Warbixin ku saabsaan qiimaynta amniga iyo
Khilaafka
DEGMADA BURTINLE
December 2015
2015
QIIMAYNTA AMNIGA IYO KHILAAFAADKA DEGMADA BURTINLE
QORAYAASHA IYO DADKA GACANTA KA GAYSTAY QORIDDA WARBIXINTA
Ismaaciil Cabdullaahi (Cilmi-baare, OCVP)
Cabdulqaadir Saalax (Cilmi-baare, OCVP)
Ayaan Yuusuf (Cilmi-baare, OCVP)
Mustafa Ibrahim (Qiimeynta Xogta , OCVP)
Waxa turjumay:
Cabdulqaadir Saalax (Cilmi baadhe, OCVP)
AFEEF
Warbixintani maaha dukumenti sharci ah oo qabanaya machadka. Waa dukumenti qiimayn ah, kamana tarjumayo
aragtida ama fikirka machadka. Masuuliyadda wixii qaladaad ah waxa is ka leh cidda qortay warbixinta.
©Xarunta Ka-hortaga Khilaafka iyo Gacan-ka-hadalka
Dhammaan Xuquuqda Buuggan Way dhawrsoon tahay. Haddii aad u baahato daabacid, nuqul ka samayn ama
tarjumid daabacaadaha waxaad codsi oggolaansho ka heli kartaa OCVP – haddii dano iib ama baahin bilaa lacag
looga dan leeyahay – codsigaaga waxaad ku soo hagaajin kartaa ama aad ku soo diri kartaa eemaylka OCVP (email:
[email protected]). Daabacaadaha OCVP waxaa laga heli karaa Xafiisyada OCVP ee ku yaala Garowe, Puntland, ama
waxaad kala soo degi kartaa barta shabakaddayada www.ocvp.org
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OBSERVATORY OF CONFLICT AND VIOLENCE PREVENTION
MAHADNAQ
Xarunta ka hortagga khilaafka iyo gacan-ka-hadalka waxa ay u mahadnaqaysaa dadkii ka qayb qaatay xogururinta. Kuwaasoo na siiyay waqtigooda qaaliga ah, nala wadaagay fikirkooda ku aadan arrimaha
xaasaasiga ah.
Sidoo kale waxa aan u mahad celinayaa Waaxda Horumarinta Caalamiga ah ee Boqortooyada Ingiriiska
(DFID), oo naga siiyey taageerada maaliyadeed ee aanu u baahanay si aanu u fulino xog-waraysigan iyada
oo deeqdaasi la soo mariyey Barnaamijka Horumarinta Qarammada Midoobay ee loogu talogalay (UNDP)
Soomaaliya.
Ugu danbeyn, waxa aanu aad ugu mahad celinaynaa Dawlada Hoose ee Degmada Burtinle oggoalaanshihii
ayna siiyeen inaannu ku qabano qiimeeyntan degmada.
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QIIMAYNTA AMNIGA IYO KHLAAFAADKA DEGMADA BURTINLE
EREYO SOO GAABIN
DCSA
DFID
FGDs
GBV
IDPs
KIIs
OCVP
ODK
SRS
UNDP
District Conflict and Security Assessment
Department for International Development
Focus Group Discussions
Gender Based Violence
Internally Displaced Persons
Key Informant Interviews
Observatory of Conflict and Violence Prevention
Open Data Kit
Systematic Random Sampling
United Nations Development Programme
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XARUNTA LA SOCOSHADA, KA HORTAGA KHILAAFKA IYO RABSHADAHA
TUSMO
MAHADNAQ............................................................................................................................................................. III
EREYO SOO GAABIN ............................................................................................................................................. IV
TUSMO ........................................................................................................................................................................ V
TAXANAHA JAANTUSYADA...............................................................................................................................VII
TAXANAHA SHAXAHA ......................................................................................................................................... IX
KHARIIDADA DEGMADA BURTINLE ................................................................................................................. X
TAARIIKHDA DEGMADA ....................................................................................................................................... X
XADKA CILMI- BAARISTA .................................................................................................................................. XII
NUXURKA WARBIXINTA .................................................................................................................................. XIII
Adeegga Amniga .......................................................................................................................................................... xiii
Adeegga Garsoorka...................................................................................................................................................... xiv
Addeegga Maamulka .................................................................................................................................................... xv
Khilaafka iyo Gacan-ka-hadalka ................................................................................................................................... xvi
1.
