbs - other than composites; OM: Monocotyledonous herbs - other
than orchids, grasses, sedges, rushes. (2) F: Fully naturalised in New Zealand; O: Occurs only in Canterbury.
44
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
TAXON NAME
FAMILY
GROWTH
FORM (1)
SOURCES
NATURALISED
STATUS IN
CANTERBURY
NOTES
O
Felicia petiolata
Asteraceae
DC
NZJB 33 (2): 157
Casual
Festuca filiformis
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 105; CHR 5024
Fully naturalised
Festuca ovina subsp.
hirtula*
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 118; CHR 1494
Fully naturalised
Festuca rubra subsp.
commutata
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 122; CHR 45112
Fully naturalised
Festuca rubra subsp. rubra
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 121
Fully naturalised
Filago pyramidata
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 231
Casual
Filipendula ulmaria subsp.
ulmaria
Rosaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1079; q.v.: 28
Casual
Filipendula vulgaris
Rosaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1079
Fully naturalised
Foeniculum vulgare
Apiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 127
Fully naturalised
Forsythia suspensa
Oleaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 874
Casual
Fragaria × ananassa
Rosaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1080
Casual
Fragaria vesca
Rosaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1080
Fully naturalised
Fraxinus excelsior
Oleaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 874
Fully naturalised
Fraxinus ornus
Oleaceae
DT
NZJB 33 (2): 172; NZJB 37 (4):
641; q.v.: 22
Casual
Fumaria bastardii
Fumariaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 718
Fully naturalised
Fumaria capreolata subsp.
capreolata
Fumariaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 718
Fully naturalised
Fumaria densiflora
Fumariaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 718
Fully naturalised
Fumaria muralis subsp.
muralis
Fumariaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 719; CHR 479504
Fully naturalised
Fumaria officinalis
Fumariaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 719
Fully naturalised
Gaillardia × grandiflora
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 217
Fully naturalised
Galeobdolon luteum subsp.
luteum cv. ‘Variegatum’
Lamiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 769
Fully naturalised
Galeopsis ladanum
Lamiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 770
Fully naturalised
Galeopsis tetrahit
Lamiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 770
Fully naturalised
Galinsoga parviflora
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 218
Fully naturalised
Galium aparine
Rubiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1144; CHR 483239
Fully naturalised
Galium debile
Rubiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1145
Fully naturalised
Galium divaricatum
Rubiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1145; CHR 413992
Fully naturalised
Galium mollugo
Rubiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1146
Fully naturalised
Galium murale
Rubiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1146
Fully naturalised
Galium palustre subsp.
palustre
Rubiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1147; CHR 418563
Fully naturalised
Gamochaeta calviceps
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 237 as Gnaphalium
calviceps
Fully naturalised
Gamochaeta coarctata
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 238 Gnaphalium
coarctatum; q.v.: 18
Casual
(2)
O
F
O
F
* as Festuca ovina in Howell & Sawyer (2006).
(1)
DC: Dicotyledonous herbs - composites; DL: Dicotyledonous lianes; DT: Dicotyledonous trees and shrubs; FE: Ferns;
GY: Gymnosperm trees and shrubs; L: Lycophytes; MG: Monocotyledonous herbs - grasses; ML: Monocotyledonous Lianes;
MO: Monocotyledonous herbs - orchids; MR: Monocotyledonous herbs - rushes; MS: Monocotyledonous herbs - sedges; MT:
Monocotyledonous trees and shrubs; OD: Dicotyledonous herbs - other than composites; OM: Monocotyledonous herbs - other
than orchids, grasses, sedges, rushes. (2) F: Fully naturalised in New Zealand; O: Occurs only in Canterbury.
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
45
TAXON NAME
FAMILY
GROWTH
FORM (1)
SOURCES
NATURALISED
STATUS IN
CANTERBURY
NOTES
F
(2)
Gamochaeta purpurea
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 239 as Gnaphalium
purpureum var. purpureum;
q.v.: 18
Casual
Gastridium ventricosum
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 264
Fully naturalised
Gaultheria mucronata
Ericaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 618 as Pernettya
mucronata
Fully naturalised
Gazania linearis
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 293
Fully naturalised
Gazania rigens
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 294
Fully naturalised
Genista tinctoria
Fabaceae
DT
NZJB 33 (2): 164
Fully naturalised
Geranium dissectum
Geraniaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 727
Fully naturalised
Geranium gardneri
Geraniaceae
OD
de Lange et al. 2005.
Fully naturalised
Geranium lucidum
Geraniaceae
OD
Sykes 2004.
Casual
Geranium molle
Geraniaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 728; CHR 437228
Fully naturalised
Geranium pratense
Geraniaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 729
Fully naturalised
Geranium pusillum
Geraniaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 730
Fully naturalised
Geranium robertianum
Geraniaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 731; CHR 127437
Fully naturalised
Geranium yeoi
Geraniaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 732 as Geranium
rubescens
Fully naturalised
Geum aleppicum
Rosaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1082
Fully naturalised
Geum urbanum
Rosaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1082
Fully naturalised
Gilia capitata
Polemoniaceae
OD
NZJB 40 (2): 165
Casual
O
Glaucium corniculatum
Papaveraceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 929
Fully naturalised
O
Glaucium flavum
Papaveraceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 930
Fully naturalised
Glechoma hederacea
Lamiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 771; CHR 77462
Fully naturalised
Gleditsia triacanthos
Fabaceae
DT
NZJB 36 (2):159; NZJB 42 (5):
811; q.v.: 27
Casual
Glyceria × pedicellata
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 221
Fully naturalised
Glyceria declinata
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 217; CHR 479442
Fully naturalised
Glyceria fluitans
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 219
Fully naturalised
Glyceria maxima
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 220
Fully naturalised
Glyceria plicata
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 222
Fully naturalised
Gomphocarpus fruticosus
Asclepiadaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 150
Fully naturalised
Greenovia aurea
Crassulaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 562
Casual
O
Guizotia abyssinica
Asteraceae
DC
NZJB 37 (4): 635
Casual
O
Gunnera tinctoria
Gunneraceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 748
Fully naturalised
Gypsophila australis
Caryophyllaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 483
Fully naturalised
Gypsophila paniculata
Caryophyllaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 483
Fully naturalised
Hainardia cylindrica
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 212
Fully naturalised
Haloragis aspera
Haloragaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 752
Fully naturalised
O
Hedera colchica
Araliaceae
DL
FNZ (IV): 145
Casual
O
Hedera helix subsp.
canariensis
Araliaceae
DL
FNZ (IV): 146
Fully naturalised
O
O
O
(1) DC: Dicotyledonous herbs - composites; DL: Dicotyledonous lianes; DT: Dicotyledonous trees and shrubs; FE: Ferns;
GY: Gymnosperm trees and shrubs; L: Lycophytes; MG: Monocotyledonous herbs - grasses; ML: Monocotyledonous Lianes;
MO: Monocotyledonous herbs - orchids; MR: Monocotyledonous herbs - rushes; MS: Monocotyledonous herbs - sedges; MT:
Monocotyledonous trees and shrubs; OD: Dicotyledonous herbs - other than composites; OM: Monocotyledonous herbs - other
than orchids, grasses, sedges, rushes. (2) F: Fully naturalised in New Zealand; O: Occurs only in Canterbury.
46
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
TAXON NAME
FAMILY
GROWTH
FORM (1)
SOURCES
NATURALISED
STATUS IN
CANTERBURY
Hedera helix subsp. helix
Araliaceae
DL
FNZ (IV): 146
Fully naturalised
Hedysarum coronarium
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 649
Fully naturalised
Helenium autumnale
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 220
Casual
Helianthus × laetiflorus
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 222
Fully naturalised
Helianthus annuus
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 221
Fully naturalised
Helianthus salicifolius
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 213 as Coreopsis
lanceolata; NZJB 36 (2): 156
Fully naturalised
Helianthus tuberosus
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 222
Fully naturalised
Helichrysum bracteatum
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 250
Fully naturalised
Helichrysum petiolare
Asteraceae
DC
NZJB 33 (2): 158; NZJB 37 (4):
639; NZJB 40 (2): 173
Fully naturalised
Helictotrichon pubescens
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 338
Casual
Helminthotheca echioides
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 340 as Picris
echioides
Fully naturalised
Heracleum
mantegazzianum
Apiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 128
Fully naturalised
Heracleum sphondylium
Apiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 128
Fully naturalised
Hesperis matronalis
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 423; CHR 234508
Fully naturalised
Heuchera sanguinea
Saxifragaceae
OD
NZJB 37 (4): 637
Casual
Hibiscus trionum
Malvaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 826
Fully naturalised
Hieracium × stoloniflorum
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 332
Fully naturalised
Hieracium argillaceum
group
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 327
Fully naturalised
Hieracium aurantiacum
subsp. carpathicola
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 328
Fully naturalised
Hieracium caespitosum
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 328
Fully naturalised
Hieracium lepidulum
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 329
Fully naturalised
Hieracium murorum
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 329
Fully naturalised
Hieracium pilosella subsp.
micradenia
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 330; CHR 201460
Fully naturalised
Hieracium pilosella subsp.
pilosella
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 330
Fully naturalised
Hieracium pilosella subsp.
trichosoma
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 330
Fully naturalised
Hieracium pollichiae
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 331
Fully naturalised
Hieracium praealtum
subsp. bauhinii
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 332; CHR 286281
Fully naturalised
Hirschfeldia incana
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 423; CHR 68341
Fully naturalised
Holcus lanatus
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 315; CHR 479866
Fully naturalised
Holcus mollis
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 316
Fully naturalised
Holosteum umbellatum
Caryophyllaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 484
Fully naturalised
Homeria collina
Iridaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 125; CHR 174299
Fully naturalised
Hordeum vulgare
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 406; CHR 479744
Fully naturalised
NOTES
(2)
O
(1)
DC: Dicotyledonous herbs - composites; DL: Dicotyledonous lianes; DT: Dicotyledonous trees and shrubs; FE: Ferns;
GY: Gymnosperm trees and shrubs; L: Lycophytes; MG: Monocotyledonous herbs - grasses; ML: Monocotyledonous Lianes;
MO: Monocotyledonous herbs - orchids; MR: Monocotyledonous herbs - rushes; MS: Monocotyledonous herbs - sedges; MT:
Monocotyledonous trees and shrubs; OD: Dicotyledonous herbs - other than composites; OM: Monocotyledonous herbs - other
than orchids, grasses, sedges, rushes. (2) F: Fully naturalised in New Zealand; O: Occurs only in Canterbury.
