Bibliographic
Citations
Created 7/20/2005
J. Boltjes, GHS
Last revised 9/13/09
M. Bydalek, WKHS
E. Harrell, LHS
1
I.
Each of the following resource citations has three parts.
‰
The first part is the type of resource (for example, “Book, one
author”). The BOLD Comic Sans font in 14 pt identifies this part of
each citation.
‰
The second part is a template containing the components needed to cite the resource. The grey boxes
identify the template in each citation. This part is in 12 pt Times New Roman.
‰
The third part provides an actual example of a resource found in a Lexington County District One
Library Media Center. The red font in 12 pt Times New Roman, double-spaced lines and
hanging indent identify this part of each citation.
II.
To use the citation template, highlight the template for the resource you need to cite,
then copy and paste into your paper.
1st_Author's_LastName, 1st_Author's_FirstName, and 2nd_Author's_FirstName 2nd_Author's_LastName.
Title. City_of_Publication: Publisher, Date_of_Publication.
III.
Select one of the grey boxes and type the correct information. As soon as you click on
each grey box to select it, it is highlighted—do not delete the grey box—just start
typing. Notice in the sample below, “Warhol” has replaced the grey box that said
“1st_Author’s_LastName” in Step II above.
Warhol, 1st_Author's_FirstName, and 2nd_Author's_FirstName 2nd_Author's_LastName. Title.
City_of_Publication: Publisher, Date_of_Publication.
IV.
The punctuation, italics, and underlines will be inserted automatically as you type.
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Warhol, Tom, and Chris Reiter. Eagles. Tarrytown: Marshall Cavendish, 2004.
V.
Make sure that the lines of citations are double-spaced and that each citation has a
“hanging” indent.
VI.
Remember that a list of citations should be alphabetized by the first word in each
citation (with the exception of “A”, “An”, or “The”).
VII.
The format for these citations is based primarily on MLA Handbook for Writers of
Research Papers: Seventh Edition. Additional sources listed in section bibliography were
consulted and used for clarification. Please consult your teacher and these resources for
additional information.
If errors are noted in this Bibliographic Citation Guide, please contact Elizabeth Harrell <[email protected]> so
corrections may be made.
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Table of Contents
Source Type ................................................................Source Number
Book, Introduction or Preface ....................................................................................................................1
Book, no author or anonymous ..................................................................................................................2
Book, one author ........................................................................................................................................3
Book, two authors.......................................................................................................................................4
Book, three or more authors .......................................................................................................................5
Book, corporate or organization author......................................................................................................6
Book, one editor .........................................................................................................................................7
Book, two editors .......................................................................................................................................8
Book in a series, volumes numbered..........................................................................................................9
Book in a series, volumes unnumbered....................................................................................................10
Quotation, as quoted in a book.................................................................................................................11
Bible, The .................................................................................................................................................12
Work in Anthology or Story Collection, one author for entire collection,
no editor listed…… ......................................................................................................……………...13
Work in an Anthology or Story Collection, multiple authors represented,
editor listed ..........................................................................................................................................14
Article, previously published, reprinted in a collection ...........................................................................15
Article in one volume of a multi-volume work........................................................................................16
General encyclopedia article, in print, article author listed......................................................................17
General encyclopedia article, in print, article author not listed................................................................18
Encyclopedia article on the web, Wikipedia ............................................................................................19
Specialized encyclopedia article, author of article listed .........................................................................20
Specialized encyclopedia article, author of article not listed ...................................................................21
Reference book article, [sole] author of book listed ................................................................................22
Reference book article, no book author listed, book editor listed, no article author listed ......................23
Reference book article, no book author listed, book editor listed, article author listed ...........................24
Reference work, in its entirety .................................................................................................................25
Article from a multi-volume work not in alphabetical order, article author listed ..................................26
Article from a multi-volume work not in alphabetical order, article author not listed ............................27
Entry from a dictionary, directory, or other alphabetically arranged reference book ..............................28
Government publication, Congressional Record…..................................................................................29
Government publication, Federal .............................................................................................................30
Government publication, State .................................................................................................................31
Magazine article, weekly, in print, author listed ......................................................................................32
Magazine article, weekly, in print, no author listed .................................................................................33
Magazine article, monthly, in print, author listed ....................................................................................34
Magazine article, monthly, in print, no author listed ...............................................................................35
Newspaper article, daily, in print, author listed .......................................................................................36
Newspaper article, daily, in print, no author listed ..................................................................................37
Newspaper article on web, author listed ..................................................................................................38
Newspaper article on web, no author listed .............................................................................................39
Editorial, author listed ..............................................................................................................................40
Editorial, no author listed .........................................................................................................................41
Letter to the Editor ...................................................................................................................................42
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Table of Contents, page 2
Source Type ................................................................Source Number
Pamphlet...................................................................................................................................................43
Advertisement ..........................................................................................................................................44
Cartoons and comic strips, print...............................................................................................................45
Cartoon and comic strips, online..............................................................................................................46
Video or DVD recording..........................................................................................................................47
Film clip, online .......................................................................................................................................48
Sound recording on compact disc, audiocassette, other...........................................................................49
Specific song on a recording ....................................................................................................................50
Sound recording, online ...........................................................................................................................51
Television or radio broadcast ...................................................................................................................52
Work of Visual Art—original painting, lithograph, sculpture or similar work .......................................53
Work of Visual Art—reproduction of painting, lithograph, sculpture or similar work ...........................54
Work of Visual Art online........................................................................................................................55
Map or chart, in print................................................................................................................................56
Map or chart, online .................................................................................................................................57
Interview conducted by you .....................................................................................................................58
Interview conducted by someone other than you.....................................................................................59
Email ........................................................................................................................................................60
Posting to online listserv, discussion group, blog, or other......................................................................61
Web page, personal ..................................................................................................................................62
Web page, professional or organizational, author listed ..........................................................................63
Web page, professional or organizational, no author listed .....................................................................64
Online Database (other than those in DISCUS), provided by school ......................................................65
DISCUS – Academic OneFile..................................................................................................................66
DISCUS – AccessScience ........................................................................................................................67
DISCUS - Biography Resource Center ....................................................................................................68
DISCUS – Book Review Index................................................................................................................69
DISCUS – Books and Authors.................................................................................................................70
DISCUS – Britannica Online Public Library Edition ..............................................................................71
DISCUS – Britannica Online School Edition ..........................................................................................72
DISCUS - Business and Company Resource Center ...............................................................................73
DISCUS - Custom Newspapers ...............................................................................................................74
DISCUS - Educator’s Reference Complete .............................................................................................75
DISCUS – Enciclopedia Juvenil (Spanish) ..............................................................................................76
DISCUS - Expanded Academic ASAP ....................................................................................................77
DISCUS – Gale Virtual Reference Library..............................................................................................78
DISCUS - General BusinessFile ASAP ...................................................................................................79
DISCUS - General OneFile......................................................................................................................80
DISCUS - General Reference Center.......................................................................................................81
DISCUS - Health and Wellness Resource Center....................................................................................82
DISCUS - Health Reference Center Academic........................................................................................83
DISCUS – History Resource Center: U.S. ...............................................................................................84
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DISCUS – History Resource Center: World............................................................................................85
DISCUS – Junior Edition .........................................................................................................................86
DISCUS – Kids InfoBits ..........................................................................................................................87
DISCUS - LegalTrac ................................................................................................................................88
DISCUS - Literature Resources from Gale..............................................................................................89
DISCUS – Nursing Resource Center .......................................................................................................90
DISCUS – Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center .................................................................................91
DISCUS – Power Search..........................................................................................................................92
DISCUS – Science Resource Center........................................................................................................93
DISCUS - SIRS Discoverer .....................................................................................................................94
DISCUS - SIRS Knowledge Source ........................................................................................................95
DISCUS – Small Business Resource Center............................................................................................96
DISCUS – Student Edition.......................................................................................................................97
DISCUS – World Data Analyst................................................................................................................98
6
Note – According to MLA Handbook, 7th edition, item 5.5.2, “In general, omit titles, affiliations, and
degrees that precede or follow names.” (i.e.: PhD, Sir, etc.)
