Dear reader In response to your interest we offer information on our chemical free 'plug and play' IVG-­‐C cooling tower water treatment system. The technology presented is an ‘all in one’ water treatment solution for cooling towers and evaporative technology, combined in a stainless steel skid. The IVG-­‐C CoolWater technology: -­‐ Prevents scaling -­‐ Prevents corrosion -­‐ Prevents microbiological growth For further information we like to refer to the next pages. With innovative and best regards, The Pathema team. Paul Boeren M: +31(0)6 – 53213465 Mark Boeren M: +31(0)6 – 42304164 IVG-­‐C CoolWater Pagina: 2/7 Content IVG-­‐C COOLWATER 3 CHEMICAL FREE VORTEX WATER TREATMENT 3 CONTENT IVG COOLING WATER SKID 4 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SYSTEM 5 PREVENT LIME SCALE WITHOUT CHEMICALS 6 THE EMERGENCE OF LIME SCALING CRYSTALLIZATION IN THE VORTEX PROPERTIES OF CRYSTALIZED CACO3 6 7 7 Pathema B.V. www.pathema.nl [email protected] 2 Bezoekadres op afspraak Ralph Bunchestraat 19 5051 KW Goirle IVG-­‐C CoolWater Pagina: 3/7 IVG-­‐C CoolWater Chemical free Vortex water treatment 100% chemical free from lime-­‐ and corrosions inhibitors Degassed Vortex coolingwater has increased heat capacity of 3-­‐5% Prevent lime scaling and remove old lime deposits Water viscosity changes by 20% creating a larger cooling surface The all in one chemical-­‐free Cooling Water treatment Pathema B.V. www.pathema.nl [email protected] 3 Bezoekadres op afspraak Ralph Bunchestraat 19 5051 KW Goirle IVG-­‐C CoolWater Pagina: 4/7 Content IVG cooling water skid This product is the all-­‐in one solution for your cooling water system. It enables you to operate your coolingwater system chemical free, prevent lime scaling, corrosion and biological problems. The system includes the following options to achieve these goals: IVG – Industrial Vortex Generator, the Vortex system will degas water and crystalize lime into calcite and aragonite. The crystalized lime will not scale in the system and the degassed water transfers the heat better leading to optimized cooling. Filtering, by filtering the cooling water continuously the lime particles and other material is filtered out of the water. There are manually and automatic filters available with a range of 70 – 900 microns of filter material . UV-­‐C treatment, will radiate and eliminate all kind off biological material in the water. The continuous lightning of the water will lower biological existence to an absolute minimum. Also here there is a manual and automatic cleaning system available. Monitoring, by checking different parameters continually the technology guarantees working status, blowdown control and water limits (as PH and concentration) as indicated by the cooling tower fabricator. All information is communicated by a 5” touchscreen HMI PLC, giving control and instant monitoring, even remote. Pathema B.V. www.pathema.nl [email protected] 4 Bezoekadres op afspraak Ralph Bunchestraat 19 5051 KW Goirle IVG-­‐C CoolWater Pagina: 5/7 Implementation of the system The system is implemented as a independent loop of the current cooling tower. Circulating the buffer water of the CT system to continuously treat the water and controlling blowdown. In this setup the system is easily to maintain, as it is not influencing downtime of the CT system. IVG Cooling water skid Cooling Tower system Circulation water from CT Intake water Chemical free blowdown water Pathema B.V. www.pathema.nl [email protected] 5 Bezoekadres op afspraak Ralph Bunchestraat 19 5051 KW Goirle IVG-­‐C CoolWater Pagina: 6/7 Prevent lime scale without Chemicals Conversion of Calcite to Aragonite by using the Vortex Process Technology® The emergence of lime scaling Hard water contains a lot of calcium in the form of relatively soluble calcium hydrogen carbonate Ca(HCO3)2, therefore in water calcium carbonate Ca2+ and bicarbonate HCO3-­‐ ions are present. When water is heated