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
47
TAXON NAME
FAMILY
GROWTH
FORM (1)
SOURCES
NATURALISED
STATUS IN
CANTERBURY
Humulus lupulus var.
lupulus
Cannabaceae
DL
FNZ (IV): 463
Fully naturalised
Hyacinthoides non-scripta
Hyacinthaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 59 as Scilla nonscripta
Fully naturalised
Hymenolobus procumbens
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 424
Fully naturalised
Hyoscyamus niger
Solanaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1225
Fully naturalised
Hypericum androsaemum
Clusiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 539; CHR 473090
Fully naturalised
Hypericum calycinum
Clusiaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 539; CHR 82640
Fully naturalised
Hypericum henryi subsp.
henryi
Clusiaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 540; q.v.: 20
Casual
Hypericum humifusum
Clusiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 540; CHR 196927
Fully naturalised
Hypericum perforatum
Clusiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 544; CHR 540545
Fully naturalised
Hypericum pulchrum
Clusiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 545
Fully naturalised
Hypericum tetrapterum
Clusiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 545
Fully naturalised
Hypochoeris glabra
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 334
Fully naturalised
Hypochoeris radicata
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 334; CHR 437802
Fully naturalised
Hypoxis hookeri
Hypoxidaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 143
Fully naturalised
Iberis amara
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 425
Fully naturalised
Iberis umbellata
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 425
Fully naturalised
Idesia polycarpa
Flacourtiaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 714
Fully naturalised
Ilex aquifolium
Aquifoliaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 143
Fully naturalised
Impatiens glandulifera
Balsaminaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 351; q.v.: 12
Fully naturalised
Inula helenium
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 255
Fully naturalised
Ipheion uniflorum
Alliaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 55
Fully naturalised
Ipomoea purpurea
Convolvulaceae
DL
FNZ (IV): 559
Fully naturalised
Iris foetidissima
Iridaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 128; CHR 572979
Fully naturalised
Iris germanica
Iridaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 129
Fully naturalised
Iris laevigata
Iridaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 128
Casual
Iris orientalis
Iridaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 129
Fully naturalised
Iris pseudacorus
Iridaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 130
Fully naturalised
Iris spuria
Iridaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 130; q.v.: 21
Casual
Isolepis marginata
Cyperaceae
MS
FNZ (III): 199 as Scirpus
antarcticu.
Fully naturalised
Isolepis platycarpa
Cyperaceae
MS
FNZ (III): 200 as Scirpus
platycarpus
Fully naturalised
Isolepis setacea
Cyperaceae
MS
FNZ (III): 196 as Scirpus
setaceus
Fully naturalised
Jasminum beesianum
Oleaceae
DL
FNZ (IV): 875
Fully naturalised
Jasminum officinale
Oleaceae
DL
FNZ (IV): 877
Fully naturalised
Juglans regia
Juglandaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 760; CHR 494661
Fully naturalised
Juncus acuminatus
Juncaceae
MR
FNZ (III): 100
Fully naturalised
Juncus acutiflorus
Juncaceae
MR
FNZ (III): 100
Fully naturalised
(1)
NOTES
(2)
F
O
F
DC: Dicotyledonous herbs - composites; DL: Dicotyledonous lianes; DT: Dicotyledonous trees and shrubs; FE: Ferns;
GY: Gymnosperm trees and shrubs; L: Lycophytes; MG: Monocotyledonous herbs - grasses; ML: Monocotyledonous Lianes;
MO: Monocotyledonous herbs - orchids; MR: Monocotyledonous herbs - rushes; MS: Monocotyledonous herbs - sedges; MT:
Monocotyledonous trees and shrubs; OD: Dicotyledonous herbs - other than composites; OM: Monocotyledonous herbs - other
than orchids, grasses, sedges, rushes. (2) F: Fully naturalised in New Zealand; O: Occurs only in Canterbury.
48
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
TAXON NAME
FAMILY
GROWTH
FORM (1)
SOURCES
NATURALISED
STATUS IN
CANTERBURY
Juncus amabilis
Juncaceae
MR
FNZ (III): 93
Juncus articulatus
Juncaceae
MR
FNZ (III): 101
Fully naturalised
Juncus bufonius var.
bufonius
Juncaceae
MR
FNZ (III): 89; CHR 123335
Fully naturalised
Juncus bufonius var.
congestus
Juncaceae
MR
FNZ (III): 89
Fully naturalised
Juncus bufonius var.
parviflorus
Juncaceae
MR
FNZ (III): 90
Fully naturalised
Juncus bulbosus
Juncaceae
MR
FNZ (III): 102
Fully naturalised
Juncus canadensis
Juncaceae
MR
FNZ (III): 103
Fully naturalised
Juncus conglomeratus
Juncaceae
MR
FNZ (III): 94
Fully naturalised
Juncus effusus var.
compactus
Juncaceae
MR
FNZ (III): 95; CHR 89290
Fully naturalised
Juncus effusus var. effusus
Juncaceae
MR
FNZ (III): 95; CHR 563473
Fully naturalised
Juncus ensifolius
Juncaceae
MR
FNZ (III): 103
Fully naturalised
Juncus filicaulis
Juncaceae
MR
FNZ (III): 95
Fully naturalised
Juncus fockei
Juncaceae
MR
FNZ (III): 103; q.v.: 22
Casual
Juncus gerardii
Juncaceae
MR
FNZ (III): 90
Fully naturalised
Juncus inflexus
Juncaceae
MR
FNZ (III): 96; q.v.: 14
Fully naturalised
Juncus microcephalus
Juncaceae
MR
FNZ (III): 104
Fully naturalised
Juncus platyphyllus
Juncaceae
MR
Healy 2000.
Casual
Juncus squarrosus
Juncaceae
MR
FNZ (III): 92
Fully naturalised
Juncus subnodulosus
Juncaceae
MR
FNZ (III): 104
Fully naturalised
Juncus tenuis var. tenuis
Juncaceae
MR
FNZ (III): 93; CHR 482798
Fully naturalised
Kleinia serpens
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 270 as Senecio
serpens; NZJB 37 (4): 639
Casual
Kochia scoparia
Chenopodiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 533
Fully naturalised
Laburnum anagyroides
Fabaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 650
Fully naturalised
Lactuca sativa
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 335; NZJB 40 (2): 171
Fully naturalised
Lactuca serriola
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 336
Fully naturalised
Lactuca virosa
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 336; q.v.: 18
Casual
Lagarosiphon major
Hydrocharitaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 29; CHR 119680
Fully naturalised
Lagurus ovatus
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 284; CHR 419649
Fully naturalised
Lamium album
Lamiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 772
Fully naturalised
Lamium amplexicaule
Lamiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 772
Fully naturalised
Lamium confertum
Lamiaceae
OD
NZJB 33 (2): 166
Fully naturalised
Lamium hybridum
Lamiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 773
Fully naturalised
Lamium maculatum
Lamiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 772; NZJB 36 (2):
161; NZJB 40 (2): 168; NZJB 42
(5): 799
Fully naturalised
Lamium purpureum
Lamiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 773; CHR 483413
Fully naturalised
Lampranthus “Hunter Gully”
Aizoaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 98
Fully naturalised
NOTES
(2)
Fully naturalised
F
O
F
O
(1)
DC: Dicotyledonous herbs - composites; DL: Dicotyledonous lianes; DT: Dicotyledonous trees and shrubs; FE: Ferns;
GY: Gymnosperm trees and shrubs; L: Lycophytes; MG: Monocotyledonous herbs - grasses; ML: Monocotyledonous Lianes;
MO: Monocotyledonous herbs - orchids; MR: Monocotyledonous herbs - rushes; MS: Monocotyledonous herbs - sedges; MT:
Monocotyledonous trees and shrubs; OD: Dicotyledonous herbs - other than composites; OM: Monocotyledonous herbs - other
than orchids, grasses, sedges, rushes. (2) F: Fully naturalised in New Zealand; O: Occurs only in Canterbury.
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
49
TAXON NAME
FAMILY
GROWTH
FORM (1)
SOURCES
NATURALISED
STATUS IN
CANTERBURY
NOTES
O
(2)
Lampranthus “purple”
Aizoaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 97
Casual
Lampranthus glaucus
Aizoaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 98; NZJB 40 (2): 171
Fully naturalised
Lampranthus spectabilis
Aizoaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 98
Fully naturalised
Lapeirousia laxa
Iridaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 119; q.v.: 28
Casual
Lapsana communis
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 337
Fully naturalised
Larix decidua
Pinaceae
GY
FNZ (IV): 47
Fully naturalised
Larix kaempferi
Pinaceae
GY
NZJB 40 (2): 160
Casual
O
Lathyrus aphaca
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 652
Casual
O
Lathyrus grandiflorus
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 652
Fully naturalised
Lathyrus latifolius
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 652; CHR 418760
Fully naturalised
Lathyrus nissolia
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 653
Fully naturalised
Lathyrus odoratus
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 654
Fully naturalised
Lathyrus pratensis
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 654; CHR 508207
Fully naturalised
Lathyrus sphaericus
Fabaceae
OD
NZJB 33 (2): 165
Fully naturalised
Lathyrus sylvestris
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 654
Fully naturalised
Lathyrus tingitanus
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 655; CHR 479628
Fully naturalised
Laurus nobilis
Lauraceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 802
Fully naturalised
Lavandula stoechas subsp.
stoechas
Lamiaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 774
Fully naturalised
Lavatera arborea
Malvaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 827; CHR 516678
Fully naturalised
Lavatera assurgentiflora
Malvaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 828; CHR 418416
Fully naturalised
Lavatera cretica
Malvaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 829
Fully naturalised
O
Lavatera olbia cv. ‘Rosea’
Malvaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 830
Fully naturalised
Legousia speculum-veneris
Campanulaceae
OD
NZJB 40 (2): 162; NZJB 42 (5):
811; q.v.: 27
Casual
Leontodon autumnalis
subsp. autumnalis
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 338
Fully naturalised
Leontodon taraxacoides
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 339; CHR 497492
Fully naturalised
Leonurus cardiaca
Lamiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 775; q.v.: 22
Casual
Lepidium africanum
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 428
Fully naturalised
Lepidium bonariense
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 429
Fully naturalised
Lepidium campestre
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 429
Fully naturalised
Lepidium densiflorum
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 430; q.v.: 19
Casual
F
Lepidium heterophyllum
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 431
Fully naturalised
O
Lepidium hyssopifolium
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 431
Fully naturalised
Lepidium
pseudotasmanicum
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 432
Fully naturalised
Lepidium sativum
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 432
Fully naturalised
Leucanthemum maximum
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 170; CHR 479760
Fully naturalised
Leucanthemum vulgare
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 170; CHR 512189
Fully naturalised
Leucojum aestivum
Amaryllidaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 70
Fully naturalised
Leycesteria formosa
Caprifoliaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 465; CHR 415988
Fully naturalised
(1)
O
F
DC: Dicotyledonous herbs - composites; DL: Dicotyledonous lianes; DT: Dicotyledonous trees and shrubs; FE: Ferns;
GY: Gymnosperm trees and shrubs; L: Lycophytes; MG: Monocotyledonous herbs - grasses; ML: Monocotyledonous Lianes;
MO: Monocotyledonous herbs - orchids; MR: Monocotyledonous herbs - rushes; MS: Monocotyledonous herbs - sedges; MT:
Monocotyledonous trees and shrubs; OD: Dicotyledonous herbs - other than composites; OM: Monocotyledonous herbs - other
than orchids, grasses, sedges, rushes. (2) F: Fully naturalised in New Zealand; O: Occurs only in Canterbury.