HANAANKA LOO SAMEEYEY CILMI-BAARISTA ..................................................................................... 1
1.1.
Guudmar ........................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Habka Muunadda Daraasada ................................................................................................................................... 1
1.3Sahanka qoysaska ..................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2.
Dood-kooxeedka ............................................................................................................................................... 2
1.2.
Waraysiyo Xogogaaleedka ................................................................................................................................. 2
ADEEGYADA AMNIGA, GARSOORKAIYOMAAMULKA ................................................................................. 5
3.1.
Adeegga Amniga ............................................................................................................................................... 5
3.1.1. Heerka Hawlgalka.............................................................................................................................................. 5
3.1.2.
Heerka Kalsoonida Adeegayaasha Amniga (Kuwa Dawliga ah iyo Kuwa Aan Ahayn)..............................9
3.1.3.
Waxqabadka Booliska .........................................................................................................................................12
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QIIMAYNTA AMNIGA IYO KHLAAFAADKA DEGMADA BURTINLE
3.1
ADEEGGA GARSOORKA .................................................................................................................................15
3.2.1
Heerka Hawlgalka ................................................................................................................................................15
3.2.2
Waxqabadka Garsoorka ......................................................................................................................................16
3.2.3
Aragtida laga Qabo Adeegayasha Garsoorka ..................................................................................................19
3.3 ADEEGGA MAAMULKA.........................................................................................................................................22
3.3.1 Heerka Hawlgalka ........................................................................................................................................................22
3.3.2. Waxqabadka Golaha Degaanka ................................................................................................................................23
3.3.4 Sida loo arko golaha deegaanka ................................................................................................................................27
4.
KHILAAFKA IYO GACAN-KA-HADALKA ................................................................................................ 32
4.1.
Ka warhaynta khilaafka ....................................................................................................................................32
4.2.
Aragtida khilaaf dhacay ................................................................................................................................32
4.2.1.
Dhibanayaasha khilaafka iyo rabshadaha.......................................................................................................35
4.3.
Aragtida khilaaf ama rabshado dhacay .............................................................................................................35
4.4.
Sida loo arko amaanka .....................................................................................................................................36
5.
GEBOGEBO...................................................................................................................................................... 39
6.
LIFAAQ ............................................................................................................................................................. 41
6.1.
6.2
Saldhigga Muunadda Daraasadda .........................................................................................................................41
