2015 Classical Greek
Advanced Higher – Interpretation
Finalised Marking Instructions
 Scottish Qualifications Authority 2015
The information in this publication may be reproduced to support SQA qualifications only on a noncommercial basis. If it is to be used for any other purposes written permission must be obtained
from SQA’s NQ Assessment team.
Where the publication includes materials from sources other than SQA (secondary copyright), this
material should only be reproduced for the purposes of examination or assessment. If it needs to
be reproduced for any other purpose it is the centre’s responsibility to obtain the necessary
copyright clearance. SQA’s NQ Assessment team may be able to direct you to the secondary
sources.
These Marking Instructions have been prepared by Examination Teams for use by SQA Appointed
Markers when marking External Course Assessments. This publication must not be reproduced
for commercial or trade purposes.
Part One: General Marking Principles for: Classical Greek Advanced Higher — Interpretation
This information is provided to help you understand the general principles you must apply when
marking candidate responses to questions in this Paper. These principles must be read in
conjunction with the specific Marking Instructions for each question.
(a)
Marks for each candidate response must always be assigned in line with these
general marking principles and the specific Marking Instructions for the relevant
question. If a specific candidate response does not seem to be covered by either the
principles or detailed Marking Instructions, and you are uncertain how to assess it,
you must seek guidance from your Team Leader/Principal Assessor.
(b)
Marking should always be positive ie, marks should be awarded for what is correct
and not deducted for errors or omissions.
GENERAL MARKING ADVICE: Classical Greek Advanced Higher — Interpretation
The marking schemes are written to assist in determining the “minimal acceptable answer” rather
than listing every possible correct and incorrect answer. The following notes are offered to support
Markers in making judgements on candidates’ evidence, and apply to marking both end of unit
assessments and course assessments.
Page 2
Section A: Greek Religion
Question
1.
Expected Answer(s)
The candidate should include the following:

Athene speaks to Achilles whom she protects and
encourages

She tells him that he will kill Hector with her help

Disguised as Deiphobus she speaks to Hector

She leads him on and encourages him to attack
Achilles

Deiphobus uses plurals suggesting both will act
together
She behaves in this way:

She is on the side of the Greeks

She boosts Achilles’ confidence to do battle with
Hector

She tricks Hector who is ready to fight Achilles

Hector believes he has Deiphobus’ help and this
boosts his confidence
Credit will be given for development of the above
Credit will be given for relevant quotations in
Greek or English
Credit will be given for any other relevant point
To maximum 15
Page 3
Max
Mark
15
Additional Guidance
Question
2.
Expected Answer(s)
The candidates should include the following:

Being unjust is more profitable than being just

People praise worth of self control or justice but
consider them difficult to practise

Easy life for wicked while good are often allotted
misfortune

Punishment for the wicked (lines 40ff)

Unjust can escape punishment by making
sacrifices (lines 74-75)

Warning to Greeks about failure to believe in
gods
Credit will be given for development of the above
Credit will be given for relevant quotations in
Greek or English
Credit will be given for any other relevant point
To maximum 15
Page 4
Max
Mark
15
Additional Guidance
Question
3.
Expected Answer(s)
The candidate should include the following:
Pentheus’ purpose:

Dislikes Dionysus is a foreigner − Greeks were
xenophobic

Does not wish to accept him as a god as he is
new

Disapproves of Dionysus appearance − too
womanly

Accuses him of leading women of Thebes astray
Dionysus’ purpose:

Dionysus warns him of potential danger but
wishes make fool of Pentheus

Dionysus persuades Pentheus to dress as a
woman to avoid recognition

Reason for this is to prevent Pentheus from being
killed

Dionysus plays on Pentheus’ desires

Dionysus eager to punish him for his non-belief
Cult appeals to women:

Women give more prominence in religious cult

Given more freedom then they have Athenian
culture
Credit will be given for development of the above
Credit will be given for relevant quotations in
Greek or English
Credit will be given for any other relevant point
To maximum 15
Page 5
Max
Mark
15
Additional Guidance
Question
4.
Expected Answer(s)
Essay
20
The candidate will be given credit for:
(a)
Max
Mark

mention of relevant point

development of point

quotation in Greek or English

sustained argument

All believe in the gods

The gods affect all aspects of the Greeks’ daily
lives

They behave like humans eg argue

Agree they are powerful

They decide the fate of humans eg life or death
especially Homer

Their actions are not always beneficial −
Homer/Euripides/Plato

Plato thinks they are bad influence on children −
though poets

Plato has some doubts about them − not all
Greeks strong believers

People are punished for non belief eg Pentheus

Euripides concerned of Dionysus’s bad influence
on women − they commit crime for him