50
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
TAXON NAME
FAMILY
GROWTH
FORM (1)
SOURCES
NATURALISED
STATUS IN
CANTERBURY
Leymus arenarius
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 408
Leymus racemosus
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 409
Fully naturalised
Ligustrum sinense
Oleaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 880; q.v.: 23
Casual
Ligustrum vulgare
Oleaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 880
Fully naturalised
Lilium × maculatum
Liliaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 55
Casual
Lilium tigrinum
Liliaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 56
Fully naturalised
Limonium companyonis
Plumbaginaceae
OD
NZJB 37 (4): 637
Casual*
Linaria arvensis
Scrophulariaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1192
Fully naturalised
Linaria genistifolia subsp.
dalmatica
Scrophulariaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1193
Fully naturalised
Linaria maroccana
Scrophulariaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1193; NZJB 40 (2):
172
Fully naturalised
Linaria purpurea
Scrophulariaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1194
Fully naturalised
Linaria purpurea cv. ‘Canon
J. Went’
Scrophulariaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1194; CHR 123180
Casual
Linaria repens
Scrophulariaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1194
Fully naturalised
Linaria vulgaris
Scrophulariaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1194
Fully naturalised
Linum bienne
Linaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 807; CHR 490065
Fully naturalised
Linum catharticum
Linaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 807; CHR 464702
Fully naturalised
Linum usitatissimum
Linaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 808
Fully naturalised
Lithospermum arvense
Boraginaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 376; CHR 89688
Fully naturalised
Lithospermum
purpurocaeruleum
Boraginaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 377
Fully naturalised
Lobelia erinus
Lobeliaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 810
Fully naturalised
Lobelia siphilitica
Lobeliaceae
OD
NZJB 42 (5): 805
Casual
Lobularia maritima
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 436; CHR 512996
Fully naturalised
Logfia gallica
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 256
Fully naturalised
Logfia minima
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 257
Fully naturalised
Lolium multiflorum
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 125; CHR 482729
Fully naturalised
Lolium perenne
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 126; CHR 509423
Fully naturalised
Lolium temulentum
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 128
Fully naturalised
Lomatia ilicifolia
Proteaceae
DT
NZJB 42 (5): 810
Casual
Lonicera × americana
Caprifoliaceae
DL
FNZ (IV): 466
Fully naturalised
Lonicera japonica
Caprifoliaceae
DL
FNZ (IV): 467; CHR 83363
Fully naturalised
Lonicera nitida
Caprifoliaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 468; NZJB 40 (2): 171
Fully naturalised
Lonicera periclymenum
Caprifoliaceae
DL
FNZ (IV): 468; q.v.: 20
Casual
Lotus angustissimus
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 656
Fully naturalised
Lotus pedunculatus
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 657; CHR 563461
Fully naturalised
Lotus suaveolens
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 658; NZJB 40 (2): 172
Fully naturalised
Lotus tenuis
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 658
Fully naturalised
NOTES
(2)
Fully naturalised
F
O
O
O
O
F
* Fully naturalised specimens collected in Canterbury and Napier, but not yet published.
(1)
DC: Dicotyledonous herbs - composites; DL: Dicotyledonous lianes; DT: Dicotyledonous trees and shrubs; FE: Ferns;
GY: Gymnosperm trees and shrubs; L: Lycophytes; MG: Monocotyledonous herbs - grasses; ML: Monocotyledonous Lianes;
MO: Monocotyledonous herbs - orchids; MR: Monocotyledonous herbs - rushes; MS: Monocotyledonous herbs - sedges; MT:
Monocotyledonous trees and shrubs; OD: Dicotyledonous herbs - other than composites; OM: Monocotyledonous herbs - other
than orchids, grasses, sedges, rushes. (2) F: Fully naturalised in New Zealand; O: Occurs only in Canterbury.
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
51
TAXON NAME
FAMILY
GROWTH
FORM (1)
SOURCES
NATURALISED
STATUS IN
CANTERBURY
NOTES
(2)
Lunaria annua subsp.
annua
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 437
Fully naturalised
Lupinus angustifolius
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 659
Fully naturalised
Lupinus arboreus
Fabaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 660; CHR 509670
Fully naturalised
Lupinus arboreus × L.
polyphyllus
Fabaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 660; CHR 321971
Casual
Lupinus polyphyllus
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 661
Fully naturalised
Luzula congesta
Juncaceae
MR
FNZ (III): 111; q.v.: 14
Fully naturalised
Luzula multiflora
Juncaceae
MR
FNZ (III): 112
Fully naturalised
Lycium barbarum
Solanaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1226
Fully naturalised
Lycium ferocissimum
Solanaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1227; CHR 534662
Fully naturalised
Lythrum hyssopifolia
Lythraceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 818
Fully naturalised
Lythrum salicaria
Lythraceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 820
Fully naturalised
Madia sativa
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 224
Fully naturalised
Magnolia sieboldii
Magnoliaceae
DT
NZJB 40 (2): 163; q.v.: 28
Casual
Mahonia aquifolium
Berberidaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 358
Fully naturalised
Mahonia bealei
Berberidaceae
DT
NZJB 42 (5): 804
Casual
O
Mahonia lomariifolia
Berberidaceae
DT
NZJB 42 (5): 804
Casual*
O
Malus × domestica
Rosaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1085; CHR 455733
Fully naturalised
Malva moschata
Malvaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 831; q.v.: 22
Casual
Malva neglecta
Malvaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 833; CHR 572672
Fully naturalised
Malva nicaeensis
Malvaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 833
Fully naturalised
Malva parviflora
Malvaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 834; CHR 511277
Fully naturalised
Malva sylvestris
Malvaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 834
Fully naturalised
Malva verticillata
Malvaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 831
Casual
Mandevilla laxa
Apocynaceae
DL
NZJB 40 (2): 161; q.v.: 26
Casual
Marrubium vulgare
Lamiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 776
Fully naturalised
Marsilea mutica
Marsileaceae
FE
FNZ (IV): 27; q.v.: 15
Fully naturalised
Matricaria dioscoidea
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 171
Fully naturalised
Matthiola incana subsp.
incana
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 437
Fully naturalised
Maytenus boaria
Celastraceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 512; NZJB 37 (4): 630
Fully naturalised
Medicago arabica
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 662
Fully naturalised
Medicago arborea
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 663
Fully naturalised
Medicago glomerata
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 663
Fully naturalised
Medicago lupulina
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 664; CHR 483266
Fully naturalised
Medicago minima
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 664
Fully naturalised
Medicago nigra
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 665; CHR 121382
Fully naturalised
Medicago sativa
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 666
Fully naturalised
Medicago scutellata
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 662
Casual
F
O
O
O
* Fully naturalised specimens collected in Canterbury, but not yet published.
(1)
DC: Dicotyledonous herbs - composites; DL: Dicotyledonous lianes; DT: Dicotyledonous trees and shrubs; FE: Ferns;
GY: Gymnosperm trees and shrubs; L: Lycophytes; MG: Monocotyledonous herbs - grasses; ML: Monocotyledonous Lianes;
MO: Monocotyledonous herbs - orchids; MR: Monocotyledonous herbs - rushes; MS: Monocotyledonous herbs - sedges; MT:
Monocotyledonous trees and shrubs; OD: Dicotyledonous herbs - other than composites; OM: Monocotyledonous herbs - other
than orchids, grasses, sedges, rushes. (2) F: Fully naturalised in New Zealand; O: Occurs only in Canterbury.
52
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
TAXON NAME
FAMILY
GROWTH
FORM (1)
SOURCES
NATURALISED
STATUS IN
CANTERBURY
NOTES
OD
FNZ (IV): 134; q.v.: 17
Casual*
F
(2)
Melanoselinum decipiens
Apiaceae
Melianthus major
Melianthaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 839; CHR 196976
Fully naturalised
Melica minuta
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 223
Casual
Melilotus albus
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 667
Fully naturalised
Melilotus indicus
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 667
Fully naturalised
Melilotus officinalis
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 668
Fully naturalised
Melissa officinalis
Lamiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 777; CHR 472590
Fully naturalised
Mentha × piperita var.
citrata
Lamiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 779; CHR 496472
Fully naturalised
Mentha × piperita var.
piperita
Lamiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 779; CHR 494040
Fully naturalised
Mentha pulegium
Lamiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 780; CHR 118338
Fully naturalised
Mentha spicata subsp.
spicata
Lamiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 781; CHR 494033
Fully naturalised
Mentha suaveolens
Lamiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 782; CHR 5593
Fully naturalised
Menyanthes trifoliata
Menyanthaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 840
Eradicated
Mercurialis annua
Euphorbiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 634
Fully naturalised
Mesembryanthemum
crystallinum
Aizoaceae
OD
NZJB 33 (2): 155
Casual
O
Milium effusum
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 292
Casual
O
Mimulus guttatus
Scrophulariaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1197; CHR 478715
Fully naturalised
Mimulus luteus
Scrophulariaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1197; NZJB 37 (4):
641
Casual
Mimulus moschatus
Scrophulariaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1197; CHR 418751
Fully naturalised
Mirabilis jalapa
Nyctaginaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 871
Fully naturalised
Miscanthus sinensis
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 608
Fully naturalised
Modiola caroliniana
Malvaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 835
Fully naturalised
Moenchia erecta
Caryophyllaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 486
Fully naturalised
Montia fontana subsp.
chondrosperma
Portulacaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 990
Fully naturalised
Muscari armeniacum
Hyacinthaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 56
Fully naturalised
Mycelis muralis
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 339; CHR 479869
Fully naturalised
Myoporum insulare
Myoporaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 845; CHR 530146
Fully naturalised
Myosotis arvensis
Boraginaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 380; CHR 58006
Fully naturalised
Myosotis discolor
Boraginaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 381; CHR 35403
Fully naturalised
Myosotis laxa subsp.
caespitosa
Boraginaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 381; CHR 25506
Fully naturalised
Myosotis scorpioides
Boraginaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 382; CHR 145891
Fully naturalised
Myosotis stricta
Boraginaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 382; CHR 5580
Fully naturalised
Myosotis sylvatica
Boraginaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 383; CHR 149388
Fully naturalised
Myricaria germanica
Tamaricaceae
DT
NZJB 37 (4): 633
Fully naturalised
O
O
O
* Reported wild on Banks Peninsula by Wilson (1999).
(1)
DC: Dicotyledonous herbs - composites; DL: Dicotyledonous lianes; DT: Dicotyledonous trees and shrubs; FE: Ferns;
GY: Gymnosperm trees and shrubs; L: Lycophytes; MG: Monocotyledonous herbs - grasses; ML: Monocotyledonous Lianes;
MO: Monocotyledonous herbs - orchids; MR: Monocotyledonous herbs - rushes; MS: Monocotyledonous herbs - sedges; MT:
Monocotyledonous trees and shrubs; OD: Dicotyledonous herbs - other than composites; OM: Monocotyledonous herbs - other
than orchids, grasses, sedges, rushes. (2) F: Fully naturalised in New Zealand; O: Occurs only in Canterbury.
