The Three Systers of Mantua

'HFHPEHU
´7KH7KUHH6\VWHUVRI0DQWXDµ
'H9HUH6RFLHW\1HZVOHWWHU
7KH7KUHH6\VWHUVRI0DQWXD
$.QRZQ+LVWRU\DQGDQ8QNQRZQ3OD\
%\'U1RHPL0DJUL
$0$17(*1$/XGRYLFR,,*RQ]DJDUHDGV%LDQFD0DULD
VOHWWHU&DPHUDGHJOL6SRVL3DOD]]R'XFDOH0DQWXD
IUHVFRGHWDLO
7KLV DUWLFOH SXUSRVHV WR JLYH UHDVRQV IRU D
SRVVLEOH LGHQWLÀFDWLRQ RI WKH DXWKRU DV /RUG
2[IRUGDQGIRUKLVFKRLFHRIWKDWVXEMHFWDQG
WRRXWOLQHDOLNHO\SORWEDVHGRQWKHOLIHRIUHDO
SHUVRQDJHV +RZHYHU FRQMHFWXUDO LW PD\ EH
RZLQJWRWKHODFNRIHYLGHQFHWKHLGHQWLÀFDWLRQ
RI /RUG 2[IRUG PD\ EH VXSSRUWHG E\ KLV
NQRZOHGJH RI WKH FXOWXUDO DQG DUWLVWLF OLIH RI
WKDWFLW\DVHYLGHQFHGLQ6KDNHVSHDUH·VZRUNV
>@
7KHUHFRUGRIWKH5HYHO$FFRXQWVVWDUWV
LQ-DQXDU\QHZGDWLQJ)URPWKDWGDWH
RQZDUGV LW DSSHDUV WKDW WKH SHUIRUPDQFHV
FRQVLVWHGRIPDVNVPRUDOLWLHVRUSOD\VGUDZQ
RQ FODVVLFDO OLWHUDWXUH RU DQFLHQW RU 6FRWWLVK
KLVWRU\,QWZRSOD\VRIUHOHYDQFHWRWKH
6KDNHVSHDUHDXWKRUVKLSSUREOHPZHUHVHWXS
7KHKLVWRULHRI(UURU
DSRVVLEOHHDUO\YHUVLRQ
RI 7KH &RPHG\ RI (UURUV DQG 7KH +LVWRU\H
RI7LWXVDQG*LVLSSXV
DQHDUO\YHUVLRQRI7KH
7ZR*HQWOHPHQRI9HURQD>@ERWK¶KLVWRULHV·
ZHUH SHUIRUPHG E\ ¶WKH &KLOGUHQ RI 3DXO·V·
7KH 5HYHO $FFRXQWV LQ WKH WLPH RI 4XHHQ
(OL]DEHWK UHFRUG D SOD\ SHUIRUPHG DW FRXUW LQ
'HFHPEHUGHVFULEHGDV
¶$Q ,QYHQW\RQ RU SOD\H RI WKH WKUHH 6\VWHUV RI
0DQWXDVKHZHQDW5LFKPRQGRQ6W6WHSKHQVGDLHDW
QLJKWHQDFWHGE\WKHDUOHRIZDUZLFNKLVVHUYDXQWHV
IXUQLVKHGLQWKLVRIÀFHZLWKVRQGUH\WKLQJHVDVZDV
UHTXLVLWHIRUWKHVDPH·>@
1RWKLQJHOVHLVNQRZQDERXWWKLVORVWSOD\VR
LQ WKH DEVHQFH RI DQ\ GRFXPHQWDU\ HYLGHQFH
DQ\WKLQJ WKDW FRXOG EH ZULWWHQ DERXW WKDW
LQFOXGLQJWKHSUHVHQWDUWLFOHZRXOGEHWRWDOO\
FRQMHFWXUDO +RZHYHU D SOD\ VR HQWLWOHG PD\
ZHOOGHDOZLWKNQRZQSHUVRQDJHVRIWKHKLVWRU\
RI0DQWXD7KHDXWKRUPD\EH(GZDUGGH9HUH
WK(DUORI2[IRUGZKRKDGFHUWDLQO\YLVLWHG
WKHFLW\DQGEHHQUHFHLYHGDW3DOD]]R'XFDOH
DQGLQZDVDOUHDG\DIDPRXVGUDPDWLVW,W
LVWUXHWKDWRQWKHVHSUHVXPSWLRQVDQ\RWKHU
FRXUWLHURUGUDPDWLVWFRXOGEHWKHDXWKRUEXWQR
RWKHUQDPHKDVHYHUEHHQVXJJHVWHGVRIDU
'HFHPEHU
´7KH7KUHH6\VWHUVRI0DQWXDµ
/RUG2[IRUG·VFRPSDQ\
7KHWKUHH6\VWHUVRI0DQWXDLVWKHÀUVW
SOD\UHFRUGHGLQ1ROLWHUDU\ZRUNGHDOLQJ
ZLWKWKDWVXEMHFWLVNQRZQ,WLVKHUHDUJXHGWKDW
WKHVRXUFHRIWKDWSOD\LVRUDODQGSLFWRULDODV
ZLOOEHVKRZQ
7KH WLWOH JLYHV YHU\ SUHFLVH GHWDLOV