LIISKA ERAY-BIXINTA ..............................................................................................................................................42
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XARUNTA LA SOCOSHADA, KA HORTAGA KHILAAFKA IYO RABSHADAHA
TAXANAHA JAANTUSYADA
Jaantuska1: Jinsiga Jawaab-bixiyayaasha ...................................................................................................................... 3
Jaantuska 2: Da’da Jinsi ee Jawaab-bixiyayaasha .......................................................................................................... 3
Jaantuska3: Xaaladda Guur ee Jawaab-bixiyayaasha .................................................................................................... 3
Jaantuska4: Heerka Waxbarasho ee Jawaab-bixiyayasha ............................................................................................. 4
Jaantuska 5: Heerka Waxbarashada Jinsi ee Jawaab-bixiyayaasha .............................................................................. 4
Jaantuska7: La-socodka Joogitanka Boolis Heer Jinsi .................................................................................................... 5
Jaantuska 8: La-socodka Joogitaanka Booliska ee Heer Xaafadeed .............................................................................. 6
Jaantuska9: Ogaalka Jawaab-bixiyeyaasha Tirada Saldhigyada Boolis ee Jira .............................................................. 6
Jaantuska 10: Qiimeynta Jawaab-bixiyeyaasha ee Fogaanta Saldhigga Booliska ......................................................... 6
Jaantuska11: Qiimeynta Fogaanta Saldhigga Booliska ee Jawaab-bixiyeyaasha- Heer Xaafadeed .............................. 7
Jaantuska12: Doorbidka La-wareystayaasha Gudbinta Dacwadaha Madaniga ah ....................................................... 8
Jaantuska13: Doorbidka Jinsiga ee Gudbinta Dacwadaha Madaniga ah ...................................................................... 8
Jaantuska14: Doorbidka Jawaab-bixiyeyaasha Gudbinta DacwadahaDembiyada Fudud ............................................ 8
Jaantuska15: Doorbidka Jinsiga Gudbinta Dacwadaha Dembiyada Fudud ................................................................... 9
Jaantuska16: Doorbidka Jawaab-bixiyeyaasha Gudbinta Dacwadaha Dembiyada Culus ............................................. 9
Jaantuska17: Doorbidka Jinsi ee Gudbinta Dacwadaha Dembiyada Culus ................................................................... 9
Jaantuska18: Qiimeynta Kalsoonida Adeegayaasha Amniga Dhinaca Falcelinta Dembiyada iyo Gacan-ka-hadalka . 10
Jaantuska19: Qiimeynta Kalsoonida Jinsi ee Adeegayaasha Amniga Dhinaca Falcelinta Dembiyada iyo Gacan-kahadalka ........................................................................................................................................................................ 11
Jaantuska20: Heerka Kalsoonida loo Hayo Booliska ................................................................................................... 12
Jaantuska21: Heerka Kalsoonida jinsi ee loo Hayo Booliska ....................................................................................... 12
Jaantuska22: Aragtida La-wareystayaasha ee Waqabad-sannadeedka Booliska ....................................................... 13
Jaantuska23: Aragtida La-wareystayaasha ee Waxqabad-sannadeed Booliska-Heer Jinsi......................................... 13
Jaantuska24: Aragtida La-wareystayaasha ee Waxqabad-sannadeedka Booliska-Heer Xaafadeed .......................... 14
Jaantuska25: La Socodka Jiritaanka Maxkamado Dawli ah ......................................................................................... 15
Jaantuska26: La-socodka Jinsi ee Jiritaanka Maxkamado Dawli ah ............................................................................ 15
Jaantuska27: La Socodka Jiritaanka Maxkamado Dawli ah-Heer Xaafadeed .............................................................. 16
Jaantuska28: La-socodka La-wareystayaasha Tirada Maxkamadaha Jira ................................................................... 16
Jaantuska29: Qiyaasta La-wareystayaasha Fogaanta Maxkamadda ........................................................................... 16
Jaantuska30: Isticmaalka Adeegayaasha Kala Duwan ee Garsoorka .......................................................................... 17