1. Book, Introduction, Preface, Foreword, or Afterword
Author's_LastName, Author's_FirstName. Name_of_Selection. Title. By Author_of_Book.
City_of_Publication: Publisher, Date_of_Publication. Pages. Print.
Cox, Lynne. Prologue. Swimming to Antarctica: Tales of a Long-Distance Swimmer. By Cox. Orlando:
Harcourt, Inc., 2004. i-iv. Print.
2. Book, no author or anonymous
Title. City_of_Publication: Publisher, Date_of_Publication. Print.
Go Ask Alice. New York: Avon, 1972. Print.
3. Book, one author
Author's_LastName, Author's_FirstName. Title. City_of_Publication: Publisher, Date_of_Publication. Print.
Castner, James L. Layers of Life. New York: Benchmark Books, 2002. Print.
4. Book, two authors
1st_Author's_LastName, 1st_Author's_FirstName, and 2nd_Author's_FirstName 2nd_Author's_LastName.
Title. City_of_Publication: Publisher, Date_of_Publication.
Print.
Warhol, Tom, and Chris Reiter. Eagles. Tarrytown: Cavendish, 2004. Print.
7
5. Book, three or more authors
1st_Author's_LastName, 1st_Author's_FirstName, et al. Title. City_of_Publication: Publisher,
Date_of_Publication. Print.
Canfield, Jack, et al. Chicken Soup for the Teenage Soul: 101 Stories of Life, Love and Learning. Deerfield
Beach: Health Communications, Inc., 1997. Print.
6. Book, corporate or organization author
Corporation's Name. Title. City_of_Publication: Publisher, Date_of_Publication. Print.
Association for Library Service to Children. Newbery and Caldecott Awards: A Guide to the Medal and Honor
Books. Chicago: American Library Association, 2002. Print.
7. Book, one editor
Editor’s_LastName, Editor’s_FirstName, ed. Title. City_of_Publication: Publisher, Date_of_Publication. Print.
Goulart, Ron, ed. The Encyclopedia of American Comics. New York: Facts on File, 1990. Print.
8. Book, two editors
Editor’s_LastName, Editor’s_FirstName, and Second_Editor_FirstName Second_Editor_LastName, eds. Title
of Book. Edition,_ if_any ed. City_of_Publication: Publisher, Date_of_Publication. Print.
Hanes, Sharon, and Richard C. Hanes, eds. Great Depression and New Deal: Primary Sources. Detroit: UXL,
2003. Print.
9. Book in a series, volumes numbered
Author’s_LastName, Author’s_FirstName. Title of Book. City_of_Publication: Publisher, Date_of_Publication.
Print. Series Title Series_Number.
Rinaldi, Ann. The Blue Door. New York: Scholastic, 1996. Print. The Quilt Trilogy 3.
8
10. Book in a series, volumes unnumbered
Author’s_LastName, Author’s_FirstName. Title of Book.. City_of_Publication: Publisher,
Date_of_Publication. Print. Title of Series.
Stefoff, Rebecca. The Opening of the West. New York: Marshall Cavendish, 2003. Print.
American Voices From.
11. Quotation, as quoted in a book
Last name, First name of person being quoted. As quoted in Author(s)_of_Book. Title of Book.
City_of_Publication: Publisher, Date_of_Publication. Print
Galo, George. As quoted in Tom Brokaw. An Album of Memories. New York: Random House,
2001. Print.
12. The Bible
Title. City_of_Publication: Publisher, Date_of_Publication. Print.
The Holy Bible: New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1989. Print.
13. Work in Anthology or Story Collection, one author for entire
collection, no editor listed
Author’s_LastName, Author’s_FirstName. “Title of Story.” Title of Book. City_of_Publication:
Publisher, Date_of_Publication. Pages. Print.
Crutcher, Chris. “In the Time I Get.” Athletic Shorts. New York: Greenwillow, 1991. 125-140.
Print.
9
14. Work in an Anthology or Story Collection, multiple authors
represented, editor listed
Last Name of Author of work, First Name of Author of Work. “Title of Work. ”Title of Book.
Ed. Editor’s_FirstName Editor’s_LastName. City_of_Publication: Publisher,
Date_of_Publication. Pages. Print.
Poe, Edgar Allen. “Annabel Lee.” Poetry for Young People: Edgar Allen Poe. Ed. Brod Bagert.
New York: Sterling Publishing Co., 1995. 132-141. Print.