WKHPDLQFKDUDFWHUVDUHVLVWHUVWKH\DUHWKUHH
WKH\DUHIURP0DQWXD,WGRHVQRWDSSHDUWREH
D UDQGRP FKRLFH RI SHRSOH DQG SODFHV :KR
FRXOGWKHVHVLVWHUVEHDQGZKDWGRWKH\KDYHLQ
FRPPRQ"7KHLU OLIH PXVW KDYH EHHQ LQYROYHG
LQ VRPHZKDW VLPLODU HYHQWV LI WKH\ WRJHWKHU
DUHWKHSURWDJRQLVWVRIDSOD\&RQVLGHULQJWKDW
WKH WLWOHV RI WKH &RXUW SOD\V RI WKH SHULRG WHOO
XVWKDWWKHSORWVGHDOZLWKOLWHUDU\RUKLVWRULFDO
SHUVRQDJHVRUNLQJVNQLJKWVDQGODGLHVWKRXJK
XQLGHQWLÀHG RQH FRQFOXGHV WKDW WKHVH WKUHH
VLVWHUVIURP0DQWXDPXVWEHRIVRPHVWDWXV$QG
WKHVWRU\RIWKHLUOLIHPXVWKDYHEHHQRIVRPH
LQWHUHVW WR KDYH DSSHDOHG WR WKH (QJOLVK FRXUW
LIDGUDPDWLVWQRPDWWHUZKRKHZDVFKRVHWR
GUDPDWL]HLW
,QRUGHUWRÀQGRXWZKDWWKHSOD\PD\
KDYH EHHQ DERXW LQYHVWLJDWLRQ PXVW WXUQ
WR 0DQWXD WKH FDSLWDO RI D VWDWH RQH RI WKH
PRVW LPSRUWDQW FHQWUHV RI OHDUQLQJ RI ,WDOLDQ
5HQDLVVDQFH VLQFH WKH WK FHQWXU\ DQG WR LWV
UXOHUVWKH*RQ]DJDPLOLWDU\PHQSDWURQVRI
DUWLVWV ZKR KDG QRW ORQJ EHIRUH LQFUHDVHG
WKHLU SRZHU WKURXJK PDUULDJH UHODWLRQV ZLWK
WKH*HUPDQ(PSHURU2QO\E\UHIHUULQJWRWKDW
,WDOLDQ 6LJQRULD WKH FRQWHQW RI D ORVW (QJOLVK
FRXUWSOD\PD\DWRQFHFRPHWROLJKWDVDIXOO\
GRFXPHQWHGHSLVRGHRI0DQWXDQKLVWRU\
7KHVRXUFHRIWKHSOD\DVK\SRWKHVL]HG
KHUHLVWKHDFWXDOVWRU\RIWKUHH*RQ]DJDVLVWHUV
WKHGDXJKWHUVRI/XGRYLFR,,0DUTXLVRI0DQWXD
7KHVWRU\RIWKHLUOLIHLVVHWDJDLQVW
WKH KLVWRULFDO DQG SROLWLFDO EDFNJURXQG RI WKH
,WDOLDQ:DUVLQWKHWKFHQWXU\
$OO WKH ,WDOLDQ UXOHUV KDG H[SDQVLRQLVW
DLPVZKHQWKH\GLGQRWVXFFHHGLQH[WHQGLQJ
WKHLU WHUULWRULHV WKURXJK PDUULDJHV WKH\ PDGH
DOOLDQFHVZLWKRUIRXJKWDJDLQVWRQHRUWKHRWKHU
VWDWHVRVWDQGLQJRQWKHVLGHRIRQHRUWKHRWKHU
RIWKHLUHQHPLHVRUDOOLHV
$W WKH WLPH RI WKH KRVWLOLWLHV EHWZHHQ
0LODQ DQG 9HQLFH 0DUTXLV /XGRYLFR ,, ZDV
DOWHUQDWHO\ D FRPPDQGHU RI WKH 9HQHWLDQ
)ORUHQWLQH )ORUHQFH KDG DOOLHG LWVHOI ZLWK
9HQLFH RU WKH 0LODQHVH DUP\ :KHQ DW WKH
HQG RI WKH ZDU RI VXFFHVVLRQ WR WKH 'XFK\ RI
'H9HUH6RFLHW\1HZVOHWWHU
0LODQKHEHFDPHWKH'XNHRIWKDWVWDWH
)UDQFHVFR6IRU]DPDGHHYHU\HIIRUWWRHQWHULQWR
DQDOOLDQFHZLWKWKH*RQ]DJDVRDFRQWUDFWZDV
VLJQHGWRFRQÀUP/XGRYLFR,,LQKLVRIÀFHRI
FRPPDQGHU DW WKH VHUYLFH RI WKH 'XNH DQG WR
HVWDEOLVKNLQVKLSUHODWLRQVKLSVZLWKKLPRQHRI
WKH FODXVHV VWDWHG WKDW LQ GXH WLPH *DOHD]]R
DOVR FDOOHG *DOHD]]R 0DULD WKH
