NAME: _______________________________________________________
ENC 1102 FINAL EXAM REVIEW (200 points, due April 28)
The exam will comprise a MULTIPLE-CHOICE section (600 points) and a 400-to 500-WORD
(two-paragraph) ESSAY section (450 points). The combined score will count for 10.5 percent of the
total grade in this class. The essay must have a thesis statement (no introduction is needed), two primary
support points, a one-sentence conclusion, parenthetical citation(s), and a work(s)-cited page. Passages for
quoting will be provided. Scantron forms will be provided. You must bring a number-two pencil, a pen,
and paper for the essay.
The test will be administered in our classroom on Tuesday, May 3, 9:30-11:20 a.m. for section
78020, and on Thursday, May 5, 5-6:50 p.m. for section 78007. (If you have another test scheduled at
the same time, please let the dean know. The final exam schedule has these times reserved for our
classes.) If you are in the afternoon class, you may take the test with the 9:30 a.m. section on May 3 if
you would like, but you must let me know in writing (e-mail) by April 28 so that I will have enough tests
and seats. If you have given me an accommodations form, your test will be available in the Testing Center (YSSB 309) from April 29 to the time that the rest of your class is scheduled to complete the exam. If
you prefer, you may take the test with the rest of the class, but that option does not allow double time.
I.
THE WRITING PROCESS (See slides 1 through 20 of the January 14 slide show and pages 28-31.)
1. Know the FIVE STEPS of the WRITING PROCESS, in order:
A. ________________________________ (decide on a topic based on your purpose in writing and narrow
the topic to an appropriate size for the assignment)
B. ________________________________ (arrange your ideas in a logical order)
C. ________________________________ (put those ideas into complete sentences and paragraphs)
D. ________________________________ (make the writing clearer or more convincing by eliminating ideas
that do not fit and adding transitions and more support if needed)
E. _________________ (correct errors in word use, spelling, punctuation, capitalization, and grammar)
2. Know the THREE MAIN PARTS OF AN ESSAY’s structure:
A. __________________________ (the sentence that states the topic and makes the main point/claim)
B. __________________________ (the paragraphs that support the main point)
C. ______________________ (the paragraph that recalls the main point and considers the big picture)
3. Know how to create and recognize a well-organized OUTLINE by using the following elements. Identify what
each is and what it must do:
A. introduction ___________________________________________________________________________
B. thesis (p. 337) _________________________________________________________________________
C body paragraph(s) ______________________________________________________________________
D. primary support ________________________________________________________________________
E. secondary details _______________________________________________________________________
F. conclusion ____________________________________________________________________________
4. A GOOD THESIS STATEMENT must make a ____________________ that requires __________________,
not just state a _________________. (See slide 11 of the Jan. 14 or slide 3 of the Jan. 26 slide show.)
5. Understand what literary ANALYSIS is (pp. 33-37). Which of these is the BEST example of a thesis statement
for a FORMAL ANALYTICAL ESSAY?
A. In “The Story of an Hour” readers initially meet a weak, fragile woman who has recently received news of
her husband’s death.
B. In “The Story of an Hour,” author Kate Chopin uses many symbols.
C. Although Mrs. Mallard had all of the things in life she wanted, she couldn’t help feeling trapped, but if it were
me, I believe I would have taken a different path.
D. The open window in "The Story of an Hour" by Kate Chopin symbolizes freedom and new opportunities for
the protagonist after her husband’s supposed death.
6. Unless it is assigned as an opinion paper, a formal essay almost always avoids _______________-PERSON
and_______________________-PERSON PRONOUNS like (ex.)__________________________________.
7. When discussing literature, a formal essay almost always uses what VERB TENSE? ___________________
8. To create effective PERSUASION, a writer must (see slide show of February 16, especially slide 5):
A. Understand ______________________________ so that the writer can take into account the opinions and
knowledge of its members.
B. State one’s case clearly in a thesis statement that uses a verb like ______________________,
____________________, or ___________________.
C. __________________________________ one’s opinion with solid examples, evidence, and details
D. Know the various sides of the issue (in order to do “f” below).
E. Establish one’s ______________________________ by citing expert sources, considering possible
counterarguments, and using proper formatting and style so that the audience trusts the writer.
F. Respectfully address _________________________________ so that the audience isn’t turned off.
G. Find ______________________________________________ with one’s audience members to show that
the writer’s ultimate objectives, desires, and motivations are not so different from theirs.