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
53
TAXON NAME
FAMILY
GROWTH
FORM (1)
SOURCES
NATURALISED
STATUS IN
CANTERBURY
Myriophyllum aquaticum
Haloragaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 754
Fully naturalised
Myriophyllum simulans
Haloragaceae
OD
NZJB 33 (2): 166; NZJB 40 (2):
168
Casual
Narcissus × incomparabilis
Amaryllidaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 71; CHR 83329
Fully naturalised
Narcissus × medioluteus
Amaryllidaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 71; CHR 83344
Fully naturalised
Narcissus poeticus
Amaryllidaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 72; CHR 83345
Fully naturalised
Narcissus pseudonarcissus
Amaryllidaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 72; CHR 89535
Fully naturalised
Narcissus tazetta
Amaryllidaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 72; CHR 83338
Fully naturalised
Nardus stricta
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 62; CHR 472549
Fully naturalised
Nassella trichotoma
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 82
Fully naturalised
Nasturtium microphyllum
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 442 as Rorippa
microphylla; CHR 572668
Fully naturalised
Nasturtium officinale
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 443 as Rorippa
nasturtium-aquaticum; CHR
494863
Fully naturalised
Navarretia squarrosa
Polemoniaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 959; CHR 479642
Fully naturalised
Nepeta cataria
Lamiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 783; CHR 480441
Fully naturalised
Nepeta mussinii
Lamiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 783
Fully naturalised
Nicandra physalodes
Solanaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1228; CHR 498382
Fully naturalised
Nicotiana × sanderae
Solanaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1230; NZJB 40 (2):
170
Casual
Nicotiana rustica
Solanaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1231
Fully naturalised
Nicotiana sylvestris
Solanaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1232
Fully naturalised
Nierembergia repens
Solanaceae
OD
NZJB 33 (2):179; NZJB 40 (2):
170
Casual
Nigella damascena
Ranunculaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1012
Fully naturalised
Nothofagus antarctica
Fagaceae
DT
NZJB 37 (4): 636
Casual
Nothoscordum gracile
Alliaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 57 as N. inodorum
Fully naturalised
Nymphaea alba
Nymphaeaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 872
Fully naturalised
Nymphoides geminata
Menyanthaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 841
Fully naturalised
Oenanthe pimpinelloides
Apiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 135; NZJB 40 (2): 171
Fully naturalised
Oenothera affinis
Onagraceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 909
Fully naturalised
Oenothera biennis
Onagraceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 910
Fully naturalised
Oenothera glazioviana
Onagraceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 910; CHR 418767
Fully naturalised
Oenothera stricta
Onagraceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 912; CHR 479519
Fully naturalised
Olearia argophylla
Asteraceae
DT
NZJB 42 (5): 804
Casual
Onobrychis viciifolia
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 641
Casual
Ononis campestris
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 669
Fully naturalised
Ononis repens
Fabaceae
OD
NZJB 33 (2): 165
Fully naturalised
Onopordum acanthium
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 314
Fully naturalised
Onopordum tauricum
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 314
Casual
(1)
NOTES
(2)
O
O
O
O
O
O
DC: Dicotyledonous herbs - composites; DL: Dicotyledonous lianes; DT: Dicotyledonous trees and shrubs; FE: Ferns;
GY: Gymnosperm trees and shrubs; L: Lycophytes; MG: Monocotyledonous herbs - grasses; ML: Monocotyledonous Lianes;
MO: Monocotyledonous herbs - orchids; MR: Monocotyledonous herbs - rushes; MS: Monocotyledonous herbs - sedges; MT:
Monocotyledonous trees and shrubs; OD: Dicotyledonous herbs - other than composites; OM: Monocotyledonous herbs - other
than orchids, grasses, sedges, rushes. (2) F: Fully naturalised in New Zealand; O: Occurs only in Canterbury.
54
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
TAXON NAME
FAMILY
GROWTH
FORM (1)
SOURCES
NATURALISED
STATUS IN
CANTERBURY
NOTES
O
(2)
Opuntia cylindrica
Cactaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 453; NZJB 37 (4):
639; NZJB 40 (2): 167
Casual*
Opuntia ficus-indica
Cactaceae
DT
NZJB 40 (2): 158
Fully naturalised
Opuntia monacantha
Cactaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 453 as Opuntia
vulgaris; q.v.: 13
Fully naturalised
Opuntia robusta
Cactaceae
DT
NZJB 40 (2): 161
Casual
Origanum vulgare
Lamiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 784; CHR 509662
Fully naturalised
Ornithogalum umbellatum
Hyacinthaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 58
Fully naturalised
Orobanche minor
Orobanchaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 913; CHR 419654
Fully naturalised
Oscularia caulescens
Aizoaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 93
Casual
O
O
Osmanthus heterophyllus
Oleaceae
DT
NZJB 42 (5): 809
Casual
Osteospermum fruticosum
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 202
Fully naturalised
Osteospermum jucundum
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 203
Fully naturalised
Othonna capensis
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 263
Fully naturalised
Oxalis articulata
Oxalidaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 916
Fully naturalised
Oxalis bowiei
Oxalidaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 916
Casual
Oxalis corniculata
Oxalidaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 917; CHR 479749
Fully naturalised
Oxalis debilis
Oxalidaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 918; CHR 574104
Fully naturalised
Oxalis hirta
Oxalidaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 919; q.v.: 23
Casual
Oxalis incarnata
Oxalidaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 920; CHR 574153
Fully naturalised
Oxalis latifolia
Oxalidaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 920; CHR 572659
Fully naturalised
Oxalis perennans
Oxalidaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 921
Fully naturalised
Oxalis pes-caprae
Oxalidaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 921
Fully naturalised
Oxalis thompsoniae
Oxalidaceae
OD
NZJB 33 (2): 173
Fully naturalised
Oxalis tuberosa
Oxalidaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 923; CHR 172619
Fully naturalised
O
O
F
Oxalis vallicola
Oxalidaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 923; CHR 461161
Fully naturalised
Oxypetalum caeruleum
Asclepiadaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 148
Casual
O
Oxyria digyna
Polygonaceae
OD
NZJB 40 (2): 165
Casual
O
Pandorea pandorana
Bignoniaceae
DL
FNZ (IV): 365; q.v.: 19
Casual
F
Panicum capillare
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 558
Fully naturalised
Panicum miliaceum
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 561; CHR 85742
Fully naturalised
Panicum schinzii
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 562
Fully naturalised
Papaver argemone
Papaveraceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 931
Fully naturalised
Papaver atlanticum
Papaveraceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 931
Fully naturalised
Papaver dubium
Papaveraceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 932
Fully naturalised
Papaver hybridum
Papaveraceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 932
Fully naturalised
Papaver nudicaule
Papaveraceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 931
Casual
O
Papaver pseudorientale
Papaveraceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 931
Casual
O
Papaver rhoeas
Papaveraceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 932
Fully naturalised
* Also reported on Burgess Island (Mokohinau Group), without substantiating specimen.
(1)
DC: Dicotyledonous herbs - composites; DL: Dicotyledonous lianes; DT: Dicotyledonous trees and shrubs; FE: Ferns;
GY: Gymnosperm trees and shrubs; L: Lycophytes; MG: Monocotyledonous herbs - grasses; ML: Monocotyledonous Lianes;
MO: Monocotyledonous herbs - orchids; MR: Monocotyledonous herbs - rushes; MS: Monocotyledonous herbs - sedges; MT:
Monocotyledonous trees and shrubs; OD: Dicotyledonous herbs - other than composites; OM: Monocotyledonous herbs - other
than orchids, grasses, sedges, rushes. (2) F: Fully naturalised in New Zealand; O: Occurs only in Canterbury.
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
55
TAXON NAME
FAMILY
GROWTH
FORM (1)
SOURCES
NATURALISED
STATUS IN
CANTERBURY
Papaver somniferum subsp.
setigerum
Papaveraceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 933
Fully naturalised
Papaver somniferum subsp.
somniferum
Papaveraceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 933; CHR 280408
Fully naturalised
Parapholis incurva
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 213
Fully naturalised
Paraserianthes lophantha
Fabaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 702
Fully naturalised
Parentucellia viscosa
Scrophulariaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1200; CHR 479870
Fully naturalised
NOTES
(2)
Parietaria judaica
Urticaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1263
Fully naturalised
Paspalum dilatatum
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 566
Fully naturalised
Paspalum distichum
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 567
Fully naturalised
Passiflora × rosea
Passifloraceae
DL
FNZ (IV): 935
Fully naturalised
Passiflora caerulea
Passifloraceae
DL
FNZ (IV): 935
Fully naturalised
Passiflora pinnatistipula
Passifloraceae
DL
FNZ (IV): 938; NZJB 41 (2): 219
Fully naturalised
Passiflora tarminiana
Passifloraceae
DL
NZJB 41 (2): 219; NZJB 42 (5):
813
Fully naturalised
Passiflora tripartita var.
azuarensis
Passifloraceae
DL
NZJB 41 (2): 219; NZJB 42 (5):
813
Fully naturalised
Passiflora tripartita var.
mollissima
Passifloraceae
DL
NZJB 41 (2): 219; NZJB 42 (5):
813
Fully naturalised
Pastinaca sativa
Apiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 136
Fully naturalised
Paulownia tomentosa
Scrophulariaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1200
Fully naturalised
Pelargonium × asperum
Geraniaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 738
Fully naturalised
Pelargonium × fragrans
Geraniaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 739
Fully naturalised
Pelargonium × hortorum
Geraniaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 739; CHR 420264
Fully naturalised
Pelargonium crispum
Geraniaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 738
Casual
Pelargonium peltatum
Geraniaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 740
Fully naturalised
Pennisetum alopecuroides
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 573; q.v.: 23
Casual
F
Pennisetum clandestinum
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 574
Casual
F
Pennisetum macrourum
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 576; CHR 234670
Fully naturalised
Pennisetum setaceum
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 578; q.v.: 24
Casual
Pennisetum villosum
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 578
Fully naturalised
Pentaglottis sempervirens
Boraginaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 391; CHR 413988
Fully naturalised
Pentapogon quadrifidus
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 285
Fully naturalised
Pericallis × hybrida
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 263
Fully naturalised
Persicaria capitata
Polygonaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 972 as Polygonum
capitatum
Fully naturalised
Persicaria hydropiper
Polygonaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 972 as Polygonum
hydropiper.; CHR 480602
Fully naturalised
Persicaria lapthifolia
Polygonaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 973 as Polygonum
lapathifoliu.
Fully naturalised
Persicaria mollis
Polygonaceae
OD
NZJB 33 (2): 174 as Polygonum
molle
Casual
(1)
O
O
O
F
O
DC: Dicotyledonous herbs - composites; DL: Dicotyledonous lianes; DT: Dicotyledonous trees and shrubs; FE: Ferns;
GY: Gymnosperm trees and shrubs; L: Lycophytes; MG: Monocotyledonous herbs - grasses; ML: Monocotyledonous Lianes;
MO: Monocotyledonous herbs - orchids; MR: Monocotyledonous herbs - rushes; MS: Monocotyledonous herbs - sedges; MT:
Monocotyledonous trees and shrubs; OD: Dicotyledonous herbs - other than composites; OM: Monocotyledonous herbs - other
than orchids, grasses, sedges, rushes. (2) F: Fully naturalised in New Zealand; O: Occurs only in Canterbury.