15. Article, previously published, reprinted in a collection
Last Name of Author, First Name of Author. “Title of Article.” Title of Journal: Volume # of
Journal (Date of Journal): Pages. Print. Rpt. in Title of Book. Ed. Editor’s_FirstName
Editor’s_LastName. Vol. Volume #. City_of_Publication: Publisher,
Date_of_Publication. Pages.
Hansen, Chadwick. “The Character of Jim and the Ending of ‘Huckleberry Finn’.” The
Massachusetts Review: Vol. V, No. 1. (Autumn, 1963): 45-66. Print. Rpt. in TwentiethCentury Literary Criticism. Ed. Dennis Poupard. Vol. 19. Detroit: Gale Research, 1986.
213-214.
16. Article in one volume of a multi-volume work
Article_Author's_LastName, Article_Author's_FirstName. “Title of Article.” Title of Reference
Book. Vol #. Ed. Editor’s_FirstName Editor’s_LastName. Edition_Number ed.
City_of_Publication: Publisher, Date_of_Publication. Print.
Adler, Richard. “Jonas Salk.” Biographical Encyclopedia of Scientists. Ed. Richard Olson.
Vol. 1. Tarrytown: Marshall Cavendish. 1998. Print.
10
17. General encyclopedia article, in print, article author listed
Author’s_LastName, Author’s_FirstName. “Title of Article.” Encyclopedia Title. Edition #.
Copyright Year. Print.
Costello, Bonnie. “Frost, Robert Lee.” The World Book Encyclopedia. 2000. Print.
18. General encyclopedia article, in print, article author not listed
“Title of Article.” Encyclopedia Title. Edition_Number. Copyright_Year. Print.
“South Carolina.” Compton’s Encyclopedia. 2004. Print.
19. General encyclopedia article on the web, Wikipedia
“Article Title.” Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. Date of publication_or_revision. Web.
Date_of_Access. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_title_at end_of_URL>.
“Emily Dickinson.” Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. 30 June 2005. Web. 5 July 2005.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Dickinson>.
20. Specialized encyclopedia article, author of article listed
Article Author’s_LastName, Article Author’s_FirstName. “Title of Article.” Title of Reference
Book. Ed. Editor’s_FirstName Editor’s_LastName. Edition_Number. Vol. Vol_#.
City_of_Publication: Publisher, Date_of_Publication. Print.
Bowers, Peter G. “Vapor Pressure.” Macmillan Encyclopedia of Chemistry. Ed. Joseph J.
Lagowski. Vol. 4. New York: Simon, 1997. Print.
11
21. Specialized encyclopedia article, no author listed
“Title of Article.” Title of Reference Book. Ed. Editor’s_FirstName Editor’s_LastName.
Edition_Number. Vol. Vol_#. City_of_Publication: Publisher, Date_of_Publication.
Print.
“Aquaculture.” Encyclopedia of the Aquatic World. Ed. Marian Armstrong. Edition #. Vol. 11.
New York: Marshall Cavendish, 2004. Print.
22. Reference book article, [sole] author of book listed
Author’s_LastName, Author’s_FirstName. “Title of Article.” Title of Reference Book.
City_of_Publication: Publisher, Date_of_Publication. Print.
Perkins, Dorothy. “Shanghai.” Encyclopedia of China: The Essential Reference to China, Its
History and Culture. New York: Facts on File, 2000. Print.
23. Reference book article, no book author listed, book editor
listed, no article author listed
“Title of Article.” Title of Reference Book. Ed. Editor’s_FirstName Editor’s_LastName.
Edition_Number. Vol. Vol_#. City_of_Publication: Publisher, Date_of_Publication.
Print.
“Deportations.” Learning About the Holocaust: A Student’s Guide. Ed. Ronald M. Smelser.
Vol. 3. Farmington Hills: Gale, 2001. Print.
12
24. Reference book article, no book author listed, book editor
listed, article author listed
Article_Author's_LastName, Article_Author's_FirstName. “Title of Article.” Title of Reference
Book. Ed. Editor’s_FirstName Editor’s_LastName. Edition _Number. Vol. Vol_#.
City_of_Publication: Publisher, Date_of_Publication. Print.
Whitcombe, Todd W. “Einstein, Albert.” Chemistry: Foundations and Applications. Ed. J.J.
Lagowski. First Edition. Vol. 4. New York: Macmillan, 2004. Print.
25. Reference work, in its entirety
Editor's_LastName, Editor's_FirstName, ed. Title. City_of_Publication: Publisher,
Date_of_Publication. Print.
Matuz, Roger, ed. Contemporary Southern Writers. Detroit: St. James, 1999. Print.
26. Article from a multi-volume work not in alphabetical order,
article author listed
Author’s_LastName, Author’s_FirstName. “Article Title.” Title. Vol. Vol_#.
City_of_Publication: Publisher, Date_of_Publication. Print.
Morris, Pat. “Tiger.” World of Animals. Vol. 2. Danbury: Grolier, 2003. Print.
27. Article from a multi-volume work not in alphabetical order,
article author not listed
Editor’s_LastName, Editor’s_FirstName,ed. Title. Edition _Number. Number_of_volumes vols.
City_of_Publication: Publisher, Date_of_Publication. Print.
Toon, Ann and Stephen B., eds. “Tiger.” Grzimek’s Animal Encyclopedia. Vol. 14. Detroit: The
Gale Group, Inc., 2003. Print.
13
28. Entry from a dictionary, directory, or other alphabeticallyarranged reference book
“Name of Entry.” Title Edition #. Year_of_Publication. Print
“Citation.” Merriam Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary. 10th Edition. 1995. Print.
29. Government Publication, Congressional Record
Cong. Rec. Day Month Year: Page Number(s). Print
Cong. Rec. 3 January 1980: 15. Print
30. Government Publication, Federal
Name of Government. Name of Agency. Title of Publication. Place_of_Publication: Publisher,
Date. Print
United States. U.S. Department of Labor. Occupational Outlook Handbook. Bureau of Labor
Statistics. Bulletin 2540. Indianapolis: JIST Publishing, 2003. Print
*Note: Types of congressional publications include bills, resolutions (Res.), reports (Rept.) and
documents (Doc.). See 5.5.20 of the MLA Handbook 2009 for additional information.
31. Government Publication, State
Name of State. Name of Agency. Title of Publication. Place_of_Publication: Publisher, Date.