9. Which of these is the BEST example of a thesis statement for a FORMAL PERSUASIVE ESSAY?
A. Based on the evidence, which suggests Mrs. Wright was in poor mental health at the time of the murder,
she should be found not guilty by reason of insanity.
B. Overwhelming evidence will show that Mrs. Wright is guilty of murder in the first degree.
C. Anyone can see that there is not enough evidence to convict Mrs. Wright of murder.
D. Mrs. Wright should be found not guilty by reason of insanity because of the reasons that I will explain.
II. LOGIC AND CRITICAL THINKING (See Feb. 16 slide show. slides 20-25, and “Writing an Argument” handout.)
Define and be able to identify these seven kinds of logical fallacies:
10. Either/or thinking (the fallacy of the false dilemma): _______________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________Example:
The patent office can approve my generator design immediately or say goodbye forever to affordable energy.
11. False analogy: ____________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
__________________ Example: Letting prisoners out on early release is like absolving them of their crimes.
12. False authority: ___________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
___________________ Example: My high school band director said Obama is a socialist, so it must be true.
13. Faulty causality (post hoc ergo propter hoc): ____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________ Example: A year after the release of the
violent shoot-’em-up video game Annihilator, incidents of school violence tripled—surely not a coincidence.
14. Red herring: _____________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
________________________ Example: That painting is worthless because I have never heard of that artist.
15. Hasty generalization: _______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
___________ Example: I won’t eat at that restaurant; the only time I ate there, my entree was undercooked.
16. Begging the question: ______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________ Example: You can’t flunk that paper; I’m an “A” student!
Page 2 of 12
Identify which logical fallacy is used in each statement below: A. Either/or thinking
B. Red herring
C. Faulty causality (post hoc…) D. Hasty generalization E. Begging the question F. The logic is not flawed.
17. _____ Donald Trump is a good communicator because he speaks effectively.
18. _____ Although he sometimes makes offensive remarks, Donald Trump is a good communicator in that he
gets people’s attention.
19. _____ The level of mercury in seafood may be unsafe, but if regulations are passed, fishermen won’t be able
to support their families.
20. _____ The level of mercury in seafood may be unsafe, but the value of the fishing industry outweighs the risk
of the health of a few people.
21. _____ I’ve met three race drivers today, and all were rude. As a result, I am not enjoying the race very much.
22. _____ I've met three racecar drivers today, and all were rude. Clearly, all racecar drivers are rude.
23. _____ Pointing to a fancy chart, Roger shows how temperatures have been rising in the past few centuries while
the number of pirates has been decreasing; thus, pirates cool the world, and global warming is a hoax.
24. _____ The city council cannot deal with homelessness because it is busy with the problem of wrong-way drivers.
III. THE RESEARCH PAPER (See slide shows of January 19, January 26, and February 4, and pp. 82-97.)
Know how to find a VALID, TRUSTWORTHY, CITABLE, EXPERT SOURCE (Jan. 19). Identify if each of the following is acceptable for the type of research paper listed and explain why (if you aren’t sure, check that site).
25. An unsigned article titled “Animal
Evolution and Diversity” from
→
Shmoop.com for a research paper on evolution:
□ IT’S CITABLE; USE IT
□ DO NOT USE IT
Explain why: __________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
←
26. An unsigned essay labeled
“Hamlet – Critical Essay Free
Essay, Term Paper and Book
Report” from Freeessays123.com for a research
paper on William Shakespeare’s Hamlet:
□ IT’S CITABLE; USE IT
□ DO NOT USE IT
Explain why:________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 3 of 12
→
27. An article by Patricia Ferrara
titled “ ‘Nature’s Priest’:
Establishing Literary Criteria
for Arthur C. Clarke’s ‘The
Star’ ” from the summer
1987 journal Extrapolation,
found in the Artemis Literary
Sources database at
http://go.galegroup.com
.db11.linccweb.org, linked
from libguides.hccfl.edu, for
a research paper on
Clarke’s short stories:
□ IT’S CITABLE; USE IT
□ DO NOT USE IT
Explain why: ___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
28. An unsigned article titled “Wuthering Heights: Major Themes” from http://www.cliffsnotes.com/literature/w/
wuthering-heights/critical-essays/major-themes for a research paper on symbols in Emily Brontë’s novel:
□ IT’S CITABLE; USE IT
□ DO NOT USE IT
Explain why: __________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Correctly format QUOTATIONS with MLA-STYLE PARENTHETICAL CITATIONS (January 26 and February 4).
