One Flew Over the BACKGROUND INFO • Cuckoo’s Nest Time where society believed mental institutions were for crazy people. • G R I M M ’ S Patients re- Plot Overview: Timeline Shock Therapy • 1963—First Chief kills McMurphy and escapes time gov. spent money for mental hospitals • Suicide Party w/ Hooker 1962 Forensic psychology begins • Many books Attacks Nurse—Lobotomy Moved to Disturbed Cheswick about mental patients are published. (new openness) • K N Y C K I Popular Drug— Thorazine • K E R R I , the night shift at Menlo Park Veterans Hospital. He would visit and socialize among patients. During many visits he was under the influence of hallucinogens. He alleged that the patients were not truly insane and tried desperately to prove it. Ken Kesey, grew up between the time of the 1950’s and 1960’s. As a student at Stanford, he took part in a project where he tested the effects of numerous drugs such as LSD, cocaine, and psilocybin. Kesey gained the inspiration for Cuckoo’s Nest, by working ceived psychotherapy with psychiatrists. • B R O O K E , About the Author: Ken Kesey Many medications given, many were injections, to decrease symptoms of psychosis. • N O T E S commits su Fishing Trip Setting: Oregon Knows Chief can talk Lobotomies g Fi McMurphy Arrives Shower Fight icide g in ht ith W g Bi N se ur A e ud t i tt e ng a Ch Realizes he’s practically the only committed patient Estimated Reading Time: Roughly, one week State Asylum through late 1950’s– early 1960’s. Plot Overview: Summary McMurphy and Chief The captivating story is told through the perspective of Chief Bromden, a patient at the asylum, who pretends to be deaf so that he remains unnoticed. McMurphy, a sane and manipulative man, feigns being insane in order to be committed to an insane institution to get out of work. He brings joy, life, and laughter with his daily dosage of mayhem to the hospital and all its inhabitants. McMurphy is in a constant battle with the Big Nurse over power, He willingly fights to win the upper hand until he discovers the Big Nurse holds the ultimate power; his time sentence. His demeanor drastically changes for a short period until he realizes his purpose; bringing joy and courage to the patients while he still has time. He organizes a fishing trip for 10 of the patients against the Big Nurse’s wishes. In a desperate attempt to save his fellow colleague from embarrassment, he fights several attendants and is sent up to Disturbed floor. There, he experiences Electric Shop Therapy. The Big Nurse grants him the choice of admitting his fault, Character List “One flew east, One flew west, One flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest. (272).” Major • Chief Bromden • Randle Patrick McMurphy • Big Nurse (Ratched) Minor • Harding • Billy Bibbit • Cheswick • George • Doctor Spivey • Candy • Black attendants Chief (Broom) Bromden Pretends to be deaf and dumb to avoid interrogation by staff of hospital. The story is told through Chief’s eyes as he cautiously observes the insane and their recovery. A fog appears periodically according to chief whenever he feels scared he hunkers into his security shield. However, he feels safe around McMurphy, Sarcastic, witty, and manipulative. CUCKOO’S but his prideful nature refuses. He receives numerous treatments with little progression. A big party under the secrecy of the patients is thrown; Booze, medication, and hookers were provided, courtesy of McMurphy. When the Big Nurse discovers the trappings in the morning she furiously embarrasses all the men. McMurphy attempts to display he weaknesses also by stripping her of her clothing and dignity and assaulting her. McMurphy receives a lobotomy and is forever in a daydream-like trance. Chief can not stand to have such a freeman trapped and let the Big Nurse win the last battle so he graciously suffocates McMurphy and escapes the asylum. NEST Analysis of Characters Who appears to be a Christlike savior. R.P. McMurphy - He feigns being mentally incapable to provide for himself so that he can retreat from working at a work farm for crimes held against him. Witty McMurphy sparks a light in the asylum and shows the patients that they are not as insane as the staff leads them to believe. McMurphy brings life, laughter, and trouble back to the hospital. He is constantly feuding with the Big Nurse over particular capability matters. Big Nurse (Ratched) - The main advisor of the hospital. She is very firm on her decisions and therapeutic recovery. She presses the men to be open with their feelings and publicly humiliating them. She conveys a masculine role, but physically appears quite feminine. Minor Characters: Harding– He claims he is different, and is overly self-conscious of his hands because he is