Any other relevant point
Page 6
Additional Guidance
Question
(b)
Expected Answer(s)
Homer
Max
Mark
20

Gods are very powerful

Gods and goddesses control the lives of men and
women

Gods and goddesses behave like humans

They have many human characteristics

Mention some of the aspects of life on Mt
Olympus

Relationships between different gods and
goddesses − their agreements and quarrels

Importance of position of Zeus − final say in all
matters

Jealousy of Hera

Any other relevant point
Page 7
Additional Guidance
Question
(c)
Expected Answer(s)
Euripides
Max
Mark
Additional Guidance
20

To be open-minded and willing to accept new god

Non-acceptance leads to punishment

Disapproves of women’s irrational behaviour

Dionysus is the god of ecstasy in religion and
exists

Dionysus should be accepted into the Olympian
family

Explores Greeks’ xenophobia − unwilling to
accept foreign god

Any other relevant point
To maximum 20
Section A total: 65
(scaled to 100)
Page 8
Section B: War
Question
1.
Expected Answer(s)
The candidate should include the following:

Summarise the arguments of Demosthenes and
Nicias concisely and avoiding repetition in their
own word

Evaluation requires a statement of how good or
convincing the arguments – this requires not only
a statement that x or y is a good/bad argument
but an assessment of the argument’s cogency in
the light of realities of the situation presented by
Thucydides

A good answer requires a wider knowledge of the
set text and of the historical situation which it
describes

It is essential to draw the contrast between
Demosthenes’ pragmatism and Nicias’ dithering
and concern for his own position and reputation
Credit will be given for development of the above
Credit will be given for relevant quotations in
Greek or English
Credit will be given for any other relevant point
To maximum 15
Page 9
Max
Mark
15
Additional Guidance
Question
2.
Expected Answer(s)
The candidate should include the following:
Dikaiopolis attacks Lamachus because:

He is dressed in full armour

He represents the pro-war party

He is prominent and self-important

He has not been on front line since war started

In his opinion Lamachus is paid too much
Lamachus’ defence:

He has been democratically elected

Thinks he is important has important job to do

Says he is off to fight Spartans
Credit will be given for development of the above
Credit will be given for relevant quotations in
Greek or English
Credit will be given for any other relevant point
To maximum 15
Page 10
Max
Mark
15
Additional Guidance
Question
3.
Expected Answer(s)
The candidate should include the following:

Agamemnon has missed the joy of his children

Greeks went to retrieve the woman who went
willingly to Troy

Greek have wasted many lives due to many
deaths in the war

Greeks have missed out on their home lives with
their wives and children

The dead have not been prepared for burial by
their wives and are buried on foreign soil

Greek women have been widowed and died

Greek fathers are lonely without their sons
Cassandra makes the position worse as:

She threatens revenge for her brother and father

She threatens to kill Agamemnon

She causes havoc in his home and brings down
the house of Atreus
Credit will be given for development of the above
Credit will be given for relevant quotations in
Greek or English
Credit will be given for any other relevant point
To maximum 15
Page 11
Max
Mark
15
Additional Guidance
Question
4.
Expected Answer(s)
Essay
20
The candidate will be given credit for:
(a)
Max
Mark

mention of relevant point

development of point

quotation in Greek or English

sustained argument
Thucydides, Aristophanes and Euripides

all are critical of the effects of war

Arist emphasises discomfort and difficulty of war,
Thuc the failure to carry out policy effectively,
trusting affairs to the wrong leaders and
subjection to the whims of popular opinion while
Eur has sympathy for the sufferings even of the
enemy and the oppression of conquered people

Aristophanes deals with the point of view of the
non-combatant citizen and caricatures Lamachus

Should give some concrete examples of these
from the text

Should mention the different mode presentation
in comedy, history and tragedy

Dehumanising effect of war

Any other relevant point
Page 12
Additional Guidance
Question
(b)
Expected Answer(s)
Thucydides
Max
Mark
20

A good answer will draw on Thucydides own
presentation of the character of Nicias as
reflected in the set text studied