29. Write a sentence incorporating a correctly formatted and punctuated QUOTATION with an MLA-STYLE PARENTHETICAL CITATION for “never seemed a very cheerful place” from page 286 of Susan Glaspell’s short
play “Trifles”: ____________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
30. Write a sentence incorporating a correctly formatted and punctuated QUOTATION with an MLA-STYLE PARENTHETICAL CITATION for “Perhaps they only showed us the best” from page 164 of Arthur C. Clarke’s
short story “The Star”: _____________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 4 of 12
Know how to recognize a correctly formatted MLA-STYLE WORKS CITED PAGE (Feb. 4, slides 15-19, and pp. 85-96).
31. Write an MLA-style works cited page entry for a short story, short play, or poem in your textbook (pick one):
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
32. Write an MLA-style works cited page entry for an article from the Artemis Literary Sources, Literature Resources
from Gale, or EBSCO database. You may use the citation tool, but know what the results should look like.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
IV. GRAMMAR AND PUNCTUATION (See slide shows and handouts from the dates provided below.)
PARTS OF SPEECH (discussed on January 14)
A noun is a person, place, or thing. A verb shows action or state of existence/being. An adjective answers
“Which one?” “What kind?” or “How many?” An adverb often ends in “-ly” and answers “How?” “When?” or
“Where?” A pronoun replaces a noun. Most prepositions fit into this sentence: Birds can fly _____ the clouds.
Identify the part of speech of the bold, underlined word in each sentence below.
33. I need to do some work around the house this weekend.
A. noun
B. verb
C. adjective
D. preposition
E. adverb
34. Many Americans make less money today than they did five years ago.
A. noun
B. verb
C. adjective
D. preposition
E. adverb
35. The teenager drove less carefully when her mother was not in the car.
A. noun
B. verb
C. adjective
D. preposition
E. adverb
36. I fear that our country will be in a recession for several more years.
A. noun
B. verb
C. adjective
D. preposition
E. adverb
37. Arachnophobia is the fear of spiders.
A. noun
B. verb
D. preposition
E. adverb
D. preposition
E. adverb
39. Before winter, squirrels must store as many acorns as they can find.
A. noun
B. verb
C. adjective
D. preposition
E. adverb
40. An absentee ballot may be discarded if it is not signed and stamped.
A. pronoun
B. adverb
C. adjective
D. preposition
E. conjunction
C. adjective
38. If you arrive late to class, you must have a good reason.
A. noun
B. verb
C. adjective
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41. People must eat well and exercise regularly to maintain a healthy heart.
A. pronoun
B. adverb
C. adjective
D. preposition
E. conjunction
42. Children often misbehave only because they want some attention.
A. pronoun
B. adverb
C. adjective
D. preposition
E. conjunction
PUNCTUATING QUOTES AND USING MLA-STYLE CITATIONS (January 26 & February 4)
Add correct punctuation and MLA-style parenthetical citations to the following sentences. The original
text and its source appear above each sentence. Use a comma if the quote has a source phrase (like “he
said”) but not if the sentence would be incomplete (a fragment) without the quote.
43. Wright was close. (Mrs. Hale on page 287 of Susan Glaspell’s “Trifles”)
Mrs. Hale offers revealing information when she says Wright was close
44. She used to sing real pretty herself. (Mrs. Hale on page 289 of Susan Glaspell’s “Trifles”)
When Mrs. Hale recalls She used to sing real pretty herself a connection is made between the bird and Mrs. Wright
45. Like a raw wind that gets to the bone. (Mrs. Hale on page 290 of Susan Glaspell’s “Trifles”)
Mrs. Hale describes John Wright as [l]ike a raw wind that gets to the bone
46. I know what stillness is. (Mrs. Peters on page 292 of Susan Glaspell’s “Trifles”)
Mrs. Peters shows her hesitance to identify with the murderer when she says I know what stillness is
47. Which of the following is a correctly formatted and punctuated QUOTATION with MLA-style PARENTHETICAL CITATION for Susan Glaspell’s “Trifles” in your textbook if it is the only work by Glaspell
on your works cited page? (The punctuation marks are bold so that you can better see them.)