homosexual. His wife left him so he registered as a patient. He has superior language compared to his peers and is considered the main leader before the arrival of McMurphy. Billy Bibbit– He is committed to the hospital because he attempts suicide. He possesses a fear of women and rejection and feels inferior of his existent lisp. Charles Cheswick– Commits suicide when McMurphy’s atti- tude changes to more passive because He feels betrayed. George-Has a phobia of germs, dirt, and grime. He becomes captain on the fishing trip. He exerts a change when he volunteers to be captain but quickly subdues when McMurphy fights the black attendants so that he does not have to be bathed. Doctor Spivey– Slowly becomes more pro-McMurphy but also is the Big Nurse’s boss. Candy– Hooker that stole Bibbit’s virginity and helped partake in the events. Black Attendants– Help to maintain order in the asylum however, they lazily pass off work to patients. Ironically, they are treated better by personnel in a time when blacks did not possess many rights and social acceptance. Motifs: • • The Fog - Only appears in the eyes of chief. There are two main causes of the fog; one, his medication and lack there of and two, his fear of being forgotten. From this fear he develops a phobia of people “cracking him” and discovering what he truly is. The fog appears whenever chief is frightened. • Cigarettes - The induction of Symbols: • the drug nicotine is a prominent leisure activity many of the men on the ward participate in. The cigarettes are a substance the feel the Big Nurse can not limit or eliminate. Smoking is the one activity where the patients believe they have control over. Whale Boxer Shorts - The whales are free, big, and powerful like McMurphy who's ego is quite large and stubborn. McMurphy’s pride is compared to the whales which Moby Dick. McMurphy would not subdue to the authority of the Big Nurse like Moby would not let himself be captured. They both were uncatchable Children’s Rhyme - The popular rhyme “one flew east, one flew west, one flew over the cuckoo’s nest” symbolizes the main activities in the book. One flew east, one flew west, portray the characters of McMurphy and the Big Nurse by flying in opposite directions they are opposing one another’s thoughts, actions, and beliefs. And Chief is the one that flew over the cuckoo’s nest by escaping the asylum from a loony bin full of cuckoo’s or crazy people. and unstoppable. • • Clocks– Time was in the importance of referencing the time that was spent behind the walls of the asylum. The Big Nurse always controlled the how fast or how slow time was spent. It was vital for the patients and especially McMurphy to cherish the time spent locked inside. Control Panel - Is compared to the Big Nurse in that she is strong, in control, shiny like mentioned in Chief's nightmares of the combine. At first McMurphy is unable to life the object such as he is unable to break the Big Nurse, but at the end Teaching the patients how to play basketball. Chief catapults the panel and escapes the institution revealing that he is stronger than her in the end. Symbols: • • Birds - McMurphy is constantly calling the patients ‘birds’. Birds go on to reference the fact that they are trapped in a cage like the patients are trapped in the asylum. Black Boys- The group of black attendants help to present the irony during the time period. In the early 60’s African Americans did not obtain the same rights as white men. However, the black boys were treated superior compared to the mentally unstable white men. Proving how poorly the men inside the asylum were treated. Themes: • • Everyone's a little CuckooEven though McMurphy faked being mentally ill in order to get out of work, he still presented to be mentally ill at times. When he would lose a battle with Nurse Ratched or when he came up with off-the-wall ideas he proved he was a little nutty. And when some of the seriously ill patients provided proof that they could be normal through speech or emotion it went to show that everyone can be a little crazy at times when they lose control. Battle of the Sexes - McMurphy and the Big Nurse constantly are fighting for authority. Any rise McMurphy earns is quickly rebutted by the Big Nurse’s firm hand. McMurphy does not appear to be fighting a woman, because the Big Nurse is described as being masculine. • Laughter as Medicine - From the very beginning McMurphy tries to get the rest of the attendants to laugh. Laughter brings happiness to those who surround themselves with it. McMurphy wants to make the most of his time spent inside the hospital and show others how to enjoy their time as well. Chapter Summaries and Commentary: Summaries: 1. The novel begins with three black boys making fun of chief (all told through Chief’s eyes). Ms. Ratchet, or the Big Nurse as he patients refer to her, is introduced as having “precise, automatic gestures” (11). 