It will deal with the contrasts with other Athenian
generals esp Demonsthenes

Mention will be made of Nicias’ shortcomings and
his role in delaying the departure of the fleet

Thucydides retains respect for him as an
individual

Account should be taken Of Thucydides’ verdict
on the failure of the expedition with reference to
his account of its inception and the difficulties
which he there highlighted (rehearsed in the
selection by Demonsthenes)

These deal with fighting without adequate
intelligence at such a distance form home and the
dangers (later their reality of opening up a war on
two fronts
Page 13
Additional Guidance
Question
4
c
Expected Answer/s
Aristophanes
Max
Mark
Additional Guidance
20
• Is critical of the effects of war
• Wishes to satirise the state’s use of warfare
• Hatred of Spartans expressed by Dikaiopolis in
line 13 (gw de misw men Λakedaimoniouv
sfodra–I hate the Spartans very much) is a view
held by many Athenians because they feel that the
Spartans are responsible for the loss of their fathers,
husbands and sons
• No foreigners in Athens during festival
• Country-dwellers find their vines cut down
• Megarians are starved (confiscation of crops) and turn
to Sparta for help which incenses the Athenians further
• City of Athens suffers complete upheaval
• Mention effects of war-shortage of food, inability to
obtain luxuries,violence, loss of lives
• Old men (like those in Chorus) have to serve in the
ranks
• The wrong people, Lamachus, Cleon and various
worthless aristocrats pick up the rewards
• Dikaiopolis advocates peace as he is tired of fighting
in war as do some Athenian citizens
• Discuss how Athenians would have felt fighting long
war-exhausted, in low spirits etc
• City depleted of cash too and effect on citizens
• Answer should evaluate both accuracy of the
picture presented and how well it is portrayed by
Aristophanes.
• Any other relevant point
To maximum of 20
Section B total: 65
(scaled to 100)
Page 14
Conversion Table 65 to 100
Points
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
Marks
100
98
97
95
94
92
91
89
88
86
85
83
82
80
78
77
75
74
72
71
69
68
66
65
63
62
60
58
57
55
54
52
51
Points
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Marks
49
48
46
45
43
42
40
38
37
35
34
32
31
29
28
26
25
23
22
20
18
17
15
14
12
11
9
8
6
5
3
2
0
[END OF MARKING INSTRUCTIONS]
Page
15 14
Page
2015 Classical Greek
Advanced Higher – Translation
Finalised Marking Instructions
 Scottish Qualifications Authority 2015
The information in this publication may be reproduced to support SQA qualifications only on a noncommercial basis. If it is to be used for any other purposes written permission must be obtained
from SQA’s NQ Assessment team.
Where the publication includes materials from sources other than SQA (secondary copyright), this
material should only be reproduced for the purposes of examination or assessment. If it needs to
be reproduced for any other purpose it is the centre’s responsibility to obtain the necessary
copyright clearance. SQA’s NQ Assessment team may be able to direct you to the secondary
sources.
These Marking Instructions have been prepared by Examination Teams for use by SQA Appointed
Markers when marking External Course Assessments. This publication must not be reproduced
for commercial or trade purposes.
Part One: General Marking Principles for: Classical Greek Advanced Higher Translation
This information is provided to help you understand the general principles you must apply when
marking candidate responses to questions in this Paper. These principles must be read in
conjunction with the specific Marking Instructions for each question.
(a)
Marks for each candidate response must always be assigned in line with these
general marking principles and the specific Marking Instructions for the relevant
question. If a specific candidate response does not seem to be covered by either the
principles or detailed Marking Instructions, and you are uncertain how to assess it,
