DNAAnalysisandBarryFamilyHistory
18March2017
Background
TheBarryDNAProjectwasinitiatedin2013and,asofthedateofthisreporthas
nearly200members.Ofthose,themajorityaremenwiththeBarrysurname;
othersaremenandwomenwhohaveBarryancestorsonatleastonelineofdescent.
ThisreportfocusesontheYDNA(paternalline)testresultsfromprojectmembers,
aswellasthosewhoarenotmembersbutwhohavetheBarrysurname(ora
variant)andwhoseYDNAresultsareavailablethroughpublicsources.Thereport
exploresthehistoriesofthesemen’sfamiliesandtheirgeneticrelationshipsinan
efforttoidentifythevariousIrish,ScottishandEnglishbranchesofthefamilyand
therootsfromwhichtheysprung.
Commentsarewelcomeandmaybedirectedtotheprojectadministrators,whose
emailaddressescanbefoundhere:
https://www.familytreedna.com/groups/barry/about/background
2
TableofContents
SummaryofFindings ............................................................................................................. 4
MethodologyandBarryFamilyHistory........................................................................... 6
Participants’FamilyHistories...........................................................................................12
DNATestResults....................................................................................................................14
ConclusionsandResearchPlans ......................................................................................23
AppendixA:TheEarlsofBarrymoreDNAProject:PhaseIFindings...................25
AppendixB:TheOriginoftheBarrySurnameandFamily .....................................31
AppendixC:Non-paternalEventsintheBarryFamilyandOtherIrishFamilies
.....................................................................................................................................................35
AppendixD:TheDescendantsofColonelCharlesBarry:Documentationand
ResearchObjectives .............................................................................................................37
AppendixE:TheBarrivaneBranch .................................................................................47
3
Summary of Findings
ThehistoryoftheBarryfamilyinIrelandhasbeencomplexanddiverse,andDNA
testingthroughtheBarryDNAProjecthasidentifiednearly40differentpaternal
lineagesamongmenwiththeBarrysurnameoritsvariants.Themostcommon
origincitedfortheIrishBarrysurnameisAnglo-Norman,springingfroman
individualwhocametoIrelandduringtheCambro-Normaninvasioninthe12th
century.Thereareotherdocumentedorigins,includingthreeIrishclans,O’Baire,
O’BearaandO’Beargha,theScottishBarrieandtheEnglishorFrenchBerry.
HistoricalresearchandDNAtestingconfirmthisdiversityandalsoindicatethat
therewerediscontinuitiesinsomeoftheBarryfamily’slinesofdescent.These
factorsmakeitchallengingtodeterminewhichofthelivingmenwiththeBarry
surnamearedirectgeneticdescendantsoftheAnglo-Normaninvadersandwhich
mightbeofIrish,Scottish,EnglishorFrenchorigin.
ProvisionalAssessment
HistoricalrecordsontheBarryfamilyindicatethatdirectpaternaldescendantsof
theearliestAnglo-NormanBarryswerealiveatleastintheearlypartofthe19th
century.Althoughtherearenoconclusiverecordsthatidentifyotherdirect
descendants,withinthefirstthreegenerationsofthefamilyinIrelandtherewereat
least10menbornwhosedescendantswerenotdocumentedbecausetheywerenot
titled.Thereisastrongstatisticalprobabilitythatthepaternallinesurvivedamong
theseandlaterbranchesofthefamily.iDNAtestingisconsistentwiththat
conclusion.YDNA(paternallineage)testresultsfromnearly140menwiththe
BarryorBerrysurnamesindicatethatsomearealmostcertainlygenetic
descendantsoftheearliestAnglo-NormanBarrysinIreland,whileothersareof
nativeIrish,ScottishorEnglishheritage.
TheAnglo-Normans
TheBarryDNAProjectincludesaclusterofsome31menwhoshareacloseYDNA
matchandappeartobethebestcandidatestohaveAnglo-NormanBarryancestry.
TheyhadacommonancestorwiththeBarrysurnameinIrelandwithinthepast800
years.TheirfamilyoriginsclusterneartheBarrys’ancestralhomelands.Theyalso
haveashareddeepancestralgroupcommoninnorthwesternEurope,whichis
consistentwithevidencethatpointstoaFlemishoriginfortheBarryfamily.
SeveralofthesementracetheirfamilyoriginstolocationsnearBarrystrongholdsin
CountyCork,howevernonehavedirectdocumentationofarelationshiptothe
earliestBarrys.
4
ThemeninthisgrouparetheclosestgeneticmatchesintheBarryprojectto
remainsfoundintheBarryfamilymausoleuminCastlelyons,Cork,whichmaybe
thoseofJamesBarry,4thEarlofBarrymore(1667-1748).However,thetestresults
onthoseremainsarefragmentaryandthus,whiletherelationshipisplausible,it
cannotbedemonstratedtoarigorousstatisticalstandard.
ThisgrouprepresentsonequarterofthelinesofdescentenumeratedintheBarry
YDNAproject.Thisimpliesthatabout4%ofthebirthsineachgenerationsincethe
Barrys’arrivalinIrelandwouldhaveinvolvedadifferentsurnameoriginora
discontinuityinthepaternallinesuchasadoption,surnamechange,outofwedlock
birthorincorrectlyattributedpaternity.Thisseemsconsistentwiththehistoryof
Irishfamilies.ii
AnotherpossibilityisafamilyinSouthAfricaandwhoseancestorsemigratedfrom
EnglandwheretheyusedthesurnamesBarryandBerry.Thisfamilyhasastrong
traditionthattheyarerelatedtotheEarlsofBarrymore,andhasadistantbut
plausibleDNAmatchtotheremainsintheBarrymausoleum.However,no
documentaryevidencehasyetbeenfoundtocorroboratetherelationship.
AdditionalDNAtestingandhistoricalresearchareneededtoconfirmorrefutethe
familytradition.
IrishClansandOtherOrigins
Thenextlargestgroupintheprojectconsistsofninemenwhotracetheiroriginsto
anareaofCountyLimerickwherethereisatraditionthattheBarryfamiliesliving
therearerelatedtotheViscountsButtevant,oneoftheBarrytitles.Thereisno
documentationofthisbelief,however,andtheDNAresultsforthisgroupofmen,
whileapossiblematchtothosefromtheBarrymorecrypt,donotfitaswellasthose
forthefirsttwogroups.TheymaybedescendantsofanIrishclan,O’Beargha,which
livedinthatpartofLimerick.TherearealsotwomenwithunusualDNAresults
whomaybepartofthatclanoranother,O’BearaofMayo.
AgroupofcloselyrelatedmenwithWestCorkancestorsmayberelatedtothe
O’Baireclan,partoftheCorcaLaidhegroupthatflourishedinthatarea.
AmongtheothergroupsintheBarryDNAProjectareotherswithdeepIrish
ancestrywhomayalsoberelatedtotheO’Baire,O’BearaorO’Bearghaclans.Several
menappeartobefromScottishofEnglishfamiliesthatareunrelatedtotheAngloNormanorIrishBarrys.Finally,thereareothergroupsofmenwhodonothaveDNA
matcheswiththeBarrysurnameoutsideoftheirimmediatefamiliesandthusthey
mayhavehaddiscontinuitiesintheirlinesofdescentortheirsurnamesmayhave
hadadifferentorigin.Insomeinstancesfamilymembershavebeenabletodiscover
theprobableoriginofthesediscontinuitieswhileinothercasestheyappeartohave
occurredsolongagothatanyrecordofthemhasbeenlost.
5
ConflictingEvidence
Thereisagroupoffourmen,fromthreefamilies,whotracetheirancestrytothree
sonsofColonelCharlesBarry(1660-1730).PublishedhistorieslinkCharlestothe
originalAnglo-NormanBarryfamilythroughtheBarrys,BaronsofSantry.However,
theDNAtestresultsfromthedescendantsofthethreesonsindicatethattheyare
notpaternallyrelatedandthusnomorethanoneoftheselinescanbeconfidently
linkedtoCharlesBarry.Moreover,noneofthemisageneticmatchtotheremains
fromtheBarrymorecrypt.Inaddition,therearesomegapsandinconsistenciesin
thehistoricalrecordsthatraisequestionsaboutCharlesBarry’slineofdescent.
Moreresearchisrequiredtoresolvethisconflictingevidence.
Methodology and Barry Family History
EvaluatingLinesofDescent
ThemosteffectivewaytodeterminehowlivingBarrymenmayrelatetotheir
distantancestorswouldbetotesttheYDNAofmenwhohavedocumentedtheir
descentfromspecificBarryfamilygroupsandcomparetheresultstothoseofthe
currentprojectparticipants.Todate,testresultsareavailableforfourmenwhose
familyhistoriesindicatedescentfromtheAnglo-NormanBarryfamily.Inaddition,
during2015-16aneffortwasmadetoinvestigatetheAnglo-NormanBarrylineage
byconductingforensicexaminationandDNAtestingofremainsfromtheBarry
familycryptinCastlelyons,CountyCork.(SeeAppendixA.)Thiswastheseatofthe
EarlsofBarrymore,themostimportantofthetitledbranchesofthatfamily.Only
fragmentaryresultswereobtainedfromtheDNAtests,howeverthesewere
sufficienttoindicatewhichgroupsofmenintheBarryfamilyweremoreorless
likelytoberelatedtotheindividualswhoseremainswerefoundthere.iii
Thereareseveralotherbodiesofevidenceavailabletoassesswhichmenarethe
mostlikelytoberelatedtothevariousBarryfamilies.Thatevidencefallsintofive
categories:
• ThehistoricalrecordsontheAnglo-NormanBarryfamilypriortoandafter
itsarrivalinIreland.
• PublishedhistoriesandfamilyloreregardingtheoriginsofotherBarry
families.
• Theindividualfamilyhistoriesoftheprojectparticipants.
• TheYDNAhaplogroups(majorbiogeographicalgroups)oftheproject
participants.
6
•
YDNAmatchesamongtheprojectparticipantsandtheprobabilityof
commonancestors.
BarryFamilyChronicles
TheAnglo-NormanBarryfamily’shistoryinIreland,andforthecenturyortwo
beforeitsarrivalthere,iswelldocumented.Thereisacomprehensivechronicle
publishedin1902bytheRev.E.BarrycalledBarrymore:RecordsoftheBarrysof
CountyCorkfromtheEarliesttothePresentTimewithPedigrees.Thatwork
integratesinformationfromseveralprimarysources,includingTheChroniclesofthe
InvasionofIreland,byGeraldisCambrensis,amemberoftheBarryfamilywholived
fromthemiddleofthe12thcenturyuntiltheearly13thandwhodocumentedthe
Anglo-Normaninvasion,includinghisfamily’srole.Rev.Barryalsodrewonlater
sources,suchasTheIrishFiantsoftheTudorSovereigns,whichincludespardons
giventorebelleadersaswellasleasesandotherinformation,andisausefulrecord
of15thand16thcenturyIrishhistory.TheBarryfamilyappearsinBurke’sIrish
FamilyRecords.Thereisalsoacomprehensivepedigreewrittenin1928byCharles
deBary,amemberofabranchoftheBarryfamilythatsettledinFranceaswellas
excellentstudiesbyIrishhistoriansPaulMacCotterandKennethNichols.iv
Takentogether,thesesourcesprovideagoodpictureandchronologyofthisBarry
family,itsoriginsandevolution.Allagreethatamongthemenwhoaccompanied
WilliamtheConquerortoEnglandin1066wasanoblemanwhosefamilywas
grantedestatesinWalesfortheirservice.vTheseincludedBarriIslandin
Glamorgan.Accordingtosomesources,BarriIslandwasnamedafterthe6thcentury
Welshsaint,Baruc,andtheBarryfamilyappropriatedtheisland’snameastheir
own.Butothersourcesindicatethatthefamilynamewasderivedfromthevillageof
Barry,nearTournaiinFlanders,reportedlytheancestralhomeoftheBarryswho
latercametoEngland,WalesandIreland.SeeAppendixBforadiscussionofviews
ontheoriginoftheBarrysurnameandfamily.
WeretheyNormans?
AnimportantfactorinthesearchfordescendantsoftheseoriginalBarrysistheir
culturalandethnicorigin.TheBarrysaregenerallyconsideredtobeanAngloNormanfamilybecauseoftheirparticipationinWilliamofNormandy’sinvasionof
England,andtheirsubsequentsettlementinWales.TheNormansareoften
describedas“Northmen,”Scandinavian(Viking)invaderswhooccupiedNormandy
inNorthernFrancebeginninginthe10thcentury.In911,KingCharlesIIIentered
intoatreatywiththeScandinavianleaderRollograntinghimestatesthatexpanded
toincludewhatwaslaterknownasNormandy.Fromthattimeuntilthe12th
centuryinvasionofIreland,however,theNormanswerenotonlyScandinavian,but
throughalliances,migrationsandintermarriage,evolvedintoacomplexmixthat
includedFrankish,Germanic,CelticandGallo-Romanpeoples.vi
7
AsdetailedinAppendixB,thereisabodyofhistoricalevidencelinkingthe12th
centuryBarryfamilytopresent-dayFlandersratherthanNormandy.Themenwho
accompaniedWilliamtoEnglandcamenotonlyfromNormandybutalsofrom
Aquitaine,Brittanyandotherregions.viiWilliam’swifewasMatilda,daughterof
BaldwinV,CountofFlanders.ModernhistoriansbelievethatBaldwindidnot
directlysupportWilliamwithtroops,butindividualFlemishnoblemendid.viiiThe
namesofseveralknightsfromFlandersareincludedintheBattleRollofHastings,a
tributepreparedin1094tohonorWilliam’scompanions.Insomeversions,the
surnameBarryorBarriisincluded.Itwouldnotbesurprising,then,iftheBarrys
camefromFlandersandwereassociatedwithnobilitythere.
OfspecialinterestaremembersofanestablishedFlemishfamily,thedeBarys.
Thereareanumberofmenfromthisfamilywhotracetheirancestrydirectlyto
Tournai.NoblemenfromHainault,theregioninwhichTournaiislocated,were
amongWilliam’scompanions.ixThepedigreepreparedbyCharlesdeBary,cited
above,arguesforaclosehistoricalrelationship.Whiletheethnicbackgroundof
thesemeninunknown,presentdayFlemishpeopleareeitherFrench-orDutchspeakingandmanyarerelatedtoCeltic,Anglo-SaxonorotherEuropeanpeoples.
WhichgroupsmighthavegivenrisetotheBarryfamilyisunknown,butifthefamily
originwasintheFrench-speakingregionaroundTournai,theycouldhavebeenof
Celtic,GermanicorFrankishstock,aswellasScandinavian.DNAanalysis,discussed
inasubsequentsection,alsoisconsistentwithFlemishorigins.x
Thisbackgroundsuggeststhat,althoughtheBarrysaretypicallydescribedasAngloNorman,theiroriginmayhavebeenFlemish,andtheirgeneticandethnic
backgroundcouldhavebeenScandinavian,Frankish,Germanic,Celtic,Roman,
Anglo-SaxonorsomeotherWestEuropeangroup.
FromFlanderstoIreland
Inthe12thcentury,descendantsofWilliam’scompanion,thenknownbythe
surnamedeBarri,participatedintheNorman-WelshinvasionofIreland.xiThe
familynamewasAnglicizedtoBarryandwasassociatedprimarilywithCountyCork
whereseveralbranchesdeveloped.ThebestknownweretheBarryMor(Greator
ElderBarry),BarryOg(YoungerBarry)andBarryRoe(RedBarry).Theleadersof
theBarryMorbranchbuiltstrongholdsespeciallyinNorthCork,includingthe
familyseatatButtevant,namedafterthefamilymotto.OtherBarryMorholdings
wereatBarryscourt,eastofCorkCityandLiscarrollneartheLimerickborder.A
BarryRoecastlewasatDundendyonthesouthwestcoastandBarryOgterritory
wasinKinaleaneartheportofKinsale.
ThemostimportantofthemanytitlesheldbytheBarryfamilywasthatoftheEarls
ofBarrymore,whoseseatwasatCastlelyonsinEastCork.ThefirstEarlof
Barrymore,DavidBarry,accededtothetitlein1628.HealsoheldthetitlesofBaron
BarryandViscountButtevant.Insucceedingcenturiesthetitlewaspasseddown
untilitbecameextinctafterthedeathofthe8thEarlin1823.Whiletheyheldthe
8
Barrymoretitle,theEarlswereactuallydescended,accordingtofamilyrecords,
fromtheBarryRoebranch.ThisbranchinheritedtheBarrytitlesandsomeofits
membersmurderedpotentialrivalstosecuretheirpositions.
Thus,thestoryoftheBarryfamily,fromtheinvasioninthe12thcenturytothe
Diasporainthe19th,isacomplextaleofintrigue,murder,treasonandgeneral
confusion.TheBarrysintermarriedwithotherprominentAnglo-NormanorIrish
families.SomeoftheBarrymenhaddocumentedillegitimateor“natural”sons,and
itispossiblethatothermeninfactfatheredsomeofthenominalBarrychildren.
Duringthemedievalperiod,fosteringofchildreninthehomesofothernobleswas
common,andfollowersofIrishclanleaderswereknowntohaveadoptedthe
surnamesoftheirpatrons.
ManyprominentmembersoftheBarryfamilyremainedloyaltothecrownand
wererichlyrewardedwithlandbutothersroseagainstit.Barryswereinvolvedin
theDesmondrebellionsofthe16thcenturythatledtotheTudorconquestofIreland.
Inthe1640s,reactingtothe“plantation”ofEnglishlandholders,andfearingthreats
totheirfaithandlands,anumberofIrishCatholicgentry,includingseveralBarrys,
rebelledagainsttheEnglishadministration.Asaresult,theyforfeitedtheirproperty
andwereoutlawed.Althoughsomewereeventuallypardoned,manylaterwere
partoftheJacobitecause,supportingKingJames,and,afterthevictoryofthe
ProtestantforcesofWilliamofOrange,wereonceagaindispossessedoftheirlands.
Earlierinthe16thcentury,somemembersoftheBarryfamilyhadleftIreland,
fleeingtoFrance,wheretheyadoptedthesurnameduBarry.Anumberof
descendantsofthisbranchhavedocumentedtheirrelationshiptothetitled
membersoftheIrishBarryfamily.Otherslefttheirhomestoshelterwithother
Anglo-Normanfamilies.PerhapssomeBarrysstayedintheirhomeareas,but
becametenantfarmersormerchants.StillothersdispersedtootherpartsofIreland,
sothatBarrysarenowfoundineverycounty.
IrishOrigins
LessisknownabouttheseveralIrishclansthatadoptedtheBarrysurname,because
theyheldnolandortitlesunderEnglishruleandthustheirpedigreesare
undocumented.TheoriginsofIrishsurnamesareoftenshroudedinmyth.Surnames
appearedearlierinIrelandthaninmanyotherpartsorEuropeandwereoften
basedonpaternity(“Mac”orson)ordescent(“O”ordescendentof).LargeIrish
clansoftenhadotheraffiliatedfamilygroups.Somehadspecialnamescalled
“agnomena”forsub-branchesthatwerebasedonphysicalcharacteristics,locations
orprofessions,suchas“Bahn”(white),“Diriheen”(fromthelittleoakgrove)or
“Carrig”(stoneorstonecutter).Thesecouldappearinmorethanoneclan.
Moreover,clanaffiliationcouldbeonthebasisofmarriage,maternaldescentor
fealty.SoitwasquitepossibleformentoshareanIrishsurname,butnotbe
paternallyrelated.
