2014 Beyond Reporting: Recognizing, Responding and Referring Significant Changes in the Law that became Effective May 25, 2012: Failure of a mandatory reporter to report sexual or severe physical child abuse is now a felony. Failure to report witnessed child sexual abuse is now A felony and requires reporting by all persons 18 and older. Duty to report now extends beyond professional capacity. Whistleblower protection for an employee who is threatened, harassed, suspended for reporting sexual abuse. Like http://www.facebook.com/NOCAC Twitter: @New Orleans CAC For more information email [email protected] Louisiana Mandatory Reporting Laws 14:403 Prepared by: Stacie Schrieffer LeBlanc America’s Child Death Shame From bbc.co.uk The British Press recently unveiled “America’s Child Death Shame,” emphasizing that “violence against children” in the United States is much more acute than any other industrialized nation in the world. Unicef reports that 66 children under the age of 15 die from physical abuse or neglect every week in the industrialized world—half of those children in the U.S. From bbc.co.uk M ore than 20,000 American children are believed to have been killed in their own home by family members over the past 10 years—nearly four times the number of American soldiers killed in Iraq and Afghanistan. From bbc.co.uk Louisiana’s Child Death Shame 2008 Louisiana has one of the highest frequencies of child deaths related to abuse and neglect in the United States. 246 child deaths resulting from abuse and neglect occurred in Louisiana between 2001 and 2008. In Louisiana, 30 deaths or 2.71 deaths per 100,000 children occurred in 2008 alone. From bbc.co.uk Mandatory Reporting Laws for Child Abuse in Louisiana Who is mandated to report suspected child abuse at all times ? Ch.C. Art. 603(15) Effective May 25, 2012, LA Legislature Act No. 268 removed that this duty only applies while performing professional duties All 2012 changes in the law are bolded. Health Practitioners Ch.C. Art. 603(15)(a) Defined as any individual who provides health care services, including a physician, surgeon, physical therapist, dentist, resident, intern, hospital staff member, podiatrist, chiropractor, licensed nurse, nursing aide, dental hygienist, any emergency medical technician, a paramedic, optometrist, medical examiner, or coroner, who examines a child or his family. Mental Health/Social Service Defined as any individual who provides mental health care or social service diagnosis, assessment, counseling, or treatment, including a psychiatrist, psychologist, marriage or family Practitioners Ch.C. Art. 603(15)(b) counselor, social worker, member of the clergy, aide, or other individual who provides counseling services to a child or his family. Member of the Clergy Members of the clergy are not required to report a confidential communication. Ch.C. Art. 603(15)(c) Teaching or Child Care Providers Ch.C. Art. 603(15)(d) Law Enforcement Defined as any person who provides or assists in teaching, training and supervision of a child, including any public or private teacher, teacher's aide, instructional aide, school principal, school staff member, bus driver, coach, professor, technical or vocational instructor/school staff member, college or university administrator/staff member, social worker, probation officer, foster home parent, group home or other child care institutional staff member, personnel of residential home facilities, a licensed or unlicensed day care provider, or any individual who provides such services to a child in a voluntary or professional capacity. Any police officers or law enforcement officials . Ch.C. Art. 603(15)(e) Ch.C. Art. 603(15)(f) Any person who develops exposed photographic film into negatives, slides, or prints, or who makes prints from negatives or slides for compensation. Mediators Any assigned juvenile court case mediators. Film Processors Ch.C. Art. 603(15)(g) CASA Ch.C. Art. 603(15)(i) Organizational or Youth Activity Providers Ch.C. Art. 603(15)(j) All Adults who witness sexual abuse of a child R.S. 14:403(A)(4)(a) Any court-appointed special advocate (CASA) volunteer under the supervision of a CASA program. Defined as any person who provides organized activities for children, including administrators, employees, or volunteers of any day camp, summer camp, youth center, or youth recreation programs or any other organization that provides organized activities for children. Any person 18 or older who witnesses child sexual abuse. Specifically includes but is not limited to the perpetration or attempted perpetration of R.S. 14:41, 42, 42.1, 43, 43.1, 43.2, 43.3, 46.2, 46.3, 78, 78.1, 80 (carnal knowledge), 81, 81.1, 81.2, 86, 89, or 89.1. Like http://www.facebook.com/NOCAC Twitter: @NewOrleansCAC CARE Center/Stacie LeBlanc What are the Criminal Consequences for Failing