Delta RV Third Grade Science Revised-2009 Science Third Grade Content Standard 1: Properties and Principles of Matter and Energy GLE 1: Changes in properties and states of matter provide evidence of the atomic theory of matter Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources 1. compare/contrast the observable physical properties of solids, liquids, or gases (air) (example—visible vs. invisible, changes in shape, changes in the amount of space occupied). 1.3 1.6 2.4 3.5 2. Identify everyday objects/susbstances as solid, liquid, or gas (example—air, water). 1.3 1.8 4.1 Strategic Thinking/ Extended Thinking Students will: Reacall D Physical changes in the state of matter that result from thermal changes can be explained by the Kinetic Theory of Matter (matter consists of small particles in rapid random motion) Assessment 1 After conducting an experiment (Wonder Wise, 46-50) in small groups on physical properties of solids, liquids, and gases, use a graphic organizer to compare/contrast these observable properties. Wonder Wise, Windows on Science Aims Education Foundation, Nov. KSAM-Physical Science p. 97 Foss Kit-States of Matter. Les. 1-3 Working in small groups, identify objects found in the classroom that are solid, liquid and gas. Wonder Wise Windows on Science, Vol. III Working independently, use page 51 in Wonder Wise to compare/contrast the physicals properties of the three forms of matter. Independently identify a given list of substances as either a solid, liquid or gas. Science Third Grade Content Standard 1: Properties and Principles of Matter and Energy GLE 1: Changes in properties and states of matter provide evidence of the atomic theory of matter Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources 3. explain how water evaporates (liquid water changes into a gas as it moves into the air). 4. measure and compare the temperature of water when it exists as a solid to its temperature when it exists as a liquid. 1.3 3.5 1.3 3.5 Skill/Concept Physical changes in the state of matter that result from thermal changes can be explained by the Kinetic Theory of Matter (matter consists of small particles in rapid random motion) Students will: Strategic Thinking D Assessment 2 After observing a teacher demonstration, explain how water evaporates into the air, and use a graphic organizer to help the children understand the concept. After observing several demonstrations, give an oral example of a situation where water evaporates into a gas. Working in small groups, use thermometers to measure and compare the temperature of water as a solid (ice) and its temperature when it exists as a liquid. By observation assess the student’s ability to measure and compare the temperature of water when it exists as a solid to its temperature when it exists as a liquid. Students will also need to record the varying information. Science Third Grade Content Standard 1: Properties and Principles of Matter and Energy GLE 1: Changes in properties and states of matter provide evidence of the atomic theory of matter Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources 5. discover that water can change from a liquid to a solid (freeze), and back again to a liquid (melt), as the result of temperature changes. 4. describe the changes in the physical properties of water (example— shape, volume) when frozen or melted. 1.2 1.4 1.6 2.3 3.5 1.3 3.5 Strategic Thinking Physical changes in the state of matter that result from thermal changes can be explained by the Kinetic Theory of Matter (matter consists of small particles in rapid random motion). Students will: Recall D Assessment 3 Read in the text in small groups how water can change from a liquid to a solid and back again to a liquid resulting by temperature change— teacher will also demonstrate After observing the demonstrations, give an oral example of a situation where water becomes a solid. The students will observe the physical changes of water by freezing water in different shaped containers and then observe the shape and volume. Using the Houghton Mifflin DISCOVERY WORKS assessment— assess the students’ ability to describe the changes in the physical properties of water. Science Third Grade Content Standard 1: Properties and Principles of Matter and Energy GLE 1: Changes in properties and states of matter provide evidence of the atomic theory of matter Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources Students will: 7. predict and investigate the effect of heat energy (example— change in temperature, melting, evaporation) on objects and materials. 