2. Chief is in the ay room along with the other acutes and chronics when R.P McMurphy is being signed in as a new patient. He laughs at all the patients and warns them he is a “gambling fool.” 3. Chief goes on to explain how a patient is classified either as an acute or a chronic. Bibbit, Harding, Cheswick, and McMurphy meet. McMurphy tries to talk to Chief until interrupted by the Big Nurse. She tries to enforce rules on McMurphy. 4. We get to better know the Big Nurse a and her way of running the ward. Chief explains how the Big Nurse came to acquire three daytime black boys. Then Chief tells the daily schedule. 5. McMurphy sits through his first group meeting. The patients pound Mr. Harding with questions about his wife. The doctor and Big Nurse start to analyze McMurphy. 6. Chief goes on to explain how the Big Nurse has the power to slow down or speed up time . McMurphy asks about the music while gambling. McMurphy comes to realize Chief really isn’t deaf. Commentary: 1.The treatment of the black boys is superior as to the ill white male patients which is ironic due to this period in time. The tale is told through chief’s perspective, which proves to be unreliable because he has a mental illness called schizophrenia. We also meet the big nurse who has mechanical mannerisms and lack of emotion, similar to a robot. 2.McMurphy is introduced. From his appearance to his personality he proves to be different from all the other patients. He is warm, energetic and tries to unveil laughter. The men are afraid to laugh because of what the Big Nurse could do. It appears he is going to be trouble. 3.Ironically, Chief explains the distinct separation of the patients when they are trying to be taught how to be sociable among a diverse society. Big Nurse and McMurphy have first big clash. The Big Nurse realizes that McMurphy is going to be a nuisance and potentionally cause an uproar. 4. The Big Nurse has a very precise schedule. She operates her ward like a machine. Time is being introduced as to how important it is and to keep order minute by minute of the day. 5. First time we see the Big Nurse antagonize and pry answers from embarrassing questions Nurse manipulates and slyly tortures the men into admitting to secrets. Like the fact that Harding reveals he is gay. When becoming rowdy, the doctor and Big Nurse analyze and question to why McMurphy is there. 6. When time is mentioned this time, it goes deeper as to how the nurse is a controlling person. She has the power to make the time go faster or slower. To the patients, time goes further than seconds an minutes of a planned activity. It goes to show that they spend days and months and years in a place they despise. It is ironic how much they hate the hospital, when they are all registered at their own free will. 7. Chief doesn’t take his red pill and tells us about at night how the floor goes down into a machine room where he sees wires and old Blastic being cut open. 8. Chief wakes up to the unusual sound of singing. Chief looks around and sees its McMurphy who comes out of the shower in a towel. The Black Boys tell him its not ward policy to take a shower at that time. Big Nurse confronts him and he pulls off his towel to the Nurse’s surprise he has white whale shorts on. 9. McMurphy believes the Big Nurse will be “easy to snap” while Chief explains she was only caught off guard. McMurphy tries anything to get a laugh out of the patients. The Big Nurse explains why the music cant be shutoff or turned down. Doctor and patients plan a carnival and the doctor tells the Big Nurse the boys can gambol in tub room with out music. 10. Acutes play and argue over the game of monopoly. 11. Chief talks about periods of time when he is lost in the fog and the other patients don't seem to realize it. McMurphy argues to get the World Series on the television and switch the schedule. He doesn’t understand why the boys won’t vote to change the TV times. He then loses the bet about being able to move the control panel. 12. Chief encounters a public relation who pays him no attention. Then he goes on to explain a paining. 13. Chief explains how he feels safe in the fog. 14. Chief does not understand why a man killed himself all ‘he had to do was wait” (115). 15. Chief compares the fog machine to being at war. He then remembers of a time he went hunting with Papa. McMurphy wills the revote 21 to switch the TV times but the Big Nurse still said no, so the boys watch a blank TV screen instead. 