Jaantuska31: Isticmaalka Jinsi ee Adeegayaasha Garsoorka....................................................................................... 17
Jaantuska32: Soosaarka Go’aannada .......................................................................................................................... 18
Jaantuska33: Fulinta Go’aannada ............................................................................................................................... 18
Jaantuska 34: Qiimeynta Kalsoonida Adeegayaasha Garsoorka ................................................................................. 19
Jaantuska35: Xulashada Jinsi ee Adeegayaasha Garsoor ee loogu Kalsooni Badan Yahay ......................................... 20
Jaantuska36: Heerka Kalsoonida La-wareystayaashu ku Qabaan Nidaamka Garsoor ee Rasmiga ah........................ 20
Jaantuska37: Kalsoonida Lagu Qabo Nidaamka Garsoor ee Rasmiga ah-Heer Jinsi ................................................... 21
Jaantuska38: Aragtida Waxqabad-sannadeedka Maxkamadaha Dawliga ah ............................................................. 21
Jaantuska39: Aragtida Waxqabad-sannadeedka Maxkamadaha Dawliga-Heer Jinsi ................................................. 21
Jaantuska40: La-socodka Jawaab-bixiyeyaasha Jiritaanka Golaha Degaanka ............................................................. 22
Jaantuska41: La-socodkaJinsiga ee Jiritaanka Golaha Deegaanka .............................................................................. 23
Jaantuska42: La-socodka Jawaab-bixiyeyaasha Jiritaanka Golaha Degaanka-Heer Xaafadeed ................................. 23
Jaantuska43: La-socodkaJawaab-bixiyaasha Adeegyada Golaha Degaanka ............................................................... 23
Jaantuska44: La-socodkaJawaab-bixiyaasha ee Jiritaanka xiriirro Dadweyne ............................................................ 24
Jaantuska45: La-socodka Heer Jinsi ee Jiritaanka xiriirro ay Golaha Degaanku La Leeyahay Dadweynaha ............... 25
Jaantuska46: Ka warhaynta jawab bixiyaasha ee siyaabaha kala duwan ee loola xidhiidho golaha deegaanka........ 25
Jaantuska47: ka qaybgalka jawaab bixiyaasha ee kulamada lala yeesho maamulka degmada ................................. 25
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QIIMAYNTA AMNIGA IYO KHLAAFAADKA DEGMADA BURTINLE
Jaantuska48: Ka qaybgalka jawaab bixiyaasha ragga iyo haweenka ah ee kulamada maamulka degmada .............. 26
Jaantuska49: Ka qaybqaadashada jawaab-bixiyaasha xaafadaha kala duwan ee kulamada wadatashiga golaha
deegaanka ................................................................................................................................................................... 26
Jaantuska50: Tirada ka qaybqaadashada wadatashiga lala yeeshay golaha deegaanka (12 kii bilood ee ugu
danbeeyay) .................................................................................................................................................................. 26
Jaantuska51: Aragtida jawaab bixiyaasha eek u aadan in lasoo doorto gole deegaan............................................... 27
Jaantuska52: Fikirka jawaab bixiyaasha ragga iyo haweenka ku aadan gole deegaan oo lasoo doortay ................... 27
Jaantuska53: Fikirka jawaab-bixiyaasha xaafadaha kala duwan eek u aadan muhimada gole deegaan oo lasoo
doorto .......................................................................................................................................................................... 28
Jaantuska54: Ka warhaynta jawaab bixiyaasha ee baahiyaha ugu muhiimsan ee bulshada ...................................... 28
Jaantuska55: Heerka kalsoonida jawaab bixiyaashu ku qabaan golaha deegaanka ................................................... 29
Jaantuska56: Heerka kalsoonida ragga iyo dumarka eek u aadan maamulka degmada ............................................ 30
Jaantuska57: Fikirkada jawaab bixiyaasha ee waxqabadka golaha deegaanka (isbadalka sanadada) ....................... 30
Jaantuska58: Aragtida jawaab bixiyaasha ragga iyo haweenka ee ku aadan waxqabadka golaha deegaanka .......... 30
Jaantuska59: Aragtida jawaab bixiyaasha xaafadaha kala duwan ee ku aadan waxqabadka golaha deganka .......... 31
jaantuska 60: Ka warhaynta khilaaf qabiil ama kooxo oo dhacay 12 kii bilood ee ka horeeyay qiimaynta ................ 32
Jaantuska 61: Ka warhaynta ragga iyo dumarka ee khilaaf qabiil ama kooxo oo dhacay 12 bilood eek a horeyay