Print.
South Carolina. 115th General Assembly of SC. 2008 South Carolina Legislative Manual.
Columbia: General Assembly of SC, 2008. Print
14
32. Magazine article, weekly, in print, author listed
Author’s_LastName, Author’s_FirstName. “Title of Article.” Title of Magazine Day Month
Year: Pages. Print.
Isaacson, Walter. “How to Raise the Standard in America’s Schools.” Time 27 Apr. 2009: 32-37.
Print.
NOTE: The preferred format for dates is DATE MONTH YEAR. All months should be
abbreviated except May, June, and July in the Works Cited List.
33. Magazine article, weekly, in print, no author listed
“Title of Article.” Title of Magazine Day Month Year: Pages. Print.
“Oprah Honors Her Heroes at Three-Day Bash in Santa Barbara, CA.” Jet 6 June 2005: 25-28.
Print.
34. Magazine article, monthly, in print, author listed
Author’s_LastName, Author’s_FirstName. “Title of Article.” Title of Magazine Month Year:
Pages. Print.
Scheer, Roddy. “Ocean Rescue: Can We Head Off a Marine Cataclysm?” E: The Environmental
Magazine July–Aug. 2005: 37-40. Print.
35. Magazine article, monthly, in print, no author listed
“Title of Article.” Title of Magazine Month Year: Pages. Print.
“Which Alternative Treatments Work?” Consumer Reports Aug. 2005: 10-11. Print.
15
36. Newspaper article, daily, in print, author listed
Author’s_LastName, Author’s_FirstName. “Title of Article.” Name of Newspaper
[City_of_Publication] Day Month Year, Edition: Pages. Print.
Halliburton, Suzanne. “Team’s Time-Trial Win Puts Armstrong on Top of Standings.” State
[Columbia, SC] 3 July 2005, Final Edition: C1+. Print.
If the newspaper is not well known or is a local paper, the name of the city and state are
included in brackets [ ] after the title of the newspaper.
37. Newspaper article, daily, in print, no author listed
“Title of Article.” Name of Newspaper [City_of_Publication] Day Month Year, Edition: Pages.
Print.
“Foreigners Cross U.S. Borders with Ease.” State [Columbia, SC] 5 July 2005, Capital Final:
A1+. Print.
City and state of publication—see example 35.
38. Newspaper article on web, author listed
Author’s_LastName, Author’s_FirstName. “Title of Article.” Name of Newspaper,
Date_of_Newspaper. Web. Date_of_Visit_to_Site <URL_of_Site>.
Weiss, Jeffrey. “Scientology: What It Is and Isn’t.” State [Columbia, SC] 03 July 2005. Web.
05 July 2005 <http://www.thestate.com/mld/thestate/news/nation/12045227.htm>.
If the newspaper is not well known or is a local paper, the name of the city and state are
include in brackets [ ] after the title of the newspaper.
16
39. Newspaper article on web, no author listed
“Title of Article.” Name of Newspaper [City_of_Publication] City. Date_of_Newspaper. Web.
Date_of_Visit_to_Site <URL_of_Site>.
“Tropical storm heads toward Louisiana.” State [Columbia, SC] 05 July 2005. Web. 05 July
2005 <http://www.thestate.com/mld/thestate/12053281.htm>.
If the newspaper is not well known or is a local paper, the name of the city and state are
include in brackets [ ] after the title of the newspaper.
40. Editorial, author listed
Author’s_LastName, Author’s_FirstName. “Title of Article.” Editorial. Name of Newspaper
[City_of_Publication] Day Month Year: Pages. Print.
Bolton, Warren. “New Foundation Chief Impressed with Organization, Community.” Editorial.
State [Columbia, SC] 5 July 2005: A8. Print.
City of publication—see example 35
41. Editorial, no author listed
“Title of Article.” Editorial. Name of Newspaper [City_of_Publication] Day Month Year,
Edition: Pages.
“It Shouldn’t Take Lawyers to Get State to Meet Basic Needs.” Editorial. State [Columbia, SC]
5 July 2005: A8.Print.
City and state of Publication—see example 35.
17
42. Letter to the Editor
Author’s_LastName, Author’s_FirstName. Letter. Name of Newspaper [City_of_Publication]
Day Month Year, Edition: Pages. Print.
Matthews, Jim. Letter. State [Columbia, SC] 5 July 2005, Final Edition: A8. Print.
City and state of Publication—see example 35
43. Pamphlet
Name of Organization. Title of pamphlet. City_of_Publication: Publisher, Date_of_Publication.
Print.
American Library Association. Outstanding Books for the College Bound and Lifelong Learners.
Atlanta: Young Adult Library Services Association, ALA, 2004. Print.
If there is not a date of publication, use n.d. after the publisher.
44. Advertisement
Product. Advertisement. Publication Date_of_Publication: Page Numbers. Print.
Tropicana Orange Juice. Advertisement. Better Homes and Gardens July 2005: 15. Print.
45. Cartoons and comic strips, print
Artist's_LastName, Artist's_FirstName “Title of cartoon or comic strip.” . Format.
Name_of_Publication Date_of_Publication. Print.
Schulz, Charles. “Classic Peanuts.” Comic strip. State 17 July 2005. Print.
18
46. Cartoon and comic strips, online
Cartoonist's LastName, Cartoonist's FirstName. “Title of Cartoon.” Cartoon. Publication Title
Web. Date_of_Publication. Date_of_Access <URL>.
Matson, R. J. “Johnny Carson Show in Heaven.” Cartoon. New York Observer Web.
26 Jan 2005. 05 May 2005 <http://www.politicalcartoons.com>.
47. Video or DVD recording
Title of Film. Dir. Director's Name. Perf. Performers Names. Distributor, Date_of_Publication. .
Format.
Andrew Lloyd Webber’s The Phantom of the Opera. Dir. Joel Schumacher. Perf. Gerard Butler,
Emmy Rossum, Patrick Wilson, and Minnie Driver. Warner Brothers, 2004. DVD.
48. Film clip, online
Title of Film. By Author_FirstName Author_LastName. Publisher, Date_of_Publication. Web
site title. Web. Date_of_Access <URL>.
Elements of Chemistry: Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter. United Learning, 2003. United
Streaming. Web.22 Nov 2004 <http://www5.unitedstreaming.com/index.cfm>.