you must seek guidance from your Team Leader/Principal Assessor.
(b)
Marking should always be positive ie, marks should be awarded for what is correct
and not deducted for errors or omissions.
GENERAL MARKING ADVICE: Classical Greek Advanced Higher Translation
The marking schemes are written to assist in determining the “minimal acceptable answer” rather
than listing every possible correct and incorrect answer. The following notes are offered to support
Markers in making judgements on candidates’ evidence, and apply to marking both end of unit
assessments and course assessments.
Page 2
Classical Greek Advanced Higher Translation
EITHER
1. Translate into English
Block
1
Text and Translation
tou d’ pigignomenou qerouv lkibiadhv
te pleusav v rgov nausin ekosin
Essential idea:
2
3
4
5
6
3
And 6 Chian ships, two
Lesbian, 1200 Athenian
hoplites, 300 archers, and
20 mounted archers
twn de xummacwn kai nhsiwtwn plitaiv
malista pentakosioiv kai ciloiv.
Essential idea:
3
They mounted an expedition
against Melos with 30 of
their own ships.
Ciaiv de x, Lesbiain de duoin, kai
plitaiv autwn men diakosioiv ka
cilioiv kai toxotaiv triakosioiv kai
ppotoxotaiv ekosi,
Essential idea:
3
The Athenians deposited
them on neighbouring
islands under their control.
kai pi Mhlon thn nhson qhnaioi
strateusan nausin autwn mn
triakonta,
Essential idea:
3
He captured 300 Argives
suspected of Spartan
sympathies
kai kateqento atouv qhnaioi v tav
gguv nhsouv n rcon·
Essential idea:
2
Next summer Alcibiades
sailed to Argos with 20 ships
rgeiwn touv dokountav ti poptouv
enai kai ta Lakedaimoniwn fronein
labe triakosiouv ndrav
Essential idea:
Max Mark
Plus around 1500 hoplites
from their island allies
Page 3
3
Additional Guidance
Block
7
Text and Translation
o de Mhlioi Lakedaimoniwn men esin
poikoi,
Essential idea:
8
9
10
11
12
13
2
3
So the Athenian force took
up camp in their territory
o strathgoi logouv prwton
poihsomenouv pemyan presbeiv.
Essential idea:
3
They resorted to open
hostilities
stratopedeusamenoi on v thn ghn
atwn t paraskeu taut
Essential idea:
3
Then when the Athenians
tried to compel them by
ravaging their land
v polemon faneron katesthsan.
Essential idea:
3
At first they were neutral
peita v atouv nagkazon o qhnaioi
dountev thn ghn,
Essential idea:
3
who refused to submit to
the Athenians like the other
islanders
lla to men prwton odeterwn ntev
sucazon,
Essential idea:
Additional Guidance
Melians are Spartan
colonists,
twn d’ qhnaiwn ok qelon pakouein
sper o lloi nhsiwtai,
Essential idea:
Max Mark
3
And the generals sent
ambassadors to negotiate.
(Thucydides 5. 84. 1–3 (abridged))
Total 37 marks
Conversion to 50
Page 4
OR
2. Translate into English
Block
1
Text and Translation
e gar qeleiv nnohsai to kolazein,
 Σwkratev, touv dikountav ti pote
dunatai,
Essential idea:
2
3
4
5
6
7
3
For what is done cannot be
undone
2
lla tou mellontov carin,
Essential idea:
3
Anyone who punishes
rationally does not do so for
the sake of the past offence
o gar n to ge pracqen genhton qeih
Essential idea:
3
Unless taking irrational
vengeance like a beast
 de meta logou piceirwn kolazein o
tou parelhluqotov neka dikhmatov
timwreitai
Essential idea:
3
No one punishes for the
sake of the offence,
stiv mh sper qhrion logistwv
timwreitai·
Essential idea:
3
It shows that people think
virtue can be acquired
odeiv gar kolazei touv dikountav prov
tout ton noun cwn kai toutou neka,
ti dikhsen,
Essential idea:
3
Consider the punishment of
offenders
ato se didaxei ti o ge nqrwpoi
gountai paraskeuaston enai rethn.
Essential idea:
Max Mark
But for the sake of the future
Page 5
Additional Guidance
Block
8
Text and Translation
na mh aqiv dikhs mhte atov otov
mhte llov  touton dwn kolasqenta.
Essential idea:
9
10
11
12
13
3
3
And all human beings do
punish offenders,
kai oc kista qhnaioi o soi politai.
Essential idea:
3
This is the view of all who
punish privately and publicly.
timwrountai de kai kolazontai o te
lloi nqrwpoi ov n owntai dikein,
Essential idea:
