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. L sa i d t~cte d on_ 1' i.InFu l ¢e't . David Richn:ol:.d 1 one c.f four#
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ator, 4
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a\·'out a week v.· e four fello~s - sat. - tlr~und . ·
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years a
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, the .A/J:.T campus where we wer• i n ·school, talki~g about
Chronology (SRC - Staigo'?) the integration mover.wnt. And we decided v1e ought
to go do"Ym to Woolowrth' s and see v.hat would
1960:
"
Gr~~nsboro.
happen."
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Feb. l, first sit - in Gr eensboro . ~ ~~
Feb. 15 - sit-ins sprea to 15 cities, 5 southe rn states.
Feb. 16 worst violence yet_, · Portst'louth, Va. highschool kids brtnvl parking lot
Feb . 23 riotin g Ch.a ttanooga
Feb. 25 first deep South sit in Montgo~ry Cy. courthouse, Ala. State students
Feb. 27, fi ghts in 2 of 5 sit-in stores, poUce arrest 100 students.
March 15 first zm ss-sitins Atlanta, 76 arrested.
March 16 - first integration in large southern city, S3n Antonio dimo storr~.
- als.o 1 two Fisk Negro students served coffee in p re v iously segrog.
bus station restaurant Nashville.
March 20. Fla. Gov. Leroy Collins, statP.wide radio-TV, s aid " unfa ir an d
mora lly wrong" to bar Negroes (rom one dept. ttoro and get their
business other parts. Mny have a legal right t o do this, but this
can't be squared with "more ! , simple justice."
NYT reports, support org. at 21 nort~rn colleges, incl. Hvd.
Yale_,Prin eeton.VIlsse.r,Wi s. Indi:na, Berke l ey.
}4lrch 30 . 18 students Southern Univ. Ba ton Rou~ sus~ nded following
sit-ins and anti- r.eg. rally by 2-5000 students on state cap it ol s teps.
Aft6r sus pe nsion, most of 5000 stud ents boyc ott c l a s s es.
Apr. 15-17 SNCC set up to guide activities. 132 Nd groes,lO whites from
11 states & D of C, re p . 37 sit-in communitie s , !·{L Jr. presides.
Apr. 22 Trespass charges dismissed 43 1'4~gro students Raleigh after
demonstration side alk o f privatd y-0\·med shopping; c enter. B•J s ed on Ma rsh
-v. Ala bama compa ny town case 1946 !.>up . Ct., s aying ttownership does no-t
always mean absolute domi nion. 'J.-he mor e an owner , fo r his a d vnntage,
opens up prorerty for use by t he pub!.i c i n general, the more do hi~
rights beco ~ circumscribed by t he const. and sta t. ri ght s of those
who use it."
lv~y 7
Roy _Wilkins an:: ounces "wade-in" plans at 10-s t ate NAACP meeting, says
NAACP wil cont in ue to guide,ad~ise,sup p ort, studen t sit-ins.
May 10 j( 6 st ores de s eg. N ~s hville aftor 4 weeks negotation & boycott.
May 17 1 500 Atlanta s tudent s march tov.'!ir ds capitol to mark Su pCt decision
July 9 Ch~:~rlotte M:\yor' s Friendly he1ati ons Comnittee a nnounces s e v•n doowntown
lunchcoont ers deseg. By now, d e se g . in Nashvi lle, Wi n ston-Sal•m,
Ar li l'lS ton, A1 e xand ria, Austin 1 Corpu .s , Chri sti , Ga l v e ston , So n Antonio
Aug. 1 Durham and Miami des•g, bring ing to 15 number of cities in which
sit- i n s s u cce ssf ul. ( Groens bor .. l unch c runters dese g . July 25). Al s o
Chapel Hill, Se li sbury,Kn oxvi lle, .Norfolk.
Aug . 10 Atty-Gen.~'vm.I<or ers told by officials c hain stores d e seg. in 69
SOI..J·thern citi es, 7lf/o of the m n o sit-ins teok p l.flc••
Aug . 27 . !~f ter 10 days demon st r a ti ons, vio l enee J:::~c.lcsonvi lle, 1 1~egro ki Ue d ,
first fatality ir. d:i rect action activiti~s .
Oct. 1 7 Your noti t'nal chs ins e nn ounc:e· 150 c ountr'l:S , 112 cit ie s de s e g .
Oc t. 19-22 80 a rrest ed Atl11nta de monst. inc l uding :,1L Jr,
Oct . 23·-30- 30 rlay truce b etween COAHR and Hort s:'ield
Nov . 25-30 sitin s re sumo Atlenta . no v i ol!:nce, no arrests . Nov .
first
deseg . of ~ubli c fafeteria when 5 Ne groes served YViCA .
!tzn: u.,c.5- Sup.Ct. 7-2, r u 1"s d i~ crim.bus t~rminal resi.;~J ur£lnt!O oparatod
p l·i rreri l y fo r interstqta rnss tHlg,rs v:io2.-r,tior, IC Act
D(lc . ll - thrus ands Rt 2 mas s prayer me c tinr s At l s nta. Bomb q xplod osDe ·~ .l2
Nogro ~tl em. schoo l.
De c . 2'7
4th Cir cuit . h i chr:: on ct, urhol~s ri g ht rt~steu:::-n;ts t.o s ol~ c t C:.lStomer.s.
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Chronology
1961
(or F~b 6'?)
Feb. 16 Jail-no-bail introd uc~d · as 13 si tinnsr.s Rock Hill ahd 6 at Lynch burg
(4 of 6 white) refuse to pay $ 100 ,f'ines,giv~n 30 day s entences. Four 61'
Rock Hill p!Oplo! SNCC l:ll aders, beccme known as Rock Hill4 . sNcc .Atl
11
HQ ur ges jail no b ail". ~ In Atlanta Feb. 10, 80 jail~Sd on no-bail
strategy, and five days later, 4 Negro, one whitft minister jailed.
March 7 - Atl.CofC announce s agre e m~nt to deseg. lunchrooms.
March 27-29- Tougaloo sit-ins Jackson library arrests. P rotestmeet ing200
Negro students ne x t day at Jackson St-ate broken upby clu·· s,t~argas,
2 Gerl'1'8n police doc;s.
April 17- SupCt ruled privately-ownod rest, leas"d from state must s~rve
l'ie grO! s (W .:. lmi ogton , !:>elawa r•).
~ 14 2 groups Freedom Riders, ell Core,attacked Anniston,Birming;ham,
abandon tour next day. Ha d started Yay 4, destination Nlffl Orb ans.
~y 16 - Inter;ration starts Jacks nville lunchcounters.
May 20 - Montgomary rrDb s a tmck Freedom Riders.
Y.ay 25 - From Jackson cell, FAri'R! r sends word to extend L'reedom Rides to
rnilroads, airlines.
May 26 - Frs•do ~nRide L.oord-Com.m. est •
.:tqxti
June 8 - Perc:y Sutton, }TY NAACP , and l~rk !.&~:~e, arrested trying to us •
restroom J ac k son air t~ rmi rn 1, aftfl r flight Mont .Ala. Bo th ;·ost $500 a ppeal
bonds.
5 N~ g ro andwhite r;i rl s on tro in from New Orl!lansarrest•dJackson
for ref using t o le ave s s g:-eg. waitin g room.
June 9 - NAACP fihs dist.ct. J Hck son t o bar enforc~ mt"tnt local laws at
intra-stat• tn:1nsportati o n fad l i tiss.
J ne 12- US Ju ·:ge I':roric Jehn son ,Jr.'s ban on Fr!!edom ll.ide activity, Alabarm1 1
e x :··ires.
J unf'l 16 - h·~ IJ dom .rti de rs arrested F la.
June 26
J ustic e De p t. su"s us dis t. c t. N.,w Orlea ns t o b a r seg. at air port rest ..
NAACP filessui t Hobih t o s end seg. at }.~obi lt'! air port .faciliti•s.
July 2 3 white, 2 N g ro Fre<ad om Hi de rs arrested Ja ckson bus terminal whi te wait.rm.
Jul y 7 - Ei ght mons from Mont. arrested si:nilar charges.
July 9 - 1 7 ma r. arres t e d trailway s from Mont g omery.
July 10- 4 a rreste d Littl., Ro c:k (r resdornRi d ers too) bus terminAl white wait.:r omm.(r
(sen t ences SU SF end e d J uly 13 rr omis e t o lea ~, ., Arkansas) .
July i::i 26 - Black denies hab ~ns co rpu s for FreedomRide r· Eliz. ~'i yckoff whit e, co:.w i c tedJac k son , S ~, id not prov •d sta te had no le gal processes
availa ble i'orher appeal
Aug; . 16 King , Miami news conferen ce 1 an!loun c e s p ro g ram stand-ins where
Ne g roes den led right regi s ter tovote. Hoposdoubl«!! re g . in 2 yee. rs.
Aug . 22 Jackso n hea ring s fo r 1!39 ?re~ riom F:i d l!!!· s l·· ~'~ c;;i r1, ~, t, ~ n c:ey b ofor•
Hinds Cy Joo ge Rus s e 11 Uoo1·e.
Sopt. 22 I CC , on Robt.Y.('r: r,oC:y l"('' c;_ues t , issue s rules prnh. d i sc .interG t ato
bus e s an d t. usfRc ilit i Es, ~t ff«; (:'t). \' e NC?v • 1
July 20 J.D. ro po rl ~si d
surv·..,y r.i: 2S4 bus tenr.l !'lfl$ 1 17 stet ~ s shryre d s ~ g ~ ir: 97 t fl nl!irJI!t}t:Ml2 s i:e.t-11~
38pt. 28 W.et•Y N. :.-t a ur!:'nt"'~ l l.i.nc ci:c unt l!lr s d e s~ g .. jn At l a nttl. ~ 00 N~ r; rc e s
:.; ~n·o d in 177 re s tr.ure;nt r, r~ :· ~i :r st. tirr.,.
Se pt . 29 SEC ~ o ~ cr t# 108 citia s do s e &• afte r &it- i~ hc tivity.
Oc t. J6 - HFK says Ill i nois Ce n t~·a l 1 S o uth~rn RR, L ouitvil le " l\a.sh•Jill c _. d ~ !l <tg~
Fov 29-Doc~? N~g r n Free don: Ric' tn·;. F..ttfl<.:k(lr! Gr~ ;;:hountl t e rninn l McC o;r,b ..
r ·u c . 1 - St.<p . C. t. u pi1 o ~d!:> r5 g;h':: c L·.tu r~o ::;~~: tc hra~ ri1;g l':e f o:ce ~ :x.p i!nls :'..crJ s t~~ t~ ~" "~ t"·c· a· c r• ) 1"' 6"8. I\ ~fllo
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Dec. 15 Loui sian a del':lonstro.ti oos, 1600 Negroes Ba ton Rouge, . Tear e;as.·
2: lea shed d ogs use d; flO e.rr e·s te d . Demons t ·r a t ion t n r.rot~st Dec , 14
arrest of 23 Negro pickets nnd. Co~-spons ored sit-ins. Temp. inj~ gotten
by Beton Rouge effie als ,from.f od.& state ~ourt s , harring Core picketing
Dec. 16 · 600 Freedom Riders stage si tins. in 40 restaurants Route 10 bet.
Baltimore &. Newcastle, Delaware. Riders in 100 cars. Served in
many restaurants, but 8 arr •,sted on trespassinr; charges in others.
Dec. 18 Peace plan .A lhany
Dec. 19 Core demonstration Nev; Orleans to protest Bato~ Rcuge police
brutality.
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