to Report IMMEDIATELY?R.S. 14:403 If Knowingly and willfully fail to report: Shall be guilty of a Shall be fined Shall be imprisoned not more than Child abuse or neglect R.S.14:403(A)(1)(a) Misdemeanor $500 Mandatory Reporters Sexual abuse or physical or neglect which not more than Felony results in bodily injury, neurological impairment, or death of the child R.S.14:403(A)(1)(b) All Adults Witnessed sexual abuse of a child R.S.14:403(A)(4)(a) 18 or older Felony not more than six months $3,000 with or without hard labor, for not more than three years not more than $10,000 with or without hard labor, for not more than five years Do employees have Whistleblower Protection for reporting sex abuse? YES R.S. 23:968 A. No employee shall be discharged, demoted, suspended, threatened, harassed or discriminated against in any manner in the terms of his employment because of a lawful act engaged in by the employee or on behalf of the employee in furtherance of any action taken to report the sexual abuse of a minor child by any fellow employee to law enforcement, whether such fellow employee is a co-worker, supervisor, or subordinate. B. (1) An employee of a public or private entity may bring action for relief against his or her employer for damages associated with and action taken by the employee in furtherance of the protection of a minor child. (2) A person aggrieved of a violation of Subsection A of this Section shall be entitled to treble damages plus court costs and reasonable attorney fees. Do Reporters have Immunity from Civil or Criminal Liability? YES Ch.C. Art. 611(A) No cause of action shall exist against any person who: In good faith makes a report Cooperates in any investigation arising as a result of such report Participates in authorized judicial proceedings. This immunity will not be extended to any person who makes a report known to be false. Can you be sued? Yes but if reported in good faith will be immune and all cost paid Ways to Minimize the Threat of Lawsuit Clayton, E.W., Potential Liability in Cases of Child Abuse and Neglect, Pediatric Annals 26:3, March 1997 Report immediately. Try to be empathetic and communicate with family, which may be difficult when a child has suffered a serious injury. Explain that they are going to be reported and explain your legal responsibilities as a mandatory reporter. Record what was said by the child who disclosed “verbatim.” Allow child protection and/or law enforcement to conduct their investigation, which they are obligated by law to do. Maintain confidentiality. IT IS BETTER TO REPORT ALL SUSPICIONS THAN TO NOT REPORT AT ALL. Like http://www.facebook.com/NOCAC Twitter: @NewOrleansCAC CARE Center/Stacie LeBlanc II. A. LOUISIANA SUBSTANTIVE LAWS SPECIFIC FOR DEALING WITH CHILD ABUSE LOUISIANA CRIMINAL LAWS PERTAINING TO SEXUAL ABUSE OF MINORS LA. R.S. § 14:42∞ Title Aggravated Rape Victim <13 § 14:43.1∞ Sexual Battery <15 § 14:43.2 Second Degree Sexual Battery § 14:43.3∞ Oral Sexual Battery Aggravated Crime Against Nature <15 § 14:80∞ Felony Carnal Knowledge 13-16 Sexual intercourse (anal, oral, or vaginal) with consent. § 14:80.1∞ 13-16 Sexual intercourse (anal, oral, or vaginal) with consent. 17 or older, 2-3 years older § 14:81∞ Misdemeanor Carnal Knowledge Indecent Behavior with Juveniles <17 2 years older § 14:81.1∞٨ Pornography <17 (1) Any lewd or lascivious act upon the person or in the presence of any child under the age of seventeen, where there is an age difference of greater than two years between the two persons; or (2) The transmission, delivery or utterance of any textual, visual, written, or oral communication depicting lewd or lascivious conduct, text, words, or images to any person reasonably believed to be under the age of seventeen and reasonably believed to be at least two years younger than the offender. It shall not be a defense that the person who actually receives the transmission is not under the age of seventeen. Photographing, videotaping, filming or possession of sexual performance or to produce, distribute, possess, or possess with the intent to distribute pornography involving juveniles. § 14:81.1.1 “Sexting” <17 <17 § 14:81.2∞ Molestation of a Juvenile or Person with a Physical or Mental Disability 13-16 (1) .. voluntarily use a computer or telecommunication device to transmit an indecent visual depiction of himself to another person. (2) …knowingly possess or transmit an indecent visual depiction that was transmitted by another under the age of seventeen years in violation of the provisions of Paragraph (1). (1) Any lewd or lascivious act upon the person or in the presence of any child under the age of seventeen, where there is an age difference of greater than two years between the two persons, with the intention of arousing or gratifying the sexual desires of either person, by the use of force, violence, duress, menace, psychological intimidation, threat of great bodily harm, or by the use of influence by virtue of a position of control or supervision over the juvenile. 