A. The attorney seems naïve when he says that “a sheriff’s wife is married to the law (Glaspell, 29).”
B. The county attorney says, “For that matter, a sheriff’s wife is married to the law,” (“Trifles,” page 29).
C. County Attorney George Henderson naïvely says, “a sheriff’s wife is married to the law.” (Glaspell 29)
D. County Attorney George Henderson jokes that “a sheriff’s wife is married to the law” (Glaspell 29).
VERB TENSE CONSISTENCY (February 11)
In the following items, choose the sentence that uses CONSISTENT VERB TENSES (underlined).
48. A. The man worked 40 hours and made $400.
B. Beth will go to work tomorrow because her boss was going on a vacation.
C. My mom loves her job, but she had wanted a promotion.
49. A. Jim knows that the truth always hurt.
B. While Joann was getting ready, her phone rang.
C. My sister will be working with me. She would help me in my work.
50. A. Tired, I went back home and slept.
B. I woke up early today and dance all day.
C. If he loves you, he would marry you.
51. A. The door swings open and then slammed.
B. The man buys eggs so he could fry them.
C. I made a B on the essay that I had finished last week.
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52. A. All he wanted at this point is a little compassion.
B. It is a nice day; therefore, I want to fly a kite.
C. Carl liked that he is remembered for his great football achievements.
53. A. When my mom goes to the store, she bought a treat for everyone.
B. While Barbara puts in her contact lenses, the telephone rang.
C. Everyone hopes the plan will work.
54. A. By the time negotiations began, many pessimists have expressed doubt about them.
B. After Capt. James Cook visited Alaska on his third voyage, he is killed by Hawaiian islanders in 1779.
C. I was terribly disappointed with my grade because I had studied very hard.
55. A. Shawna was singing in her room when suddenly her brother knocks at the door.
B. As soon as they reached the island, the captain tells his crew to throw the anchor.
C. Wendy goes to the library every day. She loves reading books.
SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT (February 23)
The subject is who or what is doing something in a sentence. It is always a noun or a pronoun. The predicate verb is either the action the subject is doing or a linking verb, which connects the subject to a word or
words that describe or rename it. The subject and verb must agree (singular or plural). Indefinite pronouns
that end in “-one,” “-body,” or “-thing” are always singular. “All,” “more/most,” and “some” can be singular or
plural. If a sentence has two subjects joined by “and,” they create an “s” idea. If the two subjects are joined by
“or,” the verb should agree with the subject closer to it. Don’t be misled by an interrupter. “Here,” “there,”
or “where” can NEVER be the subject of a sentence. In those cases, the subject usually comes after the
verb. HINT: (1) Cross out prepositional phrases and other interrupters. (2) Ask yourself, “Who or what is
doing the action (the verb)?” That will tell you the subject. (3) Then apply the “s” no “s” rule.
Choose the verb that agrees with the subject in the sentences below.
56. Barack Obama, as well as other public officials,
64. Where _________________ the extra sheets for
______________ to work for voters’ approval.
Grandma’s bed?
A. need
B. needs
A. are
B. is
57. Everybody _______________ hoping for safety
with the last space shuttle launch.
A. were
B. was
65. Henry or one of the other drivers ____________
to work Thanksgiving for overtime pay.
A. get
B. gets
58. Here ______________ the man who works as a
bouncer at the dance club on Main Street.
A. come
B. comes
66. The doctor who will make her rounds tonight
________________ Dr. Stevens.
A. are
B. is
59. The airline crew ______________ eight hours of
rest between shifts.
A. require
B. requires
67. Most of the baseball team, as well as the groundskeepers, _________ paid extra in the post-season.
A. are
B. is
60. The directions on the box ______________ to
microwave the stew until it comes to a boil.
A. say
B. says
68. My family __________ a deep-fried turkey every
year for Thanksgiving.
A. have
B. has
61. Nobody, including many parents, _____________
pleased with the public school system in America.
A. are
B. is
69. My feelings about this candidate ____________
that he is intelligent but inexperienced.
A. are
B. is
62. Some of the children at my son’s school
______________ Little League baseball.
A. play
B. plays
70. All of the students __________ passing the class.
A. are
B. is
63. My brother and Teri __________ started dating.
A. have
B. has
71. There ________ fourteen children on the waiting
list at the Ybor Child Care Center.