56
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
TAXON NAME
FAMILY
GROWTH
FORM (1)
SOURCES
NATURALISED
STATUS IN
CANTERBURY
NOTES
(2)
Persicaria orientalis
Polygonaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 973 as Polygonum
orientale
Fully naturalised
Petasites fragrans
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 264
Fully naturalised
Petrorhagia prolifera
Caryophyllaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 488
Fully naturalised
Petrorhagia velutina
Caryophyllaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 489
Fully naturalised
Petroselinum crispum
Apiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 136
Fully naturalised
Petunia × hybrida
Solanaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1233
Fully naturalised
Phacelia tanacetifolia
Hydrophyllaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 759
Fully naturalised
Phalaris aquatica
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 352; CHR 481600
Fully naturalised
Phalaris arundinacea
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 352
Fully naturalised
Phalaris canariensis
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 353; CHR 479539
Fully naturalised
Phalaris minor
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 354; CHR 479509
Fully naturalised
Phalaris paradoxa
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 354
Fully naturalised
Phaseolus coccineus
Fabaceae
DL
FNZ (IV): 673
Fully naturalised
Phleum pratense
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 286
Fully naturalised
Phlomis fruticosa
Lamiaceae
DT
NZJB 33 (2): 167
Fully naturalised
Phlomis russeliana
Lamiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 785
Fully naturalised
Phlox drummondii
Polemoniaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 960
Fully naturalised
Phlox paniculata
Polemoniaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 960
Fully naturalised
Phragmites australis
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 421; q.v.: 15
Fully naturalised
Phygelius capensis
Scrophulariaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1201; q.v.: 25
Casual
F
Phyllitis scolopendrium
Aspleniaceae
FE
FNZ (IV): 12
Fully naturalised
O
Phyllostachys aurea
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 26; q.v.: 24
Casual
F
Physalis peruviana
Solanaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1234; CHR 472489
Fully naturalised
Phytolacca americana
Phytolaccaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 940; q.v.: 23
Casual
F
Phytolacca clavigera
Phytolaccaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 941
Fully naturalised
O
Phytolacca octandra
Phytolaccaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 941
Fully naturalised
Picea abies
Pinaceae
GY
FNZ (IV): 49
Casual
Picea sitchensis
Pinaceae
GY
FNZ (IV): 49
Fully naturalised
Pinus banksiana
Pinaceae
GY
FNZ (IV): 51
Fully naturalised
Pinus contorta
Pinaceae
GY
FNZ (IV): 52
Fully naturalised
Pinus halepensis
Pinaceae
GY
FNZ (IV): 52
Fully naturalised
Pinus mugo
Pinaceae
GY
FNZ (IV): 53
Fully naturalised
Pinus muricata
Pinaceae
GY
FNZ (IV): 53
Fully naturalised
Pinus nigra subsp. laricio
Pinaceae
GY
FNZ (IV): 55
Fully naturalised
Pinus nigra subsp. nigra
Pinaceae
GY
FNZ (IV): 55
Fully naturalised
Pinus pinaster
Pinaceae
GY
FNZ (IV): 56
Fully naturalised
Pinus ponderosa
Pinaceae
GY
FNZ (IV): 57; CHR 418926
Fully naturalised
Pinus radiata
Pinaceae
GY
FNZ (IV): 58
Fully naturalised
Pinus strobus
Pinaceae
GY
FNZ (IV): 58
Fully naturalised
Pinus sylvestris
Pinaceae
GY
FNZ (IV): 59
Fully naturalised
O
O
O
(1)
DC: Dicotyledonous herbs - composites; DL: Dicotyledonous lianes; DT: Dicotyledonous trees and shrubs; FE: Ferns;
GY: Gymnosperm trees and shrubs; L: Lycophytes; MG: Monocotyledonous herbs - grasses; ML: Monocotyledonous Lianes;
MO: Monocotyledonous herbs - orchids; MR: Monocotyledonous herbs - rushes; MS: Monocotyledonous herbs - sedges; MT:
Monocotyledonous trees and shrubs; OD: Dicotyledonous herbs - other than composites; OM: Monocotyledonous herbs - other
than orchids, grasses, sedges, rushes. (2) F: Fully naturalised in New Zealand; O: Occurs only in Canterbury.
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
57
TAXON NAME
FAMILY
GROWTH
FORM (1)
SOURCES
NATURALISED
STATUS IN
CANTERBURY
NOTES
O
(2)
Piptanthus laburnifolius
Fabaceae
DT
NZJB 40 (2): 162
Casual
Piptatherum miliaceum
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 83
Fully naturalised
Pisum sativum
Fabaceae
DL
FNZ (IV): 674
Fully naturalised
Plantago coronopus
Plantaginaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 947; CHR 518328
Fully naturalised
Plantago debilis
Plantaginaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 947
Fully naturalised
Plantago lanceolata
Plantaginaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 948; CHR 437853
Fully naturalised
Plantago major
Plantaginaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 949; CHR 479901
Fully naturalised
Plantago scabra
Plantaginaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 949
Fully naturalised
Pleioblastus chino
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 31
Fully naturalised
Poa alpina
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 191
Casual
Poa annua
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 141; CHR 479541
Fully naturalised
Poa compressa
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 155
Fully naturalised
Poa infirma
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 164
Fully naturalised
Poa labillardierei
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 167
Fully naturalised
Poa nemoralis
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 173
Fully naturalised
Poa pratensis
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 176; CHR 479514
Fully naturalised
Poa trivialis
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 189; CHR 482682
Fully naturalised
Polemonium caeruleum
Polemoniaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 961; q.v.: 24
Casual
Polycarpon tetraphyllum
Caryophyllaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 489; CHR 419660
Fully naturalised
Polygala myrtifolia
Polygalaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 963; q.v.: 24
Casual
Polygala serpyllifolia
Polygalaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 963
Fully naturalised
Polygonatum × hybridum
Convallariaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 58
Fully naturalised
Polygonum arenastrum
Polygonaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 970; CHR 534663
Fully naturalised
Polygonum aviculare
Polygonaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 971; CHR 563438
Fully naturalised
Polygonum persicaria
Polygonaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 974; CHR 480603
Fully naturalised
Polypodium vulgare
Polypodiaceae
FE
FNZ (IV): 28
Fully naturalised
Polypogon fugax
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 287
Fully naturalised
Polypogon monspeliensis
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 288; CHR 156709
Fully naturalised
Pomaderris aspera
Rhamnaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1044
Fully naturalised
Populus × canadensis
Salicaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1155; CHR 437566
Fully naturalised
Populus × canescens
Salicaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1156
Fully naturalised
Populus × gileadensis
Salicaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1157
Fully naturalised
Populus alba
Salicaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1154; CHR 477874
Fully naturalised
Populus deltoides
Salicaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1156; CHR 385858
Fully naturalised
Populus nigra
Salicaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1158; CHR 201213
Fully naturalised
Populus tremula
Salicaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1158
Fully naturalised
O
Populus trichocarpa
Salicaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1159
Fully naturalised
O
Populus yunnanensis
Salicaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1159
Fully naturalised
Portulaca grandiflora
Portulacaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 991; NZJB 36 (2): 162
Casual
Portulaca oleracea
Portulacaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 991
Fully naturalised
Potamogeton crispus
Potamogetonaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 37
Fully naturalised
(1)
F
F
O
DC: Dicotyledonous herbs - composites; DL: Dicotyledonous lianes; DT: Dicotyledonous trees and shrubs; FE: Ferns;
GY: Gymnosperm trees and shrubs; L: Lycophytes; MG: Monocotyledonous herbs - grasses; ML: Monocotyledonous Lianes;
MO: Monocotyledonous herbs - orchids; MR: Monocotyledonous herbs - rushes; MS: Monocotyledonous herbs - sedges; MT:
Monocotyledonous trees and shrubs; OD: Dicotyledonous herbs - other than composites; OM: Monocotyledonous herbs - other
than orchids, grasses, sedges, rushes. (2) F: Fully naturalised in New Zealand; O: Occurs only in Canterbury.
58
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
TAXON NAME
FAMILY
GROWTH
FORM (1)
SOURCES
NATURALISED
STATUS IN
CANTERBURY
Potentilla anglica
Rosaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1087
Fully naturalised
Potentilla argentea
Rosaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1087
Fully naturalised
Potentilla recta
Rosaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1088
Fully naturalised
Potentilla reptans
Rosaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1088
Fully naturalised
Primula vulgaris
Primulaceae
OD
NZJB 33 (2): 174
Fully naturalised
Prunella vulgaris
Lamiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 788; CHR 479876
Fully naturalised
Prunus × domestica
Rosaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1094; CHR 455734
Fully naturalised
Prunus armeniaca
Rosaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1091; NZJB 37 (4):
641
Casual
Prunus avium
Rosaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1092
Fully naturalised
Prunus cerasifera
Rosaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1093; CHR 439934
Fully naturalised
Prunus cerasus
Rosaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1094
Fully naturalised
Prunus laurocerasus
Rosaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1095
Fully naturalised
Prunus lusitanica
Rosaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1096
Fully naturalised
Prunus mahaleb
Rosaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1096
Fully naturalised
Prunus persica
Rosaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1097
Fully naturalised
Prunus spinosa
Rosaceae
DT
NZJB 37 (4): 637
Casual
Pseudosasa japonica
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 34
Fully naturalised
Pseudotsuga menziesii
Pinaceae
GY
FNZ (IV): 60
Fully naturalised
Pteris cretica
Pteridaceae
FE
FNZ (IV): 35
Fully naturalised
Ptilostemon afer subsp. afer
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 315
Fully naturalised
Puccinellia distans
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 196
Fully naturalised
Puccinellia fasciculata
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 197
Fully naturalised
Pyracantha crenatoserrata
Rosaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1099; q.v.: 15
Fully naturalised
Pyracantha crenulata
Rosaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1100
Fully naturalised
Pyrus communis
Rosaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1101; CHR 455737
Fully naturalised
Quercus cerris
Fagaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 711; CHR 437703
Fully naturalised
Quercus ilex
Fagaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 711
Fully naturalised
Quercus robur
Fagaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 712; CHR 496464
Fully naturalised
Quercus rubra
Fagaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 712
Fully naturalised
Quillaja saponaria
Rosaceae
DT
NZJB 42 (5): 810
Casual
Ranunculus acris subsp.
acris
Ranunculaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1019
Fully naturalised
Ranunculus arvensis
Ranunculaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1020
Fully naturalised
Ranunculus bulbosus subsp.
bulbosus
Ranunculaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1020
Fully naturalised
Ranunculus ficaria subsp.
bulbilifer
Ranunculaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1021
Fully naturalised
Ranunculus ficaria subsp.
calthifolius
Ranunculaceae
OD
NZJB 33 (2): 176
Casual
Ranunculus ficaria subsp.
ficariiformis
Ranunculaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1021
Fully naturalised
NOTES
(2)
O
O
O
O
O
(1) DC: Dicotyledonous herbs - composites; DL: Dicotyledonous lianes; DT: Dicotyledonous trees and shrubs; FE: Ferns;
GY: Gymnosperm trees and shrubs; L: Lycophytes; MG: Monocotyledonous herbs - grasses; ML: Monocotyledonous Lianes;
MO: Monocotyledonous herbs - orchids; MR: Monocotyledonous herbs - rushes; MS: Monocotyledonous herbs - sedges; MT:
Monocotyledonous trees and shrubs; OD: Dicotyledonous herbs - other than composites; OM: Monocotyledonous herbs - other
than orchids, grasses, sedges, rushes. (2) F: Fully naturalised in New Zealand; O: Occurs only in Canterbury.