9
OneprominentIrishclanwasO’Baire,partoftheCorcaLaidhegroupthatflourished
inthesouthwesternpartofCountyCork.Itwascloselyassociatedwithotherclans,
includingO’Driscoll,O’HeaandO’Leary.TheO’Bairesurnamewassometimes
AnglicizedtoBarry.xii
AstudyofIrishsurnamesidentifiedtwoothersthatweresometimesrenderedas
Barry,andthuscouldlaterbeconflatedwiththesurnameofAnglo-Normanorigin.
ThesurnameO’Bearghawasderivedfrom“descendentofBeargha”(spear-like)and
wasfoundinCountyLimerickwherethatfamilyheldextensivelandsinthebarony
ofKenry.SomesourcesalsoidentifyafamilywiththatnameinCountyMayo,
thoughitappearstohavebecomeextinctbytheearly20thcentury.xiii
AlsoassociatedwithMayo,aswellasCountyOffaly,wasasimilarsurname,
O’Beara.xivThisfamilywassaidtobelinkedtotheO’ConnorandO’Dempseyclans,
andthusmenwhoseBarrysurnameoriginatedwiththisgroupmightberelated
geneticallytothoseclansoroneoftheotherfamiliesassociatedwiththem.
English,FrenchorScottishAncestry
In some family records the surnames Barry and Berry are used interchangeably,
however most men with the Berry variant were probably of English descent. The
EnglishBerrynamewasderivedfromanOldEnglishtermforafortifiedmanor,and
therearelocationsinEnglandcalledBerryorBury.Thereformerlywasaprovince
inCentralFrancealsocalledBerry.xv
ThereisaBerryDNAProjectatFamilyTreeDNA.Aboutone-thirdofthe
participantsinthatprojectlistEnglandastheirfamily’splaceoforigin.Several
otherlocationsarementionedfrequently,includingFrance,Germany,and
Switzerland.SomemenwiththeBerrysurnamewhoarepartofthatprojecthave
alsojoinedtheBarryprojectandtheirfamilyhistoriesorDNAtestresultsindicate
thattheyareofEnglishratherthanAnglo-NormanorIrishdescent.TheirDNA
matchestendtobewithothersofEnglishancestryandtheirdeeporiginstendtobe
Anglo-SaxonorScandinavian.
AnothervariantofthesurnameisScottishandisusuallyspelledBarrie.Itis
associatedmainlywithAngusandderivesfromaScottishGaelicwordthatmeans
hillorhighplace.ThereisatleastonemanintheBarryprojectwhohasScottish
ancestryandusestheBarriespelling.
FamineandMigration
AkeyeventinthehistoryoftheBarryfamilywastheGreatFamineofthe1840s.
Duringthatperiod,Irelandlostamillionpeopletostarvationanddiseaseandabout
thesamenumbertoemigration.TheBarrysweredeeplyaffectedbythefamine,and
severalmembersoftheBarryYDNAprojecttracetheirfamilies’immigrationto
NorthAmericatothistime.Thefamineyearswereverydisruptivetofamilies,so
10
thatchildrenlostparentsandwereadoptedbyneighbors,wereborninworkhouses
andgivenarbitrarynames,orlateremigratedandchangedtheirnamestofitinto
theirnewcultures.
ImplicationsforAnalysis
Thereareseveralimplicationsofthiscomplexhistory.
• AlthoughmostoftendescribedasanAnglo-Normanfamily,theBarryswho
cametoIrelandinthe12thcenturymayactuallyhavebeenFlemishandcould
havehadaScandinavian,Germanic,FrankishorCelticethnicorigin.
• ItisalsopossiblethattheBarryfamilieswhowentfromWalestoIrelandhad
morethanoneearlyprogenitor.BecauseBarryisalocationalsurname,
derivingfromBarryIslandinWalesorBarriinFlanders,menfrommore
thanonelineagemayhaveuseditafterarrivinginIreland.Onlythosewho
boretitles,however,wouldhavehaddocumentedpedigreesandthusany
otherfamilyrecordslikelywouldeithernothavebeenmaintainedorhave
beenlost.
• Thefactthatthesurnamehasmultipleoriginsmakesitdifficulttodetermine,
onthebasisoffamilyrecordsalone,whetheranyindividualisdescended
fromthatfamily,fromoneoftheIrishclans,orfromEnglishorother
Europeanroots.ItismostlikelythatthosewhoseDNAresultsshowdeep
IrishancestryarerelatedtooneoftheclansandthatthosewhoshowAngloSaxonancestryareofEnglishorigin.
• Giventhecomplexityofthefamilyrelationships,theviolentrebellionsthat
affectedtheBarrys,andthedevastatingimpactofthefamine,wewould
expectasignificantincidenceofnon-paternalevents(NPEs),includingoutof
wedlockbirths,orphaningorsurnamechanges.xvi
• AssuminganNPErateof3-5%ineachgenerationandanaverageof25-30
yearspergeneration,overthecourseofthe850yearsofBarryfamily
presenceinIrelandsomewherebetweentwothirdsandthreequartersofthe
familylinesprobablywouldhavehadatleastoneNPE,someofthemmany
centuriesago.xviiAmongthemembersoftheBarryDNAproject,morethan
30potentialNPEshavebeenidentifiedbasedonrecurringsurnamesother
thanBarryintheirmatches.AsdetailedinAppendixC,thisisconsistentwith
theotherIrishfamilies.
Thecumulativeeffectofthesehistoricalfactorsisthatwewouldexpectnomore
thanaboutonequarteroftheprojectparticipantstobedirectlypaternallyrelatedto
theBarrymenwhofirstcametoIrelandinthe12thcentury.Wewouldalsoexpect
considerablegeneticdiversityamongmenwiththeBarrysurname,withavarietyof
connectionstoancientIrishclans.Moreover,sinceNPEsareoftennotreflectedin
11
familyrecords,someapparentlywell-documentedlinesofdescentmaynotbe
geneticallyrelatedtoeithertheAnglo-NormanorIrishBarrys.(Andsomemenwho
arenotgeneticdescendantsmayneverthelesshavevalidlydocumentedlegalclaims
toarelationship.)Therefore,itisnecessarytotestavarietyofBarrymen,including
asmanyaspossiblewithextensivefamilyrecords,inordertodeterminehowthe
variousgroupsarerelated.
Participants’ Family Histories
AnumberoftheprojectparticipantshavedocumentedtheirIrishroots.Outof
nearly140menforwhomtestresultsareavailable,almosttwo-thirdslisttheirmost
distantancestor’splaceoforiginasIreland,asshowninthefigurebelow.
FamilyOriginsofParticipants
Cork
OtherIreland
UnitedStates
England
Canada
Wales
Scotland
Unknown
Manyofthesemenhaveancestorswholivednearlocationscloselyassociatedwith
thevariousBarryfamilies.MostoftheseareinCountyCork,asshowninthetable
onthefollowingpage.(Theentriesforthefirstcolumn,Participants’Haplogroup,
areexplainedinthesectiononDNATestResults.)Thereisasmallgroupofmen
whosefamilieslivedinCountyLimerick.OnesuchfamilylivednearaBarry
stronghold.TheotherswereinanareawherethereisatraditionthattheBarry
familywasrelatedtotheViscountsButtevant,oneoftheBarrytitles,butthishas
notbeenconfirmed.Therearefourmen,includingtwofromthesamefamily,whose
ancestorsappearinfamilyhistorieslinkedtoCharlesBarry,borntoaDublinfamily
about1660,andreportedtobeadirectdescendentofaDungourney(EastCork)
branchoftheBarrymorefamily.Therearesomegapsandinconsistenciesinthe
histories,sofurtherresearchisrequiredforconfirmation.(SeeAppendixD.)
12
Participants’AncestralLocationsnearBarryStrongholds
(LocationsinCountyCorkunlessotherwiseindicated)
Participant’s
Haplogroup
I-M253
I-M253
I-M253
Ancestral
Location
Middleton
Dromcolliher,
Limerick
Ballyduff,
Wexford
Nearby
Barry
Holdings
Dungourney
Liscarroll
Castle
Mocollop
Castle
Distance
(miles)
Comment
5
8
2
Dunworly
Castle
Ballymacredmond Dunworly
Castle
Fourcuil
Dunworly
Castle
Carrigtwohill
Barryscourt
Castle
Rathcormac
Castlelyons
Fermoy
Castlelyons
Mallow
Buttevant
Coolamain,
Newtown
Wexford
Barry
4
Heldby
McAdam
Barrysxviii
1
7
1
2
5
7
20
R1b-CTS4466
Rafeen,Cork
8
R1b-M222
Middleton
5
R1b-L226
Cobh
Barryscourt
Castle
Barryscourt
Castle
Barryscourt
Castle
Homeof
Barrys,
Baronsof
Santry
6
R1b-L21
Unknown
subclade
R1b-L643
Watergrasshill
Castlelyons
8
Principal
emigration
port
Ballylough
R1b-L1066
Ballymacoda
R1b-Z253
Kinsale
BarryCastle
15
orCastlelyons
Barryscourt
15
Castle
BarryOg
N/A
Territory
I-P37
R1b-Z49
R1b-Z49
R1b-Z49
R1b-Z49
R1b-Z49
R1b-Z49
R1b-Z49
Shanagh
13
AnothermanhadanancestorborninDublinabout1765andsomeresearchershave
speculatedaboutaconnectiontotheBarrymoreline.xixThereisalsoamanwho
traceshisancestrytoaTadghO’BarryofMassachusettsandthereisspeculation
thathemayalsobeadirectdescendentoftheAnglo-NormanBarrys.xx
WiththepossibleexceptionofthemenwhomaybedescendantsofCharlesBarryof
Dublin,noneofthesefamilyhistoriesestablishesalineofdescentfromtheAngloNorman/Flemish Barry family. A major problem is the lack of records to link the
early Barry family pedigrees with those of most participants. Birth and baptism
records are generally not available until the 19th century and census records are
fragmentaryasarelandandprobaterecords.However,thefactthatsomeduBarry
men have been able to establish their relationship to the Earls of Barrymore
presentssomehopethatinthefuturemoredirectlinkagecanbemadetotheearly
Barrys.
Atpresent,wecansaythattheparticipants’ancestorsclusteraroundCountyCork,
inlocationsassociatedwithtwomajorbranchesoftheAnglo-Normanfamily,Barry
MorandBarryRoe,andinCountyLimerick,homeoftheO’Bearghaclan.In
combinationwithDNAevidence,thisclusteringpermitsanassessmentofhowthe
projectparticipantsmayrelatetothesebranches.
DNA Test Results
HaplogroupAnalysis
DNAanalysiscancontributetoinvestigatingfamilyhistoryintwoways,by
assessingthehaplogroups,themajorgeneticbranchesoftheYDNAfamilytree,
representedintheprojectandalsobycomparingDNAsignaturesoftheindividual
participants.Thissectionfocusesonhaplogroups.Thesearecharacterizedbythe
presenceofparticularmutationsonsinglenucleotidepolymorphisms(SNPs)onthe
Ychromosome.WhileaSNPtestisrequiredtoverifythehaplogroup,itcanbe
predictedbyexaminingthehaplotype,thatisthepatternofshorttandemrepeat
(STR)markersthatmakeupthebasicYDNAtest.
TheBarryprojectdemonstratessignificantdiversityinhaplogroupsandtheir
subgroups,called“subclades.”xxiAsshowninthefigureonthenextpage,fourmajor
haplogroups,designatedE,I,RandQ,arerepresented,andwithintheRhaplogroup
therearemanydistinctsubclades.
HaplogroupEincludesmenofScots-Irishorigin,whileI1andI2areassociated
primarilywithScandinavia.WithinIrelandtheyarefoundmainlyinareasofViking
influence.HaplogroupQisveryrareinIrelandandmayalsoreflectVikingheritage.
R1bisthemostcommonhaplogroupinEurope.ThesubcladeZ49isassociated
withproto-CelticgroupswhileL21isverycommonamongIrishfamiliesofGaelic
ancestry.U106isassociatedwithAnglo-SaxonandDF27withIberianorigins.
14
HaplogroupsofParticipants
R1b-L21
R1b-Z49
I1
R1bSubcladeUnknown
I2
R1b-U106
R1b-DF27
E
Q
Becausethesehaplogroupsandsubcladesdivergedthousandsofyearsago,test
participantswhobelongtoonegroupcannotbepaternallyrelatedtothoseinthe
others.Thus,therearenearly40individualpaternallineagesrepresentedinthe
project.TodeterminehowthesehaplogroupsmayrelatetotheoriginsoftheBarry
familieswecancomparethemtoresultsfromselectedgeographicalprojectsat
FamilyTreeDNA,thosewithparticipantswhoseancestorscamefromNormandy,
FlandersandIrelandandtoastudyofYDNAtestresultsfromFrance.xxii
Thesecomparisonsmustberegardedcautiously,becausetheyreflecttestresults
fromlivingmenwhoclaimancestryfromtheseregions,usuallynoearlierthanthe
17thcentury.Thustheydonotnecessarilyindicatethedistributionofhaplogroups
atthetimestheBarryfamilymighthavelivedintheseplacesinthe11thcenturyor
earlier.Buttheydoprovideageneralindicationofthegenetichistoryoftheareas.
AcomparisonofhaplogroupfrequencyfromtheFlandersandNormandyprojects
andstudyisshowninthechartonthefollowingpage.TheFranceYDNAstudydid
notincludeNormandyorFlandersbutitdidcontainsamplesfromNordPasde
Calais,aregioninFrancethatliesbetweenthetwo.Asthechartshows,the
dominanthaplogroupinallthreeregionsisR1b,whichisthemostcommon
haplogroupinEurope.WithintheR1bhaplogroup,theL21subcladeisfoundin
significantnumbersinNormandybutisrareinFlandersandtheadjacentregionof
France.Ontheotherhand,subcladeU152isfoundinasignificantnumberofmen
withFlemishancestrybutisnotwidelyrepresentedinNormandy.Themajorityof
menintheBarryprojectareinsubcladesofL21,buttheyareinsmallclustersof
nineorfewer.ThelargestclusterofrelatedmenintheBarryproject,31,isin
15
subcladeR1b-Z49,whichispartofU152.HaplogroupR1b-U106wasfoundinupto
10percentofmenintheFlandersproject.U106ischaracteristicoftheGermanic
tribesthatoriginatedtotheEastofFlanderswheretheycameintocontactwiththe
Alpine-CeltictribescharacterizedbyU152.HaplogroupI1,generallyassociatedwith
Scandinavia,isalsopresentinthethreeregions,probablyreflectingtheViking
incursions.
DistributionofHaplogroupsinNormandyandFlanders
(Percentofmentested)
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
FlandersYDNAProject
20
FranceYDNAStudy(Nord
PasdeCalais)
10
NormandyYDNAProject
0
AnotherusefulcomparisoniswiththelargeIrelandYDNAproject,whichhasmore
than7000memberswhoclaimIrishancestry.Allofthehaplogroupsrepresentedin
theBarryprojectarefoundthere,withtheR1b-L21subcladeespeciallycommon
amongmenwhohavesurnamesofnativeIrishorigin,andwewouldexpectthatthe
BarrymenwhoseancestorswerefromtheIrishclanstobeinthisgroup.Several
prominentAnglo-NormansurnamesoccurmostfrequentlyintheIandR1bgroups,
includingBarryaswellasBryan,Burke,Fitzgerald,Morrissey,NugentandRoche,all
namesassociatedwithCountyCork.ThereareonlyafewNormannamesinthe
E1b1b1andI2ahaplogroups,whichincludemostlymenofScots-Irishornative
Irishancestry.TheI2bsubcladeismadeupmostlyofmenwhohadUlsterancestors.
ThesecomparisonssuggestthattheI1andR1bhaplogroupsaretheonesthatmerit
theclosestexamination,astheyareheavilyrepresentedinthegeographicprojects
andthestudy.IftheFlandersoriginfortheAnglo-Normanfamilyiscorrect,thenit
islesslikelythatthoseBarrysarefromR1b-L21thanfromU152oritssubclade,
Z49.IfNormandyweretheirhome,however,thenthatL21wouldbeamoreviable
16
candidate.L21isalsothemostcommonsubcladeofR1bfoundinIrelandandthus
theprimecandidateformendescendedfromtheIrishclans.
YDNAMatches
Ininvestigatingthemembersofthesehaplogroups,welooknextattheir
relationshipstotheotherparticipantsbycomparingtheirhaplotypes.Thesearethe
patternsamongtheirSTRmarkers.Thesereflectparticularsequenceshanded
downfromfathertosonandareidentifiedbynumbersthatrepresentrepeating
valuesforspecificlocations.Thesemarkersmutateoccasionally,sothatvaluesmay
changeoverthegenerations,andthedifferencesinthesevaluescanbeusedto
estimatewhetherapaternalrelationshipexists,andifsohowcloseitmightbe.
ThemanintheE1b1b1haplogroupdoesnotmatchanyoftheotherBarrymen.
Becauseofthis,andbecausehishaplogroupisveryrareinIreland,Flandersand
Normandy,heisunlikelytobeadescendentofeithertheAnglo-NormanorIrish
Barrys.
TherearefourteenmenintheBarryYDNAprojectwhobelongtohaplogroupI1,
associatedwiththe9thcenturyVikinginvasions.xxiiiThishaplogroupis
concentratedinScandinavia,butisalsofoundinIreland,NormandyandFlanders.
However,thesemenaresplitamongatleastfivedifferentsubclades.xxiv
Becausethesesubgroupsdivergedmanyhundredsorthousandsofyearsago,they
arenotrelatedwithinagenealogicaltimeframe,aconclusionsupportedbythelack
ofSTRmatchesbetweenmenfromthedifferentsubclades.
TwomenintheI1haplogroupcomefromafamilythatinseveralfamilyhistoriesis
linkedtotheearliestBarrysthroughJamesBryanBarry,oneofthesonsofCharles
BarryofDublin(AppendixD).Thesemenareinasubclade,FGC17580,thatispart
ofalargergroupdesignatedI1-iN,for“UltraNorse,”indicatingScandinavian
ancestry.Theyhaveadistant,butprobablyvalid,matchtoanothermaninthat
groupwhosefamilywasfromMiddleton,closetoDungourney,whereCharles’
ancestorslivedaswellastoaBarrymanwhosefamilyoriginwasinCorkCityand
anotherwhoseancestryisunknown.TheyhaveacloseSTRmatchtoamannamed
BerrywhoseancestorswereearlyVirginiasettlersandtoaBarrymanwhose
ancestorwasalaborerborninWaterfordin1884.xxvTherearealsoclosematches
toindividualswithothersurnamesfromWaterford,aVikingstronghold.xxviThus
thegeneticconnectiontoCharles’familyisunclear.
Thereisanothermanwhoaccordingtofamilyhistoriesisdescendedfromanother
ofCharlesBarry’ssons,WilliamTaylorBarry.HeisintheI-M253haplogroup,butis
inacompletelydifferentsubclade,Y8341,whichispartofagroupdesignatedIM253-AS(forAnglo-Saxon).HehasamatchtoanotherBarryindividualwhomay
beadescendentofWilliamaswellastoathirdpersonwhoisapparentlyrelatedbut
hasnorecordofanassociationwithCharlesBarry’sfamily.
17
AnothersmallgroupinthesamesubcladeincludeetwomenfromCountyLimerick
whomayberelatedtotheO’Bearghaclanthatlivedthere.Theothermenin
haplogroupI1areunrelatedtootherprojectmembersandareindifferent
subcladesdesignatedI-M253-AS2(alsoofAnglo-Saxonorigin)andND(for
NorwegianandDanish.