'XNH·V \HDUROG VRQ VKRXOG PDUU\ 6XVDQQD
RQH RI /XGRYLFR ,,·V GDXJKWHUV
ZKRDWWKDWWLPHZDVWKUHH\HDUVRIDJHSURYLGHG
WKDWVKHJUHZXSKHDOWKLO\6XVDQQD·VSK\VLFDO
FRQGLWLRQ ZDV DQ XQDYRLGDEOH UHTXLUHPHQW RI
WKH6IRU]DZKRZHUHGHWHUPLQHGWRKDYHDQKHLU
DQGLQWKLVZD\HQVXUHWKH6IRU]DVXFFHVVLRQ
,W VRRQ EHFDPH HYLGHQW WKDW \RXQJ
6XVDQQDZDVVXIIHULQJIURPWKHGHIRUPLW\RIWKH
EDFNVKHKDGLQKHULWHGIURPKHUJUDQGPRWKHU
3DROD 0DODWHVWD /XGRYLFR ,,·V PRWKHU 6R LQ
WRJUHDWGLVWUHVVRIWKH*RQ]DJDWKH6IRU]D
DQQXOOHG WKH FODXVH UHODWLYH WR WKH PDUULDJH
6XVDQQDUHIXVHGE\WKH\RXQJSULQFHKDGQR
RWKHUIXWXUHDKHDGRIKHUEXWWRHQWHUDFRQYHQW
>@6KHEHFDPHDQXQXQGHUWKHQDPHRI6XRU
$QJHOLFD LQ WKH 0RQDVWHU\ RI 6DQWD 3DROD LQ
0DQWXD 6KH GLHG WKHUH LQ DW WKH DJH RI
WKLUW\IRXU
%HLQJ GHWHUPLQHG WR FRQVROLGDWH WKH
DOOLDQFH WKH 6IRU]D DPHQGHG WKH FRQWUDFW DQG
DJUHHGWR*DOHD]]R·VPDUULDJHWR'RURWHD
6XVDQQD·V \RXQJHU VLVWHU RQ FRQGLWLRQ
WKDW ZKHQ IRXUWHHQ VKH ZRXOG SURYH WR EH
SK\VLFDOO\SHUIHFW'RURWHDZDVWKHQ\HDUV
RIDJHVRLQWKHLQWHUYDOWKHFRQFHUQRIWKHWZR
UXOLQJIDPLOLHVZDVGLYHUWHGWRRWKHUZRUU\LQJ
SROLWLFDO SUREOHPV WKH IDOO RI &RQVWDQWLQRSOH
DQGWKH7XUNLVKLQYDVLRQRIWKH%DONDQV
KDG WKH HIIHFW WKDW WKH ,WDOLDQ 6WDWHV EURXJKW
DERXWDUDSSURFKHPHQWLQWKHDWWHPSWWRGHIHQG
DQG JXDUDQWHH WKH VHFXULW\ RI WKHLU WHUULWRULHV
,Q3RSH3LXV,,WKHJUHDW+XPDQLVW(QHD
6LOYLR 3LFFRORPLQL VXPPRQHG D &RXQFLO RI
ELVKRSV SULQFHV DQG DPEDVVDGRUV LQ RUGHU WR
RUJDQL]H D FRPPRQ GHIHQFH ,W ZDV KHOG LQ
0DQWXDZKLFKZDVDOUHDG\IDPRXVDVDFUDGOH
RI +XPDQLVP7KH&RXQFLODQHYHQWRI JUHDW
VSOHQGRXU IRU WKDW FLW\ LQFUHDVHG WKH SROLWLFDO
LPSRUWDQFHRIWKH0DUTXLVDWH
/XGRYLFR ,, JXDUDQWHHG WR HTXLS DQ
DUP\+LVGLSORPDWLFDFWLRQVDQGWKHVXSSRUWRI
WKH'XNHRI0LODQPHDQWWKDWLQ'HFHPEHU
WKH 0DUTXLV REWDLQHG WKH VRXJKWIRU RIÀFH RI
FDUGLQDOIRU KLVVHFRQGERUQVRQ7KHQD IHZ
'HFHPEHU
´7KH7KUHH6\VWHUVRI0DQWXDµ
GD\VODWHUDQRWKHUJUHDWHYHQWWRRNSODFHDWWKH
FRXUWRI0DQWXDDQHYHQWWKDWDFFRUGLQJWR
WKHZLVKHVRI/XGRYLFR,,ZDVFRPPHPRUDWHG
E\$QGUHD0DQWHJQDRQWKHHDUO\PRUQLQJRI
-DQXDU\VWZKLOHWKH0DUTXLVZDVJHWWLQJ
UHDG\WRJRWRFKXUFKWKHUHDUULYHGDW3DOD]]R
'XFDOHDPHVVHQJHUIURP0LODQ>@ZLWKDOHWWHU
IURP'XFKHVV%LDQFD0DULD)UDQFHVFR6IRU]D·V
ZLIHVKHZDVDVNLQJ/XGRYLFR,,WREHFRPHWKH
5HJHQWRIWKH'XFK\RI0LODQ>@