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
59
TAXON NAME
FAMILY
GROWTH
FORM (1)
SOURCES
NATURALISED
STATUS IN
CANTERBURY
NOTES
(2)
Ranunculus flammula
Ranunculaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1021; CHR 574342
Fully naturalised
Ranunculus muricatus
Ranunculaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1022; q.v.: 15
Casual
Ranunculus parviflorus
Ranunculaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1022
Fully naturalised
Ranunculus repens
Ranunculaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1023; CHR 512143
Fully naturalised
Ranunculus sardous
Ranunculaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1023
Fully naturalised
Ranunculus sceleratus
Ranunculaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1024; CHR 418526
Fully naturalised
Ranunculus trichophyllus
Ranunculaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1025; CHR 483294
Fully naturalised
Raphanus raphanistrum
subsp. maritimus
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 439
Fully naturalised
Raphanus raphanistrum
subsp. raphanistrum
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 439
Fully naturalised
Raphanus sativus
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 439; CHR 68054
Fully naturalised
Rapistrum rugosum
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 440; CHR 98176
Fully naturalised
Reseda alba
Resedaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1040
Fully naturalised
Reseda lutea
Resedaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1041
Fully naturalised
Reseda luteola
Resedaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1041
Fully naturalised
Reynoutria japonica
Polygonaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 978
Fully naturalised
Reynoutria sachalinensis
Polygonaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 979
Fully naturalised
Rhamnus alaternus
Rhamnaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1047
Fully naturalised
Rhaphiolepis umbellata
Rosaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1102; q.v.: 25
Casual
F
Rheum rhabarbarum
Polygonaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 979
Fully naturalised
O
Rhus typhina
Anacardiaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 109
Fully naturalised
Ribes nigrum
Grossulariaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 744
Fully naturalised
Ribes odoratum
Grossulariaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 745
Fully naturalised
Ribes rubrum
Grossulariaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 746
Fully naturalised
Ribes sanguineum
Grossulariaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 746
Fully naturalised
Ribes uva-crispa
Grossulariaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 747
Fully naturalised
Ricinus communis
Euphorbiaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 634
Fully naturalised
Robinia pseudacacia
Fabaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 676
Fully naturalised
Roldana petasitis
Asteraceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 275 as Senecio
petasitis; q.v.: 19
Casual
F
Romneya coulteri
Papaveraceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 927
Casual
O
Romulea rosea
Iridaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 132; q.v.: 22
Casual
F
Rorippa sylvestris
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 442; CHR 572690
Fully naturalised
Rosa × centifolia
Rosaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1106
Casual
Rosa canina
Rosaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1108
Fully naturalised
Rosa gallica
Rosaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1108
Fully naturalised
Rosa ‘Madame Plantier’
Rosaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1107
Casual
Rosa multiflora
Rosaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1112; CHR 474072
Fully naturalised
Rosa rubiginosa
Rosaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1113; CHR 478929
Fully naturalised
Rosa sempervirens hybrids
Rosaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1116
Fully naturalised
(1)
F
O
DC: Dicotyledonous herbs - composites; DL: Dicotyledonous lianes; DT: Dicotyledonous trees and shrubs; FE: Ferns;
GY: Gymnosperm trees and shrubs; L: Lycophytes; MG: Monocotyledonous herbs - grasses; ML: Monocotyledonous Lianes;
MO: Monocotyledonous herbs - orchids; MR: Monocotyledonous herbs - rushes; MS: Monocotyledonous herbs - sedges; MT:
Monocotyledonous trees and shrubs; OD: Dicotyledonous herbs - other than composites; OM: Monocotyledonous herbs - other
than orchids, grasses, sedges, rushes. (2) F: Fully naturalised in New Zealand; O: Occurs only in Canterbury.
60
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
TAXON NAME
FAMILY
GROWTH
FORM (1)
SOURCES
NATURALISED
STATUS IN
CANTERBURY
NOTES
O
Rosa tomentosa
Rosaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1107; NZJB 37 (4):
641
Casual
Rosa wichuriana ‘Dorothy
Perkins’ group
Rosaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1117; CHR 459122
Fully naturalised
Rubus fruticosus agg. R.
caesius
Rosaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1124; NZJB 40 (2):
170
Casual
Rubus fruticosus agg. R.
echinatus
Rosaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1126
Fully naturalised
Rubus fruticosus agg. R.
laciniatus
Rosaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1127; CHR 496791
Fully naturalised
Rubus fruticosus agg. R.
procerus
Rosaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1130
Fully naturalised
Rubus fruticosus agg. R.
ulmifolius
Rosaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1131
Fully naturalised
Rubus fruticosus agg. R.
vestitus
Rosaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1131
Fully naturalised
Rubus idaeus
Rosaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1132
Fully naturalised
Rubus phoenicolasius
Rosaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1132
Fully naturalised
Rudbeckia hirta
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 225; NZJB 37 (4): 639
Casual
Rudbeckia laciniata
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 225
Fully naturalised
Rumex acetosa
Polygonaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 981
Fully naturalised
Rumex acetosella
Polygonaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 982; CHR 479854
Fully naturalised
Rumex brownii
Polygonaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 982
Fully naturalised
Rumex conglomeratus
Polygonaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 983; CHR 468875
Fully naturalised
Rumex crispus
Polygonaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 983; CHR 437861
Fully naturalised
Rumex obtusifolius
Polygonaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 984; CHR 512094
Fully naturalised
Rumex pulcher
Polygonaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 985; CHR 573974
Fully naturalised
Rumex sagittatus
Polygonaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 985; q.v.: 24
Casual
Rumex tenuifolius
Polygonaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 986
Fully naturalised
Rumex vesicarius
Polygonaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 981
Casual
Ruschia tumidula
Aizoaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 99
Fully naturalised
Rytidosperma caespitosum
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 468
Fully naturalised
Rytidosperma geniculatum
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 472
Fully naturalised
Rytidosperma penicillatum
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 479
Fully naturalised
Rytidosperma pilosum
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 480
Fully naturalised
Rytidosperma racemosum
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 483
Fully naturalised
Sagina apetala
Caryophyllaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 490
Fully naturalised
Sagina procumbens
Caryophyllaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 491; CHR 512202
Fully naturalised
Sagina subulata
Caryophyllaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 491
Fully naturalised
Salix × calodendron
Salicaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1167
Fully naturalised
Salix × chrysocoma
Salicaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1167; CHR 193574
Fully naturalised
Salix × reichardtii
Salicaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1173; CHR 232080
Fully naturalised
Salix × rubens
Salicaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1174
Fully naturalised
(2)
F
O
(1)
DC: Dicotyledonous herbs - composites; DL: Dicotyledonous lianes; DT: Dicotyledonous trees and shrubs; FE: Ferns;
GY: Gymnosperm trees and shrubs; L: Lycophytes; MG: Monocotyledonous herbs - grasses; ML: Monocotyledonous Lianes;
MO: Monocotyledonous herbs - orchids; MR: Monocotyledonous herbs - rushes; MS: Monocotyledonous herbs - sedges; MT:
Monocotyledonous trees and shrubs; OD: Dicotyledonous herbs - other than composites; OM: Monocotyledonous herbs - other
than orchids, grasses, sedges, rushes. (2) F: Fully naturalised in New Zealand; O: Occurs only in Canterbury.
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
61
TAXON NAME
FAMILY
GROWTH
FORM (1)
SOURCES
NATURALISED
STATUS IN
CANTERBURY
Salix alba var. alba
Salicaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1165
Salix alba var. vitellina
Salicaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1166
Fully naturalised
Salix babylonica
Salicaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1166; CHR 193569
Fully naturalised
Salix cinerea
Salicaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1168; CHR 369252
Fully naturalised
Salix daphnoides
Salicaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1169
Fully naturalised
Salix elaeagnos
Salicaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1169
Fully naturalised
Salix fragilis
Salicaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1170; CHR 369218
Fully naturalised
Salix glaucophylloides
Salicaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1170
Fully naturalised
Salix matsudana
Salicaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1171
Fully naturalised
Salix purpurea
Salicaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1172
Fully naturalised
Salix viminalis
Salicaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1175
Fully naturalised
Salpichroa origanifolia
Solanaceae
DL
FNZ (IV): 1236
Fully naturalised
Salpiglossis sinuata
Solanaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1237
Fully naturalised
(2)
Fully naturalised
Salsola kali
Chenopodiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 534
Fully naturalised
Salvia glutinosa
Lamiaceae
OD
NZJB 42 (5): 807
Casual
Salvia reflexa
Lamiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 791
Fully naturalised
Salvia verbenaca
Lamiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 792; CHR 480440
Fully naturalised
Sambucus nigra
Caprifoliaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 469
Fully naturalised
Sambucus pubens
Caprifoliaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 470
Fully naturalised
Sanguisorba minor subsp.
muricata
Rosaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1137
Fully naturalised
Saponaria officinalis
Caryophyllaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 492
Fully naturalised
Sasa palmata
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 36
Fully naturalised
Sasaella ramosa
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 37
Fully naturalised
Scabiosa atropurpurea
Dipsacaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 600
Fully naturalised
Scandix pecten-veneris
Apiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 115; CHR 19252
Casual
Schedonorus phoenix
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 205; CHR 474944
Fully naturalised
Schinus molle
Anacardiaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 110
Fully naturalised
Schizostylis coccinea
Iridaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 133
Fully naturalised
Scilla peruviana
Hyacinthaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 60
Fully naturalised
Scleranthus annuus
Caryophyllaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 493
Fully naturalised
Scleranthus fasciculatus
Caryophyllaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 493
Fully naturalised
Scorpiurus muricatus
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 676
Fully naturalised
Scrophularia nodosa
Scrophulariaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1202
Fully naturalised
Secale cereale
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 410; CHR 478464
Fully naturalised
Sedum × rubrotinctum
Crassulaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 587
Casual
Sedum acre
Crassulaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 587
Fully naturalised
Sedum album
Crassulaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 588
Fully naturalised
Sedum dasyphyllum
Crassulaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 586; NZJB 40 (2): 158
Fully naturalised
Sedum decumbens
Crassulaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 589
Fully naturalised
Sedum mexicanum
Crassulaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 587; NZJB 33 (2): 181
Fully naturalised
(1)
NOTES
O
O
O
O
DC: Dicotyledonous herbs - composites; DL: Dicotyledonous lianes; DT: Dicotyledonous trees and shrubs; FE: Ferns;
GY: Gymnosperm trees and shrubs; L: Lycophytes; MG: Monocotyledonous herbs - grasses; ML: Monocotyledonous Lianes;
MO: Monocotyledonous herbs - orchids; MR: Monocotyledonous herbs - rushes; MS: Monocotyledonous herbs - sedges; MT:
Monocotyledonous trees and shrubs; OD: Dicotyledonous herbs - other than composites; OM: Monocotyledonous herbs - other
than orchids, grasses, sedges, rushes. (2) F: Fully naturalised in New Zealand; O: Occurs only in Canterbury.