1.3 3.5 Recall D Physical changes in the state of matter that result from thermal changes can be explained by the Kinetic Theory (matter consists of small particles in rapid random motion) 4 By using the experiment in DISCOVERY WORKS, students will perform an experiment and investigate the effects of heat energy on objects. Assessment The teacher will observe the students’ ability to investigate the effects of heat energy on objects. Science Third Grade Content Standard 1: Properties and Principles of Matter and Energy GLE 2: Energy has a source, can be transferred, and can be transformed into various forms but is conserved between and within systems Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Assessment Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources 1. discover sources of thermal energy (example—Sun, stove, fire, body)that cause solids to change to Forms of liquids, and liquids to energy change to gas. have a source, a means of transfer 2. identify sources of (work light energy (example— and Sun, bulbs, flames) heat), and a receiver 1.2 1.4 1.6 4.1 3. demonstrate light can be transferred from the source to the receiver (eye) through space. 1.2 1.4 3.5 4.1 Strategic Thinking Students will: Using several experiments in small groups to discover sources of thermal energy that cause solids to change to liquids, and liquids to change to gas. 1.2 1.4 1.6 4.1 Recall DISCOVERY WORKS Groups of students will perform experiments and identify source of light energy. DISCOVERY WORKS—B-24 Strategic Thinking A 5 Students will conduct experiments in small groups to demonstrate that light can be transferred from the source to the receiver through space. DISCOVERY WORKS Use page B-25— analyze and conclude to assess understanding of sources of light energy Science: Third Grade Content Standard 1: Properties and Principles of Matter and Energy GLE 2: Energy has a source, can be transferred, and can be transformed into various forms but is conserved between and within systems Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Assessment Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources Students will: 4. differentiate the three things (light source, Forms of energy have a source, a object, and surface) means of transfer necessary to produce a (work and heat), shadow (refer to and a receiver Standard, 6, GLE 2, Concept A). 1.3 1.6 3.5 4.1 Recall A Students will work in groups to perform--How Does the Earth Move Each Day—to see shadow different the three things necessary to produce it. Use analyze and conclude on B35 to assess student’s understanding Students will work in groups to perform Big Star, Big Earth—text page 24 to demonstrate the primary source of light. Students will complete, analyze, and conclude on text page B 25 to assess understanding. Electromagnetic energy from the Sun (solar radiation) is a major source of energy on Earth 1. demonstrate the Sun is the primary source of light and food energy on Earth (see Standard 4, GLE 2, Concept A). Skill/Concept C 1.8 2.2 3.5 6 A Students will: Organisms have basic needs for survival 1. conduct research to analyze and evaluate the basic needs of most plants (examples—air, water, light, nutrients, temperature). 1.2 1.3 1.6 2.3 3.5 1. explain and justify how plants progress through life cycles of seed germination, growth and development, reproduction, and death. 1.3 1.6 1.8 2.4 Extended Thinking Science: Third Grade Content Standard 3: Characteristics and Interactions of Living Organisms GLE 1: There is a fundamental unity underlying the diversity of all living organisms Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Objective Standards Skills Instructional Strategies/Student Activities/Resources Assessment Students will plant seeds of different kinds and place in different areas of the room removing different variables. Students will analyze data for several weeks to assess understanding. With our ongoing plants, students will be able to explain the life cycles of germination, growth, and development. Students will create a diagram and explain and justify the processes of the life cycle of the plant. The modeling chart will be assesses by peers and the teacher. Organisms progress through life cycles unique to different types of organisms Strategic Thinking B 7 Science: Third Grade Content Standard 3:Characteristics and Interactions of Living Organisms GLE 1: There is a fundamental unity underlying the diversity of all living organisms Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Objective Standards Skills D Plants and animals have different structures that serve similar functions necessary for the survival of the organism Students will: 2. illustrate in sequence the stages in the life cycle of a flowering plant. 