Daily English Vocab
PDF 8th Nov 2016
Industries Spawned By State Failure
Add air purification devices to the growing list of industries that have been spawned (वृद्धि होना/
द्धवस्तार होना) by the failure of the state to perform its duties. We are all familiar with private security
guards who proliferate (तादाद में बढ़ना/ सख्ं या में बढ़ना) at office buildings, residential colonies and
commercial establishments.
Their ubiquitous (साववद्धिक/ सब जगह का) presence tells a tale of the state’s failure to provide law and
order through regular law enforcement and policing.
Inverters and diesel power generation sets proliferate because power supply from the state-run or
state regulated utility cannot be taken for granted.
When Singapore set out on its modernization journey, Lee Kuan Yew set one vital (महत्वपूर्व)
benchmark for himself.
Singaporeans should be able to drink water from the tap, as residents of developed countries could.
This called for drinking water pipes and sewerage lines to stay forever apart, like East and West
in Rudyard Kipling’s poem. Singapore crossed this milestone long ago.
In India, even today, the contents of the two kinds of pipeline networks commingle (द्धमलना/एक जगह
आकर द्धमल जाना) every now and then. This has created an industry that supplies/cleanses water for
drinking.
People happily pay for water tankers, bottled water, water filters and purifiers that deploy (असरदार
तरीके से इस्तेमाल करना) reverse osmosis membranes on top of ultraviolet treatment, etc, but baulk
(द्धवघ्न/अवरोध करना) at the suggestion that they should pay the water utility a little more to finance
investment in and upkeep (अनुरक्षर्/रख-रखाव) of the distribution network. Now, steadily mounting
pollution has elevated (उन्नत/ऊपर उठाया) several Indian cities to the top in the UN’s ranking of the
world’s most polluted cities, when it comes to air quality.
Assorted (द्धवद्धिन्न प्रकार के /चयद्धनत) masks and air purifiers for the car and the home sell in large
numbers. Private gyms and gym equipment will see brisk (तेजी से) business, as the morning
constitutional turns toxic.
Hospitals, doctors and the pharma industry see revenue spikes (वृद्धि/ बढ़ाव), as do crematoriums
(शवदाहगृह) and funeral homes. A better, more functional state now promises to draw the shutters on
entire businesses.
Should we just let the drift continue? Continued and deepening state failure could spawn yet more
sunrise industries, so what if we cannot see the sun all too clearly these days.
(Courtesy: The Economic Times)
1. Spawn (Verb): To cause (something) to develop or begin : to produce or create (something).
(वृद्धि होना/ द्धवस्तार होना)
 Synonyms: Create, Generate, Bring forth, Give rise to.
 Antonyms: Destroy, Stop, Kill, Halt.
Example: Dean crossed his fingers and hoped this affiance would spawn fewer complications
than the last.
Verb forms: Spawn, Spawned, Spawned.
2. Proliferate (Verb): Increase rapidly in number; multiply. (तादाद में बढ़ना/ सख्ं या में बढ़ना)
 Synonyms: Expand, Propagate, Escalate, Increase, Great Rise.
 Antonyms: Shrink, Decrease, Fall Off, Lesson.
Example: As cell phones become more and more multi-functional, their use continues to
proliferate and you see them and hear them just about everywhere you go.
Verb forms: Proliferate, Proliferated, Proliferate.
Related words:
 Proliferation (noun) - तीव्र वृद्धि
3. Ubiquitous (Adjective): Seeming to be seen everywhere. (साववद्धिक/ सब जगह का)
 Synonyms: Omnipresent, Everywhere, All-Over, Pervasive.
 Antonyms: Rare, Scarce, Hardly Found.
Example: If you have not noticed, computers are everywhere and have become ubiquitous in
everyday life.
Related words:
 Ubiquitously (adverb) - सववव्यापी ढंग से

Ubiquitousness (noun) - सववद्धवद्यमानता
4. Vital (adjective): Essential for something. (महत्वपूर्व)
 Synonyms: Important, Necessary, Required, Needed, Significant.
 Antonyms: Minor, Trivial, Insignificant.
Example: Without the vital clue, we will never be able to solve the mystery.
Related words: Vitalize, Vitalized, Vitalized.
 Vitalize (verb) - सद्धिय कर देना
5. Commingle (verb): To join or mix together at a place. (द्धमलना/एक जगह आकर द्धमल जाना)
 Synonyms: Combine, Unite, Join, Merge, Amalgamate.
 Antonyms: Disjoin, Part, Separate, Divide.
Example: The both party commingled just before the election to oust the ruling party.
Verb forms: Commingle, Commingled, Commingled.
6. Deploy (verb): Bring into effective action. (असरदार तरीके से इस्तेमाल करना)
 Synonyms: Use, Utilize, Employ, Make use of, Avail, Exploit.
 Antonyms: Displace, Disarrange, Disturb.
Example: Small states can often deploy resources more freely without caring for the future.
Verb forms: Deploy, Deployed, Deployed.
Related words:
 Deployment (noun): तैनाती
7. Baulk (noun): Hesitate or be unwilling to accept an idea or undertaking. (द्धवघ्न/अवरोध)
 Synonyms: Resist, Be reluctant to, To halt.
 Antonyms: Aid, Support, Agree, Consent, Permit.
Example: The Major baulk towards the GST bill is to effectively organize the tax slab for all
commodities.
Verb forms: Baulk, Baulked, Baulked.
Related words:
 Baulk (verb) - अवरोध करना
8. Elevate (verb): Raise or lift (something) to a higher/better position. (उन्नत/ऊपर उठाया)
 Synonyms: Raise, Uplift, Boost, Move up, Upgrade.
 Antonyms: Demote, Deprecate, Lessen, Depress.
Example: By bringing the effective policies and various schemes he has elevated the standard of
people of his own constituency.
Verb forms: Elevate, Elevated, Elevated.
Related words:
 Elevation (noun) - उत्थापन

Elevator (adjective) - उत्थापक
9. Assorted (Adjective): Of various sorts put together; miscellaneous. (द्धवद्धिन्न प्रकार के /चयद्धनत)
 Synonyms: Varied, Various, Miscellaneous, Diverse, Of different kind.
 Antonyms: Similar, Unvaried, Same, Like.
Example: As the principal demanded suggestions regarding rules and regulations, various teachers
put assorted views immediately.
Verb forms: Assort, Assorted, Assorted.
Related words:
 Assort (verb) - श्रेद्धियों में बांटना

Assortment (noun) - द्धवन्यास
10. Brisk (adjective): Done with quickness and energy/ moving quickly. (तेजी से)
 Synonyms: Quick, Rapid, Fast, Swift, Speedy, Alacritous.
 Antonyms: Lazy, Sluggish, Idle, Slow.
Example: My grandmother’s exercise regime is to walk the mall at a brisk pace.
Related words:
 Briskness (noun) - तीव्रता

Briskly (adverb) - तेजी से
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