62
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
TAXON NAME
FAMILY
GROWTH
FORM (1)
SOURCES
NATURALISED
STATUS IN
CANTERBURY
NOTES
(2)
Sedum praealtum subsp.
praealtum
Crassulaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 590
Fully naturalised
Sedum reflexum
Crassulaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 591
Fully naturalised
Sedum spectabile
Crassulaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 591
Fully naturalised
Selaginella kraussiana
Selaginellaceae
L
FNZ (IV): 5
Fully naturalised
Senecio angulatus
Asteraceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 270
Fully naturalised
Senecio bipinnatisectus
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 271
Fully naturalised
Senecio cineraria
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 272
Fully naturalised
Senecio crassiflorus
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 270; NZJB 40 (2): 167
Casual
Senecio elegans
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 273
Fully naturalised
Senecio glastifolius
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 273
Fully naturalised
Senecio hypoleucus
Asteraceae
DC
NZJB 42 (5): 804
Casual
Senecio jacobaea
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 273; CHR 123279
Fully naturalised
Senecio mikanioides
Asteraceae
DL
FNZ (IV): 275; CHR 170142
Fully naturalised
Senecio skirrhodon
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 275
Fully naturalised
Senecio sylvaticus
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 276; CHR 567162
Fully naturalised
Senecio vulgaris
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 277
Fully naturalised
Sesleria albicans
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 211
Casual
O
Sesleria autumnalis
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 211
Casual
O
Setaria italica
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 583; CHR 572949
Fully naturalised
Setaria pumila
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 586
Fully naturalised
Setaria verticillata
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 587; CHR 482714
Fully naturalised
Setaria viridis
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 588; CHR 276793
Fully naturalised
Sherardia arvensis
Rubiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1150; CHR 512111
Fully naturalised
Sidalcea malviflora
Malvaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 821
Casual
Sieglingia decumbens
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 490
Fully naturalised
Silene armeria
Caryophyllaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 497
Fully naturalised
Silene chalcedonica
Caryophyllaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 485 as Lychnis
chalcedonica
Casual
Silene coeli-rosa
Caryophyllaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 498
Fully naturalised
Silene conica
Caryophyllaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 498
Fully naturalised
Silene coronaria
Caryophyllaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 485 as Lychnis
coronaria
Fully naturalised
Silene dioica
Caryophyllaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 499
Fully naturalised
Silene flos-cuculi
Caryophyllaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 485 as Lychnis floscuculi
Fully naturalised
Silene gallica
Caryophyllaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 500
Fully naturalised
Silene italica
Caryophyllaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 497; CHR 5247
Casual
Silene latifolia subsp. alba
Caryophyllaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 501
Fully naturalised
Silene noctiflora
Caryophyllaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 501
Fully naturalised
Silene nutans
Caryophyllaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 502
Fully naturalised
Silene pendula
Caryophyllaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 502
Fully naturalised
O
O
O
O
(1)
DC: Dicotyledonous herbs - composites; DL: Dicotyledonous lianes; DT: Dicotyledonous trees and shrubs; FE: Ferns;
GY: Gymnosperm trees and shrubs; L: Lycophytes; MG: Monocotyledonous herbs - grasses; ML: Monocotyledonous Lianes;
MO: Monocotyledonous herbs - orchids; MR: Monocotyledonous herbs - rushes; MS: Monocotyledonous herbs - sedges; MT:
Monocotyledonous trees and shrubs; OD: Dicotyledonous herbs - other than composites; OM: Monocotyledonous herbs - other
than orchids, grasses, sedges, rushes. (2) F: Fully naturalised in New Zealand; O: Occurs only in Canterbury.
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
63
TAXON NAME
FAMILY
GROWTH
FORM (1)
SOURCES
NATURALISED
STATUS IN
CANTERBURY
NOTES
(2)
Silene vulgaris subsp.
vulgaris
Caryophyllaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 503
Fully naturalised
Silybum marianum
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 316
Fully naturalised
Sinapis alba subsp. alba
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 444: CHR 83246
Fully naturalised
Sinapis arvensis
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 444; CHR 505705
Fully naturalised
Sisymbrium altissimum
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 445
Fully naturalised
Sisymbrium erysimoides
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 445
Casual
O
Sisymbrium irio
Brassicaceae
OD
NZJB 33 (2): 159
Casual
O
Sisymbrium officinale
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 446; CHR 480470
Fully naturalised
Sisymbrium orientale
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 446; CHR 479525
Fully naturalised
Sisyrinchium “blue”
Iridaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 135
Fully naturalised
Sisyrinchium californicum
Iridaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 134
Casual
Sisyrinchium iridifolium
Iridaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 134
Fully naturalised
Sisyrinchium striatum
Iridaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 135
Fully naturalised
Solanum chenopodioides
Solanaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1243; CHR 494059
Fully naturalised
Solanum crispum
Solanaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1243
Fully naturalised
Solanum diflorum
Solanaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1244; q.v.: 16
Fully naturalised
Solanum dulcamara
Solanaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1244
Fully naturalised
Solanum jasminoides
Solanaceae
DL
FNZ (IV): 1245; CHR 127439
Fully naturalised
Solanum lycopersicum
Solanaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1228 as Lycopersicon
esculentum; CHR 326307
Fully naturalised
Solanum marginatum
Solanaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1246
Fully naturalised
Solanum nigrum
Solanaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1247; CHR 483262
Fully naturalised
Solanum physalifolium
Solanaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1248
Fully naturalised
Solanum pseudocapsicum
Solanaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1249; CHR 540601
Fully naturalised
Solanum rostratum
Solanaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1250
Fully naturalised
Solanum tuberosum
Solanaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1250; CHR 309350
Fully naturalised
Solanum villosum
Solanaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1251
Fully naturalised
Soleirolia soleirolii
Urticaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1264
Fully naturalised
Solenogyne dominii
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 194
Fully naturalised
Solenogyne gunnii
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 194
Fully naturalised
Solenogyne mikadoi
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 193
Casual
Solidago canadensis
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 195; CHR 421048
Fully naturalised
Solidago virgaurea
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 195
Casual
Soliva sessilis
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 173
Fully naturalised
Sonchus arvensis
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 343
Fully naturalised
Sonchus asper
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 343; CHR 478560
Fully naturalised
Sonchus oleraceus
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 344; CHR 512114
Fully naturalised
Sophora cassioides
Fabaceae
DT
NZJB 42 (5): 807
Casual
Sorbaria tomentosa
Rosaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1138
Fully naturalised
(1)
O
O
O
O
O
DC: Dicotyledonous herbs - composites; DL: Dicotyledonous lianes; DT: Dicotyledonous trees and shrubs; FE: Ferns;
GY: Gymnosperm trees and shrubs; L: Lycophytes; MG: Monocotyledonous herbs - grasses; ML: Monocotyledonous Lianes;
MO: Monocotyledonous herbs - orchids; MR: Monocotyledonous herbs - rushes; MS: Monocotyledonous herbs - sedges; MT:
Monocotyledonous trees and shrubs; OD: Dicotyledonous herbs - other than composites; OM: Monocotyledonous herbs - other
than orchids, grasses, sedges, rushes. (2) F: Fully naturalised in New Zealand; O: Occurs only in Canterbury.
64
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
TAXON NAME
FAMILY
GROWTH
FORM (1)
SOURCES
NATURALISED
STATUS IN
CANTERBURY
NOTES
(2)
Sorbus aucuparia subsp.
aucuparia
Rosaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1139
Fully naturalised
Sorghum halepense
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 610
Fully naturalised
Sparaxis tricolor
Iridaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 136; q.v.: 22
Casual
F
Spartina × townsendii*
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 514; q.v.: 24
Casual
F
Spartina anglica
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 514
Fully naturalised
Spartium junceum
Fabaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 677
Fully naturalised
Spergula arvensis
Caryophyllaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 504
Fully naturalised
Spergularia bocconei
Caryophyllaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 505
Fully naturalised
Spergularia marina
Caryophyllaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 505
Fully naturalised
Spergularia rubra
Caryophyllaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 505; CHR 574122
Fully naturalised
Spiraea × billiardii
Rosaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1140; NZJB 40 (2):
170; q.v.: 28
Casual
Spirodela punctata
Lemnaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 80
Fully naturalised
Sporobolus africanus
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 531
Fully naturalised
Stachys annua
Lamiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 795
Casual
Stachys arvensis
Lamiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 795; CHR 479750
Fully naturalised
Stachys byzantina
Lamiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 795
Fully naturalised
Stachys sylvatica
Lamiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 796; CHR 417226
Fully naturalised
Stellaria alsine
Caryophyllaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 507
Fully naturalised
Stellaria graminea
Caryophyllaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 508
Fully naturalised
Stellaria holostea
Caryophyllaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 507
Casual
Stellaria media subsp.
media
Caryophyllaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 508
Fully naturalised
Stenotaphrum secundatum
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 592
Fully naturalised
Stranvaesia davidiana
Rosaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1053; NZJB 40 (2):
170
Casual
Stuartina muelleri
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 258
Fully naturalised
Symphoricarpos albus
Caprifoliaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 470
Fully naturalised
Symphytum × uplandicum
Boraginaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 393; CHR 509577
Fully naturalised
Symphytum asperum
Boraginaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 392; CHR 172589
Fully naturalised
Symphytum officinale
Boraginaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 392
Fully naturalised
Syringa vulgaris
Oleaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 882; q.v.: 23
Casual
Tagetes erecta
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 289
Fully naturalised
Tagetes patula
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 290
Fully naturalised
Tagetes tenuifolia
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 289
Casual
Talinum paniculatum
Portulacaceae
OD
NZJB 33 (2): 174; NZJB 40 (2):
169
Casual
Tamarix chinensis
Tamaricaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1255
Fully naturalised
Tamarix parviflora
Tamaricaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1254; q.v.: 28
Casual
Tanacetum parthenium
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 175; CHR 33629
Fully naturalised
O
O
F
O
* No longer present, replaced by Spartina anglica or eradicated.
(1)
DC: Dicotyledonous herbs - composites; DL: Dicotyledonous lianes; DT: Dicotyledonous trees and shrubs; FE: Ferns;
GY: Gymnosperm trees and shrubs; L: Lycophytes; MG: Monocotyledonous herbs - grasses; ML: Monocotyledonous Lianes;
MO: Monocotyledonous herbs - orchids; MR: Monocotyledonous herbs - rushes; MS: Monocotyledonous herbs - sedges; MT:
Monocotyledonous trees and shrubs; OD: Dicotyledonous herbs - other than composites; OM: Monocotyledonous herbs - other
than orchids, grasses, sedges, rushes. (2) F: Fully naturalised in New Zealand; O: Occurs only in Canterbury.