SubcladesofParticipantsinHaplogroupI1
I1-M253-uN
I1-M253-AS
I1-M253-AS2
I1-M253-ND
ThedivergenceamongthesubcladesandpaucityofSTRmatcheswithinthem
indicatethatnomorethanoneoftheseclusterscouldincludedescendantsofthe
Anglo-NormanBarrysinIreland.Takingthelargestsubgroup,theimpliedrateof
non-paternaleventswouldbesome7-8percent,whichseemshigh.Thepatternof
YDNAmatchesappearsmoreconsistentwithVikingorAnglo-Saxonthanwith
NormanorFlemishorigins.Inaddition,theirYDNAresultsareinconsistentwith
thosefromtheremainsintheBarrymorecrypt.Thusthereisconsiderabledoubt
thattheyarerelatedtotheAnglo-Norman/FlemishBarrys.(SeeAppendixD.)
ThreemenintheI2ahaplogroup,alsoassociatedwiththeVikinginvasions,arepart
ofthesamefamily,theBarrivane(WhiteBarry)branch,andhaveidenticalresults.
NoneofthemmatchesanyothermenwiththeBarrysurname,andtheirtestresults
suggestthattheymaybemorecloselyrelatedtootherfamiliesthantotheWest
CorkBarrys.TheircloseYDNAmatchesincludethesurnameO’Driscoll,oneofthe
CorcaLaidhesepts,andthusthesemenaregoodcandidatestoberelatedtothe
O’BaireclanofsouthwestCorkwheretheCorcaLaidheheldextensiveterritory.(See
AppendixE.)
18
ThreeothermenintheI2bsubcladehavematchestomenwhohaveancestryin
England,ScotlandorNorthernIrelandbutnonetomembersoftheBarryproject.
Thisisconsistentwiththehistoryofthissubclade,whichsuggestsanearlyCeltic
origin,predatingtheNormaninvasionofIreland.Oneofthesemenhasrootsin
CountyLimerick,wherethenativeIrishO’Bearghafamilylived.
TherearetwomembersintheI2ahaplogroupwhohaveseveralunusualSTR
values.OnehasnomatchesatallintheFamilyTreeDNAdatabaseandtheotherhas
onlytwodistantmatchestomennamedO’GradyfromLimerick.Theyappeartobe
partofasubcladethatwascommoninwesternIreland,andthusmayberelatedto
theO’BearghafamilyofLimerickortheO’BearaclanofMayo,butthereisdodirect
evidenceofsuchancestry.
ThemenintheR1bhaplogroupfallintosmallergroups,characterizedbyparticular
subcladesandSTRpatterns.Therearetwomaingroupsofinterest.
TheR1b-Z49groupisthelargestclusterintheprojectandiscomprisedof31men
whosharedeepancestry.xxviiEighteenofthesemenhavetheBarrysurnameand
tenhaveaclosevariant,Berry,whichwascommoninthesouthernUnited
States.xxviiiTheotherthreehavedifferentsurnamesbutdonotmatchanyothers
withthosesurnames,andcomprehensiveDNAtestingconfirmsthattheirfamilies
hadNPEsinvolvingBarrymen.xxixFourteenofthemeninthisgroupcantracetheir
familyoriginstoIrelandand10toCountyCork.
TheR1b-Z49groupincludestwoclusters,distinguishedbynovelSNPSanddiffering
valuesonthesignaturemarkerofDYS388.Sevenmenfromthisgrouphavedone
comprehensiveYDNAtestingwithFamilyTreeDNAandtheresultsindicatedthat
theclusterwithDYS388=12istheolderandthatvalueofDYS388=11isarare
backwardmutation.Thissuggeststhattherewasabranchingofthisfamilyline
sometimeaftertheBarryfamily’sarrivalinIrelandinthe12thcentury.xxx
Thereareaspectsofthisgroup’sDNAresultsandhistorythatareworthyofnote:
• AsdetailedinAppendixA,thisgrouphasaplausible,butasyetunconfirmed,
YDNAmatchtoremainsfromtheBarrymorecryptinCountyCork.This
suggestsarelationshiptotheEarlsofBarrymore,whoweredescendedfrom
theoriginalAnglo-NormanBarryfamily.
• AllofthesemenhavevalidYSTRmatchestoeachother,andhavealikely
commonancestorwiththeBarrysurnamewithinthepast800years,roughly
theperiodthattheBarryfamilyhasbeeninIreland.xxxi
•
TherearenorecurringsurnamesotherthanBarryamongtheirDNA
matches.xxxii
19
•
•
•
•
•
•
NoothergroupofBarrymenhasasmanymatches,andmostmatchonly
membersoftheirimmediatefamilies.
TheR1b-Z49haplogroupisuncommoninIreland,suggestingalaterarrival
thanothercandidategroups,whichisconsistentwiththeBarryfamily’s
participationinthe12thcenturyinvasion.
R1b-Z49isfoundthroughoutWesternEurope,centeredinareasnear
northernFranceandFlanders,theprobableoriginoftheBarryfamily.
Thereportedancestralhomesofthesemenareconsistentwiththe
concentrationoftheBarrysurnameinMunster,andespeciallyinCork.
Thelocationsofthisgroup’sYDNAmatchesclusteraroundtheBarrys’
ancestralhomelandsinCork,WalesandNorthernFranceorFlanders.
Thenumberoflinesofdescentrepresentedbymeninthisgrouprepresents
alittlelessthanonequarterofthetotaltestresults,whichisconsistentwith
theexpectedratioofdirectfamilylinestothosethathaddifferentsurname
originsorNPEs.xxxiii
ThesecondgroupofinterestisR1b-L21.Whilethisisthelargestsubgroupinthe
project,thehaplotypes(STRpatterns)ofthesemenplacetheminanumberof
smallerclusters.xxxivTheseareshowninthechartonthefollowingpage.
Manyhundredsoreventhousandsofyearsseparatethesesmallersubclades,and
thusthegroupsofmencannotberelatedtoeachotherwithinagenealogicaltime
frame.ThisisconfirmedbySTRcomparisons,whichindicatenomatchesbetween
menoutsideoftheindividualclusters.Mostofthesesubcladesarefoundalmost
exclusivelyintheBritishIsles,withonlyoneortwoconfirmedmembersonthe
continent.MostoftheirmembershaveEnglishorGaelicIrishsurnames.The
numberanddistributionoftheirmostdistantknownancestorssuggestarrivalin
IrelandpriortotheNormaninvasion.Moreover,thecurrentevidencesuggeststhat
theBarryfamilyhadFlemishratherthanNormanroots,andthereisonlyoneL21
manoutofsome175intheFamilyTreeDNAFlandersandFlemishproject
ThelargestclusterinR1b-L21includeselevenmeninsubcladeZP112.Oneofthese
menlivesinSouthAfrica.HisancestorsemigratedfromEnglandbutthereisa
strongfamilytraditionthattheyweredescendedfromtheIrishBarrysandrelated
totheEarlsofBarrymore.Hehasaverydistantpotentialmatchtooneofthe
individualswhoseremainswerefoundintheBarrymorecryptatCastlelyons,Cork.
(SeeAppendixA.)TheothermenusethesurnamevariantBerryandhaveEnglish
ancestry.Allofthemeninthisgroupareprobablypaternallyrelated,witha
commonancestorsometimebetweenthe14thand16thcentury.Norecordshave
beenfoundtodeterminewhetherthatcommonancestorlivedinEnglandorIreland,
norwhetherhewasrelatedtotheoriginalAnglo-NormanBarryfamily.
20
ThereareninemeninsubcladeL159.2.Severalofitsmemberstracetheirancestry
toCountyLimerick.ThereisatraditionintheareathatsomeBarrysrelocatedthere
fromButtevant,thefamilyseatinthe17thcenturyandthattheyarerelatedtothe
ViscountsButtevant.xxxvThesemenalsohaveapossibleYDNAmatchtotheremains
fromtheBarrycrypt,butonethatisweakerthanthatoftheZ49group.Moreover,
thehaplogrouptowhichthelivingBarrymenbelongismorecharacteristicofIrish
clansthanofAnglo-NormanorFlemishancestry.Theimpliedrateofnon-paternal
eventsiftheseweretheonlysurvivorsofthatoriginalBarrylinewouldbeonthe
orderof6-7percentpergeneration,whichishigherthanwouldbeexpected.Itis
morelikelythatthesemenarerelatedtotheGaelicO’Bearghaclan,which
reportedlylivedneartheCork-Limerickborder.xxxvi
SubcladesofParticipantsinHaplogroupR1b-L21
ZP112
L159.2
L144/195
Z17983
L226
L270
L643
By3930
DF13
CTS4466
DF41_N
FGC17551
DF21
CTS4296
M222
Z253
SubcladeUndetermined
WhilethemenintheR1b-L159.2grouparegoodcandidatestobemembersofa
nativeIrishfamily,Irishclanswerenotnecessarilyhomogeneousgenetically.xxxvii
Thus,othergroups,especiallythoseinthevarioussubcladesofR1b-L21,couldwell
berelatedtotheO’BearghaseptofLimerickortheO’BearaofCountiesOffalyand
Mayo.TheseincludetwocloserelativesfromaLimerickfamilywhoprobablyarein
subcladeDF41_nandanothermanfromaLimerickfamilyinDF21.
Inadditiontothesemajorgroups,thereareothersmallerclustersfromhaplogroup
R1bthatarerepresentedintheBarryproject.Theseare:
21
Anglo-Saxon-GermanicCluster.Theindividualsinthisclusterareinhaplogroup
R1b-U106,whichsplitfromtheotherR1bhaplogroupsmanythousandsofyears
ago.TheirdeepancestryandrelationshiptotheotherBarrymenhaveyettobe
determined.
Unidentified,PossiblyIberian,Cluster.ThesemenareintheDF27haplogroupand
inasubcladegenerallyassociatedwithIberiabutaccordingtosomestudiesalso
foundinFlanders.Thereisoneindividualwhosetestresultsindicatethatheispart
oftheDF27group,intheZZ19_1subclade.LikesomeofthemenintheI1
haplogroup,thismanhasdocumentationofdescentfromColonelCharlesBarryof
Dublinthroughathirdson,CaptainCharlesBarry.Heisnotrelatedtotheother
menwhoserecordsconnectthemtothatfamilyandhisresultsdonotmatchthose
fromtheBarrymorecrypt.ThusheisunlikelytoberelatedtotheAnglo-Norman
Barryfamily.(SeeAppendixD.)
Ungrouped:ThereareseveralmenwhosehaplotypessuggestR1b.Theydonotfit
withanyoftheabovegroupsandhavenotdoneyetsufficientSNPtestingtoplace
theminacluster.OneofthesemenisadescendentofTadghO’Barryof
MassachusettsandtherehasbeenspeculationthathemaybepartoftheBarryRoe
branch,thoughthisisunsupportedbyanydocumentation.
ComparisonwithModalHaplotypes
ThereisastudyofhaplotypesassociatedwithmenofFlemishoriginthatisuseful
forthisanalysis.xxxviiiThereappeartobetwogeneralhaplotypes,onefrom
haplogroupR1bandtheotherfromhaplogroupI1,whicharecommontoFlanders.
Withinthesehaplotypestherearemodalvaluesthatestablishapatternpeculiarto
theFlemishregion.ThemodalvaluesfortheBarryR1b-Z49groupcomecloseto
thoseforFlemishR1b,withabetterthanevenchanceofacommonancestorinthe
firstmillenniumA.D.TheFlemishR1bmodalvaluesare,however,inconsistent
withthoseoftheL21clusters.ThemodalvaluesfortheFlemishI1grouparealso
generallycompatiblewiththoseoftheBarrymeninthathaplogroup,butarenotas
closeasthosefortheR1bgroup.
AcomparisonofthemodalhaplotypefortheBarryR1b-Z49clusterwithindividuals
intheFlandersDNAprojectwhoarepositiveforZ49oritsenclosingsubclade,L2,
suggestscommonancestrysometimeintheperiodfromabout300to900A.D.in
CentralandWesternEurope.AsimilarcomparisonfortheI1clustersuggestsa
latercommonancestor,duringaperiodencompassingboththeVikingexpansion
andtheNorman-WelshinvasionofIreland.
Inaddition,aresearcherhasdevelopeda12-markermodalhaplotypeforthe
Belgae,oneofthetribesmentionedbyCaesarasinhabitingtheregionofGaul
aroundFlandersinthefirstmillennium.Thatpatternisverysimilartothatforthe
R1b–Z49BarrysbutnottotheL21group.xxxix
22
Conclusions and Research Plans
Whilenoneoftheindividualpiecesofevidenceisconclusive,takentogetherthey
allowforaroughunderstandingoftherelationshipsamongtheprojectmembers
andofthelikelihoodthattheyarerelatedtotheAnglo-Norman/FlemishBarrys,the
IrishBarrysorotherfamilygroups.
Outofnearly140participants,thereareonlyfourmenfromfamiliesthathave
documentationofadirectrelationshiptothetitledmembersoftheBarryfamily.
DNAtestingindicated,however,thatthesemenareunlikelytoberelatedtothe
Anglo-NormanBarrys.Theyarefromthreedifferentpaternallineages.TheirDNA
testresultsdonotmatchthoseofremainsofaprobabletitledmemberoftheBarry
family.ThusthereareinconsistenciesbetweentheDNAresultsandthehistorical
sourcesthatrequireclarification.
Statistically,thelargestsubgroupintheprojectistheR1b-Z49cluster.TheR1b-Z49
groupshowsthestrongestaffinity,havingcommonancestorsbetween250and800
yearsago.xlThemembersofthisgrouphaveuniquesignaturemarkersand
documentedancestryinareasnearBarrystrongholds.Theyaredistantmatchesto
remainsfromtheBarrycryptinCountyCork,althoughthetestresultstodateare
insufficienttoconfirmarelationship.Moreover,thedistributionoftheZ49
haplogroupsuggeststhattheirancestorsarrivedinIrelandlaterthanthoseofthe
othergroups,whichmaycorrespondtotheNorman-Welshinvasion.However,
thereisnodocumentaryevidencethatthisgroupisdescendedfromtheoriginal
BarrysinIreland.
TheBarrymaninhaplogroupR1b-AP112isalsoapotentialcandidatetoberelateto
theearlyBarryfamilybasedonhisfamilytraditionsandapossiblematchtothe
remainsintheBarrycrypt.However,hislackofothermatchestomenwiththe
BarrysurnamevariantandthepaucityofhishaplogroupandsubcladeamongYDNA
testresultsfrommenwithFlemishancestryindicatethatmoreresearchisneeded
toestablishaconnection.
TheL21-L159.2groupismorelikelytobeassociatedwithnativeIrishfamiliesthan
withthoseofFlemishorAnglo-Normandescent,andthusmayberelatedtothe
O’BearghaclanofCountyLimerick.
SomeoftheothermeninhaplogroupsI1andL21mayalsobeassociatedwiththe
nativeIrishclans,whilestillotherprojectmembersappeartobeofScottishor
EnglishdescentandunrelatedtotheIrishBarrys.Theremainingmengroups
generallydonothavematcheswiththeBarrysurnameoutsideoftheirimmediate
familiesandthusmayhavehadnon-paternaleventsintheirlinesofdescent,some
ofthemmanyyearsagoandthusunrecorded.
23
ResearchPlans
Overthelongrun,plansincludethefollowing:
• ContinuetoanalyzeinformationfromtheremainsintheBarrymorecrypt
andinvestigatetestingotherremainsoftitledmembersoftheBarryfamily.
• ConductdeepertestingofBarrymenwhoareprojectmembersandrecruit
newcandidatesfortesting.
• RecruitmenwithconfirmeddescentfromboththeAnglo-Normanandnative
IrishBarrystoprovidebenchmarksforcomparisonofresults.
• ExpandthetestingofspecificSNPS,especiallyZ49andL21andsubclades.
• ContinuetoinvestigatetheE1b-M35,I1,I2aandR1b-U106andDF27results
toidentifylinesofdescent.
• RecruitcandidatesforautosomalDNAtestingtoprovideforthe
identificationofgenealogicalcousinsaswellasdirectmaledescendents.
24
Appendix A: The Earls of Barrymore DNA Project: Phase I Findings
PhaseIoftheEarlsofBarrymoreDNAProjectwasconductedfromAugust2015to
June2016.ItincludedforensicexaminationandYDNA(paternalline)testingof
remainsintheBarrymoremausoleuminCastlelyons,Cork,andanalysisof
genealogicalrecords,familyhistoriesandtherecollectionsofBarryfamily
members.Theresultswereconsistentwiththehypothesisthattheremainslocated
thereincludethoseofJamesBarry,4thEarlofBarrymore(1667-1748),andthat
therearemenlivingtodaywhosharehispaternalancestry.However,theevidence
wasinsufficienttoestablishthathypothesistoarigorousstatisticalstandard.
PhaseIFindings:
TheBarrymoremausoleumwasconstructedtohousetheremainsofJamesBarry,
the4thEarlofBarrymore.xliJamesBarry’sbodywasplacedinthecryptsometime
afterhisdeathin1747or1748;atthetimeofhisdeathhewasinhislate70sor80s
(sourcesvary).BarrymorebyRev.E.Barryxliistatesthathismemorialplaquewas
notcompleteduntil1753;ifthatistheyearthatthecryptwasopened,James’
remainsmusthavebeeninterredelsewhereuntilthen.Later,theremainsofother
Barryrelativeswereplacedinthecrypt.
Thecryptwasvandalizedmorethanonce,thefirsttimein1894orearlierandmore
recentlyinthepast10-20years.xliiiAccordingtoafamilymember,inthe1940s
someoftheremainswereremovedtopreventfurtherdesecrationandreburied
elsewhere.Norecordshavebeenfoundtoindicatewhichremainswereremovedor
wheretheyhavebeenreburied.TheplaquehonoringJamesBarryisstillinthe
mausoleum.Noothermemorialtohimhasbeenidentified,noranyrecordsto
indicatewhetherhisremainswereamongthosethatwererelocated.
WhenthecryptwasopenedinAugust2015twocoffinswerediscovered,alongwith
aplateindicatingthatanurncontainingtheashesofarelative,CharlotteSmithBarry,néeCole(1847-1933),hadoncebeenthere.Twosetsofremainswere
identifiedinthecoffinsanddesignatedBarrymore1andBarrymore2.
ForensicExamination
Theremainswereincompleteandhadbeenmixedinthecoffins.Theskullfoundin
thesecondcoffinappearedtofitamandibleandfirstcervicalvertebraofthe
skeletoninthefirst.Howeverthepossibilitythatitbelongedtotheskeletoninthe
secondcoffincouldnotbeexcludedbecausethoseremainsweremissingsome
cervicalvertebrae.Askullfoundinthefirstcoffindidnotfitthatskeletonand
showedevidenceofpreviouslyhavingbeenburiedintheground.Anecdotalreports
indicatethatitmayhavebeentakenfromremainsburiedelsewhereand
erroneouslyplacedinthecrypt.Nosimilarevidencewasfoundonotherpartsof
25
eithersetofremainsinthecrypt.Becauseofthemissingvertebraeinthesecond
coffinnoconclusioncouldbedrawnaboutwhetherthisskullfitwiththoseremains.
Theanthropometricpointsandallsuturesforthisskullwereobliteratedandthere
wasextensivecoverageofthescalpbydriedandmummifiedskin,thusobscuring
importantlandmarksforanalysisofageandgender.Twolefthumeriwerefoundin
thesecondcoffin;onefitwiththeleftulnainthefirst.Bothsetsofremainsshowed
arthritisandotherage-relatedpathologies.