%HGULGGHQ IRU D ORQJ WLPH 'XNH
)UDQFHVFR 6IRU]D ZDV G\LQJ *DOHD]]R ZDV
XQGHU DJH WKH IXWXUH RI WKH 'XFK\ ZDV DW
VWDNH 9HQLFH ZDV UHDG\ WR VHQG DQ LQYDGLQJ
DUP\6DYR\DQG)UDQFHFODLPHGDULJKWWRWKH
VXFFHVVLRQ RQ NLQVKLS JURXQGV WKH 0LODQHVH
5HSXEOLFDQVZHUHWKUHDWHQLQJDQLQVXUUHFWLRQWR
VHL]HSRZHUDJDLQ7KH9DWLFDQZDVLQDODUPWKH
3RSHIHDULQJWKDWDQHZFRQÁLFWZRXOGEUHDN
RXW VHQW RXW OHJDWHV WR )UDQFH DQG WKH ,WDOLDQ
6WDWHVLQVXSSRUWRI¶WKH6WDWHRI/RPEDUG\·
7KDWPRUQLQJRI-DQXDU\VW/XGRYLFR
,,LPPHGLDWHO\OHIWIRU0LODQ2QWKHZD\KHPHW
KLVVRQ²WKHQHZO\HOHFWHGFDUGLQDOZKRZDV
FRPLQJEDFNWR0DQWXDIURP0LODQLQRUGHUWR
WDNHSDUWLQWKHFHOHEUDWLRQLQKLVKRQRXU7KHVH
WZR HYHQWV ² WKH GHOLYHU\ RI %LDQFD 0DULD·V
OHWWHUDQGWKHPHHWLQJRIIDWKHUDQGVRQRXWVLGH
0DQWXD²DUHFHOHEUDWHGLQWKHIDPRXVIUHVFRE\
0DQWHJQDLQWKHURRPFDOOHG&DPHUD3LFWDLQWKH
&DVWHOORGL6DQ*LRUJLRQH[WWR3DOD]]R'XFDOH
7KDWIUHVFRLVKHUHWDNHQDVWKHSLFWRULDOVRXUFH
RIWKHSOD\>@
,Q WKH 6IRU]D UHVXPHG PDUULDJH
WDONV7KRXJKVWLOOEHGULGGHQ)UDQFHVFR6IRU]D
KDGVOLJKWO\UHFRYHUHG*DOHD]]RWRRNVHYHUDO
MRXUQH\V WR 0DQWXD WR PHHW 'RURWHD7KH \HDUROG0DUFKHVLQDVRRQIHOOLQORYHZLWKKLP
%XWDVWURQJUHIXVDOWRPDUU\KHUFDPHIURPWKH
\RXQJSULQFHKHLVUHSRUWHGWRKDYHH[SUHVVHG
KLPVHOI LQ UDWKHU FUXHO ZRUGV HDFK WLPH KH
PHQWLRQHGWKHPDUULDJHWR'RURWHD¶,H[SHFWWR
KDYHDOLQHRIKXQFKEDFNHGFKLOGUHQ·>@
6LQFH WKH ZHGGLQJ ZDV DERXW WR WDNH
SODFH WKH 6IRU]D DVNHG /XGRYLFR ,, WR DOORZ
WZR 0LODQHVH GRFWRUV WR H[DPLQH WKH ÀDQFpH
WRPDNHVXUHWKDWQRGHIRUPLW\KDGPHDQZKLOH
JURZQ *UHDW ZDV WKH LQGLJQDWLRQ RI WKH
*RQ]DJD /XGRYLFR ,, UHIXVHG WR VXEMHFW KLV
IUDLO GDXJKWHU WR VXFK KXPLOLDWLQJ WUHDWPHQW
7KH6IRU]DLQVLVWHGZKHUHDVWKH*RQ]DJDZHUH
UHVROXWHLQWKHLUGHQLDO
5HODWLRQVKLSVEHWZHHQWKHWZRIDPLOLHV
'H9HUH6RFLHW\1HZVOHWWHU
ZHUHRQWKHYHUJHRIEUHDNGRZQDWWKHWLPHZKHQ
/XGRYLFR ,, GLVDSSRLQWHG ZLWK WKH 6IRU]D·V
GLVWUXVWIXOEHKDYLRXUUHVLJQHGWKHFRPPDQGRI
WKH0LODQHVHWURRSV,QVHDUFKRIDOOLHVDJDLQVW
9HQLFH ² WKH SUREOHP RI WKH VXFFHVVLRQ ZDV
VWLOO FUXFLDO DQG IDU IURP EHLQJ VROYHG DQG
VWLOO QHHGLQJ WKH VXSSRUW RI WKH *RQ]DJD WKH
'XNH RI 0LODQ SURSRVHG WKDW 'RURWHD VKRXOG
EHH[DPLQHGE\'XFKHVV%LDQFD0DULDRQWKH
VXSSRVLWLRQ WKDW WKH \RXQJ ODG\ ZRXOG IHHO
PRUH FRPIRUWDEOH ZLWK KHU IXWXUH PRWKHULQ
ODZ>@7KHVXVSLFLRQRIWKH6IRU]DZRUULHGWKH