A. are
B. is
Page 7 of 12
FRAGMENTS, RUN-ONS, COMMA SPLICES, AND COMPLETE SENTENCES (March 1 and 8)
To find these answers easily and accurately, follow these steps: 1.) Cross out prepositional phrases
and interrupters. 2.) Underline the verb(s). 3.) Circle the subject(s). 4.) Put a box around dependent words
(subordinating conjunctions and relative pronouns). 5.) If the word group begins with a dependent word and
has only one clause (S+V pair), it is a fragment. 6.) If the word group has two clauses, look for the proper
punctuation between the clauses. Two independent clauses can be correctly joined with a comma and a
FANBOYS conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) or a semicolon alone. If one clause is dependent, the
sentence needs a comma only after the dependent clause if it comes before the other clause.
72. Lisa plays basketball every evening, she is great at lay-ups.
A. comma splice
B. run-on
C. fragment
D. none (correct as written)
73. We know.
A. comma splice
D. none (correct as written)
B. run-on
C. fragment
74. Ed found a mouse in the kitchen so he called the pest control service this morning.
A. comma splice
B. run-on
C. fragment
D. none (correct as written)
75. If they had only studied!
A. comma splice
B. run-on
C. fragment
D. none (correct as written)
76. Julio put his heart and soul into his research paper, for he knew that his grade depended on it.
A. comma splice
B. run-on
C. fragment
D. none (correct as written)
77. Eating breakfast in the car every morning as I drive to work.
A. comma splice
B. run-on
C. fragment
D. none (correct as written)
78. The young girl sings like a professional but the microphone isn’t working properly.
A. comma splice
B. run-on
C. fragment
D. none (correct as written)
79. Which is apparent from the lack of punctuation in his cover letter.
A. comma splice
B. run-on
C. fragment
D. none (correct as written)
80. Heather takes all her classes in Brandon but she lives in Temple Terrace.
A. comma splice
B. run-on
C. fragment
D. none (correct as written)
81. She loves grilled cheese sandwiches and eats one every day.
A. comma splice
B. run-on
C. fragment
D. none (correct as written)
CORRECTING SENTENCE ERRORS WITH COORDINATION AND SUBORDINATION (March 8)
Choose the option that is correctly punctuated. If the original sentence is correct, select D.
82. It was a beautiful day there was not a cloud in the sky.
A. day; there
B. day; and there
C. day. And there
D. No change is necessary.
83. Brianna has great skin she takes good care of it.
A. skin, she
B. skin and she
C. skin because she D. No change is necessary.
84. Karla likes Mexican food but Robert hates it.
A. food; but
B. food, but
C. food. But
D. No change is necessary.
85. I love playing online games. And play two hours every day.
A. games and
B. games, and
C. games; and
D. No change is necessary.
86. I don’t play tennis well. Because I have a poor backhand.
A. well, because
B. well because
C. well; because
D. No change is necessary.
87. Camphor is a volatile substance therefore, it vaporizes when kept in an open space.
A. substance, therefore, it
B. substance, therefore it
C. substance; therefore, it
D. No change is necessary.
Page 8 of 12
88. She loves soccer; but her brother is into basketball.
A. soccer, but her
B. soccer, but, her
C. soccer but her
D. No change is necessary.
89. He sings every day. So he is good at it.
A. every day; so
B. every day so
D. No change is necessary.
C. every day, so
90. Angela scored a 96 percent on the test the cheerleaders want to study with her.
A. test, so the
B. test, the
C. test, so, the
D. No change is necessary.
91. Students can eat in the cantina in the Ybor Building or they can eat in the café in the library building.
A. Building. Or
B. Building, or
C. Building: or
D. No change is necessary.
92. When Louise sees her husband walk into the house, her newfound freedom falls apart.
A. the house. Her
B. the house; her
C. the house her
D. No change is necessary.
93. Shanika could not come to class. After she broke her ribs in a car accident.
A. class after she
B. class; after she
C. class, after she
D. No change is necessary.
PRONOUN AGREEMENT (March 29) AND RELATIVE PRONOUNS (April 12)
Pronouns must agree in number and gender with its antecedent (the noun to which it refers). Some are always
plural: we, they, both, few, many, others, several. Some are always singular: I, he, she, it, another, any, each,
either, every, little, much, neither, none, one, other, and anything ending in “-one,” “-body,” or “-thing.” Some
pronouns can be singular or plural (look at the object of the preposition “of”): all, more, most, some. “Who”
and “whom” refer to humans; “that” and “which” refer to nonhumans. Use “who” if the next word is a verb but
“whom” if the next word is a noun or pronoun. “That” never gets commas; “which” always gets commas.