1.compare/contrast the major organs (roots, stems, flowers, leaves) and their functions in vascular plants (examples—absorption, transport, reproduction) 1.3 1.6 1.8 2.4 1.3 1.7 1.8 3.5 8 Extended Thinking Organisms progress through life cycles unique to different types of organisms Assessment Working with a partner, students will illustrate the life cycle of the plant Students will use the computer to choose graphics to show the stages of the plant life cycle. Extended Thinking B Instructional Strategies/Student Activities/Resources In groups of four to fives students, the children will make a graphic organizer to compare/contrast the structures of the various plants. Using a Venn diagram, each student will compare/contrast functions of major organs. Science: Third Grade Content Standard 3: Characteristics and Interactions of Living Organisms GLE 2: Living organisms carry out life processes in order to survive Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Objective Standards Skills Assessment Students will: Recall C Complex multicellular Organisms have systems that interact o carry out life processes through physical and chemical means Instructional Strategies/Student Activities/Resources 1. illustrate and trace the path of water and nutrients as they move through the transport system of a plant. 1.3 1,8 3.5 In small groups students will do the experiment taking in water to illustrate and trace the path water and nutrients as they move through the plant. Teacher Created Resources—page 28 9 Students will be given a diagram and need to illustrate the path water and nutrients take through the plant. D Students will: There is heritable variation within every species of organism 1. compare and contrast plants with their offspring (example— seedlings). Recall Science: Third Grade Content Standard 3: Characteristics and Interactions of Living Organisms GLE 3: There is a genetic basis for the transfer of biological characteristics from one generation to the next through reproductive processes Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Assessment Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources 1.2 1.3 1.8 3.5 10 After completing an activity that compares and contrast plants with their offspring, students will choose to use a graphic organizer. Students will be given a Venn diagram to compare/contrast plants with their offspring. Science Third Grade Content Standard 4: Changes in Ecosystems and interactions of Organisms with their Environments GLE 2: Matter and energy flow through an ecosystem Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources 1. identify and explain sunlight as the primary source of energy plants use to produce their own food. 2. classify populations of organisms as producers or consumers by the role they serve in the ecosystem. 1.2 1.3 1.6 3.5 1.2 1.3 1.8 2.4 3.5 Extended Thinking As energy flows through the ecosystem, all organisms capture a portion of that energy and transform it to a form they can use Students will: Students will work with a partner to plant flowers and conduct experiments to identify and explain sunlight as the primary source of energy plants use. Assessment of journal responses Conduct investigations, classifying populations of organism as producers or consumers by the role they serve in the ecosystem. Teacher observation Recall A Assessment 11 Science Third Grade Content Standard 4: Changes in Ecosystems and Interactions of Organisms with their Environments GLE 2: Matter and energy flow through an ecosystem Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources As energy flows through the ecosystem, all organisms capture a portion of that energy and transform it to a form they can use 3. sequence the flow of energy through a food chain beginning with the Sun and write a conclusion. 1.2 1.3 1.8 2.1 3.5 4. evaluate the possible effects of removing an organism from a food chain. 1.2 1.3 3.5 Recall Students will: Skill/Concept A Assessment 12 In groups of two or three students, Students will illustrate the children will design a food chain, their own food chain. sequencing the flow of energy using the computer to generate pictures. After a study of food chains, using visuals of food chains, have students evaluate the possible effects of removing an organism from a food chain. Given an example of a food chain, assess orally or written the student’s ability to evaluate the possible effects of removing an organism from a food chain. Science Third Grade Content Standard 5: Processes and Interactions of the Earth’s Systems (Geosphere, Atmosphere, and Hydrosphere) GLE 1: Earth’s systems (geosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere) have common components and unique structures Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources 1. explain how liquid water can change into a The atmosphere gas (vapor) in the air (refer to Standard 1). (air) is composed of a mixture of gases, including water vapor, and minute particles 2. describe how clouds and fog are made of tiny droplets of water and support your explanation (refer to Standard 1). 