NOTE: Author information not available so was omitted in citation.
49. Sound recording on compact disc, audiocassette, other
Artist LastName, Artist FirstName. Title of recording. Perf. Performer_FirstName
Performer_LastName. Publisher, Date_of_Publication. Format.
Farmer, Nancy. House of The Scorpion. Perf. Robert Ramirez. Recorded Books, 2003. CD.
19
50. Specific song on a recording
Artist LastName, Artist FirstName. “Title of song.” Perf. Name_of_Performer(s). Title of
recording. Perf. Performer_FirstName Performer_LastName. Format. Publisher,
Date_of_Publication.
Holst, Gustav. “Mars, the Bringer of War.” Perf. New York Philharmonic. The Planets. Cond.
Leornard Bernstein. CBS Records, 1985. CD.
NOTE: Citation information depends on the desired emphasis. Composer, performer, conductor, etc.
may be necessary.
51. Sound recording online
Artist_LastName, Artist_FirstName. “Title of Recording.” Title of Work. Broadcast_Source.
Date_of_Broadcast. Web. Date_of_Access <URL>.
Nafisi, Azar. “Mysterious Connections that Link Us Together.” This I Believe. NPR. Web.
18 July 2005. 19 July 2005.
<http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4753976>.
52. Television or radio broadcast
“Title of episode.” By Author’s_FirstName Author’s_LastName. Perf. Performer_FirstName
Performer_LastName. Title of Program. Title of Series. Name_of_network.
Call_letters_of_local_station, City_of_local_station. Broadcast_date. Format.
“Publish and Perish.” By Tom Szentgyorgi. Perf. Dennis Farina, Michael Imperioli, S. Epatha
Merkerson, Sam Waterson, Bryan Hyman, Kaleo Griffith, and Guy Boyd. Law and
Order. NBC. WIS, Columbia. 20 Apr 2005. Television.
20
53. Work of visual art—original painting, photograph, sculpture or
similar work
Artist's_LastName, Artist's_FirstName. Title. Date of composition. Medium of composition.
Institution housing the work, City_of_Institution.
Cezanne, Paul. Self-Portrait in a Straw Hat. 1875-76. Oil on canvas. Museum of Modern Art, New
York.
Note: For a work in a private collection, give the name of the collection (Collection of…), then
the name of city where collection is located. If collector is unknown or wishes to be
anonymous, use Private collection without a city name.
54. Work of visual art—reproduction of painting, photograph,
sculpture or similar work
Artist's_LastName, Artist's_FirstName. Title. Date of composition. Institution housing the work,
City_of_Institution. Title of source in which art appears. By Author of source material.
City_of_Publication: Publisher, Date_of_Publication.
Toulouse-Lautrec, Henri de. At the Circus: Trained Pony and Baboon. Date of composition. Art
Institute of Chicago, Chicago. Toulouse-Lautrec: The Moulin Rouge and the City of
Light. By Robert Burleigh. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 2005.
55. Work of visual art online
Artist_LastName, Artist_FirstName. Title of image. Date of creation.
Physical_location_of_Image, City_of_Location. Web_Page_Title. Web. Date_of_Access
<URL>.
Vermeer, Jan. Girl with Pearl Earring. 1665. Mauritshuis, The Hague. Jan Vermeer 1632-1675.
Web. 3 Apr 2004. <http://www.mystudios.com/art/bar/vermeer/vermeer-girl-withearring.html>.
21
56. Map or chart, in print
Title of Map or chart. Description [Map or Chart]. City_of_Publication: Publisher,
Date_of_Publication. Print.
Visitor Transit Map. Map. Chicago: Regional Transportation Authority, 2004. Print.
57. Map or chart, online
“Title of graphic.” Graphic Type. Copyright Holder. Name of site providing graphic. Publisher.
Web. Date_of_Access <URL>.
“People with Problem Drinkers in the Family.” Chart. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.
PBS. National Health Center for Health Statistics. Web. 09 Feb 2005
<http://www.pbs.org/wnet/closetohome/policy/html/alcohol.html>.
58. Interview conducted by you
Name of person interviewed. Type of interview. Date_of_Publication.
Bagert, Brod. Telephone interview. 22 Nov 2004.
*NOTE: The type of interview should be designated, i.e., Personal interview, Telephone
interview, E-mail interview. In this instance, the date of publication is the date the interview
took place.
59. Interview conducted by someone other than you
Name of person interviewed. Interview by Interviewer's name. Source of Interview. Publication
source. Publication City. Date_of_Publication. Format.
Rowling, J.K. Interview by Katie Couric. Dateline NBC. WIS. Columbia. 17 July 2005.
Television.
NOTE: The format of the interview could be DVD, print, radio, television, web, email, etc.
22
60. Email
Writer's_LastName, Writer's_FirstName. “Title of Message.” Email to Recipient's Name.
Date_of _Email. E-mail.
Boltjes, Janet. “Re: district research guide.” Email to Elizabeth Harrell. 31 May 2005. Email.
61. Posting to online listserv, discussion group, blog, other
Writer's_LastName, Writer's_FirstName. “Title of Message.” Name of Institution or
Organization. Date_of_Posting. Name of Forum. Web. Date_of_Access <URL>.
Russell, Carrie. “Re: Copyright and Fair Use.” Online Posting. 4 May 2005. LM_NET. Web.
12 June 2005 <http://www.eduref.org/plwebcgi/fastweb?getdoc+listservs+LM_NET+443344+0+wAAA+copyright>.
62. Web page, personal
Author’s_LastName, Author’s_FirstName. “Title of Page.” Date_Published_or_Last_Revised.
Web. Date_of_Visit_to_Site <URL_of_Site>.
Valenza, Joyce. “The Neverending Search”. 05 Sept 2004. Web. 05 July 2005. Web.
<http://www.joycevalenza.com/>.
23
63. Web page, professional or organizational, author listed
Author’s_LastName, Author’s_FirstName. ”Title or Description of Page.” Name of Institution or
Organization. Date_of_publication_or _revision. Web. Date_of_Visit_to_Site
<URL_of_Site>.
Kooser, Ted. “American Life in Poetry: Column 014.” The Poetry Foundation. 2005. Web
05 July 2005. < http://www.americanlifeinpoetry.org/columns/014.html >.
64. Web page, professional or organizational, no author listed
“Title or Description of Page.” Name of Institution or Organization.