Choose the sentence that has no pronoun error.
94. A. The boys’ basketball team will play their best in the next game.
B. Each of the players on the softball team will play their best in Saturday’s game.
C. Some teams play their best under pressure.
D. Our softball team will allow anybody who has their own glove to play.
95. A. A child should not run around the pool as they might get hurt.
B. Hurricanes are very dangerous; they mainly occur in tropical areas.
C. The boy that was trying to jump the fence fell.
D. The fruits which were sitting in the bowl looked juicy.
96. A. Every team member has to try their best to win the game.
B. I noticed a beautiful yellow lovebird who sat alone in its birdcage.
C. The puppies who were kept in the cage cried.
D. Mrs. Wright is a homemaker who is frustrated about being mistreated and overlooked by her husband.
97. A. Samantha is a strong person that never gives up.
B. Marie Curie, who was a Polish scientist, was famous for discovering radioactivity.
C. Every student did their best in contributing money for Veterans Day.
D. Neither of the boys brought their assignments to school.
98. A. Her uncle, who argues constantly, has been arrested.
B. Any student that wants to excel must study.
C. Economics is a course which I enjoy studying.
D. The nurse that just arrived is very hardworking.
99. A. A baby that smiles a lot is a joy to his or her parents.
B. “Amazing Grace,” which he sang in church, is one of my favorite songs.
C. The person which left the engine running is nowhere to be found.
D. Celebrities that use Botox look weird.
Page 9 of 12
100. A. The iPhone, that was created at Apple under Steve Jobs, is a very user-friendly cellphone.
B. A cat that hisses seldom bites.
C. “Is she the girl that we saw in the mall yesterday?” asked Joann.
D. The person that gave the speech teaches at Stanford University.
101. A. Anya is the one who rescued the bird.
B. Anya is the one whom rescued the bird.
C. Anya is the one that rescued the bird.
D. Anya is the one which rescued the bird.
102. A. This is a situation that you must endure for the rest of your life.
B. This is a situation who you must endure for the rest of your life.
C. This is a situation which you must endure for the rest of your life.
D. This is a situation whom you must endure for the rest of your life.
103. A. The student from who I received a late paper was not surprised to get a zero.
B. The Florida panther, which is endangered, is losing acres of habitat every year.
C. His boss, whom got a promotion, will now report to the vice president of marketing.
D. The scholarship does not always go to the applicant that has the highest grades.
ADJECTIVES, ADVERBS, AND MODIFYING PHRASES (April 26)
Adjectives answer “Which one?” “What kind?” and “How many?” Adverbs often end in “-ly” and answer
“How?” “When?” “Where?” or “To what extent?” When comparing two and only two things, add -er OR
“more” (NOT BOTH!). When comparing three or more things, use -est OR “most” (but not both). A few are
irregular: good/better/best (adj.), bad/worse/worst (adj.), well/better/best (adv.), and badly/worse/worst (adv.). A
linking verb links the subject (a noun/pronoun) to a word that describes it, so that word must be an adjective.
Select the correct adjective or adverb in the following sentences.
104. I started a workout yesterday and ached ______ when I awoke today.
A. bad
B. badly
C. more worse
D. worser
105. The results of my X-ray are ________, so the doctor is releasing me today.
A. good
B. goodly
C. more good
D. well
106. Giorgio’s Pizzeria is a much ______ place to get a pizza than Napoli Ristorante.
A. best
B. better
C. more better
D. more good
107. Terry gets F’s because he doesn’t concentrate very ________ when he studies.
A. good
B. great
C. super
D. well
108. Sue never pays attention to her aunt when she talks ________.
A. crazier
B. crazily
C. crazy
D. more crazier
109. Jonathan’s birthday cake, which had chocolate icing, was ________.
A. delicious
B. deliciously
C. more delicious
D. most deliciously
Modifiers (adjectives, adverbs, or even whole phrases) must appear next to or near the word or phrase they
modify. Misplaced modifiers often occur with (1) limiting modifiers (nearly, almost, barely, hardly, only, just), (2)
“-ing” verb phrases, (3) past participle (“-ed,” “-n,” “-t”) verb phrases, (4) “to” + a verb phrases, (5) prepositional
phrases, and (6) relative pronoun clauses. HINT: Find the modifying phrase, which is often set off with a
comma, and ask yourself, “Who or what is doing the ___ing?”