Theindividualinthefirstcoffin(Barrymore1)wasevaluatedasanelderlymale.The
pelvisoftheindividualinthesecondcoffin(Barrymore2)showedamixoftraits,
whichprecludedidentificationofgender.Noconclusiveforensicevidencewas
obtainedtoidentifythetwoindividuals.Therewerenocoffinplatesorother
identificationmarkers.
TheestimatedagesatdeathofbothindividualsareconsistentwiththatofJames
Barrybutnotwiththoseofthesonswhosucceededhim.Oneson,JohnSmithBarry,diedattheageof59.Abrother,DavidJohnBarry,predeceasedJamesand
probablywasinhis60swhenhedied.Thereisinsufficientinformationonthe
husbandsofJamesBarry’sfemaledescendantstodeterminewhetheranyfitwith
theestimatedagesatdeathofBarrymore1orBarrymore2.Theskullpossibly
associatedwiththeindividualinthefirstcoffin,Barrymore1,showedaprominent
nose;portraitsofJamesBarryalsoshowaprominentnose.
Fivebonesamplesweretaken,threefromBarrymore1forDNAtestingandpossible
radiocarbondating,andtwofromBarrymore2forgenderidentificationandDNA
testing.
DNATestResults
DNAtestingconductedatFamilyTreeDNAindicatedthatBarrymore1wasamale
andthetestresultsareconsistentwiththehistoryoftheBarryfamily.DNAtesting
identifiedvaluesfor14YDNASTR(shorttandemrepeat)markers,confirminghis
gender.Theresultsshowthathewasamemberofhaplogroup(deepancestral
group)R1b,themostcommoninEurope.xlivAbout80%ofthemorethan120men
withtheBarrysurnamewhohavedoneYDNAtestsareinthathaplogroup.xlv
TheYDNAresultsshowpossibledistantpaternalrelationshipsbetween
Barrymore1andthreegroupsofmenintheBarryDNAprojectwhoarein
haplogroupR1b.(Table1)Thesegroupshavesimilar12-markerhaplotypes(STR
patterns),butdivergeat25markers.Twenty-fivemarkerresultsarenotavailable
forBarrymore1soitisnotpossibletodeterminetheprobabilityofrelationshipsat
thatlevel.
Thefirstisaclusterofabout30men,thelargestintheproject,inhaplogroup,R1bU152-Z49.R1b-U152isfoundinsignificantnumbersinthetestresultsformenwith
ancestryinFlanders,theprobableplaceoforiginoftheBarryfamily.Themenin
26
thisclusterhadacommonancestorinIrelandaroundthe12thcentury,whenthe
paternalancestorsoftheEarlsofBarrymorefirstcametoIreland,duringthe
Cambro-Normaninvasion.AncestorsofseveralmenintheZ49grouplivednear
BarrystrongholdsinCountyCorkbutnonehaverecordsshowingarelationshipto
theEarlsofBarrymore.
Table1:Comparisonof12MarkerSTRTestResult
(Non-matchingmarkersinbold)
STR
Values
Barrymore1 R1bZ49
Modal
R1b-Z49
Min-Max
Range
R1bZP112
Modalxlvi
DYS393
DYS390
DS19
DYS391
DYS385a
DYS385b
DYS426
DYS388
DYS439
DYS389i
DYS392
DYS389ii
13
24
14
11
11
14
11
12
12
14
12
31
13
24
14
10-12
11
13-14
12
11-12
12
14
12-13
30-32
13
24
14
11
11
15
12
12
12
13
12
30
13
24
14
11
11
14
12
12
12
14
13
30
R1bZP112
Min-Max
Range
13
24-25
14
10-11
11
15
12
12
12
13
12
29-30
R1bL159.2
Modal
13
24
14
11
11
14
12
12
12
14
13
30
R1bL159.2
Min-Max
Range
13
23-24
14
11
11
14
12
12
12
14
13
29-30
ComparingtheBarrymore1resultstothemodalvaluesfortheZ49groupindicates
thattheprobabilityofacommonancestorrangesfromabout20%over24
generations(600-720yearsbeforethepresent)tonearly50%over36generations
(900-1080years).IftheBarrymore1sampleiscomparedtotheminimumto
maximumrangeofvaluesfortheZ49grouptheprobabilitiesaresignificantly
higher.SeeTable2.ThemismatchesbetweenBarrymore1andtheZ49groupmodal
arefromthreerarevaluesinhisresults.ThesemaybeuniquetoBarrymore1’s
recentpaternalline;thustherelationshipmayactuallybecloser.
SNP(singlenucleotidepolymorphism)testsofBarrymore1forhaplogroupU152
andZ49wereunsuccessfulsotherelationshipremainsunconfirmed.
Thereisalsoapotentialmatchtoagroupof11meninhaplogroupR1b-ZP112.One
ofthesemencomesfromafamilythathasastrongtraditionofarelationshiptothe
EarlsofBarrymorebuttodatenodocumentationofthishasbeenfound.Allofhis
currentYDNAmatchesaretomenwiththeBerrysurnamevariantwhohaveEnglish
ancestry.FurtherresearchandDNAtestingarerequiredtodeterminehis
relationshiptotheAnglo-NormanBarryfamily.
AthirdpossiblerelationshipistoasmallergroupofninemeninhaplogroupR1bL21-L159.2whoseancestorswerefromCountyLimerick.Acomparisonof
Barrymore1’sresultswiththemodalvaluesforthisgroupyieldsresultsidenticalto
27
thosefortheZ49group,becausetheir12markermodalvaluesarethesame.
However,unliketheZ49group,theprobabilitydoesnotincreasewhenthe
maximumtominimumrangesaretakenintoaccount,sincethatrangedoesnot
encompassanyoftheunusualvaluesshownintheBarrymore1results.(Table2)
ThereisatraditioninCountyLimerickthatsomeBarryfamiliesweredescendants
ofayoungersonofaViscountButtevant,whowasofthesamepaternalancestryas
theEarlsofBarrymore;however,therearenorecordstoconfirmthisbelief.xlvii
AstandardworkonIrishsurnamesclaimsthatmostBarrysinthatregionwere
fromanIrishclan,O’Beargha.xlviiiR1b-L21-L159.2ismostcommoninthearea
aroundtheIrishSea,andhasnotbeenfoundamongdescendantsofNormanor
Flemishfamilies.ThusthisclusterofBarryprojectmembersprobablywasofIrish
decent,ratherthanCambro-NormanorFlemish,andlesslikelytoberelatedtothe
EarlsofBarrymore.
Table2:ProbabilityofCommonAncestrybetweenBarrymore1andBarryDNAProject
Groups(12Markers)
R1b-Z49 R1b-Z49
R1bR1bR1bR1b-L159.2
Modal
Min-Max
DF23 DF23 L159.2
Min-Max
Range
Modal MinModal
Range
Max
Range
Genetic
3
1
3
3
3
3
Distancexlix
24Generationsl
21%
65%
43%
43%
21%
21%
30Generations
36%
76%
55%
55%
36%
36%
36Generations
49%
84%
70%
70%
49%
49%
NoneofthefourmembersoftheBarryprojectwhosefamilyhistoriesshowa
documentedrelationshiptotheEarlsofBarrymorearegeneticallyrelatedto
Barrymore1.liTheyareeitherinadifferentmajorhaplogroup(I1)orhavesomany
mismatcheswithBarrymore1(5ormoreoutof12markers)thattheprobabilityof
acommonancestorinthepast900yearsislessthan1%.Therearealsogapsand
inconsistenciesintheirfamilyrecordsthatraisequestionsabouttheintegrityof
theirpedigrees.
Barrymore2wasalsoanolderindividual,whosegendercouldnotbeestablished
fromphysicalcharacteristics.DNAtestingindicatedthatBarrymore2wasamale.
VeryfewYDNAmarkerswererecoveredandhishaplogroupcouldnotbe
determined.ThetestresultsforBarrymore2indicateaverylowprobability(less
thanone-tenthofonepercent)ofapaternalrelationshiptoBarrymore1.(SeeTable
3.)HemayhavebeenthehusbandofafemaleBarryrelativeortheremayhavebeen
abreakinhispaternallinesuchasanoutofwedlockbirthorundocumented
adoption.Alternatively,Barrymore2’stestsamplemayhavebeencontaminatedby
28
vandalismordegradedbyage,ortheremayhavebeenatestingerrorsothatthe
resultsmaybeunreliable.AdditionalDNAtestingofBarrymore2isnotfeasible.
Conclusions
TheresultsofforensicexaminationandDNAtestingareconsistentwiththe
hypothesisthatBarrymore1wasJamesBarryandthathesharedacommon
ancestorwiththegroupofmeninhaplogroupR1b-U152-Z49.Theevidencetodate,
however,isinsufficienttoestablishthishypothesistoarigorousstatisticalstandard
ofatleast95%confidence.Additionalevidence,bothforensicandgenetic,maybe
ableconfirmtheidentityofBarrymore1andhisrelationship,ifany,toliving
individuals.Barrymore2wasunrelatedtoBarrymore1andtoanylivingmenwith
theBarrysurnamewhohavedoneYDNAtesting.Histestsampleisofpoorquality
andpossiblycontaminated.Itisinadequateforfurthertesting.
Table3:YDNATestResultsforBarrymoreSamples
(FamilyTreeDNA12MarkerPanel)
Haplogroup
STRValues
DYS393
DYS390
DS19
DYS391
DYS385a
DYS385b
DYS426
DYS388
DYS439
DYS389i
DYS392
DYS389ii
Barrymore1
R1b
13
24
14
11
11
14
11
12
12
14
12
31
Barrymore2
Unknownlii
13
15
10
13
16
14
14
30
TentativePlansforPhaseII:
Thefollowingarepossibleoptionsforasecondphaseoftheproject:
• ContinueeffortstoidentifyBarrymore1andassessrelationshipstoliving
individuals.Thesecouldinclude:
o Re-examinetheremainsforfurtherevidenceofidentity.
o ConductradiocarbondatingforcomparisonwithJamesBarry’sdates
ofbirthanddeath.
o Attemptfacialreconstructionoftheskullsforcomparisonwith
portraitsofJamesBarry.
29
•
•
o TakeadditionalsamplesandconducttestingonBarrymore1at
anotherlaboratorytoincludefullYDNAsequencing,orselectedSNP
testsiffullsequencingisimpracticalortoocostly.
IdentifyotherremainsofdeceasedmembersoftheBarryfamilyforforensic
andgeneticanalysis.
TestothermenfromtheBarryfamily,especiallythoselikelytoberelatedto
theEarlsofBarrymore,andconducthistoricalresearchontheirancestry.
30
Appendix B: The Origin of the Barry Surname and Family
AlloftheIrishsourcesonthehistoryoftheAnglo-NormanBarryfamilyagreethat
theprogenitorwasacertainWilliamdeBarri,ordeBarrywhoheldlandsin
Pembrokeshire,WalesandlivedinManorbierCastle.William’ssonsparticipatedin
the12thcenturyNorman-WelshinvasionofsouthernIrelandandwereconsequently
grantedlandsthere.TheybecameoneofthemostprominentfamiliesinCounty
Corkandspreadfromtherethroughouttheisland.TheIrishandContinental
Europeansourcesdiffer,however,ontheoriginofthefamilyname.
TheTraditionalViewinEnglish-languageSources
ThecommonviewontheoriginoftheBarrysurnameinEnglish-languagesources
hasbeenthatitisatoponymicorlocationsurnamefirstusedbydescendantsofa
companionofWilliamtheConquerorwhoheldpropertyinSouthWales.According
tothisview,thenamewasderivedfromBarryIsland,whichinturntookitsname
fromthe6thcenturyWelshsaint,Baroc(alsospelledBarucorBaroch).Thisisthe
origingenerallygiveninbothpublishedandonlinesources.liiiThemostprominent
bookonthehistoryoftheIrishBarryfamily,ReverendE.Barry’sBarrymore:
RecordsoftheBarrysofCountyCork,isthemostfrequentlycitedsourceforthis
conclusion.livTheprimarysourceisGeraldofWales(GeraldusCambrensis),a12th
centurychurchmanandmemberofthedeBarryfamily,whowroteinhis
ItinerariumCambriae(1191):
NotfarfromCaerdyfisasmallislandsituatedneartheshoreoftheSevern,
calledBarri,fromSt.Baroc…Fromhenceanoblefamily,ofthemaritime
partsofSouthWales,whoownedthisislandandtheadjoiningestates,
receivedthenameofdeBarri."lv
Gerald’sbiographer,BrynleyF.Robertsacceptsthisview.lvi
AContinentalView
Thereisanotherviewthatthefamily’snamepredatesitsarrivalinWalesandis
derivedfromthetownofBariorBarry,nearTournaiintheHainautregionof
medievalFlanders.lviiThisconclusionisbasedoninformationthatwasnotavailable
totheauthorofBarrymore,primarilyseveralFrenchgenealogiesofthedeBaryand
duBarry/BarryfamiliesthatwerepublishedbothbeforeandafterReverendBarry’s
bookof1902andhaveonlyrecentlybecomeavailableinEnglish.Oneofthemost
comprehensivecritiquesofthetraditionalpositionisafamilyhistoryprepared
originallyinFrenchentitledStudiesintheHistoryoftheFamilyBary-Barryby
CharlesdeBaryandpublishedin1927.lviiiAccordingtohim,
31
TheDutchgenealogist,JockheerW.C.BaertdeWaarde,doctor-at-law,who
wasabletoorganizethearchivesofTournai,foundtwooldmanuscriptsof
thetenthcentury.FromthemheextractedthatthefirstancestorsofBaryor
Bari,alsowrittenBarryandBarri,hadbeenleaders(dynastes)ofancient
originwhoruledovertheirlandsintheregionofTournai.
TournaiisintheHainautregionofmodernBelgium.IntheMiddleAgesitwas
sometimesindependentbutinthemid-11thcenturyitwasunitedwiththenearby
countyofFlanders.CharlesdeBaryindicatesthatanumberofnoblemenfromthe
TournairegionwerecompanionsofWilliamtheConqueror,includingaGuillaume
(William)Bary.ThisnameislistedinBurke’sTheRollofBattleAbbey.Burke’sbook
describesandprovidescommentaryonalistofparticipantsintheBattleofHastings
thatwasdisplayedintheperiodaround1090inachurchonthetraditionalsiteof
thebattle,butwaslaterdestroyed.lix
HealsoreferstoamonumentatDives,Normandy,erectedinthe19thcenturyand
basedonlocaldocuments,thatliststhenamesofsome475knightsincludingde
Barri.HenamesseveralknightsfromtheregionaroundTournaiwhotooktheir
toponymicnamestoEngland,asheclaimsBary/Bari/deBarridid.
M.deBarygoesontonotethatthefamilycastleatManorbier,nearPembrokein
Wales,wasbuiltin1190byanOdon(alsospelledOdo)Barriwhohadason,another
William,“oneofthebaronsfromPembrokeshireandfromtheislandwhichbears
hisname.”Insupportofhisview,deBaryalsodrawsonafamilyhistory,writtenby
AlfreddeBaryin1877andhousedtodayintheNationalLibraryofFrance,lxaswell
asarticlesintheJournalArchaeoloqueetGenaeologiquedeGersof1907and1913.
Hecitesseveralotherauthorities,bothEnglishandcontinental,whosharehis
conclusion.lxi.
FromWales,membersoftheBarryfamilycametoIrelandinthe12thcenturyin
whatisusuallydescribedastheCambro-Normaninvasion.However,theAnnalsof
theFourMasters,achroniclecompiledinthe17thcentury,describethe12thcentury
invadersas“Flemings.”lxii
AcompletegenealogyoftheduBarryfamily,dated1773andsignedbytheJuge
d’ArmesofthenobilityofFranceandCommissioneroftheKing,Antoine-Marie
d’HozierdeSerigny,wasavailableonlytoFrenchbranchesofthefamilyuntil
rediscoveredbyAndredeBary,thesonofCharlesdeBary.Itwasnotavailablein
Englishuntil1980,andthenonlytomembersofthefamily.TheduBarrysofSouth
WestFrancearedescendedfromtheIrishBarryLordsofOlethaninCork,thedirect
heirsofWilliamandPhilipdeBarryofManorbier.Andre’sgenealogybasedonthe
1773documentagreeswithhisfatherCharlesthatthefirstfatherofthefamilywas
OdonBarrifromBarry-sur-Tournai,1020.
CharlesdeBarydismissesGerald’sclaimthatthefamilyderiveditsnamefrom
BarryIslandinGlamorgan,whichinturnwasnamedforSaintBaroc.Henotesthat
32
Geraldprovidesnoproofforhisclaimthattheislandwasnamedafterasaintand
identifiesSaintBarocasacompanionoftheprophetJeremiahwhodiedinEgyptor
Babylon.CharlesdeBary’sexplanationforGerald’sclaimisthat,asadevout
clergyman,Geraldwishedtogivehisfamilynameareligiousfoundation.
InadditionhearguesthataknightfamousforhispartintheconquestofEngland
andWaleswouldhavenoreasontochangehisrenownedfamilynamebyadoptinga
newonetakenfromanobscureandbarrenislandoffthecoastoffarawayWales.
Thetwopossibleoriginsfortheisland’snamedonotsoundsimilarinthetwo
languagesoftheday:YnysBarocinWelshandIsledeBarriinNormanFrench.This
lendscredibilitytoCharles’scriticismsofGeralddeBarri’sversionoforigins.
Moreover,inanotherwork,SpeculumDuorum,Geraldnotesalmostcasuallythathis
brotherPhilipconversedin“Flandrensicalingua”withavisitor,sotheFlemish
languagewascertainlyunderstoodandspokenbythedeBarrifamilyof
Pembrokeshire.lxiii
ItshouldbenotedthatCharlesdeBarywashimselfadescendantofthebranchof
thefamilythatremainedinTournaiduringtheEnglishinvasion,andonlyleftthere
in1561.Accordingtotheirrecordstheoriginofthatfamilynamewasthevilleof
Barry,whichisjustafewmilesfromthecentreofTournai.
PotentialObjections
SomehistorianshavereservationsabouttheauthenticityoftheBattleRollof
Hastings.Somebelievethatitwasnotsomuchalistoftheactualparticipantsinthe
invasionasofthosewhomadecontributionstotheAbbey.lxivOnecommentatoron
theBattleRoll,theDuchessofCleveland,writingin1889,acceptsGerald’s
explanationofthefamilyname,butshedidnothaveaccesstotheFrenchsources
citedabove.lxvThenamesBary,Bari,Barre,BarrayandBarrydonotappearinJ.R.
Planche’stwo-volumework,TheConquerorandHisCompanions,althoughPlanche
acknowledges(p.276)thathislistisincomplete.lxvi
InhisrefutationofGerald,CharlesdeBarycitestheparticipationofadeBarriin
RobertFitzHamon’sconquestofSouthWales,butcitesnosource.However,itis
self-evidentthatmembersofthefamilyparticipatedintheconquestofWales,
becausetheyweregrantedlandsthere.
Theso-calledlegendofthetwelveknightswhoaccompaniedFitzHamonisnot
contemporaneousbutdatesfromthe16thcentury,andthusthefactthatBaryname
oritsvariantsdonotappearinthatsourceisnotrelevanttotheoriginofthe
surname.lxviiMoreover,thenamesofthetwelveknightsinthelegendhavebeen
showntobemostlyincorrect.