1.2 1.3 3.5 1.2 1.3 3.5 Recall Students will: Skill/ Concept/ Recall C Assessment 13 Students will work in groups performing and conducting experiments and recording observation which explain how water can change into a gas in the air. Students will use their records to write an informative paragraph. Using “Clouds”—the experiment in weather—page 17—students will see how clouds and fog are made of tiny droplets of water. Students will be assessed by writing a paper explaining how clouds and fog are made from tiny droplets of water. The children will refer to the experiment. Science Third Grade Content Standard 5: Processes and Interactions of the Earth’s Systems (Geosphere, Atmosphere, and Hydrosphere) GLE 1: Earth’s systems (geosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere) have common components and unique structures Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources The atmosphere (air) is composed of a mixture of gases, including water vapor, and minute particles Students will: 3. identify air as a substance that surrounds us, takes up space, and moves around us as wind (refer to Standard 1). 1.5 2.3 Recall C Assessment 14 Using the experiment in “Weather” page 15 students will identify air as a substance that takes up space, and moves around up as wind. Teacher observation— to assess the student’s ability to identify and explain that air is a substance that surrounds us, takes up space, and moves around up as wind. Science Third Grade Content Standard 5: Processes and Interactions of the Earth’s Systems (Geosphere, Atmosphere, and Hydrosphere) GLE 2: Earth’s systems (geosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere) interact with one another as they undergo change by common processes Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Assessment Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources Students will: 1. illustrate and describe clouds and precipitation as forms of water. 1.2 1.6 3.5 Skill/Concept E Changes in the form of water as it moves through Earth’s systems are described as the water cycle 15 Students will work in groups of two to three and work outside observing clouds. The children will illustrate and describe clouds and the precipitation as forms of water. Students will be given a set of clouds and will choose those clouds that provide precipitation. Science Third Grade Content Standard 6: Composition and Structure of the Universe and the Motion of the Objects Within It GLE 1: The universe has observable properties and structure Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources 1. describe out sun as a star because it provides light energy to the solar system (refer to Standard 1 and 4). 1.8 2.2 3.5 2. identify the moon as a reflector of light. 1.3 1.8 Strategic Thinking The Earth, sun and moon are part of a larger system that includes other planets and smaller celestial bodies Students will: Strategic Thinking A Assessment 16 Students will work together with trade books forming a paragraph to describe out sun as a star. Rubric for paragraphs Students will work in small groups and will perform an experiment with a tennis ball and flashlight to identify the moon as a reflector of light. Using the record of the experiment, students will illustrate what they observed in the experiment. A Students will: The apparent position of the Sun and other stars, as seen from Earth, change in observable patterns 1. illustrate and describe how the Sun appears to move slowly across the sky from east to west during the day. 1.2 1.6 3.5 1. illustrate and describe how the moon appears to move slowly across the sky from east to west during the day and/or night. 1.2 1.6 3.5 Recall Science: Third Grade Content Standard 6: Composition and Structure of the Universe and the Motion of the Objects Within It GLE 2: Regular and predictable motions of objects in the universe can be described and explained as the result of gravitational forces Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Assessment Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources In small groups, us a globe and a flashlight to demonstrate that the Sun appears to move slowly across the sky from east to west during the day. Use journals from experiment to assess After completing an activity with simple models of the moon and Sun, illustrate and describe how the moon appears to move slowly across the sky from east to west during the day and/or night. Peer assessment of the illustrations The apparent position of the moon, as seen from Earth, and its actual position relative to Earth change in observable patterns Skill/Concept B 17 B Students will: The apparent position of the moon, as seen from Earth, and its actual position relative to Earth change in observable patterns 2. observe and analyze the change in the moon’s appearance relative to time of day and month over several months and note the pattern in this change. 1.2 1.6 1.8 1.10 3.5 Strategic Thinking Science Third Grade Content Standard 6: Composition and Structure of the Universe and the Motion of the Objects Within In GLE 2: Regular and predictable motions of objects in the universe can be described and explained as the result of gravitational forces Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Assessment Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources 18 Students will work in groups to perform the experiment “How Does the Moon Move?” DISCOVERY WORKS—page B50 to observe and analyze the change in the moon’s appearance relative to the time of day and month over several months and notice the patterns. Using data from experiments, teacher will assess their ability by observation. The regular and predictable motions of the Earth and Moon relative to the Sun explain natural phenomena on Earth, such as day, month, year, shadows, moon phases, eclipses, tides, and seasons 1. demonstrate that there is a day/night cycle every 24 hours. 1.2 1.8 2.1 1.10 2. discover the changes in length and position (direction) of shadows from morning to midday to afternoon. 1.2 1.3 1.10 3.5 3. discover how the Sun’s position in the sky changes the length and position of shadows. 1.2 1.3 1.6 3.5 4.1 Skill/Concept Students will: Skill/Concept C Skill/Concept Science Third Grade Content Standard 6: Composition and Structure of the Universe and the Motion of the Objects Within It GLE 2: Regular and predictable motions of objects in the universe can be described and explained as the result of gravitational forces Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Assessment Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources 19 In small groups, use a globe or Styrofoam ball and a flashlight and/or sundial to demonstrate that there are 24 hours in a day/night cycle. Students will demonstrate their understanding of day/night cycle by illustrating a shadow’s path over 24 hours by using a graphic organizer. Given illustrations of objects with the Sun in Use a sundial or create a shadow different positions in stick figure and observe it over time the sky, assess the to discover the changes in length and student’s ability to position of the shadow from draw the appropriate morning to midday to afternoon. shadow ad discovered through investigation. Discover through outdoors experimentation how the Sun’s position in the sky changes the length and position of shadows Teacher observation Science Third Grade Content Standard 7: Scientific Inquiry GLE 1: Science understanding is developed through the use if science process skills, scientific knowledge, scientific investigation, reasoning, and critical thinking Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Assessment Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources Extended Thinking 2. plan and conduct a fair test to answer questions. 1.1 1.2 1.3 4.1 Extended Thinking 1. make qualitative observations using the five senses. 1.2 2. make observations using simple tools and equipment (examples—hand lenses, magnets, thermometers, metric rulers, balances, graduated cylinders). 3. measure length to the nearest centimeter, mass using grams, temperature using Celsius, volume using liters. Skill/Concept B Scientific inquiry relies upon gathering evidence from qualitative and quantitative observations 1.1, 1.2, 1.6 1.7, 1.10 1.4 1.6 1.8 20 Students will use, analyze, and conclude to pose questions about objects. In all experiments students will plan and conduct a fair test to answer questions. Teacher and peer observation Teacher and peer observation Students will consistently make qualitative observations using all five senses. Teacher and peer observation Skill/Concept Scientific inquiry includes the ability of students to formulate a testable question, and explanation, and select appropriate investigative methods to obtain evidence relevant to the explanation Students will: 1. pose questions about objects, material, organisms and events. Students will make observations using science equipment during science experiments. Teacher and peer observation Skill/Concept A Using a ruler, scales, and thermometer, the students will perform experiments. Teacher and peer observation Science Third Grade Content Standard 7: Scientific Inquiry GLE 1: Science understanding is developed through the use if science process skills, scientific knowledge, scientific investigation, reasoning, and critical thinking Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Assessment Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources Students will: 4. compare amounts/measurements. 1.4 1.8 Extended Thinking 5. judge whether measurements and computation of quantities are reasonable. 1.10 3.5 Extended Thinking 1. use quantitative and qualitative data as support for reasonable explanations. 1.8 1.10 Extended Thinking B Scientific inquiry relies upon gathering evidence from qualitative and quantitative observations 2. use data as support for observed patterns and relationships, and to make predictions to be tested. 