Date_of_publication_or_revision. Web. Date_of_Visit_to_Site <URL_of_Site>.
“Supreme Court Clarifies Sony Decision, Fair Use Preserved.” American Library Association. 27
June 2005. Web. 05 July 2005
<http://www.ala.org/ala/pressreleases2005/june2004abc/groksterdec.htm>.
65. Online Database – provided by school
“Article Title.” Original Publication Name.Publisher_of_Original_Publication,
Original_Date_of_Publication. Name of Electronic Resource. Electronic Resource
Vendor. Web. Date_of_Access. <URL_provided_by_school>.
"Gamma Ray." UXL Encyclopedia of Science. 2nd ed. UXL, 2002. Student Resource Center.
Thomson Gale. Web. 20 July 2005. <http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SRC>.
Note: See school library media specialist for password information and URL for online
database.
24
66. DISCUS - Academic OneFile
Author’s_LastName, Author’s_FirstName. “Article Title.” Original Publication Name
Original_Date_of_Publication: Pages. Academic OneFile. Gale. DISCUS.
Date_of_Access. <http://find.galegroup.com>.
Document Number
Gropp, Robert. “Nothing Average About Change.” Science Activities 2009: 59-60. Academic
OneFile. Gale. DISCUS. 9 Feb. 2009. <http://find.galegroup.com>. 1234567
67. DISCUS – AccessScience
Author’s_LastName, Author’s_FirstName. “Article Title.” Original Publication Name
Original_Date_of_Publication: Pages. AccessScience. McGraw-Hill. DISCUS.
Date_of_Access. <http://www.accessscience.com>.
Document Number
Pasachoff, Jay M. “Andromeda.” AccessScience@McGraw-Hill 2008. AccessScience. McGrawHill. DISCUS. 9 Feb 2009. < http://www.accessscience.com >. 1234567
Note: Page number/ range is not included because the information is not provided in the
database.
68. DISCUS - Biography Resource Center
Author’s_LastName, Author’s_FirstName. “Article Title.” Original Publication Name
Original_Date_of_Publication: Pages. Biography Resource Center. Gale. DISCUS..
Date_of_Access. <http://galenet.galegroup.com>.
Document Number
“Sandra Day O’Connor.” American Decades 1998. Biography Resource Center. Gale. DISCUS.
30 June 2005. <http://galenet.galegroup.com>. 1234567
*Note – Author and Page_Number/Range were omitted because information was not included.
25
69. DISCUS – Book Review Index Online Plus
Author’s_LastName, Author’s_FirstName. “Article Title.” Original Publication Name
Original_Date_of_Publication: Pages. Biography Resource Center. Gale. DISCUS.
Date_of_Access. <http://find.galegroup.com>.
Document Number
De lint, Charles. “Twilight.” The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction Apr 2008: 38-41.
Book Review Index Online Plus. Gale. DISCUS. 6 Aug 2009.
<http://find.galegroup.com>. A176592248
70. DISCUS – Books & Authors
Author’s_LastName, Author’s_FirstName. “Article Title.” Original Publication Name
Original_Date_of_Publication: Pages. Books & Authors. Gale. DISCUS.
Date_of_Access. <http://www.bna.galegroup.com>.
Document Number
“Verna Aardema.” Books & Authors 2001: Books & Authors. Gale. DISCUS. 8 Aug 2009.
<http://www.bna.galegroup.com>. 1234567
*Note: Author name and page numbers were omitted in the citation because the information
was not provided.
71. DISCUS – Britannica Online Public Library Edition
Author’s_LastName, Author’s_FirstName. “Article Title.” Original Publication Name
Original_Date_of_Publication: Pages. Encyclopaedia Britannica Online Library. Gale.
DISCUS. Date_of_Access. <http://www.library.eb.com>.
Document Number
“Industrial Ecology.” Encyclopaedia Britannica 2009: Encyclopaedia Britannica Online
Library. Gale. Discus. 6 Aug 2009. <http://www.library.eb.com>. 9472586.
*Note: Author name and page numbers were omitted in the citation because the information
was not provided.
26
72. DISCUS – Britannica Online School Edition
Author’s_LastName, Author’s_FirstName. “Article Title.” Original Publication Name
Original_Date_of_Publication: Pages. Encycloapedia Britannica Online Library. Gale.
DISCUS. Date_of_Access. <http://www.accessscience.com>.
Document Number
“Global Warming.” Encyclopedia Britannica 2009: Encyclopaedia Britannica Online Library.
Gale. DISCUS. 6 Aug 2009. <http://www.school.eb.com>. 9037044
*Note: Author name and page numbers were omitted in the citation because the information
was not provided.
73. DISCUS - Business and Company Resource Center
Author’s_LastName, Author’s_FirstName. “Article Title.” Original Publication Name.
Original_Date_of_Publication: Pages. Business and Company Resource Center. Gale.
DISCUS. Date_of_Access. <http:/find.galegroup.com>.
Document Number
Kang, Stephanie. “Barefoot(ish) in the Park: Nike Shoe Is Like Not Wearing One.” Wall Street
Journal Eastern Edition. 3 June 2005: B1+. Business and Company Resource Center.
Gale. DISCUS. 5 June 2005. <http://find.galegroup.com>. 1234567
74. DISCUS - Custom Newspapers
Author’s_LastName, Author’s_FirstName. “Article Title.” Original Publication Name
[City_of_Publication] Original_Date_of_Publication: Pages. Custom Newspapers. Gale.
DISCUS. Date_of_Access. <http://find.galegroup.com>.
Document Number
Watts, Judy. “Hugo Survivors Vow They Won't Stick Around for Hurricane.” Post and Courier
[Charleston, SC] 2 Sept. 2004: A8. Custom Newspapers. Gale. DISCUS. 5 June 2005.
<http://find.galegroup.com>. 1234567
*Note: If the newspaper is not well known or is a local paper, the name of the city and state
are included in brackets [ ] after the title of the newspaper.
27
75. DISCUS – Educator’s Reference Complete
Author’s_LastName, Author’s_FirstName. “Article Title.” Original Publication Name
Original_Date_of_Publication: Pages. Educator’s Reference Complete. Gale. DISCUS.