CharlesalsomayhaveconfusedthenameofanOldTestamentsaint,Baruch,with
thatofalocalholyman,Baroc,towhomGeraldwasapparentlyreferring.Butitmay
33
benomorethanacoincidencethatthefamilynamewassimilarto(butnotidentical
with)thatofareveredlocalmonk.
Ifindeedtherewasachangeinthefamilynameinthattimeitismorelikelythatit
involvedtheadditionoftheprefix“de,”denotinganaristocraticstatusthanthatit
originatedfromthenameofasmallandundistinguishedWelshisland.
TheBarrynamehasundergoneanumberofchangesovertime.Havingbegunas
Barri,itbecamedeBarri,andtheninIrelandchangedbacktoBarrythroughthe
processofAnglicizationasthefamilyceasedtospeakFrenchandadoptedEnglish
andIrish.The“de”prefixhasnoconnotationofnobilityinEnglish,andthuslostits
purpose.ManyjuniormembersofthefamilymovedtoSouthWestFranceovertime
intheserviceoftheKingofEnglandduringthewarsthereastheselandswerethen
underhisdominion,wheretheyreclaimedtheprefixtoindicatetheirnoblestatusin
aFrenchspeakingmilieu.
Atothertimesthefamilynamewaswrittenvariouslyas:deBary,deBarry,deBari,
duBarry,Dubarry,Debary,Barry,Barrie,Bare,Bari,Pari,Parez,andevenDewberry.
Conclusion
Insum,althoughuncertaintiesremain,thereisaconsensusthatthemostlikely
originoftheBarryfamilywasinFlanders.Itisnotableinthisregardthatthe
prominentCorkhistorian,PaulMacCotter,isinclinedtowardtheviewthattheBarry
familyhadaFlemishorigin,thoughhegivesgreaterweighttotheclaimthatthe
familywasnamedfortheislandandislessconfidentoftheveracityoftheearliest
generationsofthefamilyasdescribedintheFrenchpedigrees.lxviii
Whilethereisdisagreementabouthowandwhenthesurnameoriginated,themost
recentevidencelendscredencetotheviewthatthefamilyoriginatedinBarry-surTournaiintheHainautregionofmedievalFlanders,andisconsistentwiththe
continuedpresencethereofthedeBaryfamilyfrom1020until1561whenthey
wereforcedtoleavebytheSpanishduringtheWarsofReligion.
34
Appendix C: Non-paternal Events in the Barry Family and Other Irish
Families
IndeterminingwhichgroupsofBarrymenaremostlikelytohavedescendedfrom
theoriginal12thcenturyAnglo-Normanfamily,animportantconsiderationisthe
probabilitythatanyindividuallineofdescentmayhaveexperiencedanon-paternal
event(NPE),thatisadiscontinuitybetweenthesurnameandtheactualpaternal
lineage.Sucheventsincludeundocumentedadoptions,outofwedlockbirthsor
surnamechanges.IncomparingtheBarrylinesofdescentitisclearthattherewere
anumberofNPEsandthatmostofthemenlivingtodaywiththeBarrysurnameare
notpaternallyrelatedtooneanother.ThisisalsothecasewithotherIrishfamilies.
ThebestestimatesfortheannualrateofNPEsintheBarryfamilyrangefromabout
4percentinthecaseofthelargestclusterofrelatedmen(R1b-Z49)to7-8percent
forthenextthreelargestgroups,R1b-DF@3,R1b-L159.2andI1-L813.Inorderto
determinewhethertheseimpliedratesarereasonable,acomparisonwasmade
withdataforotherIrishfamiliescollectedbyBrianMcEvoyandDanielBradleyof
TrinityCollege.lxix
McEvoyandBradleyexamined19-markerhaplotypesformorethan1125Irishmen
with43surnames.Theyfoundthatvariationinhaplotypeswithinsurnamegroups
wascommon.Theycalculatedanimpliedrateofnon-paternalevents(whichthey
called“maleintrogression”}foronlyonesurname,O’Sullivanandderivedarateof
1.6percentpergeneration.Theyacknowledgedthatthisappearedtobeoneofthe
morestablesurnamegroups.lxx
WhileMcEvoyandBradleydidnotcomputeNPEratesforothersurnames,their
dataareavailabletoresearchers(seeendnoteforreference)andthussomerough
comparisonscanbemade.Usingtheirdata,estimatedNPErateswerederivedfora
groupofIrishsurnamesthathadresultsforatleast30participants,andcompared
tothosefoundintheBarryDNAProject.Toexpandthesample,resultsfromseven
surnameprojectsatFamilyTreeDNAwerealsoanalyzed.Thecomparisonwas
madebyexaminingthehaplotypesforthesurnamegroupsandassumingthatthe
largestsubgroupreflectedtheoriginalbearersofthename.lxxiThehaplotypes
selectedwerethoseusedbyFamilyTreeDNA,wheremostoftheBarryproject
participantshavetested.TheNPEratewasthenestimatedbyapplyingastandard
compoundingformulatothepercentageofmenineachofthelargestclusters,as
wasdonebytheauthorsfortheO’Sullivanfamily.
TheaverageNPErateforallfamilieswas3.6percentpergeneration,witha
standarddeviationof2.5-4.7anda99percentconfidenceintervalof1.9-5.2.The
ratefortheBarryZ49groupis4.2percent,slightlyabovetheaverage,whichwould
beconsistentwiththatsurname’smultipleorigins.ThosefortheZP112,L159.2and
I1-L813groupsare7.0,7.2and8.3percentrespectivelyandthusareoutsidethe99
percentconfidenceinterval.
35
Thereareseveralareasofuncertainty,sothesemustbeconsideredtobeveryrough
estimates.Itispossiblethattheindividualsinthesamplearenotentirely
representativeofthepopulationoffamilieswiththatsurname.Nineteenmarker
haplotypescannotprovidehigh-resolutioncomparisonsofrelationships.Thedata
providedbytheauthorsdonotspecifywhethersomehaplotypesrepresentthe
samenuclearfamily,andsomesurnamesmayhavemorethanoneorigin,asisthe
casewithBarry.Insomecasesthelargestclustermaynotreflecttheoriginalsource
ofthesurname.Also,someprojectadministratorsmaynothavegrouped
participantsintohomogeneouspaternalgroups.
Takingtheseuncertaintiesintoaccount,theratesestimatedherearegenerallyin
linewiththosefoundinacomprehensivereviewofincorrectlyattributedpaternity
in67studies.lxxiiThatarticlereportedthat,incaseswheretheputativefatherhad
highconfidenceinhispaternity,theoverallrateofincorrectlyattributedpaternity
averaged1.9percent.Includingstudiesinwhichtheconfidencelevelofthenominal
fatherwasunknownincreasedtherateto3.6percentforEuropeanpopulations.
Thislatterfiguremayaccountforfactorsotherthaninfidelitysuchasadoptionsand
surnamechanges.Ifso,thentheconclusionofthereviewwouldbeconsistentwith
theestimatethatthecalculatedNPEratefortheBarryR1b-Z49groupisreasonable,
whilethosefortheothertwocandidatesubgroupsareoutsidethenorm.
36
Appendix D: The Descendants of Colonel Charles Barry: Documentation
and Research Objectives
SeveralmenintheBarryDNAProjecttracetheirancestrytothefamilyofColonel
CharlesBarry(1660-1730),basedonfamilydocumentsandonlinefamilytrees.This
istheonlygroupofprojectmemberswhohavedocumentationofdescentfromthe
originalAnglo-NormanBarryfamilyinIreland,throughtheDungourney,Cork,and
Santry,Dublin,branches.Thefollowingisananalysisofthatdocumentation,the
resultsofDNAtestingoftheprojectmembersandkeyobjectivesregardingthe
evidencerelatedtothisfamilybranch.
DescendantsofCharlesBarry
TheavailableinformationonColonelCharlesBarryandhisdescendantsisentirely
fromsecondarysources,includingthreeprivatelypublishedmanuscriptsand
standardworksonthehistoryofIrishfamilies.Thefirstprivatelypublishedbookis
BarryLore,bySloanF.andMaryLou(Barry)Million(1993).lxxiiiBarryLorebasesits
pedigreeinformationonasecondwork,TheRecordsoftheBarryFamily,VolumeI,
byLaurenceH.Parker(1951).lxxivThethirdsourceisamanuscriptbyMichael
HenryBarry,HistoryoftheBarrys(1930).lxxv
Accordingtothesesources,ColonelCharlesBarrywasthesonofReverendWilliam
BarryandElizabethKellyandwasborn10May1660.Thereisconflicting
informationabouthisplaceofbirth.TheRecordsoftheBarryFamilyandHistoryof
theBarrysgiveitasGouldingsFreehold,Santry,Dublin.(Thislandwasheldby
WilliamBarrybutmayhavebeenmainlyagriculturalratherthanaresidence.lxxvi)
TheonlinedatabaseatAncestry.com,IrishBirthsandBaptisms,listsNewry,County
Down,whichisclearlyanerror.Burke’sIrishFamilyRecordslxxviinotesthatatthe
timeofhisbirth,CharlesBarry’sfatherwastheRectoratKillucan,CountyMeath
andthatCharleslivedinNewtowninthatcounty.However,ReverendWilliam
BarryalsowastheRectorofTermofeckinParishinCountyLouth,andleased150
acresatNewtowninthatparishatthetimeofCharles’birth,makingthatthemost
likelylocation.lxxviii
ThesourcesindicatethatCharlesBarrymarriedtwice,firsttoMarySimon,a
HuguenotwhosebrotherhadservedinthearmywithCharleslxxix,andsecondto
ElizabethKelly,daughterofJohnKellyandElizabethCuffeofKellycount(an
erroneoustranscriptionofKellymount),Kilkenny.CharlesandElizabeth’splaceof
residenceislistedasNewton,CountyLough(anerrorforCountyLouth).
TheprivatebooksprovidenodocumentationforCharlesBarry’ssecondmarriage
andthereisnoreferencetoasecondmarriageforCharlesBarryinBurkes.lxxx.There
is,however,areferencetoherparentsandhermarriagetoCaptainCharlesBarryin
thebiographiesofherrelativeswhowereMembersofParliament.Thesesources
37
giveheroriginasKellymount,Kilkenny,andCharles’residenceasNewtown,County
Louth.lxxxi
ChildrenofCharlesBarry
ThereiscontradictoryinformationonCharles’childreninthesecondarysources.
AccordingtoHistoryoftheBarrys,publishedin1930,CharlesandElizabethKelly
hadsixsons,John,James,Thomas,Charles,WilliamandRichard,andthree
daughters,Elizabeth,EleanorandMargaret.Thelatermanuscripts,BarryLoreand
TheRecordsoftheBarryFamilyciteunspecifiedevidencethatindicatesWilliamwas
theonlysonofCharlesBarryandMarySimon,andwasbornabout1683.
BurkeslistsonlyonechildofColonelCharlesBarry,adaughterThomasine.She
marriedJohnExshaw,aDublinmerchant.ThereisnoindicationwhichofCharles
wiveswashermother.NochildrenofCharles’marriagetoElizabethKellyarelisted
thereorintheHistoryandDescriptionofSantryandCloghanParishes.lxxxii
Thereisalsouncertaintyaboutthechildren’splacesofbirth.Thebooksindicate
thatsomewerebornatNewtown,Louth.Someonlinefamilytreesgivethelocation
asGouldingsFreeholdbutprovidenodocumentation.Asnotedabove,Burke’s
statesthatCharlesresidedinCountyMeath.Somesourcesdescribethelocationof
theBarrysofSantryasNewtownBarryinWexford,butNewtown,Louthappearsto
betheactualresidenceofCharlesandhissecondwife.
Thus,whilethesecondarysourcesprovidesignificantandplausibledetailon
CharlesBarryandhisfamily,thereissomecontradictoryinformationandasyetno
primarysourcedocumentationforthebirthofhischildren.lxxxiiiExtensiveresearch
intoIrishvitalrecords,deedsandwills,incollaborationwithseveralprominent
Irishgenealogists,hasfailedtoturnupanyreferencestoCharlessons’birth,
marriageorimmigration.Thisdoesnotnecessarilymeanthattheeventsdidnot
occur.Theymightnothavebeenrecordedortherecordsmighthavebeenlost.
However,theabsenceofanyrecordofthisfamilymeansthattheconclusionsinthe
publishedfamilyhistoriescannotbeconfirmed.
ImmigrantSons
Thesecontradictionsnotwithstanding,thethreeAmericanmanuscriptsarein
agreementthatseveralsonsofColonelCharlesBarryimmigratedtoAmerica.Alllist
James(identifiedasJamesBryanBarry),Charles,aseacaptain,andWilliam
(identifiedasWilliamTaylorBarry).SomealsolistThomas,butprovideno
additionalinformationonhim.Afifthson,Richard(1710-1750),wassaidtohave
livedinEnglandandwasreportedtobetheancestorofmanyAustralianBarrys.
Accordingtofamilyrecords,JamesBryanBarryimmigratedtoAmericain1732
shortlyafterthedeathofhiswife,MaryBuckner.Hebroughtwithhimhisson
JamesBucknerBarrywhowasbornon20February1728.
38
DocumentationofJamesBryanBarry’spaternityisbasedonanentryinhisfamily
biblethatisquotedinthemanuscriptsources:Thefollowingistherelevant
passage.
FatherdiedA.D.1730isthewordsentbyCaptainCharlesBarry.Charles
BarrywasbornMay10,A.D.1660;hewasabravesoldierandservedhis
countrywell.lxxxiv
JamesBryanBarrysettledinitiallyinVirginiaandlatermovedtoNorthCarolina.
Hisgreatgrandson,alsonamedJamesBucknerBarry,wasawell-knownTexas
Rangerwhowroteamemoir,BuckBarry,TexasRangerandFrontiersman,lxxxvThe
memoirstatesthathisgreatgrandfatherimmigratedintheearly17thcenturyinthe
wakeofanIrishrebellion.ThisisinconsistentwiththedatesinBarryLore.The
memoiralsolistsfamilynamesthatareinconsistentwiththoseinBarryLoreand
theothersources.ItisquitepossiblethatBuckBarryisinerror,astheauthor
providesnodocumentation.
WilliamTaylorBarryalsoinitiallycametoVirginiaandhadthreesons,John,Charles
andRichard.SomesourcesindicatethatJohnwasborninIreland,theothersin
America.John’sgrandson,alsonamedWilliamTaylorBarrywasPostmasterGeneral
underPresidentAndrewJackson.ThenameWilliamTaylorhasbeencontinuedin
laterbranchesofthefamily.CharlesmovedtoNorthCarolinawherehehelda
judiciarypostandRichardalsomovedthereandservedintheRevolutionarywar.
Charles,generallyreferredtoasCaptainCharlesBarry,settledfirstinVirginiabut
latermovedtoBostonwherehemarriedMaryRogers(listedasRachelinsome
records)andhadoneson,John.Hewaslostatseaabout1734andhiswife
remarried,toaCaptainMatthewBlairwithwhomshehadtwochildren.
OriginsoftheSantryBranch
AllofthemajorsourcesareinagreementthattheancestorsofReverendWilliam
BarryweretheBarrysofSantry,whoweredescendedfromtheDungourneybranch
ofthefamily.TheircommonancestorwasSirRobertBarryoftheRock,
Dungourney.SirRobertwasthesonofDavidFitzDavidBarry,3rdLordBarryand
MauddeBoultron.HemarriedJoanFitzThomasandlivedatDungourneyCastlein
theearly14thcentury.
Thesourcesdiverge,howeveronthedetailsofthedescentfromSirRobertto
Williamasshowninthechartonthefollowingpage.Theprincipaldifferencesin
theserecordsareasfollows:
• Burke’sIrishFamilyRecordshasanentryunderJamesBarry,thirdgreat
grandfatherofCharlesindicatingthathewas“apparently”thefatherofPatrick,
39
Charles’secondgreatgrandfather.Thismayindicatesomedoubtaboutthe
integrityofthepaternallineoralackofdocumentation.lxxxvi
LinesofDescentfromSirRobertBarrytoRev.WilliamBarry
BarryLoreand
TheBarry
FamilyRecords
Burke’sIrishFamily
Records(4thed.,
1976)
Barrymorelxxxvii
David
FitzDavid
Barry(-1347)
m.Maudde
Boultronlxxxix
SirRobert
Barry(-1345)
m.Joan
FitsThomas
PhilipBarry
JohnBarry
DavidFitzDavid
Barry(-1347)m.
MauddeBoultron
DavidFitzDavid
Barry(-1347)m.
MauddeBoultron
SirRobertBarry(1345)m.Joan
FitsThomas
SirRobertBarry
(-1345)m.Joan
FitsThomas
PhilipBarry
JohnBarry
SirDavidBarry
(Davidlistedas
fatherofJames)
SirJames
Barrym
Eleanor
Fitzgerald
JamesBarry
SirJamesBarrym
EleanorFitzgerald
SirJamesBarrym
Eleanor
Fitzgerald
JamesBarry
(“apparently”)
(Thisgeneration
notlisted)
PatrickBarry
m.JaneFoules
JamesBarry(1598)m.
Catherine
Burn
RichardBarry
(d.bef.1648)
m.Anne
Cusack
WilliamBarry
(-1695)m.
ElizabethKelly
PatrickBarrym.
JaneFoules
JamesBarry(1598)m.Catherine
Burn
PatrickBarrym.
JaneFoules
JamesBarry(1598)m.
CatherineBurn
RichardBarry(d.
bef.1648)m.Anne
Cusack
RichardBarry(d.
bef.1648)m.
AnneCusack
WilliamBarry(1695)m.Elizabeth
Kelly
James(b.1603);
Williamnotlisted
Colonel
CharlesBarry
(1660-1730)
Historyand
Descriptionof
Santryand
Cloghran
Parishes
David
FitzDavid
Barry(-1347)
m.Maudde
Boultron
SirRobert
Barry(-1345)
m.Joan
FitsThomas
SirDavid
(Davidlisted
asfatherof
James)
SirJames
Barrym
Eleanor
Fitzgerald
(This
generationnot
listed)
PatrickBarry
m.JaneFoules
JamesBarry(1598)m.
Catherine
Burn
RichardBarry
(d.bef.1648)
m.Anne
Cusack
WilliamBarry
(-1695)m.
Elizabeth
Kelly
Colonel
CharlesBarry
(1660-1730)
ThePeerageof
Irelandlxxxviii
David
FitzDavid
Barry(-1347)
m.Maudde
Boultron
SirRobert
Barry(-1345)
m.Joan
FitsThomasxc
SirDavid
(Davidlistedas
fatherof
James)
SirJames
Barrym
Eleanor
Fitzgerald
SirJames
Barry
PatrickBarry
m.JaneFoules
JamesBarrym.
Catherine
Burns
RichardBarry
(d.bef.1648)
m.Anne
Cusack
WilliamBarry
(-1695)m.
ElizabethKelly
Colonel
CharlesBarry
(1660-1730)
•
TheauthorofThePeerageofIreland,astandardworkontheIrishgentry,states,
(p.303)“TheaffinityofthehouseofSantrytothatofBarrymoretheEditor
cannotascertain,buttheirconsanguinity[is]universallyallowed,”suggesting
40
thattheconnectionmayhavebeenbasedmoreontraditionthanon
documentation.Rev.E.Barry,authorofBarrymore,themajorsourceonthe
BarryfamilyofCorkdoesacceptthisrelationship.