16. All the patients, attendants, and nurses are watching the Big Nurse waiting to see what she does. The doctors contemplate on what to with McMurphy. The Big Nurse surprises all on her response. 17. Big Nurse gives McMurphy latrine duty and he just uses it for fun. Chief looks at life and people differently. Chief talks about the nurse with the necklace. 18. The boys start to complain to the Big Nurse about everything at group meetings. They all go swimming and McMurphy learns he will be there as long as the Big Nurse wants because he is committed. McMurphy stands standing up to the Big Nurse. 19. Mr. Sefelt has a seizure and Fredrickson argues about taking seizure pills. 20. Chief talks about time an the Big Nurse’s hands. 21. The acutes field trip to the library an Harding’s wife is , She flirts with McMurphy and criticizes Harding. 22. McMurphy is introduced to the electric shock. The boys argue about what is wrong with the Big Nurse. McMurphy discovers he is about the only one committed to the ward. 23. The Big Nurse gives the boys their punishment of taking away the tubroom because of their obnoxious behavior. McMurphy doesn’t argue, instead, he walks to the window andbreaks it to get his cigarettes. 7.With the absence of his medication Chief begins to see things. The pill could be a sleeping pill to keep him asleep and the things he sees could be a dreamy state he is in or it could be due to his illness; schizophrenia. 8. McMurphy realizes he is losing the control he has over himself due to the Big Nurse and her obsessive desire to have control over everything. He purposefully makes a joke with his boxer shorts in order to make the Big Nurse feel uncomfortable to try to break her rein. This is the first time we see the whale boxers which have distinct similarities to McMurphy and his mannerisms. McMurphy has pride in himself. The battle over authority is thriving. When McMurphy suggests a carnival all the men agree and start planning. They begin to argue, When Big Nurse tries to dismiss the idea the Doctor overrules her authority. The Doctor is changing and slowly sliding from the Big Nurse’s grasp and siding with McMurphy and his idealistic ways. McMurphy sees this incident as a win. 10. McMurphy realizes how incoherent the men really are to reality. He realizes that they are there to get better that they truly need help but he still does not believe medication and a schedule is the way to achieve improvement. 11. This is the first time fog is introduced. Fog appears when Chief feels insecure or threatened. Fog is only seen through the eyes of Chief. Fog could have originated from lack of medicine or his phobia of being overlooked. He is afraid to be seen for what he really is. The vote to watch the world series shows how secluded the men are from reality of American life and how afraid they are to vote against the Big Nurse and draw attention to themselves. They are afraid of her power. 12.It just goes to show how mentally insane Chief really is. His mind can not focus clearly. 13.When the fog appears, Chief feels as if no one can see him so he feels safe, yet he's afraid that if he remains in the fog too long he will be lost forever. 14. Time goes on to portray that each individual has their own set of time on earth, but taking ones own life is cheating time and its power. Each life is measure by what you make of it on Earth. Chief believed he saw that individuals time closing soon and if he would have waited he wouldn’t have had to cheat. 15. Shocked, by the votes against her, the Big Nurse says the game would not be very therapeutic to the men’s health. McMurphy, frustrated, will not let her win that easily so he pretends to watch the game on a blank TV screen instead. 16. This chapter goes to show that everyone subjects to the Big Nurse’s demands. 17. The Nurse with the necklace shows that she is Catholic. Chief describes her grasping her crucifix firmly and praying. Mental illnesses were thought to be contagious so she was likely praying to keep her health and discard the guilt she felt for praying such a prayer. 18. McMurphy drastically changes the tone of group meetings from dull to chaotic, but that’s not the only thing that changes. McMurphy ‘s entire demeanor halts when he realizes that unlike prison where you do your time and your out, the Big Nurse completely has control. So in order to leave quicker, McMurphy is on his best behavior. 19. This chapter is a glimpse of how crazy these patients truly are. This also shows how scared the patients are of taking medication. They don’t know what the meds will do to them. 20. Once again time is brought up. The Big Nurse’s hands are being described as being white an floating over the control panel. White is perceived as clean and perfect. The Big Nurse (in her mind) runs the ward perfectly. 