0DQWXDQFRXUWZKLOH/XGRYLFR,,EHFDPHDZDUH
WKDW WKH PDUULDJH ZLWK WKH 'XNH·V VRQ ZRXOG
QHYHU WDNH SODFH $OWKRXJK VKH KDG D SUHWW\
IDFH 'RURWHD ZDV KXQFKEDFNHG DQG EHVLGHV
WKDW VKH ZDV VXIIHULQJ IURP IHYHUV$ ORYLQJ
PRWKHULVDOZD\VUHDG\WRSURWHFWKHUFKLOGUHQ
%DUEDUD YRQ %UDQGHQEXUJ 'RURWHD·V PRWKHU
ZURWHLQGLVWUHVVWRKHUKRPHLQ*HUPDQ\WKDW
KHUGDXJKWHU¶DEVROXWHO\KHDOWK\DQGRIDVWURQJ
DQGJRRGORRNLQJDSSHDUDQFHDQGERG\·ZRXOG
EHH[SRVHGWR¶DVKDPHIXOVSHFWDFOHDQGLQIDP\
ZKLFKZRXOGKDYHRIIHQGHGKHUIDPLO\·>@
7KH QHZV WKDW WKH 'XNH RI 6DYR\ KDG
RIIHUHG RQH RI KLV GDXJKWHUV LQ PDUULDJH WR
*DOHD]]RDUULYHGDWWKH0DQWXDQFRXUWDVDGEORZ
WRVLFNO\'RURWHDZKRVHKHDOWKZDVEHFRPLQJ
ZHDNHU 6DYR\·V SURSRVLWLRQ ZDV DWWUDFWLYH WR
WKH6IRU]DLQDVPXFKDVLWZDVVXSSRUWHGE\WKH
.LQJ RI )UDQFH /XGRYLFR ,, XQGHUVWRRG WKDW
DOO KRSH ZDV ORVW DQG LQ FRPSOLDQFH ZLWK WKH
VWLSXODWHGFODXVHVKHIUHHGWKH6IRU]DIURPWKH
SURPLVHIRUVRPHWLPHLQ0LODQWKH0DQWXDQ
PDUULDJHZDVIRUJRWWHQ
$QHZSROLWLFDODOOLDQFHEURXJKWWKHWZR
IDPLOLHVWRJHWKHUDJDLQDQG/XGRYLFR,,ZDVVWLOO
KRSLQJIRUWKHPDUULDJHRIKLVXQKDSS\GDXJKWHU
%XWWKLVWLPHDOOH[SHFWDWLRQVZHUHGDVKHGE\DQ
HYHQWQRWGHSHQGLQJRQPDQ·VZLOODQGSURMHFWV
'RURWHD GLHG LQ DW WKH DJH RI GHDWK
KDG WDNHQ KHU DZD\ IURP KHU GHVWLQHG IXWXUH
WKHFRQYHQW
*DOHD]]RQRZ'XNHRI0LODQKLVIDWKHU
KDGGLHGLQKDGKHDUGWKDW%DUEDUDDOVR
FDOOHG%DUEDULQDDQRWKHUGDXJKWHU
RI/XGRYLFR,,QRZZDVDYHU\DWWUDFWLYH
\RXQJODG\$SDLQWHUZKRZDVZRUNLQJIRUKLP
¶KDGVSRNHQVRZHOORIKHUEHDXWLHV·WKDWKDYLQJ
VHHQDSRUWUDLWRIKHU*DOHD]]RDWRQFHEHFDPH
LQIDWXDWHG >@ $ SRVVLEOH PDUULDJH EHWZHHQ
%DUEDUD DQG *DOHD]]R ZDV FRQVLGHUHG >@
HYHQ WKRXJK WKH \RXQJ GXNH KDG JURZQ LQWR
'HFHPEHU
´7KH7KUHH6\VWHUVRI0DQWXDµ
DPRVWFUXHODQGDUURJDQWPDQ&RQWHPSRUDU\
FKURQLFOHU %HUQDUGLQR &RULR GHVFULEHV KLP DV
D ODVFLYLRXV LQKXPDQ EUXWDO PDQ ZKR WRRN
SOHDVXUHLQKDYLQJSHRSOHWRUWXUHG>@,WLVQRW
VXUSULVLQJWKDWQRZDIWHUWZRPDUULDJHFRQWUDFWV
KDGEHHQDQQXOOHGWKH*RQ]DJDZHUHKHVLWDWLQJ
LQ IDFW WKH\ FKRVH WR HQJDJH WKHLU GDXJKWHU
%DUEDUDWRPDUU\D*HUPDQSULQFH>@
'RURWHD·V GHDWK JDYH ULVH WR FRQWHP
SRUDU\ORFDOOHJHQGVDQGIDQWDV\QDUUDWLRQV,W
ZDVVDLGWKDWVKHKDGEHFRPHDQXQDQGGLHGLQD
FRQYHQWWKDWVKHKDGPDUULHG*DOHD]]RDQGKDG
EHHQSRLVRQHGE\KHUEDUEDULFKXVEDQG7KLVLV
DOOWKHFUHDWLRQRISRSXODULPDJLQDWLRQWKHUHLV