•
•
Barrymore,includestwoadditionalgenerationspriortothebirthofCharles’
fatherthatarenotinBarryLore.Italsocontainsinformationontheearly
ancestryoftheDungourneyBarrysandonthedescentoftheSantrybranchfrom
SirRobertBarryofDungourneythatdiffersfromthatinBurke’sandBarryLore.
InBurke’sIrishFamilyRecords,therearenospouses’nameslistedfortwoof
Charles’ancestors,suggestingsomedeficienciesintherecords.
ThusthedetailsoftheSantrypedigreeanditsrelationshiptotheDungournybranch
andhencetotheearliestBarryfamiliesrequirefurtherresearch.
DNATestResults
Todate,testinghasbeencompletedthroughtheBarryDNAprojectforfour
documenteddescendantsofColonelCharlesBarry.Thesemenaredescendedfrom
threedifferentsonsofCharles,asindicatedinthefigureonthefollowingpage.
ThereisonedetailedsetofYDNAtestresultscurrentlyavailablethroughFamily
TreeDNAfromamemberofthefamilyofJamesBucknerBarryandthereisaless
comprehensivesetofresultsfromaclosemalerelativeofhisthatisonapublicly
availablewebsite,YSearch.com.ThereisalsoanothersetofresultsonYSearch
fromamanwiththeBarrysurnamewhomayberelatedtothisfamily,asthereare
somefirstnamesinhispedigreethatarealsofoundinJamesBucknerBarry’s.
InadditiontotheresultsfortheseBarrymentherearetestresultsonFamilyTree
DNAforamannamedBarrywhosefamilywasfromMiddleton,CountyCork,notfar
fromDungourney,aBarrymanwhoseancestorslivedinCorkCity,andaman
namedBerrywhoseancestorslivedinAugustaCounty,Virginiaandaretracedin
someonlinefamilytreestoEngland.TherearealsoresultsonYSearchforan
apparentlyrelatedBarrymanwhosefamilywasfromCountyWaterfordand
anotherofundeterminedancestry.xci
TheDNAtestresultsconfirmthatthemenwhosefamilytreesincludeJames
BucknerBarryarecloselyrelated,andthattheyprobablyshareacommonancestor
withtheBarrymenfromWaterfordandCorkCity,andthemannamedBerrywithin
thepast300years.xciiThematchtothemanwhosefamilywasfromMiddleton,Cork
ismoredistant,anditisunclearwhetheritisvalid.Ifitis,thenthecommon
ancestorislikelytohavelivedsome700yearsago.xciii
TheDNAtestresultsindicatethatthisfamilyispartofhaplogroup(deepancestry
group)I-M253.Withinthathaplogroup,theyappeartobelongtoasubclade(more
41
PaternalLineageofProjectParticipants
ColonelCharles
Barry(1660-1730)
JamesBryanBarry
(b.1706))
WilliamTaylor
Barry(1683-1766)
CaptainCharles
Barry(1704-1734)
JamesBuckner
Barry(1728-1788)
WilliamTaylor
Barry(b.1727)
JohnBarry
(1735-1784)
BryanBuckner
Barry(1775-1852)
WilliamT.Barry
(1755-1794
SamuelBarry
(1761-1835)
BazelMurrillBarry
(1806-1880)
WilliamTaylor
Barry(1784-1835)
SamuelFrederick
Barry(1807-1868)
ErnestZimmerman
Barry(1858-1912)
AndrewJackson
Barry(1825-1865)
RobertPeabody
Barry(1839-1912)
NormanVincent
Barry(1895-1980)
WilliamTaylor
Barry(1858-1943)
RobertPeabody
Barry(1877-1925)
HughWesleyBarry
(1925-1903)
WilliamTaylor
Barry(1892-1961)
HoraceWolcott
Barry(1909-1966)
FTDNAID413908
(HaplogroupIM253-uN)
WilliamTaylor
Barry(1923-2010)
FTDNAID439945
(HaplogroupIM253-AS)
FTDNAID444552
(HaplogroupRZ19_1
42
recentsubgroup)calledI-L22uN,withtheuNstandingfor“UltraNorse.”This
groupiscloselyassociatedwithScandinavianancestry.
ThereareaspectsoftheDNAresultsthatareconsistentwiththefamilyrecords.
NorseancestrycouldbeanindicationofNormanorigins.TheBarryfamilyis
generallyconsideredtobeofAnglo-Normanancestry,havingfirstcometoEngland
withWilliamtheConquerorandsubsequentlytoWalesandIreland.SomeNormans
weredescendedfrom“Northmen,”whoinvadedNorthernFranceinthe10th
century.Also,therelationshipwiththeBarryfamilyfromMiddleton,Cork,ifvalid,
wouldbeconsistentwithaconnectiontotheregionnearDungourney.
Thereareothercharacteristicsoftheresultsthatwereunexpectedandraisethe
possibilitythatthegeneticancestorsofthisbrancharrivedinIrelandnotinthe
Anglo-Normaninvasionofthe12thcenturybutintheVikingincursionsinthe9th.
RecentresearchindicatesthattheBarryfamilymayhaveoriginatednotin
NormandybutinFlanders,wheretheI-L22uNsubcladeisrare.TherearenoYDNA
matchesbetweentheseBarrysandanyindividualswhoappeartohaveNormanor
Flemishancestry,butmanytothosewithNorse,ScottishorEnglishrootsandthe
lattertwogroupsareconcentratedinregionsofknownVikingactivitysuchasthe
westcoastofScotlandandtheDanelawareaofEngland.
TheclosestmatchestomembersofthisBarrygrouparetomennamedHowardand
DeanorDeen,surnamesconsideredtobeofNorseorigin.Therearealsomatchesto
mennamedChristopher,asurnamecloselyassociatedwithCountyWaterford,the
originofthegroup’sYSearchBarrymatch.WaterfordwasaVikingstrongholdin
the9thcentury,aswereCorkCityandDublin;Middletonwasonthemainroad
betweenCorkCityandtheVikingbaseatYoughal,Cork.ThenameofCounty
WaterfordcomesfromanOldNorsewordmeaning“fjordoftheram”or“fjordofthe
wind.”Somepreliminaryanalysisofmarkerpatternssuggeststhatallofthemenin
thisgroupmaybedescendantsofaChristopherlineorthatallofthefamilygroups
mayhaveacommonancestorwithanunidentifiedsurname.Inanyevent,there
appearstobeapaternalancestryrelationshipamongBarry,Christopher,Deanor
HowardmenfromWaterfordthatmeritsfurtherresearch.
ThetestresultsforthedocumenteddescendentofWilliamTaylorBarryindicate
thatheisnotrelatedthroughpaternalancestrytothedescendantsofJames
BucknerBarry.Althoughheisinthesamemajorhaplogroup,I-M253,heisina
differentsubclade,I-M253-AS.Thatsubcladeismorefrequentlyidentifiedwith
Anglo-SaxonthanwithScandinavianancestry.
ThisparticipantispaternallyrelatedtotwoothermenwiththeBarrysurnameand
thesemendonotappeartohaveanyothercloseYDNAmatches.Secondarysources
ontheancestorsofoneofthesemenindicatedthathemightwellbeadescendentof
WilliamTaylorBarry,andhehasautosomalDNAmatchestootherdescendantsof
thatbranch.Therecordsforthethirdman’sfamilyhavegapsthatprecludea
43
conclusionaboutadirectrelationship,butthecloseDNAmatchgivescredenceto
theviewthatallthreehaveacommonancestorwithinthetimeframethatWilliam
TaylorBarry’sfamilyhasbeeninAmerica.
TheapparentAnglo-Saxonoriginofthisgroupraisesquestionsaboutits
relationshiptotheearliestBarryfamiliesinIreland.I-M253-ASisuncommonin
Irelandandisalmostentirelyabsentfromgroupsthattracetheiroriginsto
NormandyandFlanders.ItismuchmoreconsistentwithEnglishrootsandthus
mayreflectsomediscontinuityinthefamilylines,mostlikelypriortothetimethat
theputativeancestorofthesemenarrivedinAmerica.
ThetestresultsforthedescendentofCaptainCharlesBarryindicatethatheisina
completelydifferenthaplogroupfromtheothersandthustheycannotberelatedon
thedirectpaternalline.HishaplogroupisverycommoninEngland,Irelandand
ScotlandandisfoundinFranceaswell.HehasnomatchesintheBarryDNAProject
butdoesmatchthreemenwhosesurnameisBerryandwhohadancestorsinNorth
Carolina,SouthCarolinaandPennsylvania.Thesearelocationswheresome
descendantsofCharlesBarry’shalfbrotherJameslivedbutthereisnoevidenceto
linkthesementohisfamily.HealsohasclosematchestoseveralmennamedMills
whohadancestorslivinginMassachusettsatthesametimeasCaptainCharles
Barry.
ThustheDNAtestresultsindicatethattherewerediscontinuitiesamongthe
ancestrallinesthatderivefromthethreeputativesonsofColonelCharlesBarry.
Whethersuch“non-paternalevents”occurredinone,twoorallthreelines,and
whentheymighthaveoccurred,areundetermined.Itisclear,however,thatnotall
ofthemenwhosefamilyrecordsshowdescentfromColonelBarryarepaternally
related.
AcomparisonofDNAtestresultsfromsamplestakenattheBarrymorecryptat
Castlelyons,Cork,againstthoseofthenominaldescendantsofCharlesBarryshows
thattheyarenotrelatedtothemenwhoseremainswerefoundthere.The
mausoleumwasbuilttohousetheremainsofJamesBarry,4thEarlofBarrymore
(1666-1748).ThepedigreesofCharlesBarry’sdescendantsindicatethatthere
shouldbearelationshipbetweenthemandJamesBarry,raisingfurtherquestions
abouttheintegrityoftheirrecords.
ExplainingtheDifferences
ThereasonsfortheinconsistencybetweenthefamilyhistoriesandtheDNAresults
arenotclear.Thethreefamilybranchesappeartobewelldocumentedbacktothe
early19thcentury,althoughthereisapossibilityofoneormorecasesof
undocumentedadoptionorincorrectlyattributedpaternity.Theearlierrecordsare
sparseandinsomecasesthehistoricalmanuscriptsprovidetheonlysourcesfor
documentingthelinesofdescent,soitisquitepossiblethattheinconsistencies
occurredinthefirstgenerationsafterthefamily’sarrivalinAmerica.
44
Ofthethreebranches,themenintheI-M253-uNgroupappeartohavethehighest
probabilityofanintactlineage,asitisthelargestgroup,thehaplogroupis
associatedwithScandinaviawhichisconsistentwithNormanancestry,anditis
descendeddirectlyfromtheindividualwhosefamilybibleprovidesthecriticallinks
toColonelCharlesBarry.Onepossiblecomplicationisthatthetwomiddlenames
associatedwiththisline,BryanandBuckner,donotappearananyoftherecordsof
theAnglo-Normanfamily,aswouldbeexpectedwithafamilialrelationship,andthe
Bucknersurnameisnotintheearly19thcenturyTitheApplotmentBooksorin
GriffithsValuationfromthemid19thcentury.TherearesomelistingsforBuckners
inCountyLimerickin19thcenturychurchrecordsandin20thcenturycensus
records.TherealsoarereferencesinsomefamilyhistoriestoBucknerfamiliesthat
emigratedfromIrelandtoVirginiainthe17thcentury.xciv
Therearemoreinconsistenciesandquestionsabouttheothertwobranches.Inthe
lineofdescentfromWilliamBarry,themanuscriptsourcesdifferontheancestryof
WilliamTaylorBarry,b.1874.MichaelHenryBarry'sfamilyhistorylistshis
grandfatherasJohnBarry,b.1852,whileBarryLoreindicatesthathisfatherwas
John'sbrother,alsonamedWilliamTaylorBarry.Thisisthelineagedisplayedinthe
chartabove.ThislatterWilliamTaylorBarryisnotinthelistofthesonsofthe
WilliamBarrywhoimmigratedtoVirginiainTheBarryFamilyRecordsorinJames
BryanBarry’sfamilybible,whichiscuriousinthattheentrylistinghisfirstthree
sonsisapparentlydatedseveralyearsafterWilliam’sreportedbirth.Moreover,
althoughthesurnameTaylorcanbefoundinIrishrecords,itdoesnotappearinany
ofthehistoriesoftheAnglo-NormanBarryfamily.Oneofthemeninthislineof
descenthasacloseYDNAandautosomalDNAmatchtoamanwiththeBerry
surnamewhomayhavehadEnglishancestrybutnocommonancestorhasbeen
identified.Theseinconsistenciesraisethepossibilitythattheancestorsof
PostmasterBarrymayhavebeenfromadifferentfamily.
InthelineagebeginningwithCaptainCharlesBarry,itispossiblethattherewasan
incorrectlyattributedpaternity.ThefamilyhistoriesindicatethatCaptainBarry
waslostatseain1734.Severalonlinefamilytreesgivethedateandlocationas19
DecembernearSulawesi,Indonesia.Atthattime,thevoyagefromBostonto
Indonesia,some12,000nauticalmiles,couldwellhavetakenseveralmonthsor
more.ThedateofbirthofCharles’sonJohnisgiveninthehistoriesas16June1835.
HewasthefirstchildrecordedasborntoMaryRogersBarryaftersixyearsof
marriagetoCharles.Ifthesedatesandlocationsarecorrect,theyraisethe
possibilitythatanothermanfatheredhimafterCharlesdepartedfromBoston.Asa
youngchildJohnwassenttoVirginiatolivewithhisuncleJamesbutsubsequently
returnedtoBoston.HismothermarriedCharles’partnerMatthewBlairin1739and
afterhisdeathmarriedJohnWhitney.Thus,whilethereisnodirectevidenceof
suchnon-paternalevent,thecircumstancesmakeitanintriguingquestion.
45
ResearchObjectives
Thereareseveralpotentiallyfruitfulareasforfurtherresearch,inbothtraditional
andgeneticgenealogy.Theyincludethefollowing:
• ContinuetoresearchsecondarysourcesonIrishfamiliestoclarifythe
relationshipbetweentheearliestBarrysinIrelandandthefamilyofCharles
Barry.
• Attempttoacquireandevaluateadditionalprimarysources.
• ObtainmoreDNAtestsofdocumenteddescendantsofCharlesBarry.
• CarryoutadditionalYDNAtestsforcurrentprojectparticipants,including
comprehensivegenometeststoclarifytheirrelationshipstoAnglo-Saxon,
NorseorNormanancestry.
46
Appendix E: The Barrivane Branch
IntheBarryDNAProjecttheBarrivanebranchisrepresentedbythreemen,two
brothersandoneclosegeneticcousin,whoshareaDNAsignatureandplaceof
origin,Theirfamilyiscloselylinkedthroughsharedlocationsandheritagetoother
branchesoftheBarryfamily,especiallytheBarryRoe(RedBarry)branchofWest
Cork.However,thethreemendonotappeartobegeneticallyrelatedtoanyofthe
otherprojectparticipantsandthusreflectahistoryuniquetotheirlineoftheBarry
clan.
OriginoftheFamilyName
BarrivaneisanAnglicizedversionoftheIrishBarrachBhan,orWhiteBarry.(Bhan
mayalsoappearinfamilynamesasBanorBawn.)This“agnomen,”orbranchname
distinguishesthisgroupfromotherBarryfamilies.HowtheBarrivanesurname
originatedisunknown,butagnomensoftenreflectedaphysicalcharacteristic,
perhapswhitehairorfairskin.Itcouldalsohaverisenthrougharelationshipwith
anotherfamilyhavingthatagnomen,whichwascommontoanumberofIrishclans.
GeographicDistribution
TheBarrivanesurnameisuniquetothewesternpartofCountyCork,andisfound
almostexclusivelyintheRomanCatholicparishofBarryroe,whichcomprisesthe
civilparishesofAbbeymahon,LisleeandKilsillagh.Barryroeparishislocatedinthe
BaronyofIbaneandBarryroe.Oftheapproximately260marriageorbaptism
recordsfortheBarrivanefamilyonirishgenealogy.ie,morethan98percentare
fromthatparish.TheothersaremarriagerecordsforBarrivanemeninnearby
ClonakiltyandRoscarberry(marriagesweretypicallyperformedinthebride’s
parish)andseveralrecordsformarriagesinSchull,inthefarwestofCork,forwhich
membersoftheBarrivanefamilywerewitnesses.This,andotherevidencedetailed
below,suggestsaclosehistoricalandgeographicrelationshipbetweenthe
BarrivanebranchandtheBarryRoebranch,afterwhichtheparishandbaronywere
named.
WithinBarryroeparish,therearefourspecifictownlandsinwhichthefamilywas
concentrated.TheseareBallinluig,Grange(orGrangeMor),LehinaghandShanagh
(sometimesspelledShenaghorSheanagh).Thelastoftheseisparticularly
interestingbecausethefullnameofthetownlandisShanaghobarrivane.Itis
derivedfromtheoldIrishSeanAchadhBarrachBhan,whichmeanstheoldfieldof
theWhiteBarrys.Thislocation,then,maybewherethefamilyoriginated.Itisthe
homeoftheancestorsofthetwobrotherswhoareprojectparticipantsandtheir
geneticcousinstillresidesthere.
ThefirstreferencetoShanaghappearsinthe1659censusfortheBaronyofIbane
andBarryroewhereitislistedashaving13inhabitants,allIrish.Thissuggeststhat
47
thetownlanddatesfromthe17thcenturyorearlier.Thefirstcitationinthechurch
recordsisforaBarrivanebaptismin1805.
FamilyRecords
ThefirstdocumentedreferencetotheBarrivanebranchisamarriagerecordfor
RichardBarrivaneandEllenHeain1772.OnefamilytreeonAncestry.comrefersto
aDavidBarrivanebornin1625butprovidesnodocumentation.Thenamedoesnot
appearinthe1659census,althoughtherearenumerousreferencestoBarry
familiesinthatdocument.Thenameappearstohavefallenintodisusebythemid1830s,andevenbeforethenitwascommonforfamiliestouseboththeBarrivane
andBarryvariantsinbaptismandmarriagerecords.TheBarrivanesurnamedoes
notappearintheTitheApplotmentListsfor1833,inGriffiths’Valuationinthe
1850sorinthecensusrecordsfor1901and1911.
ChurchandcensusrecordssuggestthatmostdescendantsoftheBarrivanebranch
remainedinIreland,intermarryingwithotherWestCorkfamilies,includingother
branchesoftheBarryfamily.xcvHowever,severaldescendantsoftheBarrivane
familyfromShanaghimmigratedtotheUnitedStates,settlinginPittsburgh(where
thetwobrotherslive)andinBoston.
GeneticMarkers
ThethreeBarry/BarrivanemenshareauniqueYDNA(paternalancestry)pattern.
Thebrothersmatcheachotheratthelevelof12STR(shorttandemrepeat)
markers,whichisacomparisonthatcanindicategeneticaffinity.Oneofthe
brothersandthecousinhavetestedto37markersandareanexactmatch.
Statistically,thissuggeststhattheyhaveabetterthan90percentprobabilityof
havingacommonancestorwithin6generations.TheyalsohaveanautosomalDNA
matchatthelevelof4th-distantcousin.Thecommonancestorhasnotbeen
positivelyidentified,butchurchrecordssuggestthathemighthavebeenanEdward
Barry/Barrivaneborninthelatterhalfofthe18thcenturywhohadseveralsons,
twoofwhommayhavebeenthedirectancestorsofthebrothersandtheircousin.