21. Harding is being perceived by the reader as being gay. This problem may be due to his wife’s obsession with flirting and forcing herself on other men especially in front of Harding. She is also constantly putting her husband down emotionally. 22. This chapter is a turning point for McMurphy. His whole attitude changes when he realizes he can be held in the ward as long as the Big Nurse wants to hold him. The boy’s attitudes also change towards the Big Nurse. They realize there are some power issues and they wonder why. 23. McMurphy at heart is a free-willed man. He tries to follow and play along with the Big Nurse and her rules but he can not handle it anymore. His character does not allow this. After some amusement to the Big Nurse he breaks free of her reign and breaks the glass, ending his conformity. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 24. Chiefs ears were ringing at the beginning of the chapter as he was anticipating something was going to happen. Of course he was right, McMurphy broke the window. McMurphy is just trying to prove that he still has control over the Big Nurse. Yet he is still sympathetic by trying to talk to Chief. 25. McMurphy convinces George to become the captain. Chief catches a big fish, making everyone feel ‘big’ and proud. They are like fishers of men, at first they couldn’t believe McMurphy and his crazy ideas but then gain faith when the men see the miracle of freedom. 26. Billy is skeptical with McMurphy so he asks if he can bring Candy back for a date. McMurphy tries to help George and he retaliates so McMurphy tries to be the middle-man and fights the opposers. When sent up to Disturbed, the boys realize they will receive Shock Treatment. Chief becomes scared and his fog begins to appear again. 27. McMurphy has the option of admitting he was wrong and apologizing, but he doesn’t so he receives several shock therapy treatments. Chief only receives a couple, but McMurphy has repetitive treatments. 28 –29. Chief suffocates McMurphy out of sympathy and escapes tossing the control panel portraying the overthrow of the Big Nurse. Chief could not have the Big nurse win the final battle. 24. McMurphy becomes his old disrespectful self, he taught the boys to play basketball and another window was put in with a white X on it. The ball ‘accidently’ went through the window. McMurphy planned a fishing trip. Chief daydreams back to his childhood when people came to buy his dad’s land. One of the black boys discovers chiefs wad of gum. McMurphy prompts Chief into talking about his childhood and promises he will help him grow big again. Candy and the Boys go on a fishing trip. They face troubles along the way, but still make it out on the lake. They spend all day laughing, drinking and fishing, while gaining confidence. The Big Nurse’s next plan was to get the patients wondering and questioning McMurphy behind his back. Chief lifted the control panel for McMurphy. All the boys had to take a special shower because of the fishing trip. George refused, McMurphy and Chief beat up the black boys. They are sent to Disturbed. McMurphy brags about the fight, then has conversation with Big Nurse. Chief and McMurphy go through Shock Therapy. Chief is scared and has another childhood flashback. Shock is not affecting McMurphy so he gets more. Candy and the other hooker come to the party. The next morning the boys are in trouble. Billy gets caught with Candy and e kills himself. McMurphy assaults the Big Nurse and he gets a lobotomy. After surgery Chief suffocates McMurphy and flees the ward. Important Quotations Explained • Pg 41 “But an admission is a different story. Even the best-behaved admission is bound to need some work to swing into routine, and, also you never can tell when just that certain one might really make a hell of a mess and constitute a threat to the whole smoothness of the outfit.” • Pg 111 “’But I tried though’ he says, ‘God dammit, I sure as hell did that much, now didn’t I?’” • Pg 118 “Being lost isn’t so bad.” • Pg 136 “No. He isn’t extraordinary. He is simply a man no more subject to all the fears, the cowardice, an timidity any other man is subject to. • Pg151 “McMurphy is doing the smart thing….” • Pg 235 “All he has to do is admit he was wrong, to indicate, rational contact, and the treatment would be canceled at this time.” • • • • • • The use of foreshadowing indicates the whole mannerisms McMurphy uses along with his manipulation and path of destruction he plans to leave behind him. McMurphy gets upset because he doesn’t understand why the boys don’t stand up to the Big Nurse. He claims at least he tries to change things. Chief explains the comfort in being invisible. The Big Nurse argues that McMurphy isn’t anything special, just another bump