Identify if the modifiers in the following sentences are placed correctly or misplaced/dangling.
110. Chirping outside our window, we enjoyed hearing the birds all spring.
A. Placed correctly
B. Misplaced or dangling
111. With a friend who works at the mall, I know about all the sales before they start.
A. Placed correctly
B. Misplaced or dangling
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112. To catch the serial killer, the police asked the FBI for assistance.
A. Placed correctly
B. Misplaced or dangling
113. Crumpled and partially unwrapped, Jack found his package sitting on the doorstep.
A. Placed correctly
B. Misplaced or dangling
114. Doing a lot of planning, the party was a huge success.
A. Placed correctly
B. Misplaced or dangling
115. Paul, having no idea where he was going, refused to stop and ask for directions.
A. Placed correctly
B. Misplaced or dangling
116. After reading the wrong chapter, the test was difficult for Alex.
A. Placed correctly
B. Misplaced or dangling
V. LITERATURE: FICTION, POETRY AND DRAMA
Identify the reading strategy illustrated by each statement (pp. 16-17 and 43-56, and Jan. 21 slide show).
117. As a woman whose own husband died years before she wrote “The Story of an Hour,” Kate Chopin could
personally understand and appreciate that a sense of freedom may accompany the loss of a spouse.
A. biographical
B. formalist
C. psychoanalytical
D. gender
E. historical/cultural
F. mythological
118. With tools like foreshadowing (Louise’s weak heart), symbols (the spring life outside Louise’s window),
and irony (the ending), Chopin shows that Louise and all people can have complicated emotions.
A. biographical
B. formalist
C. psychoanalytical
D. gender
E. historical/cultural
F. mythological
119. “The Story of an Hour” reflects the growing movements for personal independence in the late 1800s in
America and the struggles of people who must conform to the roles of their social and economic class.
A. biographical
B. formalist
C. psychoanalytical
D. gender
E. historical/cultural
F. mythological
120. When Louise hears of her husband’s death, she suddenly acknowledges a powerful subconscious desire
for freedom that she had repressed. This shows how repressing an innate desire can be destructive.
A. biographical
B. formalist
C. psychoanalytical
D. gender
E. historical/cultural
F. mythological
121. The inspiration and peace that Louise feels when she sees signs of springtime outside her window recall
the ancient Greek story of Persephone. Also, the self-awareness that Louise experiences is similar to
Eve’s state after eating from the Tree of Knowledge, making her unable to go back to the state of
marriage in the same way that Eve is expelled from the Garden of Eden.
A. biographical
B. formalist
C. psychoanalytical
D. gender
E. historical/cultural
F. mythological
122. Chopin suggests that married men presume they have the “right to impose a private will upon a fellowcreature [their wives]” (41) and that men, like the doctors at the end of the story, misinterpret women.
A. biographical
B. formalist
C. psychoanalytical
D. gender
E. historical/cultural
F. mythological
Know definitions of these literary terms from the glossary in your textbook and WRITE EXAMPLES of them
here. On the test, you will get examples from the works we have read and must identify what they are.
123. conflict (pp. 294 and 313) _____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
124. speaker / narrator / persona (pp. 335, 328, and 331) ________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
125. setting (p. 334) _____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
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126. exposition (p. 295 and 318) ___________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
127. rising action (pp. 297 and 333) _________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
128. climax (pp. 296 and 312) _____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
129. falling action (pp. 297and 319) _________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
130. resolution / conclusion / dénouement (pp. 296-297, 314, and 332) _____________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
131. foreshadowing (pp. 295 and 321) _______________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
132. theme (pp. 282 and 337) _____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
133. image / imagery (p. 324) _____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
134. symbol (pp. 297-298 and 336) _________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
135. simile (p. 335) ______________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
136. metaphor (p. 327) ___________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
137. personification (p. 331) _______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
138. allusion (p. 308) ____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
139. irony (p. 325) ______________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
140. overstatement / hyperbole (p. 323) _____________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
141. understatement (p. 338) ______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
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