Thethreemen,however,donotmatchanyoftheotherBarrymenforwhomYDNA
testresultsareavailable.Itisnoteworthythattheydonotmatchthelargestcluster
intheprojectandinparticulardonotmatchtwomenwhosefamilieslivedvery
closetoShanaghandareprobablypartoftheBarryRoebranch.Moreover,the
threeareinahaplogroup(deepancestrygroup),I2a2,whichisnotsharedbyanyof
theotherprojectparticipants.Thissuggeststhateithertheirsurnamehada
differentoriginortherewasadiscontinuityinthepaternalline.
FamilyOrigins
48
ItispossiblethatthisbranchwasdescendedfromanancientIrishclan,O’Baire.that
heldlandinthefarwestofCountyCork.ThisclanwaspartoftheCorcaLaidhe
groupofseptsthatflourishedinthesouthwestofCork.1O’Bairewasoneofseveral
IrishsurnamesthatwereAnglicizedtoBarry.2Themostfrequentsurnamesamong
theDNAmatchestotheBarrivanemenincludeDriscoll,anothercommonCorca
Laidhename,anditispossiblethatthetwoclanshadacommonancestordating
fromthefirstmillennium.3
DriscollisacommonsurnameinBarryroeparishrecords.Inaddition,thereisa
townlandcalledBarryroeinCastlehavenparish,WestCork.Thatistheancestral
homeoftheO’Driscollchieftains,andtherewasaDriscollfamilylistedtherein
Griffiths’valuation.CastlehavenisclosetoSchull,whereseveralmembersofthe
Barrivanefamilyweremarriagewitnesses.Thusthereappearstohavebeena
historicalconnectionamongtheDriscoll,BarrivaneandBarryRoefamiliesinthefar
westernreachesofCorkaswellasinBarryroeparish.4
TheBarryRoelinedatesfromthe14thcenturyandthereisonerecordedmarriage
betweenRichardBarryRoeandadaughteroftheO’Driscollfamilyinthe16th
century,indicatingthatatthattimethefamilieswereincontactwithoneanother.
IntheDNAprojectsfortheDriscollsurnameandtheCorcaLaidhegrouptheI2
haplogroupmakesupasizeableminorityofparticipantsandthisisconsistentwith
ahypotheticalrelationshipwiththethreeBarry/Barrivanemen.
1MichaelO’Clery,OwenConnelanandPhillipMacDermott,TheAnnalsofIreland
(Dublin:B.Geraghty,1846),pp.176-7.
2TheothersareO’BeareofCountyMayoandO’BearghaofCountyLimerick.
3AnotherrecurringsurnameisAtkins.Someofthesurnameprojectadministrators
haveatheorythattheDriscoll-Atkinsconnectionmayhavearisenfromanonpaternaleventinthe17thcenturyinvolvingaDriscollmanandaQuakerAtkins
womanlivinginCountyCork.See:
http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/DRISCOLL-OF-CORK/201108/1314075155andhttp://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgibin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=gen_author&id=I2408
TheyalsobelievethatMullin/Mullins,asurnamealsofoundinthematchlistsofthe
threeBarrivanemen,isrelatedtotheAtkinsfamilyinAmerica.Iftrue,thiswould
meanthattheDriscoll,AtkinsandMullinsmen,whomakeupabout1/3ofthe
Barry/Barrivanemen’sclosestYDNAmatches,arepartofthesamepaternallineage.
4Griffiths’valuationlistsaJohannaBarryleasingfromaDriscollfamilyin
Castlehaven.TherewerestillDriscollandBarryfamilymemberslivinginBarryroe
inthe1901census.
49
Abreakinpaternaldescentcouldhaveoccurredinseveralways.Theremighthave
beenoneormoreadoptions.InsomeIrishclansitwascommonforfollowersto
adoptthesurnamesoftheirleaders.Therealsocouldhavebeendescentthrougha
maternalBarryline.Suchdiscontinuitiesinfamilylineswerenotunusualespecially
intimesofturmoilsuchasthewars,faminesandrebellionsthatplaguedIreland.
Indeed,thereisconsiderablegeneticdiversityamongthemenintheBarryproject,
suggestingthatonaveragesome3-4percentofthebirthsineachgenerationwere
such“non-paternalevents.”
TheclosestmatchesbetweenthethreemenandtheirDriscollgeneticrelativesare
33identicalmarkersoutof37.Thissuggestsa50%probabilitythatthecommon
ancestorwasbornsometimeintheearly17thcenturyanda75%probabilitythatit
wasinthe16thorearlier.Thisisconsistentwiththehistoricalinformationonthe
emergenceoftheBarrivanesurnameandthetownlandnamedafterit,aswellasthe
documentedDriscoll-BarryRoerelationships.Thusthereisapossibilitythatthe
Barrivanebrancharoseoutofanon-paternaleventintheBarryRoebranchinthe
17thcentury,ormorelikelyearlier,perhapsduringthetumultuous16thcentury
whendifferentbranchesoftheBarryfamilywereviolentlystrugglingfor
dominance.5
Assessment
TheBarrivanebranchisauniquegroupwithintheBarryfamilythatisgenetically
distinctfromtheothermajorfamilybranches.Itprobablearoseinorbeforethe
17thcenturyinWestCork,andwasfoundexclusivelyintheparishofBarryroeuntil
thenamefellintodisuseinthemid19thcentury.Descendantsofthefamilylive
todayinIrelandandtheUnitedStates.TheBarrivanefamilyappearstoberelated
paternallytotheDriscollsofWestCorkanditislikelythatitoriginatedthereeither
fromacommonancestorinearlymedievalIrelandorasaresultofanadoption,
surnamechangeordescentthroughamaternalBarryline.Furtherresearchis
requiredtoimproveourunderstandingofthisfamilybranch,itsoriginsand
evolution.
5Thereisaninterestingpassageonpage78ofthebookBarrymore:recordsofthe
BarrysofCountyCorkfromtheearliesttothepresenttimes,withpedigrees:
“ThepedigreeofA.D.1615inLambethPalaceLibrary,vol.626,fol.60,says:
RichardBarryroe,LordofYbawne,marriedadaughtertoO'Drischall,andhadissue
(1)JamesBarryroe,(2)JohnBarry,(3)Redmond,slaynebyDavyDowneBarry.
RichardBarryroe,LordofIbawne,wassucceededbyhiseldestson,JamesBarryroe,
LordofIbawne.ThepedigreeinLambethPalaceLibrary,vol.635,fol.194,isbythis
lord'sgreat-grandson,DavidViscountButtevantinA.D.1602,andomitsparticulars
humiliatingtobothofthem.”(Emphasisadded)
Thiscouldimplythatanon-paternaleventoccurredduringthatperiod.
50
Endnotes
iThestatisticalmethodfordeterminingsurnamesurvivalistheGalton-Watson
process.Accordingtothistechnique,ifthemeannumberofmaleoffspring
producedbyasingleparentisgreaterthanone,thereisapositiveprobabilityof
surnamesurvivaloverthelongrun.RecordsindicateaWilliamdeBarry,oneofthe
earliestmembersoftheAnglo-NormanfamilyinIreland,,hadsixsons.AGaltonWatsonsimulationofafamilywithsixsonsindicatesaprobabilityofsurvivalof78
percent.Seehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branching_processand
http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/GENCMP/2007-10/1191249071
iiSeeAppendixCforestimatesofratesofdiscontinuityintheBarryandotherIrish
families.
iiiTheEarlsofBarrymoreDNAProjectisacollaborativeeffortbetweentheBarry
YDNAProjectatFamilyTreeDNAandUniversityCollege.Preliminaryresultsare
summarizedinAppendixA.Adetailedbackgroundandreportcanbefoundat
https://sites.google.com/site/barrymorednaproject/.
ivThePipeRollofCloyne,Eds.PaulMacCotterandKennethNichols.(Middleton,
Cork,CloyneLiteraryandHistoricalSociety,1996).
"LordshipinCountyCork"byKennethNicholsinCork:HistoryandSociety,Eds.P.
O'FlanaganandC.G.Buttimer.(Dublin,GeographyPublications,1993).
vSomehistoriansallegethatWilliamhadabrother,Walter,whowastheprogenitor
ofanotherprominentAnglo-NormanIrishfamily,theFitzgeralds.Effortstouse
DNAtestingtoconfirmthisconnectionbetweenthetwofamilieshavetodatenot
beenfruitful.
viCassandraPotts,“Normandy,911-1144,”inChristopherHarper-BillandElisabeth
vanHouts,eds.,ACompaniontotheAnglo-NormanWorld(Woodbridge:Boydell&
Brewer,Ltd.)2003,p.22.
viiTheConquerorandhisCompanions;
http://archive.org/stream/conquerorhiscomp02planuoft/conquerorhiscomp02pla
nuoft_djvu.txt
viiiEljasOksanen,FlandersandtheAnglo-NormanWorld:1066-1261(Cambridge:
CambridgeUniversityPress,2012),p.14.
51
ixHainautwasanindependentregion,andarivalofFlanders,formuchoftheMiddle
Ages,butduringthedecadesimmediatelyprecedingtheconquestthetwowere
unitedthroughtheCountofFlanders’marriagetothewidowofHainaut’sruler.On
theparticipationofmenfromHainaut,seeK.S.B.Keats-Rohan,DomesdayPeople:A
ProsopographyofPersonsOccurringinEnglishDocuments1066-1166(Woodbridge:
Boydell&Brewer,1999),p.40
xThepopulationoftheareathatbecameFlandersappearstohavebeenlargely
Celtic,andassociatedwiththeLaTeneculture,priortotheChristianera.The
Romanswerepresent,butapparentlyinsmallernumbersthaninFrance,and
Germanictribesenteredtheregioninnumbersinthesecondandthirdcenturies.
TheareawascolonizedbyFranksfromthefourththroughtheeightscenturiesand
subsequentlyScandinavianinvadersarrivedwreakingdestruction,thoughleaving
fewpermanentsettlements.SeeDavidNicholas,MedievalFlanders(Londonand
NewYork:Longman,1992),pp.2-16.
xiAnumberofFlemishknightsfromWalesreportedlyparticipatedintheinvasion.
WhethertheBarryswereamongtheseisunknown.SeeOksanen,p.215.
xiiMichaelO’Clery,OwenConnelanandPhillipMacDermott,TheAnnalsofIreland
(Dublin:B.Geraghty,1846),pp.176-7.
xiiihttp://www.libraryireland.com/names/ob/o-beargha.php
xivhttp://www.libraryireland.com/names/ob/o-beara.php.Also,MáirtínO’
Corrbuî,Kenry:TheStoryofaBaronyincountyLimerick(DundalganPressa
Chlóbhuail,1975),p.4
xvhttp://www.ancestry.com/name-origin?surname=berry
xviSimilardiversityisalsofoundintheDNAprojectsforotherAnglo-NormanIrish
familiessuchasBurke,Butler,Cogan,Costello,Fleming,Nugent,RocheandWalsh.
Severalofthese,liketheAnglo-NormanBarrys,areconsideredtohaveasingleIrish
progenitor.Inadditiontothefactorslistedhere,itcouldbedueinparttosome
peculiarcharacteristicsofMedievalIrishfamilies,suchasmothersassigningfathers’
namestotheirchildrenorindividualschangingtheirsurnamesforsocialorpolitical
reasons.SomemembersofIrishclansmayhaveadoptedthesurnameoftheir
leader,whetherornottheywererelated,andinafewinstancestenantsorservants
mayhavetakentheirlandlordormaster’sname,thoughbothofthesepractices
wereprobablynotwidespread.SeeEdwardMacLysaght,IrishFamilies:TheirNames,
ArmsandOrigin(Dublin,IrishAcademicPress,1991),p.12.Inaddition,the
fosteringofchildrenwascommonduringthatperiod,aswasa“generalatmosphere
ofsexualpermissiveness.”SeeK.W.Nicholls,GaelicandGaelicizedIreland((Dublin,
LilliputPress,2003),pp.86-91.Later,forexampleduringthefamineyears,children
whoseparentsweredeceasedmayhavebeengivenarbitrarynamesby
52
ecclesiasticalauthoritiesorthedirectorsofworkhouses.Takentogether,these
factorshelptoexplainwhytherearesomanypaternallineagesrepresentedinthe
BarryandotherAnglo-Normansurnameprojects.
xviiTherearemanyreasonsforaninconsistencybetweenanindividual’ssurname
andhisactualpaternallineage.Theyinclude:
• Illegitimacyoutsidemarriage:boytakingmaidennameofmother
• Infidelitywithinmarriage:boytakingsurnameofmother’shusband
• Re-marriage:boytakingsurnameofstep-father
• Rape:boytakingsurnameofmotherorpartner
• Changeling,surrogacy,spermdonation,unintentionalembryo/babyswap:
boytakingsurnameofmotherorpartner
• Adoption,includingundocumentedor“hidden”adoptions,orphaningor
fostering:boytakingsurnameofguardian
• Apprenticeorslave:youthtakingsurnameofmaster
• Tenantorvassal:mantakingsurnameoflandlordorchief
• AnglicizationofGaelicorforeignname:mantakingtranslated/phonetically
similarname
• Formalname-change,e.g.toinheritland:mantakingmaidennameofwifeor
mother
• Name-changetohidecriminalpast,embarrassingsurname,orastagename:
mantakingunrelatedsurname
• Informalname-change,alias,by-name:mantakingnameoffarm,tradeor
origin
• Mistakeingenealogy,orinDNAanalysis
UnderancientIrishBrehonLaw(Féineachas),adoptionofadaughter’shusbandwas
commonincaseswheretherewasnomaleheirandthatmanwouldhavebeen
giventhefamilysurname.Also,thewifeofaninfertilemanwaspermittedtohavea
childbyanothermanandwomenwhohadchildrenbymenininformalmarriagesor
evenbriefliaisonswerepermittedtoassignthesurname.SeeGeraldA.JohnKelly,
“Non-paternalEventsinIrish&ScottishDNA,”
http://www.irishtribes.com/articles/2012-12-non-parental-events-in-irish-andscottish-dna.html
Seehttp://www.isogg.org/wiki/Non-paternity_event;alsoseeAppendixCfor
estimatesofnon-paternityinIrishfamilies.
xviiiAccordingtosomerecords,MocollopCastlewasheldbytheBarrysinthe13th
century,butpassedtootherfamiliesbeforebeingoccupiedbytheMcAdamBarrys
inthe19thasaresultofmarriageintotheDrewfamily.TheMcAdamBarrys,
accordingtofamilylore,weredescendedfromoneoftheearlyBarrysinIrelandbut
53
thereisnodocumentationofthis.ForahistoryofMocollopCastle,see:
http://celtic2realms-medievalnews.blogspot.com/2013/12/mocollop-castle-cowaterford-history-of.html
xixTheancestorbornin1765islinkedonsomeAncestry.compublicfamilytreesto
JohnSmithBarry,adescendentoftheearliestBarrysthroughthelineofJames
Barry,4thEarlofBarrymore.Thisconnectionisspeculative,andthereisnodirect
documentation.
xxThisspeculationappearsinletterfromWilliamCrockerBarryquotedinan
appendixtoTheBarryFamilyRecords,citedabove,p.125.Accordingtotheletter,
therewasaWilliamBarry,ninthgenerationindescentfromWilliamMoyleBarry,
progenitoroftheBarryRoebranch.ThislaterWilliamwasreportedtohavehad
threesons,twoofwhomweremurderedandthethird,namedMcTiege,whofledto
Massachusetts.TheonlyWilliamBarryinthatgenerationwhoislistedinthe
standardreferenceworksisWilliamofLislee,attaintedin1641forparticipatingin
theConfederateCatholicrebellion.Therearenoreferencestohishavingsonswho
weremurderedoremigrated.Thereisnootherevidencetolinkthislineofdescent
totheTadghO’BarrywhoappearsinAmericanrecordsandotherresearchers
indicatethathewasborninEssex,Massachusetts.
xxiThereisasimilardiversityinthehaplogroupsofotherprominentAnglo-Norman
IrishfamiliessuchasBurke,FitzgeraldandRoche.Variationinhaplogroupsinis
alsocommonintheFlanders/FlemishandtheBeneluxproject,whichincludes
Flanders,theplaceoforiginofmanyAnglo-Normanfamilies.
xxiiThesurnameandhaplogroupstudiesareconductedbyvolunteeradministrators
usingDNAtestresultsfromFamilyTreeDNA.TheFranceYDNAstudyisE.RamosLuis,A.Blanco-Verea,M.Brio´n,V.VanHuffel,P.Sa´nchez-Diz,andA.Carracedo,
“Y-chromosomalDNAanalysisinFrenchmalelineages,”ForensicScience
International:Genetics9(2014)162–168.Theresultsarenotdirectlycomparable
becausetheparticipantsintheprojectshaveself-selectedbasedontheirinterestin
geneticgenealogywhilethoseinthestudywerechosenrandomlytominimize
statisticalbias.
xxiiiThereisalsoagroupofmorethan30meninthishaplogroupwiththeBerry
surname.MostofthemhaveancestryinAugustaCounty,Virginiaandseveral
identifyancestorsfromNorthernIrelandandWales.However,noneofthem
matchestheI1Barrymen,andtheyareapparentlyinadifferentsubclade,ofAngloSaxonorigin.
xxivSubcladepredictionswerebasedonSTRpatternsandweremadeusingthe
WorldHaplogroupandHaplo-ISubcladePredictor,
http://members.bex.net/jtcullen515/haplotest.htm
54
xxvThisindividual’sfamilylivedatBallyduff,CountyWaterford.Themajor
landownerinthatareainthe19thcenturywasaCaptainJamesBarryofthe
“MacAdamBarry”family,althoughtherearenorecordsthatestablisharelationship.
TheMacAdamBarrysweresaidtohavedescendedfromRobertdeBarry,sonof
Philip,whowasthefirstoftheBarrystocometoIreland.Thereisno
documentationofthis,however;seeBarrymore,p.9.Ifthatwerethecase,thenthe
commonancestorofthismanandthepossibledescendentofCharlesBarrywould
havelivedmorethan700yearsago,amuchlongertimethanisimpliedbythe
closenessoftheDNAmatch.
xxviWaterfordwasthesiteofVikingincursions,whichmayaccountforthepresence
ofthishaplogroup.TheremainsofaVikingsettlementwereunearthedin2003
nearWoodstown,Waterford.
xxviiSomeofthemeninthisgrouphavedistantmatchestoothermenwiththeBarry
orBerrysurname,howeverthesematcheshavenotdonedeepancestrytestingand
thuswedonotknowwhethertheyareactuallypartoftheZ49grouping.
xxviiiMostofthesemenhavenottracedtheirancestorstoIreland,soitisnotclear
whethertheirsurnamevariantsoriginatedinIrelandortheUnitedStates.
xxixThesurnamesareDowneyandBell.DowneyisfoundthroughoutIreland.The
manwiththeDowneyancestralsurnameisadistantautosomalDNAmatchtoa
memberoftheBarryfamilyofBallymacredmond,WestCork.Downeyisespecially
associatedwithWestCork,andinthiscasemaybelinkedwiththefamilyofIllin
Downe,wifeofJamesFitzRichardoftheRath,whoheldtheBarryRoetitleinthe
16thcentury.ComprehensiveYDNAtestingindicatesthatthemenwiththeBell
surnamearedescendedfromacommonBarryancestorwhosefamilyimmigratedto
Americasometimeinthe18thcentury.
xxxIftheremainsattheBarrymorecryptareindeedamatchtothisgroup,their
commonancestormusthavelivedpriortothetimethatthisbackmutation
occurred,sincethetestresultsonthoseremainsshowavalueof12forDYS388.
xxxiTimetothemostrecentcommonancestor(TMRCA)isestimatedusingJames
McDonald’scalculatorathttp://dna-project.clan-donald-usa.org/tmrca.htmwithan
averageSTRmutationrateof0.0033andgenerationsassumedtobefrom25-30
yearsapart.Theestimatesgivenareforonetotwostandarddeviations(68-95%).
xxxiiTherearenoothersurnamesotherthanBarrythatarecommontomorethan
threemeninthisgroup.Oftheseveralsurnamesthatoccurinthreelists,onlyone,
Shortell,isofIrishorAnglo-Normanancestryandthatindividual’sfamilycamenot
fromCorkbutfromKilkennyinthe19thcentury.