in the road in need of some grating. Chief agrees with McMurphy’s change in attitude in order to get out sooner. He says that is a smart move on his part. McMurphy will not give up his pride for anyone, even if it results in great pain. Key Facts: • Kesey gained inspiration for • the novel while working a graveyard shift at a Californian mental hospital. • First published in 1962. • Kesey also lived in Oregon most his life and was familiar with the novels settings. • reputably set in the Pendleton Mental Hospital. (Now a correctional facility.) • • Kesey wrote four novels, The movies for the novel was filmed in Oregon’s State Mental Hospital in Salem. • • Kesey was upset when the film debuted because the movie did not portray the story through Chief’s perspective. Can be considered a protest novel or a countercultural novel. two plays, and four collections of essays and short stories • Psychiatry movement of the 1960’s. The book’s hospital was Enoch Powell (Minster for • The film won five Oscars. Health in early 1960’s) was also an opponent for asylums and spoke out about them (Particularly his ‘Water Tower’ speech). • Kesey did not believe Jack Nicholson was the one to play McMurphy. • Nicholson gained his recognition by playing the part of McMurphy One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s nest may also be connected to the Anti- Further Reading: • Sometimes a Great Notion by Ken Kesey • Hell’s Angels:The Strange and Terrible Saga of The Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs by Hunter S. Thompson • Thompson • Running with Scissors by Augusten Burroughs • Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath • Novels of Barth by Kesey, Pynchon, and Gaddis Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas by Hunter S. Study Questions: 1. Why did Bibbit kill himself? 2. McMurphy helped a group escape from a prison camp in what war? 3. What does Harding mean by the statement ‘he is different’? 4. Why didn’t McMurphy flee when he had the opportunity? 5. Why did the men want to talk to Mrs. Bromden and not Chief Bromden Sr.? 6. How does Chief escape? 7. What is the significance of the fog? 8. Why does the fog clear and who helps it clear? 9. Why is laughter threat- ened at the hospital? 10. Why does the nurse believe the patients are present at the hospital? 11. Being a large man, why does Chief see himself as small? 12. Why does Cheswick commit suicide? 13. Why does McMurphy’s attitude change? 14. At the moment McMurphy breaks the window, what happens? 15. What did the men gain by embarking on the fishing trip? 16. Why didn’t McMurphy admit he was wrong instead of receiving EST? 17. Why did McMurphy receive a lobotomy? 18. Why did the patients continue to watch a blank screen? 19. What was the focus of the basketball game? 20. What did McMurphy learn while swimming from the lifeguard? Essay Questions: boxer shorts. (compare) 4. Explain the irony in the role of the Big Nurse in society’s hierarchy. 5. What was and how did Chief view the combine? 1. Argue if Chief maliciously or graciously kills McMurphy. 2. Argue if McMurphy was mentally insane. 3. What is the significance of the whale on McMurphy’s Quiz bm i f um t r f t l ec i g r uan s i h i s y s b wm c t dghch r on i t ee i gco r i g ccon t r o l pa h l r g i omd e r eog t bba ske sbe r i i beo t wo l i b b i r g t i t t pb r c i be c o mm i t t e d s kmb b t u t s e s b y t i t c i hwp r m t wo t c i c h o f e c i n b t l t e s t e i d i b i se r r hbs e s r oy oe s e e l bo ae r r ba l l i mg o g i rw n t ea uo i b r r c l sc f e e f og 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. The novel was written through whose eyes? Who drowned in the pool? What blurs Chief’s vision? Who was McMurphy’s biggest competitor? What sport did McMurphy teach patients? What program did patients fight to watch? In what room did the patients seriously start playing poker? What trip did the patients go on? Patients that seldom move from the bedside are called… McMurphy did not volunteer to go into the mental hospital he was… Who lost their virginity to Candy? Rub-a-Dub/Captain was also known as… McMurphy received what surgery? Chief attempted to move what? 1 2 5 ACROSS 5. chief's chore 6. number of black attendants 7. mcmurphy helped chief gain his_______back 8. chief chews... 9. chief first talked to... 10. hookers and______are snuck into the ward 12. mcmurphy purposely breaks what object 13. patient who gets away at the end 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 DOWN 1. chief's disability 2. ward mcmurphy and chief are sent to 3. nurse wore_______to hide birthmard 4. man on night shift 5. electric________therapy 11. commits suicide
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