Date_of_Access. <http://find.galegroup.com>.
Document Number
Foote, Carolyn. “It’s a Mad Mad Wordle: for a New Take on Text, Try This Fun Word Cloud
Generator.” School Library Journal July 2009: 32-34. Educator’s Reference Complete.
Gale. DISCUS. 27 Aug 2009. <http://find.galegroup.com/>. A203954312
76. DISCUS – Enciclopedia Juvenil (Spanish)
Author’s_LastName, Author’s_FirstName. “Article Title.” Original Publication Name
Original_Date_of_Publication: Pages. . Gale. DISCUS. Date_of_Access.
<http://find.galegroup.com>.
Document Number
“Antilope.” Enciclopedia Juvenil. 2009. Gale. DISCUS. 25 Aug 2009.
<http://find.galegroup.com>.
*Note: Author’s name, page numbers and document number were not included because the
information was not provided.
77. DISCUS – Expanded Academic ASAP
Author’s_LastName, Author’s_FirstName. “Article Title.” Original Publication Name
Original_Date_of_Publication: Pages. Expanded Academic ASAP. Gale. DISCUS.
Date_of_Access. <http://find.galegroup.com>.
Document Number
Wisely, Steven R. “Meeting the Needs of Students Through the Library Media Center.”
Multimedia Schools Sept. 2003: 6+. Expanded Academic ASAP. Gale. DISCUS.
12 Nov 2004. <http://find.galegroup.com>. 12345678
28
78. DISCUS – Gale Virtual Reference Library
Author’s_LastName, Author’s_FirstName. “Article Title.” Original Publication Name
Original_Date_of_Publication: Pages. Expanded Academic ASAP. Gale. DISCUS.
Date_of_Access. <http://go.galegroup.com>.
Document Number
Hobson, Margaret Kriz. “Climate Competition Heats Up.” National Journal 7 Aug 2009.
Expanded Academic ASAP. Gale. DISCUS. 6 Aug 2009. <http://go.galegroup.com>.
*Note: Page numbers are omitted in the citation because the information was not provided.
79. DISCUS - General BusinessFile ASAP
Author’s_LastName, Author’s_FirstName. “Article Title.” Original Publication Name
Original_Date_of_Publication: Pages. General BusinessFile ASAP. Gale. DISCUS.
Date_of_Access. <http://find.galegroup.com>.
Document Number
Consoli, John. “Big Nascar Ratings Pressure Partners: Racing Body Officials Looking to
Maximize TV Rights Fees on Next Deal.” Mediaweek 27 June 2005: 4+. General
BusinessFile ASAP. Gale. DISCUS. 2 July 2005. <http://find.galegroup.com>. 1234567
80. DISCUS - General OneFile
Author’s_LastName, Author’s_FirstName. “Article Title.” Original Publication Name
Original_Date_of_Publication: Pages. General OneFile. Gale. DISCUS.
Date_of_Access. <http://find.galegroup.com>.
Document Number
“What, if Anything Should Be Done about Global Warming Is a Knotty Issue.” National Review
7 Sept 2009: 10. General OneFile. Gale. DISCUS. 25 Aug 2009.
<http://find.galegroup.com>. 12345467
29
81. DISCUS - General Reference Center
Author’s_LastName, Author’s_FirstName. “Article Title.” Original Publication Name
Original_Date_of_Publication: Pages. General Reference Center. Gale. DISCUS.
Date_of_Access. <http://find.galegroup.com>.
Document Number
Stacks, John F. “June 17, 1972: Not Just Any Burglary.” Time 31 Mar 2003: A54. General
Reference Center. Gale. DISCUS. 4 Aug 2004. <http://.galegroup.com>. 1234567
82. DISCUS - Health and Wellness Resource Center
Author’s_LastName, Author’s_FirstName. “Article Title.” Original Publication Name
Original_Date_of_Publication: Pages. Health and Wellness Resource Center. Gale.
DISCUS. Date_of_Access. <http://find.galegroup.com/>.
Document Number
Norrgard, Carolyn. “Caring for Someone with Alzheimer's Disease.” Clinical Reference Systems
1 Jan 2004: 569. Health and Wellness Resource Center. Gale. DISCUS. 18 Mar 2005.
<http://find.galegroup.com>. 1234567
83. DISCUS - Health Reference Center Academic
Author’s_LastName, Author’s_FirstName. “Article Title.” Original Publication Name
Original_Date_of_Publication: Pages. Health Reference Center Academic. Gale.
DISCUS. Date_of_Access. <http://find.galegroup.com>.
Document Number
Fraser, Stephen. “Smoke Screen: Sweet-Sounding Cigarettes Are 'Candy-Flavored Cancer'.”
Current Health Dec 2004: 15+. Health Reference Center Academic. Gale. DISCUS.
2 Feb 2005. <http://find.galegroup.com>. 1234567
30
84. DISCUS – History Resource Center: U.S.
*Note: A variety of formats are used in the sources for this database. Copy and paste the
‘source citation’ at the end of each article into your works cited page. Change the line
spacing to ‘double’ and the indentation to ‘hanging’. Add the document number to the end of
the citation.
85. DISCUS – History Resource Center: World
*Note: A variety of formats are used in the sources for this database. Copy and paste the
‘source citation’ at the end of each article into your works cited page. Change the line
spacing to ‘double’ and the indentation to ‘hanging’. Add the document number to the end of
the citation.
86. DISCUS – Junior Edition
Author’s_LastName, Author’s_FirstName. “Article Title.” Original Publication Name
Original_Date_of_Publication: Pages. Junior Edition. Gale. DISCUS. Date_of_Access.
<http://infotrac.galegroup.com>.
Document Number
“New Year, New Waistline.” World Almanac and Book of Facts. 2009: 74. Junior Edition.
Gale. DISCUS. 8 Aug 2009. <http://infotrac.galegroup.com>. 1234567
*Note: Author’s name and the document are not included in the citation because the
information was not provided.
87. DISCUS – Kids InfoBits
Author’s_LastName, Author’s_FirstName. “Article Title.” Original Publication Name
Original_Date_of_Publication: Pages. Kids InfoBits. Gale. DISCUS. Date_of_Access.
<http://galenet.galegroup.com>.
Document Number
“Killer Whale.” The Columbia Encyclopedia 2000. Kid InfoBits. Gale. DISCUS. 9 Aug 2009.