17 or older, 2 years older 5-40 w/wo and/or fined $5,000-$10,000 (conditional on offender’s relationship to V) *°V<13, 25-99 § 14:81.3٨ Computer-aided Solicitation of a Minor 13-16 Contacts or communicates, through,text with the intent to persuade, induce, entice, or coerce the person to engage or participate in sexual conduct or a crime of violence. 17 or older, 3+ years older § 14:92∞ Contributing to the Delinquency of Juveniles <17 Intentional enticing, aiding, soliciting, or permitting to (7). Perform any sexually immoral act. 17 or older 5-10 wo and fined $10,000 V<13, 10-20 wo and fined $10,000 0-2 w/wo and/or fined $1,000 § 14:89.1٨ <18 Elements of Criminal Activity Anal, oral, or vaginal sexual intercourse (40 rape- Emission is not necessary, penetration however slight, is sufficient). Touching of the anus or genitals… using any instrumentality or any part of the body of the offender or victim. Touching of the anus or genitals… using any instrumentality or any part of the body of the offender or victim. Touching of the anus or genitals… of the body of the offender or victim… using the mouth or tongue of the offender or victim. (1) Any other involvement of a child in sexual activity constituting a crime under the laws of this state. (2) Any lewd fondling or touching of the person of either the child or the offender, done or submitted to with the intent to arouse or to satisfy the sexual desires of either the child, the offender, or both. Perpetrator at least 3 years older Intentionally inflicts serious bodily injury on victim at least 3 years older Biological, step, or adoptive relatives: child, grandchild of any degree, brother, sister, half- brother, halfsister, uncle, aunt, nephew, niece. 17 or older, 4+ years older Penalty Life wo V<13, life 0-10 w/wo *°V<13, 25-99 0-15 w/wo *°V<13, 25-99 0-10 w/wo *°V<13, 25-99 5-20 w/wo and/or fined $50,000 *°V<13, 25-99 0-10 w/wo and/or fined $5,000 0-6 months and/or fined $1,000 0-7 w/wo and/or fined $5,000 V<13 & P>17, 225 5-40 and fined $10,00-$75,000 °V<13 & P>17, 25-99 (conditional on distribution, possession, parent of victim who gave consent, or *production) 0-10 days and/or fined $100-$250 *on a victim under the age of thirteen years when the offender is seventeen years of age or older shall be punished by imprisonment at hard labor for not less than twenty-five years nor more than ninety-nine years. At least twenty-five years of the sentence imposed shall be served without benefit of parole, probation, or suspension of sentence. °Upon completion of the term of imprisonment ....., the offender shall be monitored by the Department of Public Safety and Corrections through the use of electronic monitoring equipment for the remainder of his natural life. Valid as of July 31, 2014 ∞ Lack of knowledge of the juvenile's age shall not be a defense. ٨Consent is not a defense. B. LA. R.S. LOUISIANA CRIMINAL LAWS PERTAINING TO PHYSICAL ABUSE OF MINORS A V Definition Statutory Defense Penalty (A)(1) …(S)pecific intent to kill or inflict great bodily harm and is engaged in the perpetration or attempted perpetration of aggravated rape, forcible rape, cruelty to juveniles, or second degree cruelty to juveniles. § 14:30. First Degree Murder <12 § 14:30.1. Second Degree Murder § 14:32. Negligent Homicide <10 Life/ Death (A)(5)…(S)pecific intent to kill or to inflict great bodily harm upon a victim who is under the age of twelve… (A)(1)…(S)pecific intent to kill or to inflict great bodily harm… (A)(2)…(O)ffender is engaged in the perpetration or attempted perpetration of aggravated rape, forcible rape,…cruelty to juveniles, second degree cruelty to juveniles…even though he has no intent to kill or to inflict great bodily harm. (A)(1)…(K)illing of a human being by criminal negligence *(gross deviation below the standard of care expected to be maintained by a reasonably careful man under like circumstances) (C)(2)(a)…(K)illed as a result of receiving a battery Life 0-5 Years 2-5 Years § 14:92.2.3 Second Degree Cruelty to Juveniles >1 7 <17 (A)(1)…(I)ntentional or criminally negligent mistreatment or neglect by anyone over the age of seventeen to any child under the age of seventeen which causes serious bodily injury or neurological impairment to that child. (A)(2)…"(S)erious bodily injury" means bodily injury involving protracted and obvious disfigurement or protracted loss or impairment of the function of a bodily member, organ, or mental faculty, or substantial risk of death. (B)...