3.1 In the experiment where is the water vapor—students will compare amounts and judge whether measurements and comparison of quantities are reasonable Teacher and peer observation Teacher and peer observation Evidence is used to formulate explanations Extended Thinking C 21 In the experiment where does water vapor came from—students will use quantitative and quantitative data to support explanations. Teacher and peer observation Along with support in observing patterns and making relationships, the students will make predictions to be tested later. Teacher and peer observation Science Third Grade Content Standard 7: Scientific Inquiry GLE 1: Science understanding is developed through the use if science process skills, scientific knowledge, scientific investigation, reasoning, and critical thinking Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Assessment Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources E The nature of science relies upon communication of results and justification of explanations Students will: 1. evaluate the reasonableness of an explanation. 2. analyze whether evidence supports proposed explanations. 1. communicate simple procedures and results of investigations and explanations through: oral presentations, drawings and maps, data tables, graphs (bar, single line, pictograph) and writings. Extended Thinking 1.10 Extended Thinking 1.8 3.3 Extended Thinking D Scientific inquiry includes evaluations (hypotheses, laws, theories) in light of scientific principles (understandings) 1.8 2.1 22 Using the magic of static experiments, students will evaluate the reasonableness of an explanation. Students will analyze whether evidence supports explanations. After performing an experiment students will be in groups to give oral presentations while others draw maps, tables, graphs, and writings Teacher and peer observation Teacher and peer observation Teacher and peer observation Rubric for writing Oral presentation rubric Science Third Grade Content Standard 8: Impact of Science, Technology and Human Activity GLE 1: The nature of technology can advance, and is advanced by, science as it seeks to apply scientific knowledge in ways that meet human needs Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Assessment Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources Students will: 1. interpret how some objects or materials (examples—Sun, fire, ice, snow) occur in nature (natural objects; others (examples—stoves, refrigerators, bulbs, candles, lanterns) have been designed and made by people to solve human problems and enhance the quality of life (manmade objects). B Advances in technology often result in improved data collection and an increase in scientific knowledge 1. describe how new technologies have helped scientists make better observations and measurements for investigations (examples—telescopes, computers, magnifiers, balances, microscopes stethoscopes, thermometers). Strategic Thinking 1.2 1.10 2.3 2.4 Extended Thinking A Designed objects are used to do things better or more easily and to do some things that could not otherwise by done at all 1.4 1.6 23 After discussion, groups will brainstorm about how different objects have been designed and made by people to solve human problems to enhance life. Brainstorm list Students will get into groups and discuss how new technologies have helped scientists make better observations. Teacher and peer observation Science Third Grade Content Standard 8: Impact of Science, Technology and Human Activity GLE 2: Historical and cultural perspectives of scientific explanations help to improve understanding of the nature of science and how science knowledge and technology evolve over time Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Assessment Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources Students will: 1. research biographical information about various scientists and inventors from different gender and ethnic backgrounds, and describe how their work contributed to science and technology (assess locally). 1.9 2.3 2.4 3.4 3.6 Extended Thinking A People of different gender and ethnicity have contributed to scientific discoveries and the invention of technological innovations 24 Students will research an inventor using web and describe how their work contributed to science and technology Individually students will write a report on their chosen inventor to show their contributions Rubrics Science Third Grade Content Standard 8: Impact of Science, Technology and Human Activity GLE 3: Science and technology affect, and are affected by, society Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Objective Standards Skills A People, alone or in groups, are always making discoveries about nature and inventing new ways to solve problems and get work done Instructional Strategies/Student Activities/Resources Assessment Students will: 1. identify a question that was asked, or could be asked, or a problem that needed to be solved when given a brief scenario (fiction or nonfiction of people working alone or in groups solving everyday problems or learning through discovery). 2. work with a group to solve a problem, giving due credit to the ideas and contributions of each member (assess locally). Recall Notice Rationale Teacher and peer observation Notice Rationale Teacher and peer observation Strategic Thinking 1.1 3.1 Strategic Thinking 2.3 3.6 4.4 4.6 25
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