carbon dioxide CO2(g) evolves and raise the solid calcium carbonate CaCO3(s): Ca2+(aq) + 2(HCO-­‐3)(aq) CaCO3(S) + CO2(aq) + H2O(l) → CaCO3(s) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) Formula 1 The resulting calcium carbonate CaCO3 (Calcite polymorph) is heat-­‐insulating and is therefore bad for the heat transfer in a heating element. The above reaction is actually a compilation of two equilibrium reactions. Reaction 1: the carbonate-­‐bicarbonate equilibrium HCO3− ions react with itself (HCO3− is amphoteric) according to the following chemical equilibrium: HCO3− + HCO3− H2CO3 + CO32− Formule 2 The formed H2CO3 is unstable and breaks down into CO2 carbon dioxide and H2O water. By heating the water, the solubility of carbon dioxide in the water decreases and disappears from the water. The above chemical equilibrium CO2 disappears, and ensures that new CO2 is formed: the chemical equilibrium shifts to the right (according to the principle of Le Chatelier). Because by replenishing CO2 there is also CO32-­‐ formed, which does not disappear from the reaction, the concentration of CO32-­‐ ions is increased. Reaction 2: The solubility equilibrium of calcium carbonate The presence of Ca2+ ions will react with the now largely present, of CO32-­‐ ions to calcium carbonate (lime scale): Ca2+(aq) + CO32-­‐(aq) → CaCO3(s) Formule 3 Since calcium carbonate is insoluble in water, this equilibrium moves strongly to the right. Pathema B.V. www.pathema.nl [email protected] 6 Bezoekadres op afspraak Ralph Bunchestraat 19 5051 KW Goirle IVG-­‐C CoolWater Pagina: 7/7 Crystallization in the Vortex In the Limeteq Converter™ the Vortex Process Technology ® (figure4) creates a powerful and stable vortex. This essentially is a controlled cavitation. In figure1 is an uncontrolled cavitation can be seen, created by the pressure difference of a ship’s propeller. In the Limeteq Converter™ the Vortex removes unbound gasses from the water by a vacuum in the middle of the vortex. This is a controlled cavitation. All unbound gasses, including carbon dioxide CO2 gasses, are withdrawn by the sub pressure of the vortex. The relatively Figure 1 uncontrolled cavitation soluble calcium hydrogen carbonate Ca(HCO3)(aq) will be converted by this process in Calcium Carbonate CaCO3(s), see formula1. There is one important difference, the build-­‐up of the CaCO3 crystal! Calcium carbonate CaCO3 formed in the Limeteq Converter™ by the Vortex Process Technology® (figure4) crystallizes differently. The Aragonite crystal (figure3) is also formed together with the Calcite crystal (figure2). During the formation of calcium carbonate, by the removal of CO2 gas bubbles, the forces of the vortex prevent that the crystals will scale. Instead, the polymorph Aragonite is formed. Aragonite and calcite cultures that are created in the Vortex ensure that more crystals form when calcium figure 2 Calciet carbonate CaCO3 is formed in a later process not scaling to surfaces. The length of the Vortex, and thus the cavitation tunnel, determines the amount of unbounded gasses that are extracted. When more carbon dioxide CO2 gas bubbles by the vortex are extracted more of the calcium carbonate polymorph aragonite and calcite ais formed. Figure 3 Aragoniet Properties of crystalized CaCO3 The created crystals in the Vortex have a main characteristic that they do not scale. Calcium Carbonate CaCO3 formed in the vortex remains dissolved in water and will not catch on to heat sources or other surfaces. Treatment with salts or chemicals is no longer needed. Furthermore, Aragonite is slightly harder than Calcite and usually grows in needle-­‐shaped crystals (aciculair), while Calcite has a leaf-­‐
shaped habit. The more harder Aragonite can even wear down older Calcite lime scales and remove them. Pathema B.V. www.pathema.nl [email protected] Figure 4 Vortex Process Technology ® 7 Bezoekadres op afspraak Ralph Bunchestraat 19 5051 KW Goirle