<http://galenet.galegroup.com>. BX3201111212
*Note: Author’s name and the document are not included in the citation because the
information was not provided.
31
88. DISCUS - LegalTrac
Author’s_LastName, Author’s_FirstName. “Article Title.” Original Publication Name
Original_Date_of_Publication: Pages. LegalTrac. Gale. DISCUS. Date_of_Access.
<http://find.galegroup.com/>.
Document Number
LaMay, Craig L. “America's Censor: Anthony Comstock and Free Speech.” Communications
and the Law Sep 1997: 1-59. LegalTrac. Gale. DISCUS. 14 Feb 2004.
<http:/find.galegroup.com>.1234567
89. DISCUS – Literature Resources from Gale
Author’s_LastName, Author’s_FirstName. “Article Title.” Original Publication Name
Original_Date_of_Publication: Pages . Literature Resources from Gale. Gale. DISCUS.
Date_of_Access. <http://go.galegroup.com>.
Document Number
Nesselson, Lisa. “Review of Vampires.” Variety 1983: 51-88. Literature Resources from Gale.
Gale. DISCUS. 11 Jan 2006. <http://go.galegroup.com>. 1234567
90. DISCUS – Nursing Resource Center
Author’s_LastName, Author’s_FirstName. “Article Title.” Original Publication Name
Original_Date_of_Publication: Pages . Nursing Resource Center. Gale. DISCUS. .
Date_of_Access. <http://find.galegroup.com/>.
Document Number
Haggerty, Maureen. “Hypothyroidism.” Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine 2006: Nursing
Resource Center. Gale. DISCUS. 9 Aug 2009. <http://find.galegroup.com/>.
DB2621270838
*Note: Page numbers were not available for this source.
32
91. DISCUS – Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center
Author’s_LastName, Author’s_FirstName. “Article Title.” Original Publication Name
Original_Date_of_Publication: Pages . Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Gale.
DISCUS. Date_of_Access. <http://find.galegroup.com/>.
Document Number
Furchtgott-Roth, Harold. “The United Nations Should Not Interfere with Internet.” At Issue:
United Nations 2008. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Gale. DISCUS. 9 Aug
2009. <http://find.galegroup.com/>. EJ3010477214
*Note: Page numbers were not available for this source.
92. DISCUS – PowerSearch
*Note: PowerSearch cross-searches the Gale databases in DISCUS. It does not need to be
cited. You will need to cite the particular database you use (found in the Source Citation at
the end of each article accessed).
93. DISCUS – Science Resource Center
Author’s_LastName, Author’s_FirstName. “Article Title.” Original Publication Name
Original_Date_of_Publication: Pages. Science Resource Center. Gale. DISCUS.
Date_of_Access. <http://galenet.galegroup.com/>.
Document Number
Fraser, Craig. “Astronomy and Cosmology: Twentieth Century.” History of Modern Science and
Mathematic 2008. Science Resource Center. Gale. DISCUS. 9 Aug 2009.
<http://galenet.galegroup.com/>. CV2640700010
*Note: Page numbers were not available for this source.
33
94. DISCUS - SIRS Discoverer
Author’s_LastName, Author’s_FirstName. “Article Title.” Original Publication Name
Original_Date_of_Publication: Pages. Sirs Discoverer. DISCUS. Date_of_Access.
<http://discoverer.prod.sirs.com>.
Document Number
Coleman, Joseph. “Kyoto Global Warming Pact Takes Effect.” Shawnee News-Star 16 Feb
2005: Sirs Discoverer. DISCUS. 4 Mar 2005. <http://discoverer.prod.sirs.com>. 1234567
*Note: Page numbers were not available for this source.
95. DISCUS - SIRS Knowledge Source
Author’s_LastName, Author’s_FirstName. “Article Title.” Original Publication Name
Original_Date_of_Publication: Pages. SIRS Knowledge Source. SIRS. DISCUS.
Date_of_Access. <http://sks.sirs.com>.
Document Number
Grossman, Cathy Lynn. “Pope's Health Raises Questions About Life Support.” USA Today 24
Feb 2005: Sirs Knowledge Source. DISCUS. 10 May 2005. <http://sks.sirs.com>.
1234567
*Note: Page numbers were not available for this source.
96. DISCUS – Small Business Resource Center
Author’s_LastName, Author’s_FirstName. “Article Title.” Original Publication Name
Original_Date_of_Publication: Pages. Small Business Resource Center. Gale. DISCUS.
Date_of_Access. <http://find.galegroup.com>.
Document Number
“Carpet Cleaning Service: Carpet Chem Corporation.” Business Plans Handbook 1997: 29-43.
Small Business Resource Center. Gale. DISCUS. 9 Aug 2009.
<http://find.galegroup.com>. L1550400003
34
97. DISCUS – Student Edition
Author’s_LastName, Author’s_FirstName. “Article Title.” Original Publication Name
Original_Date_of_Publication: Pages. Student Edition. Gale. DISCUS. Date_of_Access.
<http://find.galegroup.com>.
Document Number
“Scientists Open Doors to Diagnosis of Emphysema.” Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week 5 Sept
2009: 136. Student Edition. Gale. DISCUS. 25 Aug 2009. <http://find.galegroup.com>.
A206729215
98. DISCUS – World Data Analyst
Author’s_LastName, Author’s_FirstName. “Article Title.” Original Publication Name
Original_Date_of_Publication: Pages. World Data Analyst. Encyclopaedia Britannica
DISCUS. Date_of_Access. <www.world.eb.com>.
“Afghanistan.” Encyclopaedia Britannica 2009. World Data Analyst. Encyclopaedia Brittanica.
DISCUS. 25 Aug 2009. <www.world.eb.com>.
*Note: Author’s name was not available for this source.
*Note: There are no document numbers for the sources in this database.
35
Works Cited
(For creation of the Lexington 1 Bibliographic Citation Guide, 2009)
Gibaldi, Joseph, ed. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 7th ed. New York: MLA,
2009. Print.
Trimmer, Joseph, ed. A Guide to MLA Documentation. 8th ed. Boston: Wadsworth, 2010. Print.
Brizee, Allen, ed. ”The OWL at Purdue.” Purdue University Online Writing Lab. 2009. Web.
31 Aug 2009.
36