(T)reatment by a parent /tutor in accordance w/ the tenets of a wellrecognized religious method of healing, in lieu of medical treatment 0-40 Years § 14:93. Cruelty to Juveniles 17 + <17 (A)(1)…(I)ntentional or criminally negligent mistreatment or neglect by anyone seventeen years of age or older of any child under the age of seventeen whereby unjustifiable pain or suffering is caused to said child… (A)(2)…(I)ntentional or criminally negligent exposure by anyone seventeen years of age or older of any child under the age of seventeen to a clandestine laboratory operation…in a situation where it is foreseeable that the child may be physically harmed. (A)(3)…(I)ntentional or criminally negligent allowing of any child under the age of seventeen years by any person over the age of seventeen years to be present during the manufacturing, distribution, or purchasing or attempted manufacturing, distribution, or purchasing of a controlled dangerous substance in violation of the Uniform Controlled Dangerous Substances Law. (A)…(I)ntentional or criminally negligent exposure of a child under the age of ten years, by a person who has the care, custody, or control of the child, to a hazard or danger against which the child cannot reasonably be expected to protect himself, or the desertion or abandonment of such child, knowing or having reason to believe that the child could be exposed to such hazard or danger. (B)... (T)reatment by a parent or tutor in accordance w/ the tenets of a well-recognized religious method of healing, in lieu of medical treatment W/W/O 10 Years (C)…Trial judge shall have the authority to issue any necessary orders to protect the safety of the child during the pendency of the criminal action and beyond its conclusion § 14:93.2.1. Child Desertion <10 …(B)attery committed w/out the consent of the victim § 14:35. Simple battery § 14:35.3(I) Domestic Abuse Child Endangerme nt Law LA. CH. C. Art. 603.1 Child Neglect < or = 13 § 14:92.1. Encouragin g or Contributing to child delinquency, dependency or neglect <17 …When the state proves, in addition to the elements of the crime as set forth in Subsection A of this Section, that a minor child thirteen years of age or younger was present at the residence or any other scene at the time of the commission of the offense 1st Offense ~ 0-6 months 2nd Offense 30days -6 months 0-6 months Mandatory Minimum 1st Offense10days-6 months 2nd Offense 30 days-6 months 3rd Offense 2 years-5 years 4th Offense 4 years-30 years Refusal or unreasonable failure of a parent/caretaker to supply the child w/ necessary food, clothing, shelter, care, treatment, or counseling for any injury, illness, or condition of the child, as a result of which the child’s physical, mental, or emotional health and safety is substantially threatened or impaired. *Includes prenatal neglect. where any child shall be a delinquent, dependent, or neglected child, irrespective of whether any former proceedings or any act encourage, cause, or contribute to the dependency or delinquency (any act which tends to debase or injure the morals, health or welfare of a child) -2 years *Justification R.S. 18 (4) When the offender’s conduct is reasonable discipline of minors by their parents, tutors or teachers. Good through August 15th 2012 Like http://www.facebook.com/NOCAC Twitter: @NewOrleansCAC CARE Center/Stacie LeBlanc What is Child Abuse? Specific training for recognizing physical signs, symptoms and behavioral indicators of all types of child abuse is available through the CARE Center of Children’s Hospital New Orleans. Type of Abuse Neglect Ch.C. Art. 603(16) Sexual Abuse Ch.C. Art. 603(1)(c) Physical Abuse What is the Legal definition of Child Abuse? The refusal or unreasonable failure of a parent or caretaker to supply the child with necessary food, clothing, shelter, care, treatment, or counseling for any injury, illness, or condition of the child as a result of which the child’s physical, mental, or emotional health and safety is substantially threatened or impaired. The involvement of the child in any sexual act with a parent or any other person, or the aiding of toleration by the parent or caretaker of the child’s sexual involvement with any other person or of the child’s involvement in pornographic displays, or any other involvement of a child in sexual activity constituting a crime under the laws of this state. Ch.C. Art. 603(1)(a) The infliction, attempted infliction, or, as a result of inadequate supervision, the allowance of infliction or attempted infliction of physical or mental injury upon the child by a parent or any other person. Exploitation The exploitation or overwork of a child by a parent of any other person. Ch.C. Art. 603(1)(b) What is the best indicator that a child has been abused? The BEST indicator that a child has been abused is the child’s own spontaneous report. “The reaction of the person to whom a child discloses has a significant impact on the psychological adjustment to trauma.” Roesler, T. (2000). Adult’s reaction