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
65
TAXON NAME
FAMILY
GROWTH
FORM (1)
SOURCES
NATURALISED
STATUS IN
CANTERBURY
NOTES
(2)
Tanacetum vulgare
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 175; CHR 529293
Taraxacum lambinonii
Asteraceae
DC
NZJB 42 (5): 798
Fully naturalised
Taraxacum officinale agg.
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 346; CHR 479446
Fully naturalised
Taxus baccata
Taxaceae
GY
FNZ (IV): 64; CHR 513091
Fully naturalised
Tecomaria capensis
Bignoniaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 366
Fully naturalised
Teline linifolia subsp.
linifolia
Fabaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 678
Fully naturalised
Teline monspessulana
Fabaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 678; CHR 511541
Fully naturalised
Teline stenopetala
Fabaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 679
Fully naturalised
Tetrapanax papyriferus
Araliaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 147; q.v.: 17
Casual
F
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium
Ranunculaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1003
Casual
O
Themeda triandra
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 612
Fully naturalised
Thinopyrum intermedium
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 416
Casual
O
Thinopyrum junceiforme
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 415
Fully naturalised
O
Thlaspi arvense
Brassicaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 447
Fully naturalised
Thuja plicata
Cupressaceae
GY
FNZ (IV): 42
Casual
Thymus pulegioides
Lamiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 798; NZJB 40 (2): 172
Fully naturalised
Thymus vulgaris
Lamiaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 799
Fully naturalised
Tibouchina paratropica
Melastomataceae
DT
NZJB 40 (2): 163
Casual
O
Tieghemopanax
sambucifolius
Araliaceae
DT
NZJB 40 (2): 161
Casual
O
Torilis arvensis
Apiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 138
Fully naturalised
Torilis japonica
Apiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 139
Fully naturalised
Torilis nodosa
Apiaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 139
Fully naturalised
Tradescantia fluminensis
Commelinaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 39
Fully naturalised
Tradescantia virginiana
Commelinaceae
OM
FNZ (III): 39
Casual
Tragopogon porrifolius
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 349
Fully naturalised
Tragopogon pratensis
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 349
Fully naturalised
O
Trifolium ambiguum
Fabaceae
OD
NZJB 40 (2): 162
Casual
O
Trifolium angustifolium
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 682
Fully naturalised
Trifolium arvense
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 683
Fully naturalised
Trifolium aureum
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 683
Fully naturalised
Trifolium campestre
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 684
Fully naturalised
Trifolium cernuum
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 684
Fully naturalised
Trifolium dubium
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 685; CHR 438014
Fully naturalised
Trifolium fragiferum
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 685; CHR 526475
Fully naturalised
Trifolium glomeratum
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 686
Fully naturalised
Trifolium hirtum
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 686; q.v.: 21
Casual
Trifolium hybridum
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 687; CHR 118370
Fully naturalised
Trifolium incarnatum
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 687
Fully naturalised
Trifolium medium
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 688; CHR 483306
Fully naturalised
(1)
Fully naturalised
O
F
DC: Dicotyledonous herbs - composites; DL: Dicotyledonous lianes; DT: Dicotyledonous trees and shrubs; FE: Ferns;
GY: Gymnosperm trees and shrubs; L: Lycophytes; MG: Monocotyledonous herbs - grasses; ML: Monocotyledonous Lianes;
MO: Monocotyledonous herbs - orchids; MR: Monocotyledonous herbs - rushes; MS: Monocotyledonous herbs - sedges; MT:
Monocotyledonous trees and shrubs; OD: Dicotyledonous herbs - other than composites; OM: Monocotyledonous herbs - other
than orchids, grasses, sedges, rushes. (2) F: Fully naturalised in New Zealand; O: Occurs only in Canterbury.
66
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
TAXON NAME
FAMILY
GROWTH
FORM (1)
SOURCES
NATURALISED
STATUS IN
CANTERBURY
NOTES
(2)
Trifolium micranthum
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 688
Fully naturalised
Trifolium ornithopodioides
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 689
Fully naturalised
Trifolium pratense
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 690; CHR 212036
Fully naturalised
Trifolium repens
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 690; CHR 181716
Fully naturalised
Trifolium resupinatum
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 691
Fully naturalised
Trifolium striatum
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 693
Fully naturalised
Trifolium subterraneum
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 693; CHR 201419
Fully naturalised
Trifolium suffocatum
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 694
Fully naturalised
Trifolium tomentosum
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 694
Fully naturalised
Tripleurospermum
inodorum
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 176; CHR 478730
Fully naturalised
Triticum aestivum
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 417; CHR 254733
Fully naturalised
Tropaeolum majus
Tropaeolaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1259; CHR 480966
Fully naturalised
Tropaeolum speciosum
Tropaeolaceae
DL
FNZ (IV): 1260
Fully naturalised
Tsuga heterophylla
Pinaceae
GY
NZJB 42 (5): 803
Casual
Tussilago farfara
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 287
Fully naturalised
Ulex europaeus
Fabaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 695; CHR 470176
Fully naturalised
Ulmus × hollandica
Ulmaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 1262; CHR 497766
Fully naturalised
Ulmus glabra
Ulmaceae
DT
NZJB 36 (2): 161
Casual
O
Ursinia anthemoides subsp.
versicolor
Asteraceae
DC
NZJB 36 (2): 158
Casual
O
Urtica dioica subsp. dioica
Urticaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1266
Fully naturalised
Urtica dioica subsp. gracilis
Urticaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1267
Fully naturalised
Urtica membranacea
Urticaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1266
Casual
Urtica urens
Urticaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1267; CHR 572965
Fully naturalised
Vaccaria hispanica
Caryophyllaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 476
Casual
Valerianella carinata
Valerianaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1270
Fully naturalised
Valerianella locusta
Valerianaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1270
Fully naturalised
Verbascum phlomoides
Scrophulariaceae
OD
NZJB 42 (5): 811
Casual*
Verbascum thapsus
Scrophulariaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1205; CHR 216077
Fully naturalised
Verbascum virgatum
Scrophulariaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1205
Fully naturalised
Verbena bonariensis
Verbenaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1277; CHR 497400
Fully naturalised
Verbena officinalis
Verbenaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1278; CHR 497483
Fully naturalised
Verbena rigida
Verbenaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1279
Fully naturalised
Verbena tenuisecta
Verbenaceae
OD
NZJB 40 (2): 166
Casual
Veronica agrestis
Scrophulariaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1207
Fully naturalised
Veronica americana
Scrophulariaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1208
Fully naturalised
Veronica anagallis-aquatica
Scrophulariaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1208; CHR 512465
Fully naturalised
Veronica arvensis
Scrophulariaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1209; CHR 478635
Fully naturalised
O
O
O
O
* Also recorded in Auckland and Invercargill, without substantiating specimens.
(1)
DC: Dicotyledonous herbs - composites; DL: Dicotyledonous lianes; DT: Dicotyledonous trees and shrubs; FE: Ferns;
GY: Gymnosperm trees and shrubs; L: Lycophytes; MG: Monocotyledonous herbs - grasses; ML: Monocotyledonous Lianes;
MO: Monocotyledonous herbs - orchids; MR: Monocotyledonous herbs - rushes; MS: Monocotyledonous herbs - sedges; MT:
Monocotyledonous trees and shrubs; OD: Dicotyledonous herbs - other than composites; OM: Monocotyledonous herbs - other
than orchids, grasses, sedges, rushes. (2) F: Fully naturalised in New Zealand; O: Occurs only in Canterbury.
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist
67
TAXON NAME
FAMILY
GROWTH
FORM (1)
SOURCES
NATURALISED
STATUS IN
CANTERBURY
Veronica catenata
Scrophulariaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1209; NZJB 40 (2):
172
Fully naturalised
Veronica hederifolia
Scrophulariaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1211
Fully naturalised
Veronica persica
Scrophulariaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1211; CHR 512164
Fully naturalised
Veronica polita
Scrophulariaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1212
Fully naturalised
Veronica scutellata
Scrophulariaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1213
Fully naturalised
Veronica serpyllifolia
Scrophulariaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1213; CHR 496450
Fully naturalised
Veronica verna
Scrophulariaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1214
Fully naturalised
Viburnum tinus var. tinus
Caprifoliaceae
DT
FNZ (IV): 472
Fully naturalised
Vicia cracca
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 697
Fully naturalised
Vicia faba
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 698
Fully naturalised
Vicia hirsuta
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 698
Fully naturalised
Vicia lathyroides
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 698
Fully naturalised
Vicia lutea
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 699
Fully naturalised
Vicia sativa
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 699; CHR 511754
Fully naturalised
Vicia tetrasperma
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 700
Fully naturalised
Vicia villosa
Fabaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 700
Fully naturalised
Vinca major
Apocynaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 142; CHR 201596
Fully naturalised
Vinca major cv. ‘Variegata’
Apocynaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 142; CHR 167342*
Casual
Vinca minor
Apocynaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 142
Fully naturalised
Viola × wittrockiana
Violaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1284
Fully naturalised
Viola arvensis
Violaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1280
Fully naturalised
Viola odorata
Violaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1283
Fully naturalised
Viola riviniana
Violaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1283
Fully naturalised
Viola tricolor
Violaceae
OD
FNZ (IV): 1283
Fully naturalised
Vitis vinifera
Vitaceae
DL
FNZ (IV): 1287
Fully naturalised
Vittadinia cuneata
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 197
Fully naturalised
Vittadinia gracilis
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 197
Fully naturalised
Vulpia bromoides
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 208; CHR 490076
Fully naturalised
Vulpia myuros var.
megalura
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 210; CHR 481284
Fully naturalised
Vulpia myuros var. myuros
Poaceae
MG
FNZ (V): 210; CHR 567159
Fully naturalised
Wisteria sinensis
Fabaceae
DL
FNZ (IV): 701; q.v.: 21
Casual
Xanthium spinosum
Asteraceae
DC
FNZ (IV): 227
Fully naturalised
Zantedeschia aethiopica
Araceae
OM
FNZ (III): 78
Fully naturalised
Zantedeschia albomaculata
Araceae
OM
FNZ (III): 78; q.v.: 26
Casual
NOTES
(2)
O
F
* Specimen (CHR 167342) determined to species only, but clearly of cv. ‘Variegata.’
(1)
DC: Dicotyledonous herbs - composites; DL: Dicotyledonous lianes; DT: Dicotyledonous trees and shrubs; FE: Ferns;
GY: Gymnosperm trees and shrubs; L: Lycophytes; MG: Monocotyledonous herbs - grasses; ML: Monocotyledonous Lianes;
MO: Monocotyledonous herbs - orchids; MR: Monocotyledonous herbs - rushes; MS: Monocotyledonous herbs - sedges; MT:
Monocotyledonous trees and shrubs; OD: Dicotyledonous herbs - other than composites; OM: Monocotyledonous herbs - other
than orchids, grasses, sedges, rushes. (2) F: Fully naturalised in New Zealand; O: Occurs only in Canterbury.
68
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist