CHAPTER
NEW CHAPTER
How Cells Function
the BIG idea
All cells need energy and materials for life processes.
16.1 Chemical reactions take place inside cells.
16.2 Cells capture and release energy.
16.3 Materials move across the cell’s membranes.
CHAPTER OUTLINE
CHAPTER RESOURCES
16.1
CHAPTER HOME
KEY CONCEPT
Chemical reactions take place inside cells.
VOCABULARY
All cells are made of the same elements. Cells
contain four types of large molecules— carbohydrates,
chemical reaction
carbohydrate
lipid
protein
nucleic acid
carbohydrates
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
SECTION
OUTLINE
16.1
CHAPTER HOME
KEY CONCEPT
Chemical reactions take place inside cells.
VOCABULARY
All cells are made of the same elements. Cells
contain four types of large molecules— carbohydrates,
lipids
chemical reaction
carbohydrate
lipid
protein
nucleic acid
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
lipids
SECTION
OUTLINE
16.1
CHAPTER HOME
KEY CONCEPT
Chemical reactions take place inside cells.
VOCABULARY
All cells are made of the same elements. Cells
contain four types of large molecules— carbohydrates,
lipids, proteins
chemical reaction
carbohydrate
lipid
protein
nucleic acid
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
proteins
SECTION
OUTLINE
16.1
CHAPTER HOME
KEY CONCEPT
Chemical reactions take place inside cells.
VOCABULARY
All cells are made of the same elements. Cells
contain four types of large molecules— carbohydrates,
lipids, proteins , and nucleic acids—that support
cell function.
About two thirds of every cell is water. The properties
of water are important to cell function.
chemical reaction
carbohydrate
lipid
protein
nucleic acid
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
nucleic acids
SECTION
OUTLINE
16.2
CHAPTER HOME
KEY CONCEPT
Cells capture and release energy.
All cells need energy. Some cells capture light energy
through photosynthesis. All cells release chemical
energy from glucose.
Cellular respiration and fermentation are two ways that
cells release energy from glucose.
Light
Energy
chemical energy
glucose
photosynthesis
chlorophyll
cellular respiration
Cellular
Respiration
water
VOCABULARY
glucose
fermentation
oxygen
Photosynthesis
carbon
dioxide
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
Chemical
Energy
SECTION
OUTLINE
16.2
KEY CONCEPT
CHAPTER HOME
Cells capture and release energy.
All cells need energy. Some cells capture light energy
through photosynthesis. All cells release chemical
energy from glucose.
Cellular respiration and fermentation are two ways that
cells release energy from glucose.
VOCABULARY
chemical energy
glucose
photosynthesis
chlorophyll
cellular respiration
fermentation
VISUALIZATION
Examine how plants
use sunlight to make
sugar molecules.
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
SECTION
OUTLINE
16.3
CHAPTER HOME
KEY CONCEPT
Materials move across the cell’s membranes.
Passive transport is the movement of materials from an
area of higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration. Diffusion and osmosis are examples of
passive transport.
VOCABULARY
diffusion
passive transport
osmosis
active transport
Equal amounts of
oxygen move into
and out of the
cell.
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
SECTION
OUTLINE
16.3
CHAPTER HOME
KEY CONCEPT
Materials move across the cell’s membranes.
Passive transport is the movement of materials from an
area of higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration. Diffusion and osmosis are examples of
passive transport.
Active transport is the movement of materials from an area
of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration.
Cells need energy to perform active transport.
VOCABULARY
diffusion
passive transport
osmosis
active transport
energy
salt
inside
cell
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
SECTION
OUTLINE
16.3
KEY CONCEPT
CHAPTER HOME
Materials move across the cell’s membranes.
Passive transport is the movement of materials from an
area of higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration. Diffusion and osmosis are examples of
passive transport.
Active transport is the movement of materials from an area
of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration.
Cells need energy to perform active transport.
VOCABULARY
diffusion
passive transport
osmosis
active transport
VISUALIZATION
Observe active
transport at work.
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
SECTION
OUTLINE
16.1
CHAPTER HOME
KEY CONCEPT
Chemical reactions take place inside cells.
I. Chemical reactions take place inside cells.
A. All cells are made of the same elements.
B. Large molecules support cell function.
1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
VOCABULARY
chemical reaction
carbohydrate
lipid
protein
nucleic acid
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic Acids
C. About two thirds of every cell is water.
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY
16.2
KEY CONCEPT
CHAPTER HOME
Cells capture and release energy.
II. Cells capture and release energy.
A. All cells need energy.
VOCABULARY
chemical energy
glucose
B. Some cells capture light energy.
photosynthesis
C. All cells release energy.
1. Cellular Respiration
2. Fermentation
chlorophyll
cellular respiration
fermentation
3. Energy and Exercise
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY
16.3
KEY CONCEPT
CHAPTER HOME
Materials move across the cell’s membranes.
III. Materials move across the cell’s membranes.
A. Some materials move by diffusion.
VOCABULARY
diffusion
passive transport
1. Concentration
osmosis
2. Diffusion in Cells
active transport
3. Osmosis
B. Some transport requires energy.
1. Active Transport
2. Endocytosis
3. Exocytosis
C. Cell size affects transport.
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY
CHAPTER HOME
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VISUALIZATION
Examine how plants
use sunlight to make
sugar molecules.
VISUALIZATION
Observe active
transport at work.
CHAPTER HOME
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