3
Because he punishes for the
sake of deterrence
tauthn on thn doxan pantev cousin
soiper timwrountai kai di kai
dhmosi.
Essential idea:
3
Which shows that he thinks
virtue is teachable
potrophv goun neka kolazei.
Essential idea:
Additional Guidance
To prevent the offender
reoffending and to deter
others.
kai toiauthn dianoian cwn dianoeitai
paideuthn enai rethn·
Essential idea:
Max Mark
3
Including the Athenians.
(Plato, Protagoras 324a–c)
Total 38 marks
Conversion to 50
Page 6
AND
EITHER
3. Translate into English
Block
1
Text and Translation
sth d’ ’Iqakhv ni dhm pi proqurois’
’Odushov,
Essential idea:
2
3
4
5
6
7
3
Sitting on the hides of the
oxen they had slaughtered
khrukev d’ atoisi kai trhroi
qerapontev o men r’ onon misgon ni
krhthrsi kai dwr,
Essential idea:
3
They were enjoying
themselves by playing
draughts
menoi n inoisi bown, ov ktanon
atoi.
Essential idea:
3
She was met by the sight of
the suitors in their arrogance
o men peita pessoisi proparoiqe qurawn
qumon terpon,
Essential idea:
3
In the guise of Mentes, a
Taphian guest-friend
ere d’ ra mnhsthrav ghnorav·
Essential idea:
3
On the edge of the
courtyard, holding a spear
edomenh xein, Tafiwn ghtori, Ment.
Essential idea:
3
She stood in the portico of
Odysseus’ house in Ithaca
odou p’ aleiou· palam d’ ce
calkeon gcov,
Essential idea:
Max Mark
While heralds and servants
mixed wine and water
Page 7
3
Additional Guidance
Block
8
Text and Translation
o d’ ate spoggoisi polutrhtoisi
trapezav nizon kai protiqen,
Essential idea:
9
Additional Guidance
3
And wiped the tables
2
toi de krea polla dateunto.
Essential idea:
Max Mark
And divided the meat into
portions
(Homer, Odyssey 1. 103–12)
Total 26 marks
Conversion to 50
Page 8
OR
4. Translate into English
Block
1
Text and Translation
 qeoi, ti leussw; tina dedorka
nerterwn;
Essential idea:
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
3
Your unsightly appearance is
not what I expected
d’ emi, mhtrov thv talaipwrou foneuv.
Essential idea:
3
My body is gone, but my
name has not abandoned
me
 para logon moi sh faneis’ morfia.
Essential idea:
3
Your pupils are dry and your
gaze terrible
to swma froudon, to d’ nom’ o leloipe
me.
Essential idea:
3
It’s not the way I look
but what I’ve done that
disfigures me
deinon de leusseiv mmatwn xhraiv
koraiv.
Essential idea:
3
Your hair is wild and squalid
oc  prosoyiv m’ lla trg’ akizetai.
Essential idea:
3
You’re right: my troubles
mean that I’m dead, though I
see the light of day
v griwsai plokamon acmhron, talav.
Essential idea:
3
What is this I see: a denizen
of the underworld?
e g’ epav· o gar zw kakoiv, faov d’
rw.
Essential idea:
Max Mark
Here I am, my mother’s
murderer.
Page 9
3
Additional Guidance
Block
Text and Translation
Max Mark
9
kousa· feidou d’, ligakiv legwn kaka.
3
Essential idea:
10
So I heard; but be
sparing — speak of your
troubles as little as possible
feidomeq’·  daimwn d’ v me plousiov
kakwn.
Essential idea:
Additional Guidance
3
I am sparing: but the deity is
rich in evils towards me
(Euripides, Orestes 385–94)
Total 30 marks
Conversion to 50
Page 10
Conversion Table 37 to 50
Points
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
Marks
50
49
47
46
45
43
42
41
39
38
36
35
34
32
31
30
28
27
26
Points
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Marks
24
23
22
20
19
18
16
15
14
12
11
9
8
7
5
4
3
1
0
Conversion Table 38 to 50
Points
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
Marks
50
49
47
46
45
43
42
41
39
38
37
36
34
33
32
30
29
28
26
25
Points
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Marks
24
22
21
20
18
17
16
14
13
12
11
9
8
7
5
4
3
1
0
Page 11
Conversion Table 26 to 50
Points
Conversion Table 30 to 50
Points
Marks
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
50
48
46
44
42
40
38
37
35
33
31
29
27
25
23
21
19
17
15
13
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
END OF MARKING INSTRUCTIONS
Page 12
Marks
50
48
47
45
43
42
40
38
37
35
33
32
30
28
27
25
23
22
20
18
17
15
13
12
10
8
7
5
3
2
0