to child’s disclosure of abuse will influence degree of permanent damage. Brown University Child & Adolescent Behavior Letter, 16(8). How are you going to Respond to a child’s disclosure of abuse? Sample Plans To DO and SAY Palmer, S., Brown, R., Rae-Grant, N., & Loughlin, J. M. (1999). Responding to children’s disclosure of familial abuse: What survivors tell us. Child Welfare, 2(78). Do/Say Don’t/Say Repeat what the child said -use reflective listening. You said your____ did_____? Write down exactly what the child said “verbatim”. Ask questions. No Who, What, Where or Why? Leave the interview process in the hands of a trained professional forensic investigator. Praise the child for their bravery for telling now. Thank you for telling me. You are brave for telling. I’m very proud of you for telling me. Asking why the child waited to tell is shamming and blaming. Delayed disclosure is normal and expected. Why didn’t you tell someone sooner? Why did you wait to tell anyone? Answer the child’s questions honesty. Keep the child informed as you find out. I don’t know what is going to happen, but I am going to do everything I can to help and protect you. Make promises that you can’t keep. You won’t have to go home. That will never happen again. Your mom or dad is going to go to jail for that. Explain that you are going to tell only special people who help make family’s safe.Promise not to keep the information confidential. I’m not going to tell other teachers or students. Never say that you’ll keep what the child has told you a secret. Do NOT tell co-workers or others beyond the police, child protection and professional polices. You will never believe what___told me. Express empathy, care and no change in feelings. I’m sorry that this happened to you. I believe you. This does not change what I think about you. “What happened is not your fault.” Do not minimize or question the child’s truthfulness. That’s not that big of deal, I have heard much worse. Your dad could go to jail, are you telling the truth? Common Questions Q: Have I fulfilled my obligations as a mandatory reporter if I tell my suspicions to my supervisor (i.e. principal, manager, administrator) about my suspicions of child abuse or neglect? A: NO. It is your individual responsibility as a mandatory reporter to ENSURE that a child abuse report is made. Telling your supervisor or anyone else does not fulfill your legal obligation. You must ensure that the report was made. You may want to suggest that you and your supervisor call together, especially if you both have first hand information regarding the child. For purposes of accurate reporting, it may be beneficial for the administrator and reporting staff to jointly complete and sign the written report that must be submitted within 5 days of the verbal report. Q: Does my supervisor (i.e. principal, supervisor, administrator) have the authority to decide whether I report? A: No, although every organization has its own internal policies on reporting child abuse/neglect, the law states under no circumstances shall any person in charge of an institution control, restrain, or modify a child abuse/neglect report. Nor should any policies cause the report to be delayed. If you feel threatened for making a report of sexual abuse, you may be entitled to damages. Reports must be made out not up. Q: What if I think the case has already been reported by other professionals or the parents? A: Mandated Reporters should never assume that another professional or adult has already reported the situation to DCFS and/or Law Enforcement. Even if a report has already been made, your information is still valuable, as it could assist in the investigation. Abusing parents have lied about investigations involving others and motor vehicle accidents to divert attention from them. Q: If a mandatory reporter learns about the disclosure of child abuse from another child or adult, is that hearsay? Reportable? A: No, the first disclosure of child abuse is an exception to hearsay. Hearsay is only relevant for what is admissible in court not for reporting abuse. Yes, the disclosure needs to be reported and the proper authorities will be the one responsible to investigate the disclosure further. Q: What is I am not sure it happened? A:Reports are request for an investigation. The reporter should not confirm, verify or question the child’s disclosure. Multidisciplinary teams exist in every parish to jointly investigate in accordance with their CAC protocol. Only trained forensic interviewers can conduct admissible videotaped statements of child victims. Q: How do I handle problems with Law Enforcement or DCFS receiving the report? A: Call a higher ranking officer or supervisor, the Public Affairs department of any local law enforcement agency, your local Children’s Advocacy Center, or your local District