55
xxxiiiSeeAppendixCforacomparisonofNPEratesamongtheBarrysandotherIrish
families.
xxxivTheassignmentstosmallersubcladeclusterswerebasedonSNPtestsand
matchesatFamilyTreeDNAandonR.Casey’sR-l21SNPPredictorTool,
http://www.rcasey.net/DNA/R_L21/SNP_Predictor/index.php.Theassignments
areprovisional,sincesomeofthemenhadnottestedtothelevelof67markers,
whichisrequiredforachievingoptimalresultsfromthetool.
xxxvJamesGreneBarry,J.P.,“AncientMuralDescriptions,CountyLimerick”inThe
ProceedingsoftheRoyalSocietyofAntiquariesofIreland,(Dublin:TheSociety,1892)
pp.50-52.Theclaimisbasedonamonument,constructedinthe17thcenturybyone
DonalBarrywhoassertedthathewasofthe“ancientraceofBarry”andincluded
theBarrycoatofarms,surmountedbyacrescent.Inheraldrythecrescent
symbolizesayoungerson,hencethebeliefthatthisbranchofthefamilydescended
fromasecondsonofanearly16thcenturyViscountButtevant.However,according
toBurke’sIrishFamilyRecords,thefirstthreeViscountshadnomaleissue.Itis
possiblethattheBarrysofLimerickdescendfromthegrandfatherofthefirst
Viscount,John,thefirstLordBarry,whohadseveralsonswhosenamesarenot
identifiedintheavailablerecords.Seetheinformationonthisandfollowingpages;
http://www.thepeerage.com/p11583.htm#i115824.
xxxviThereweretwoBarryorBerrysurnamevariantsthatmayrelatetothisgroup.
OneisO’Beara,whichisfoundlargelyinCountyMayoandisoftenanglicizedto
Berry(http://www.libraryireland.com/names/ob/o-beara.php.)Theotheris
O’Beargha,foundinLimerick(http://www.libraryireland.com/names/ob/obeargha.php).ItisalsopossiblethatthegroupisrelatedtoanotherIrishclan.The
YDNAhaplotypeforthisclusterisclosetothatoftheprominentByrne/Burns
family.Intheearly19thcenturytherewereBurnsfamilieslivinginthesamesmall
villageinLimerickasthoseofseveralBarrymeninthiscluster.Someoftheonline
familytreesforothermeninthisgrouptracetheirancestrytoSaggartparish,
Dublin.TheByrnesurnameisalsofoundinthatparishintheearly19thcentury.
ThereisavariantofByrne,O’Biorain,whichisfoundinEastLimerickanditis
conceivablethatboththeBarryandByrnemeninthisgroupofmatcheshavethat
surnameasanorigin.See:http://www.libraryireland.com/names/ob/obiorain.php.
xxxviiPádraigLenihan,ConfederateCatholicsatWar,1641-49(Cork,CorkUniversity
Press:2001),p.30
xxxviiiGeneticDiversityinFlemishY-DNA,
http://www.jogg.info/42/files/Deboeck.htm.
xxxixhttp://www.ysearch.org/lastname_view.asp?uid=&letter=&lastname=Belgae&vi
ewuid=AX6GA&p=0
56
xlTimetomostrecentcommonancestorwascalculatedusingtheMcGeeYDNA
ComparisonUtility,
http://www.mymcgee.com/tools/yutility.html?mode=ftdna_mod
xliHistoricalrecordsindicatethatJamesBarrywasadirectdescendentoftheBarry
familythatcametoIrelandinthe12thcenturyduringtheCambro-Normaninvasion.
Studiesindicatethatinsimilarfamilieswithwell-documentedlineages,some1-2%
ofbirthsinvolveanincorrectlyattributedpaternity.(SeeAppendixC.)That
suggestsa15-30%probabilitythattherewassomediscontinuityinthelineof
descentfromtheearlyCambro-NormanBarrystoJames.Forthisreason,additional
testingofotherdocumenteddescendantsofthatfamilywillberequiredfor
comparisonwiththeresultspresentedhere.
xliiPublishedbyGuyandCompany,Cork,1902.p.122
xliiiAfragmentofnewspaperdated1894wasfoundinoneofthecoffinsinthecrypt
duringaforensicexamination.Recentgraffitiwasalsofoundonthewalls.
xlivEstimatedusingAthey(http://stevemorse.org/dna/hapest.php)andNevgen
(http://www.nevgen.org)haplogrouppredictorswith12markers.Thefirst12
markerswereusedforthisestimatebecausethetwoothermarkerstestedwerein
higher-levelpanelsandtheothermarkersinthesepanelswerenotavailableto
providecontextforthecalculations.AddingthosemarkerstotheAtheycalculator
returnsavalueof85%forR1b;theNevgencalculatordoesnotyieldacoherent
value.
xlvSeetheresultsfromtheBarrySurnameProjectatFamilyTreeDNAat
https://www.familytreedna.com/groups/barry/about/background
xlviThistableshowsatotalgeneticdistanceoffourbetweentheDF23groupand
Barrymore1;however,twoofthedifferencesareonpolynomicmarkers(thosewith
multiplevalues)andaccordingtothe“infinitealleles”methodofdetermining
geneticdistancethesearecountedasasinglemismatch.
xlviiJamesGreneBarry,“AncientMuralInscriptions,CountyLimerick”inThe
ProceedingsandPapersoftheRoyalSocietyofAntiquariesofIreland,(Dublin,
UniversityPress:1890)p.50
xlviiiSeeRev.PatrickWolfe,IrishNamesandSurnames(1913):
http://www.libraryireland.com/names/ob/o-beargha.php
xlixGeneticdistanceindicatesthenumberofnon-matchingmarkers
57
l24-generationestimatefromFamilyTreeDNATipCalculatorbasedonindividual
mutationratesforeachmarker.30-and36-generationvaluesfromMcGee
Calculator(http://www.mymcgee.com/tools/yutility.html?mode=ftdna_mode)
whichusesaveragemutationrates
liThefamilyhistoriesarebasedonaprivatelypublishedbook,BarryLore,
https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE745209.Barry
Lorebasesitspedigreeinformationonafamilybibleaswellasontwootherprivate
works,TheRecordsoftheBarryFamily,VolumeI,whichisavailableonlineon
Ancestry.comandHistoryoftheBarrys,availableattheNewEnglandHistoric
GenealogicalSociety.ThepedigreesdifferinseveralplacesfromthoseinBarrymore
andinBurke’sIrishFamilyRecords.Theyalsoincludemiddlenamesforsome
individualsderivedfromthenamesofrelatedfamilies;however,thesenamesdonot
appearinBarrymoreorBurkes,orinotherIrishrecordsoftheBarryfamily.Inone
case,theclaimedrelationshiptothetitledmembersoftheBarryfamilymaybe
basedonfamilyloreratherthandocumentationandinanotherthereisapossible
discrepancybetweenthedateofdeathofaBarryancestorandthatofhisson’sbirth.
liiTheeightSTRvaluesavailableforBarrymore2areinsufficienttoestablishhis
haplogroup.Theyappeartorelatemostcloselytothreehaplogroups,O,QandT,
whicharerareinEuropesuggestingthattheremaybeerrorsinthederivedvalues.
liiiTheseincludethegenerallyauthoritativeBurke’spublicationsaswellasmore
generalsourcessuchasWikipedia(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_(name)and
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Barry_family),andtheIrishTimes
(http://www.irishtimes.com/ancestor/surname/index.cfm?fuseaction=History&Su
rname=barry&UserID=).
livRev.E.Barry,Barrymore:RecordsoftheBarrysofCountyCork,(Cork:GuyandCo.
Ltd.1902.(ReprintedfromtheJournaloftheCorkHistoricalandArchaeological
Society),p.2
lvTheItinerariumCambriaeisavailableonlineat:
http://www.archive.org/stream/itinerarythroug00girauoft/itinerarythroug00girau
oft_djvu.txt
lviGeraldofWales(UniversityofWalesPress,1982),p.8
lviiThereareotherundocumentedandthuslesscredibletheories.Oneonline
description(http://www.selectsurname.com/barry.html)cites,without
documentation,asmallvillageinNormandycalledLaBarreasthefamily’sorigin.
Anotherpurportedfamilyhistory(http://www.surnamedb.com/Surname/barry)
tracesthesurnametotheFrenchword“bari,”meaningarampartorcastle.lviiThere
isanonlinepedigreethatasserts,withoutdocumentation,thatthefamilyoriginated
intheprovinceofBariinItaly;thatclaimhasbeengenerallydismissed.
58
lviii AvailableinEnglishasStudyoftheHistoryoftheFamilyBary-Barry,withnotes
fromauthenticsourcesbasedonofficialdocumentsorotherhistoricalwitnesses.By
AndrédeBary,TranslatedfromtheFrenchbyEdwardO.deBary,Sewanee,
Tennessee1995.AlsoimportantisaworkbyAlfredXXXXX(fillincitation)that
includesagenealogypreparedinthelate19thcentury.Frenchauthorities
authenticatedthatgenealogy.Ashortergenealogy,dated1753,contains
corroboratinginformation.
lixSirJohnBernardBurke,Esq.,TheRollofBattleAbbey,annotated(London:Edward
Churton,1848)containsthreeversionsofthelist.TwoincludethenamesBarreand
Bari;thethirdlistsBaretandBarray.TheDuchessofClevelandincludestheBarrys
whoeventuallywenttoIrelandinherlistinTheBattleAbbyRollwithsomeAccount
oftheNormanLineages(London:JohnMurray,1889).Rev.E.Barryalsomakesthis
assertionbutbelievesthatthoselistedontheRollusedthenamesbywhichthey
wereknownwhenitwascreated,ratherthantheiroriginalnames.
lxAlfreddeBary,NoticeGénéalogique&HistoriquesurlafamilleDeBarryoriginaire
deTournay,enHainautetabliedepuis1806aGuebwiller,enAlsace(Colmar:J.B.Jung,
1877)
lxiTheseincludeFrenchhistorianAugustinThierry;J.deMastron,aresearcherof
thehistorichousedofFrance;CountBarthélemyCharlesduMortier,Ministerof
StateandmemberoftheBelgianRoyalHistoricalCommission;aDoctorde
Nathusius(notfurtheridentified);SirJamesHughSmithBarry,descendentofthe
EarlsofBarrymore;EnglishhistorianSirGeorgeF.Ducket.ThequotethatdeBary
citesfromDucket,however,doesnotseemtoappearinhishistoryoftheBarry
castleandManorbier,and,ifvalid,maybebasedonaprivatecommunication.
lxiiAnnals,part27athttp://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100005B/text027.html;also
JamesG.Barry,“TheNormaninvasionoftheIreland:anewapproach,”Journalof
theCorkHistoricalandArchaeologicalSociety,1970,Vol.75,No.222,p.106
lxiiiProceedingsoftheBattleConferenceonAnglo-NormanStudies:1980,v.iii,p.
148.
lxivSee,forexample,SirJohnWolfeBarry,K.CB.,F.R.S.,NotesonBarryGenealogyin
EnglandandWales(London:WaterlowandSons,Ltd.,1906).WolfeBarryis
apparentlythesourceofthespeculationthatthefamilynamecamefromLaBarrein
Normandy.
lxvDuchessofCleveland,p.167
lxviLondon:TinsleyBrothers,1874.
59
lxviiSirEdwardManselofMargam,AnAccountoftheCauseoftheConquestof
GlamorganbySirRobertFitzHaymonandhisTwelveKnights.See:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Knights_of_Glamorgan#cite_note-2
alsoseeRalphA.Griffiths,“TheNormanConquestandtheTwelveKnightsof
Glamorgan,”inConquerorsandConqueredinMediaevalWales(NewYork:Saint
Martin’sPress,1994),pp.19-29
lxviii
http://www.irishabroad.com/yourroots/genealogy/names/anglonorman/part3.as
p
lxix
BrianMcEvoyandDanielG.Bradley,“Y-chromosomesandtheextentof
patrilinealancestryinIrishsurnames,”HumanGenetics(2006)119:212–219
lxxThisisconsistentwiththeresultsoftheSullivan/O’SullivanDNAProjectat
FamilyTreeDNAinwhichnearlyhalfoftheparticipantsappeartocomefromthe
sameYDNAhaplogroupandsubclade.
lxxiTheanalysiswasperformedusingtheMcGeeYDNAComparisonUtility:
http://www.mymcgee.com/tools/yutility.html?mode=ftdna_mode
lxxiiKermytG.Anderson,“HowWellDoesPaternityConfidenceMatchActual
Paternity?EvidencefromWorldwideNonpaternityRates”CurrentAnthropology,
Vol.47,No.3(June2006),pp.513-520.Alsoseehttp://www.isogg.org/wiki/Nonpaternity_event
lxxiiiBarryLoreisavailableat
https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE745209.
lxxivAvailableonlineatAncestry.com:
http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=15596
lxxvHistoryoftheBarrys:anabridgmentoftherecordsofthefamilyfromtheearliest
timestothepresent(LosAngeles,1930).LocatedinthearchivesoftheNewEngland
HistoricGenealogicalSociety,Boston,MA.
lxxviHistoryandDescriptionofSantryandCloghranParishes,CountyDublinby
BenjaminWilliamAdams(Dublin,1883),p.24.
lxxvii1976edition,p.392.ThesamedateisgiveninHistoryandDescriptionofSantry
andCloghranParishes,p.101.
lxxviiiProtestantClergywhoservedinTermofeckin,TermofeckinHistoricalSociety,
http://www.fsigenetics.com/article/S1872-4973(15)30059-4/abstract
60
lxxixMichaelHenryBarry’smanuscriptgivesthedateofmarriageas16January1883
butprovidesnodocumentation.TherewereafewHuguenotofficersintheBritish
Armyatthattime,includingtheRoyalDragoons,butthenumberincreased
significantlyunderWilliamofOrangeduringtheNineYearsWar.SeeMatthew
Glozier,WilliamofOrangeandthereceptionofHuguenotSoldiersintheNetherlands
andGreatBritain1685-1688,https://publishup.unipotsdam.de/opus4ubp/frontdoor/deliver/index/docId/1895/file/militaer9_2_Btr0
1.pdf
lxxxFrederickAVirkuscitesessentiallythesameinformationinhisbook,Immigrants
toAmericabefore1750(Baltimore,GenealogicalPublishingCompany,1965),pp.
188-9,includingtheproblematicreferencesto“Lough.”HehasentriesforCharles,
JamesBryanandWilliamBarry,whomhedescribesas“probably”sonsofColonel
CharlesBarry.Virkusdoesnotprovidecompletecitationsanditisunclearwhether
hissourceswerethesameasParker’s,wereindependentlyidentified,orwere
simplybasedonParker’sdocument,whichhadbeenpublishedmorethanadecade
beforeVirkuscompiledhislist.
lxxxiGeorgeDames,Burchaell,GenealogicalMemoirsoftheMembersofParliamentfor
theCountyandCityofKilkenny(Kilkenny:Sealy,ByersandWalker,1888),p.74;
JohnLodge,Esq.,ThePeerageofIreland,GenealogicalHistoryofthePresentNoblesof
thatKingdom,vol.VI,rev.byMervynArchdale(CollegeGreen,Dublin,JamesMoore,
1798),p.59
lxxxiiTheonlineindex,Ireland,BirthsandBaptisms,1620-1911onAncestry.com,
listsaCharles,fatheralsoCharles,bornatanunknownlocationinNewry,Down.It
isnotclearthatthisisthesameindividualand,asnotedabove,thelocationis
inconsistentwithotherinformationonthefamily.
lxxxiii TheMillionslaterpreparedanotherwork,MoreBarryLorethatgives
informationfromaresearchtriptoIreland.Itdoesnotincludeanyinformationon
CharlesBarry,hisparents,wivesorchildren.Thebookisavailableonlyatthe
FamilyHistoryLibraryinSaltLakeCity,UT:
https://familysearch.org/search/catalog/oclc/866796873?availability=Family%20
History%20Library
lxxxivBarryLore,p.59.Thebiblewassaidtobeinthepossessionof“DavidO.Barry,”
arealtorinLosAngeles.ThiswasalmostcertainlyDavidNobleBarry,Jr.(18981987),adescendentofJamesBryanBarrythroughhisgrandsonMarkBarry(17701818).Thebibleappearstohavebeenlost.DavidNobleBarry’sgrandson,who
bearshisname,indicatedinanemailthathehadneverheardofthebibleandthat
hisgrandfather“wasanatheistwhowasopposedto[theChristian]faith.”
lxxxvEd.JamesK.Greer(1932;newed.,Waco:FriendsoftheMoodyTexasRanger
Library,1978;rpt.,Lincoln:UniversityofNebraskaPress,1984).
61
lxxxviAnotherBurkepublication,GeneralandHeraldicDictionaryofthePeeragesof
England,Ireland,andScotland, statesthattheBarrys,BaronsofSantrywere
“deriveditissupposedfromabranchoftheBarrymorefamily.”(p.637;emphasis
added)
lxxxviiRev.E.Barry,Barrymore:RecordsoftheBarrysofCountyCorkfromtheEarliest
tothePresentTime.WithPedigrees(Cork,GuyandCo.Ltd,1902)
lxxxviiiLodge,Esq.,ThePeerageofIreland,vol.I,
lxxxixCommonancestorofSantrybranchandRichardBarry,6thEarlofBarrymore
xciThisindividual’sfamilylivedatBallyduff,CountyWaterford.Themajor
landownerinthatareainthe19thcenturywasaCaptainJamesBarryofthe
“MacAdamBarry”family,althoughtherearenorecordsthatestablisharelationship.
TheMacAdamBarrysweresaidtohavedescendedfromRobertdeBarry,sonof
Philip,whowasthefirstoftheBarrystocometoIreland.Thereisno
documentationofthis,however;seeBarrymore,p.9.Ifthatwerethecase,thenthe
commonancestorofthismanandthepossibledescendentofJamesBucknerBarry
wouldhavelivedmorethan700yearsago,amuchlongertimethanisimpliedby
theclosenessoftheDNAmatch.
xciiFamilyTreeDNAcalculatesa50%probabilityofacommonancestorwithinthe
past9generations,witha95%confidenceintervalof3-21generations.Comparison
ofpedigreesindicatesthat,iftherecordsareaccurate,thatancestorcouldnothave
beenlessthan7generationsago.
xciiiThematchhasageneticdistanceoftwomismatchesoutofatotalof25markers
testedbut7at37markers,whichisconsideredtobebeyondthestandardfora
validmatch.Ifitwerevalid,however,thentherewouldbea50%probabilitythat
thecommonancestorlivedsome23generationsago(95%confidenceinterval1040).
xcivhttp://www.buckbd.com/genea/buckner.html
xcvTheintermarriageisreflectednotonlyinchurchandofficialrecordsbutalsoin
morethanadozenautosomalDNAmatchesamongthedescendantsoftheBarrivane
branchandothersfromBarryroeparishfamilies.
62