QRGRFXPHQWDU\HYLGHQFHRILW
:KDWKDVEHHQRXWOLQHGKHUHUHJDUGLQJ
WKUHH VLVWHUV RI WKH *RQ]DJD IDPLO\ LV WKH
KLVWRULFDO WUXWK KLVWRU\ PD\ KDYH RIIHUHG
DEXQGDQW PDWHULDO WR VWLPXODWH WKH PLQG RI D
GUDPDWLVW>@
,W LV QR FRQMHFWXUH WR VD\ WKDW /RUG
2[IRUG YLVLWHG 0DQWXD YDULRXV 6KDNHVSHDUH
ZRUNVVKRZWKDWKHGLG+HFHUWDLQO\YLVLWHGWKH
&DPHUD3LFWDZKHUHWKH0DQWHJQDIUHVFRVKRZV
WKHPRPHQWZKHQ/XGRYLFR,,VXUURXQGHGE\
KLVIDPLO\DQGFRXUWLHUVUHDGV%LDQFD0DULD·V
OHWWHU>@
0DQWHJQD·V IUHVFR PD\ KDYH EHHQ
WKH SLFWRULDO ZRUN WKDW JDYH WKH DXWKRU WKH
LQVSLUDWLRQWRZULWHDSOD\DERXWVRPHLPSRUWDQW
DQGDWWKHVDPHWLPHVDGHYHQWVRIWKH*RQ]DJD
KLVWRU\>@2QFHLQ0DQWXD/RUG2[IRUGKDG
WKHRSSRUWXQLW\WROHDUQWKHVWRU\RIWKHSHRSOH
SRUWUD\HG LQ WKH IUHVFR /XGRYLFR ,, KLV ZLIH
%DUEDUDDQGWKHLUVRQVDQGGDXJKWHUVWKHGUDPD
RIWKHWKUHHVLVWHUVEHORQJVWRWKHKLVWRU\RIWKH
*RQ]DJD
,W PD\ EH DVNHG ZKHWKHU WKHUH H[LVWHG
WKUHHRWKHUVLVWHUVIURP0DQWXD7KHDQVZHULV
WKHUHGLG>@EXWWKH\KDGQRWKLQJLQFRPPRQ
ZLWK HDFK RWKHU WKH\ OLYHG WKHLU RZQ OLIH RI
ODGLHVLQVHSDUDWHFRXUWVRQO\6XVDQQD'RURWHD
DQG%DUEDUDZHUHMRLQHGWRJHWKHUE\WKHLUORYH
IRUWKHVDPHSULQFH
7RFRQFOXGHLWLVWUXHWKDWDQ\FRQQHFWLRQ
EHWZHHQ 7KH WKUHH 6\VWHUV RI 0DQWXD /RUG
2[IRUGDQG0DQWXDQKLVWRU\LVSXUHO\FRQMHFWXUDO
+RZHYHULWLVDOVRWUXHWKDWWKHWKUHHVLVWHUVIURP
0DQWXD GLG H[LVW WKH\ EHORQJHG WR WKH UXOLQJ
IDPLO\RIWKDWFLW\LQ6KDNHVSHDUH·VWLPHWKH\
ZHUH NQRZQ LQ 0DQWXD DV WKH\ DUH QRZ IRU
WKHLU XQIRUWXQDWH OLIH PRVW DIÁLFWHG E\ WKHLU
XQDWWUDFWLYHSK\VLFDODSSHDUDQFHDQGXQKDSS\
'H9HUH6RFLHW\1HZVOHWWHU
ORYHVWRULHV
7KHKLVWRU\RIWKRVHWZR,WDOLDQVWDWHV
PD\ KDYH LQVSLUHG WKH DXWKRU PD\EH /RUG
2[IRUG WR ZULWH DQRWKHU ORVW FRXUW SOD\ 7KH
KLVWRU\RIWKH'XNHRI0LOOD\QDQGWKH0DUTXLVRI
0DQWXDSHUIRUPHGDW:KLWHKDOOLQE\WKH
/RUG&KDPEHUODLQ·V0HQ>@7KLVSOD\PLJKW
KDYHGUDPDWLVHGWKHKLVWRULFHSLVRGHSRUWUD\HG
LQWKH0DQWHJQDIUHVFRLQDGGLWLRQWRSUHYLRXV
HYHQWVDQGVXEVHTXHQWRXWFRPHREYLRXVO\WKH
KLVWRULFDOSHULRGZKHQWKH*RQ]DJDKHOGWKHWLWOH
RI0DUTXLVHVWKDWLVWKHWLPHEHWZHHQZKHQ
WKH /RUG RI 0DQWXD *LDQIUDQFHVFR *RQ]DJD
ZDVJUDQWHGWKHWLWOHRI0DUTXLVE\WKH*HUPDQ
(PSHURU 6LJLVPXQG DQG ZKHQ WKH WKHQ
0DUTXLVRI0DQWXD)HGHULFR,,ZDVUDLVHGWRWKH
'XNHGRPE\&KDUOHV9
,W LV ZRUWK PHQWLRQLQJ WKH UHFRUG LQ