Attorney’s Child Abuse Division. The same laws that make it a crime to not report also make it a crime for DCFS, law enforcement, state department employee or school employees to obstruct the procedures for receiving and investigating reports. Q: Will the child be put into foster care? A: Only 5% of children reported for child abuse or neglect are removed from their homes, and usually, it is not for a long period of time. For those who are not removed, their families are provided with services to insure the safety of their child. Q: Will people be able to find out who made the child abuse report? A: Your name CANNOT be released by Law Enforcement or DCFS; however, the family often assumes who it is that reported them. Q:Has anyone been arrested for not reporting immediately? A: Yes. A principle in Alexandria was arrested for waiting until the next day to report that 17 and 14 year old were observed by a teacher having sex behind the school. Q: What if I suspect that the abuse is happening again or continuing but was not accepted previoulsy? A: Re-report. By policy, DCFS investigates reports based on the severity of the reports they have received that specific day. If many of the reports on a given day consist of very harsh abuse, a report of less severe abuse might not have been investigated. If you have cause to believe that the same child is a victim of ongoing abuse, do not hesitate to make another report. Q: What is the statute of limitation for prosecuting delayed disclosures of child sexual abuse? A: Incidences of abuse that occurred years ago can be prosecuted until the victim is 48 years old and there is no limit if it involves an aggravated rape. Like http://www.facebook.com/NOCAC Twitter: @NewOrleansCAC CARE Center/Stacie LeBlanc Who to call? Where to send a written report? Ch.C Art. 610 If Abuser is Parent or Caregiver If Abuser is NOT a Parent or Caregiver, And Parent/Caregiver is Not believed to have any responsibility for abuse Call /Fax a report Send written Jurisdiction IMMEDIATELY report within to five days to DCFS Hotline Local DCFS Parish where (855) 452-5437 office child/ caretaker reside Law Enforcement 911 or non-emergency Local law enforcement agency Parish where offense occurred Definition of “Parent or Caretaker” A person who maintains an interpersonal dating or engagement relationship with the parent or caretaker, or a person living in the same residence with the parent or caretaker where married or not. Dual Reporting Ch.C. Art. 610(A) Dual reporting of child abuse to law enforcement and DCFS is permitted and encouraged, not required. How to Report Child Abuse? When should you Report? Ch.C. Art.610 Immediately! A principal was arrested for waiting until the next day. What should you Report? Ch.C. Art. 610(B) Ch.C. Art. 610(C) If you have a suspicion of child abuse, report the following information, if known: Name, address, age, sex and race or ethnicity of the child, nature, extent, and cause of the child’s condition, name and address of the child’s parent or guardian, names and ages of other household members, account of how the child came to your attention, number of times you have filed a report on the child or the child’s siblings, name of the person or persons believed to have caused the child’s condition, your own name and address, and any other information that might be relevant. What should happen Next? Ch.C. Art. 610(D) You should receive a letter stating whether or not the case was assigned to an Investigation. If investigated, you should be contacted within a week. Mandatory reporters always have a right to know if the report was accepted. If you Disagree with DCFS determination of whether a case is to be investigated, contact a supervisor in that office or a state office to report the case. How should you deal with a child’s disclosure of abuse? Ch.C Art. 612 When a child discloses abuse, a report must be made immediately. A report is a Request for an investigation, not an accusation. Always remember to have a plan for when a child discloses abuse. Use words the child will understand. Document and record what was said verbatim. Never say you will keep a secret. Don’t tell everyone. Explain that you care about the child. Praise the child’s bravery for telling you and do not question why the child did not Tell someone sooner. Try to answer the child’s questions honestly. Do not question Beyond the child’s disclosure. Leading questions may contaminate a child’s memory. Investigation should be left to professionals. If the parent or child indicates that law enforcement is already involved or has Already been notified of the alleged abuse, it DOES NOT preclude or negate your Responsibility to report. Like http://www.facebook.com/NOCAC Twitter: @NewOrleansCAC CARE Center/Sta cie LeBlanc
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