+HQVORZH·V 'LDU\ RI D SOD\ SHUIRUPHG DW
1HZLQJWRQ%XWWVRQ-XQHPDUNHG¶QH·
QHZ HQWLWOHG *DOLDVR 1LQH SHUIRUPDQFHV
ZHUHUHFRUGHGXSWR2FWREHURIWKHVDPH\HDU
>@7KHSOD\KDVEHHQOHIWXQLGHQWLÀHGVRIDU
*DOLDVRDOVRVSHOW*DOOHDVRRU*DOOLDVRLQWKH
'LDU\LVKHUHWDNHQDV¶*DOHD]]R·WKHQDPHRI
WKH,WDOLDQUXOHURI0LODQ$OWKRXJKVHYHUDOORUGV
RI WKDW FLW\ ZHUH FDOOHG VR WKLV ORVW SOD\ PD\
EHWKHGUDPDWL]DWLRQDJDLQ/RUG2[IRUGPD\
EHWKHDXWKRURIWKHYLOODLQRXVOLIHRIZLFNHG
*DOHD]]R6IRU]D'XNHRI0LODQ
127(6
)HXLOOHUDWS
,Q:LOOLDP6WDQOH\WK(DUORI'HUE\ERUQ
DIWHU DQG LQ UHSRUWHG WR EH ¶EXV\ LQ
SHQQLQJ FRPHGLHV IRU WKH FRPPRQ SOD\HUV· ZDV
DJHGDERXW
$QDUWLFOHWRVXEVWDQWLDWHWKLVLVWREHSXEOLVKHG
&IU3LFFRORPLQLS
$V FRQWHPSRUDU\ KLVWRULDQ$QGUHD GD 6FKLYHQ
RJOLD UHFRUGHG LQ KLV &URQDFD GL 0DQWRYD WKH
PHVVHQJHUFRYHUHGWKHGLVWDQFHEHWZHHQ0LODQDQG
0DQWXD LQ IRXUWHHQ KRXUV ULGLQJ WKURXJKRXW WKH
QLJKW+HZRXOGKDYHGHOLYHUHGWKHOHWWHUHDUOLHULIKH
KDGQRWEHHQKHOGDWWKHJDWHVRI&XUWDWRQHRXWVLGH
0DQWXDIRULQVSHFWLRQ
$UFKLYLRGL6WDWRGL0DQWRYD$601$UFKLYLR
*RQ]DJD$*EFFY/HWWHURI%LDQFD
0DULDWR/XGRYLFR,,GDWHGWK'HFHPEHU
,QWKH&RXUW6FHQH/XGRYLFR,,LVSRUWUD\HGLQ
KLVQLJKWJRZQLWZDVVWLOOHDUO\PRUQLQJZKHQKH
UHFHLYHGWKHOHWWHUIURP0LODQ
'HFHPEHU
´7KH7KUHH6\VWHUVRI0DQWXDµ
7KH FRSLRXV FRUUHVSRQGHQFH H[FKDQJHG RQ WKLV
PDWWHUEHWZHHQWKHWZRIDPLOLHVDQGWKHLUHQYR\VLV
KHOGLQWKH$601$*EUHJ
&RQLJOLRS
+RIIPDQQS/HWWHULQ/DWLQ
6LJQRULQL S DQG $601 $*
E
&RQLJOLRS
6LJQRULQLSS
,Q\HDUROG%DUEDUDPDUULHG(EHUKDUG
'XNHRI:UWWHPEHUJ%\WKDWWLPHVKHKDGEHFRPH
YHU\IDW*DOHD]]RPDUULHG%RQDRI6DYR\LQ
+HUXOHGDVDVDYDJHW\UDQWDQGZDVVWDEEHGWRGHDWK
LQIURQWRI6W6WHSKHQ·VFKXUFKLQ0LODQLQ
'RURWHD·V OLIH KDV LQVSLUHG 0DULD %HOORQFL·V
QRYHO7XYLSHUDJHQWLOH9HURQD
2Q DQRWKHU ZDOO LQ WKH URRP 0DQWHJQD KDV
SDLQWHGWKHVFHQHRIWKHPHHWLQJRI/XGRYLFR,,DQG
KLVVRQWKHQHZO\HOHFWHGFDUGLQDO
7KHUH LV DQ H[DPSOH RI D 6KDNHVSHDUH ZRUN
EDVHGRQDSLFWRULDOVRXUFHLWLVWKHSRHP
9HQXVDQG
$GRQLV
LQVSLUHG E\ D7LWLDQ SDLQWLQJ RI WKH VDPH
VXEMHFW 7KH SDLQWLQJ LV QRZ KHOG LQ WKH *DOOHULD
1D]LRQDOHRI3DOD]]R%DUEHULQLLQ5RPH
7KH\ ZHUH WKH JUDQGGDXJKWHUV RI /XGRYLFR ,,
DQGGDXJKWHUVRI)HGHULFRUG0DUTXLVRI0DQWXD
G&KLDUDZKRPDUULHG*LOEHUWRI%RXUERQ
&RXQW RI 0RQWSHQVLHU )UDQFH 0DGGDOHQD ZKR
PDUULHG *LRYDQQL 6IRU]D RI $UDJRQ &RXQW RI
&RWLJQROD /RUG RI 3HVDUR (OLVDEHWWD WKH PRVW
UHQRZQHGZKRPDUULHG*XLGREDOGRGD0RQWHIHOWUR
'XNHRI8UELQRDWWKHLUFRXUW%DOGDVVDUUH&DVWLJOLRQH
ZURWH,O&RUWHJLDQR
)HXLOOHUDWS
)RDNHV5$5LFNHUW57SS
'H9HUH6RFLHW\1HZVOHWWHU
&RULR%HUQDUGLQR3DWULD+LVWRULDDFXUDGL
$0RULVL*XHUUD7RULQR9ROO
'D6FKLYHQRJOLD$QGUHD&URQDFDGL0DQWRYDGDO
DOWUDVFULWWDHGDQQRWDWDGD&DUOR
G·$UFR0LODQR0DQWRYD
'DYDUL 6WHIDQR ´,O 0DWULPRQLR GL 'RURWHD
*RQ]DJDFRQ*DOHD]]R0DULD6IRU]Dµ*LRUQDOH
/LJXVWLFR*HQRYDSS
'LQD$ ´4XDOFKH QRWL]LD VX 'RURWHD *RQ]DJDµ
$UFKLYLR6WRULFR/RPEDUGR;,9SS
)DFFLROL ( 0DQWRYD /H /HWWHUH ,, 0DQWRYD
)HXLOOHUDW$'RFXPHQWV5HODWLQJWRWKH2IÀFHRI
WKH5HYHOV.UDXV5HSULQW1HQGHOQ
)RDNHV 5$ 5LFNHUW 57 HGV +HQVORZH·V
'LDU\&DPEULGJH
*LDQQDQWRQL 1 ,O 3DOD]]R 'XFDOH GL 0DQ
WRYD
5RPD
*LRQWD6)LRUHWWRGHOOHFURQDFKHGL0DQWRYDÀQR
DO0DQWRYD
*UHJ::HG+HQVORZH·V'LDU\/RQGRQ
9ROV
/LQGEDHN - ´'RURWKHD .ULVWLHUQ GHX )RUVWHV
'URQQLQJRJ)DPLOLHQ*RQ]DJDµ+LVWRULVN
7LGVVNULIW,,,SS
/RSH] * 'DOO·$FTXD *$ %RORJQD * *OL
6IRU]DD0LODQR0LODQR
0DQWRYD H L *RQ]DJD QHOOD FLYLOWj GHO 5LQDV
FLPHQWR$WWL GHO &RQYHJQR RUJDQL]]DWR GDOO·
$FFDGHPLD 1D]LRQDOH GHL /LQFHL H GDOO·$FFD
GHPLD 1D]LRQDOH 9LUJLOLDQD 0DQWRYD RWWREUH0LODQR
0DUDQL ( 3HULQD & 0DQWRYD /H $UWL ,,
0D]]ROGL/0DQWRYD/D6WRULD,,0DQWRYD
+RIPDQQ % %DUEDUD YRQ +RHQ]ROOHUQ
0DUNJUlÀQYRQ0DQWXD$XVEDFK
3LFFRORPLQL(6,&RPPHQWDULDFXUD
GL*%HUQHWWL0LODQR9ROO
4XD]]D5RPROR0DQWRYDDWWUDYHUVRLVHFROL
0DQWRYD
6LJQRULQL 5RGROIR ´/HWWXUD VWRULFD GHJOL
DIIUHVFKL GHOOD ¶&DPHUD GHJOL 6SRVL· GL
$ 0DQWHJQDµ -RXUQDO RI WKH :DUEXUJ DQG
&RXUWDXOG ,QVWLWXWHV ;;;9,,, SS
2SXV+RF7HQXH /D &DPHUD 'LSLQWD GL
$QGUHD0DQWHJQD0DQWRYD
6SOHQGRXUV RI WKH *RQ]DJD
&DWDORJR GHOOD
PRVWUDDFXUDGL'6&KDPEHUV-0DUWLQHDX
/RQGRQ
%,%/,2*5$3+<
$PDGHL)HGHULJR&URQDFDXQLYHUVDOHGHOODFLWWj
GL0DQWRYD0DQWRYD9ROO
%HOWUDPL / ´/·DQQXOODPHQWR GHO FRQWUDWWR GL
PDWULPRQLRWUD*DOHD]]R0DULD6IRU]DH'RURWHD
*RQ]DJDµ$UFKLYLR6WRULFR/RPEDUGR;9,
SS´/HFRUWLLWDOLDQHGHOVHFROR;9
/DPRUWHGL'RURWHD*RQ]DJDÀGDQ]DWDGL*DOHD]]R
0DULD 6IRU]D LQ EDVH DL QXRYL GRFXPHQWL LQHGLWL
(PSRULXP,,SS
%ULQWRQ67KH*RQ]DJD/RUGVRI0DQWXD/RQGRQ
&DWDODQR)´/DQXRYDVLJQRULD)UDQFHVFR6IRU]Dµ
6WRULDGL0LODQR¶/·HWjVIRU]HVFDGDODO
·9RO9,,0LODQR
&RQLJOLR*LXVHSSH,*RQ]DJD9DUHVH