qiimaynta ..................................................................................................................................................................... 32
Jaantuska 62: Ka warhaynta deegaanka xaafadaha kala duwan ee khilaaf qabiil ama kooxo oo dhacay 12 bilood eek
a horeeyay qiimaynta .................................................................................................................................................. 33
Jaantuska63:Tirada aragtay khilaaf qabiil ama kooxo dhacay 12 bilood ee ugu danbeeyay ...................................... 33
Jaantuska 64: Tirada ragga iyo haweenka arkay khilaaf qabiil ama kooxo dhacay 12 kii ee ugu danbeeyay ............. 33
Jaantuska 65:Tirada jawaab bixiyaasha xaafadaha kala duwan ee aragtay khilaaf qabiil ama kooxo ........................ 33
Jaantuska 66:Tirada Khilaafadka la arkay 12 kii bilood eek a horeeyay qiimaynta ..................................................... 34
Jaantuska 67: Tirada khilaafaadka isku rogay rabshado ............................................................................................. 35
Jaantuska 68: Tirada jawaab bixiysha arkay khilaaf ama rabshado lagula kacayo qof deegaankooda ka baxsan ..... 35
Jaantuska 69: Tirada ragga iyo haweenka arkay khilaaf ama rabshado lagula kacayo qof ka baxsan deegaankooda 36
Jaantuska 70: Aragtida amaanka degmada ................................................................................................................. 36
Jaantuska 71:Sida ragga iyo haweenku u arkaan amaanka degmada ........................................................................ 37
Jaantuska 72:Sida loo arko amaanka (isbadalka sanadada) ........................................................................................ 37
Jaantuska 73:Sida ay ragga iyo haweenku u arkaan amaanka degmada (isbadalka sanadada) ................................. 37
Jaantuska 74:Aragtida Amaanka degmada sida ay u arkaan deegaanka xaafadaha kala duwan ............................... 38
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XARUNTA LA SOCOSHADA, KA HORTAGA KHILAAFKA IYO RABSHADAHA
TAXANAHA SHAXAHA
Shaxda 1: Kaqaybgalayaasha Sahanka Qoysaska Heer-Xaafadeed ............................................................................... 2
Shaxda 2:Koobnaanta Kaqaybgalayaasha Dood-kooxeedka- Heer Jinsi ....................................................................... 2
Shaxda 3: kaqaybgalayaashii waraysiyada xogogaalka ah ............................................................................................ 2
Loox4: Qiimeynta La-wareystayaasha dhinaca Doorshada Adeegayaasha Amniga ee Ugu Kalsooni Badan ............. 11
Shaxda6: Sababaha Kalsoonida Adeegaha Garsoore .................................................................................................. 20
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QIIMAYNTA AMNIGA IYO KHLAAFAADKA DEGMADA BURTINLE
Khariidada Degmada Burtinle
Waxa Laga Soo Minguuriyey UNCHA, 2012
TAARIIKHDA DEGMADA
Degmada Burtinle waxa ay ka tirsan tahay gobolka Nugaal waxa ayna xuduud la wadaagtaa Gobolka
Galkacayo iyo Kilinka Shanaad ee Soomaalida Itoobiya degto. Magaalada Burtinle oo ah xarunta degmada
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XARUNTA LA SOCODKA KHILAAFAADKA IYO KAHORTAGA RABSHADAHA
asaaskeedu waxa uu ku sinnaa 1950-meeyadii, laakiin sannadkii 1982 waxa loo magaabay degmo darajada
‘B’ ah oo ka tirsan gobolka Nugaal oo markaas la unkay. Inkasta oo burburkii qarankii Soomaaliyeed
saamayntiisa ku yeeshay, haddana waxa degmada loo aqoonsan yahay in ay ka mid tahay degmooyinka ugu
korista badan Puntland. Inta badan dadka degmadu waa xoolo-dhaqatoreerguuraa ah oo noloshoodu ku
tiirsan tahay wax-soo-saarka xoolaha keli ah.
Maamul ahaan, degmadu waxa ay leedahay gole degaan ka kooban 23 xubnood oo uu madax u yahay Duqa
Degmadu. Golaha waxa ku jira 2 dumar ah waxana la dhisay 20051. Hore Wasaaradda Arrimaha Gudaha ee
Puntland ayaa soo magacaabi jirtay Duqa Magaalada, laakiin markaan golaha degaanka ee hadda shaqaynaya,
oo ay soo xuleen hoggaamiye-beeleedyadu, ayaa doortay sannadkii 2015 Duqa hadda xilka haya.
Guud ahaan, degmadu waa deggan tahay marka loo eego magaalooyinka waaweyn ee Gaalkacayo, Garoowe,
iyo Boosaaso, taas oo ay sabab u tahay hab-nololeedka bilowga ah iyo hab-dhaqameedkii wanaagsanaa ee
ku dhisnaa isqaddarinta iyo wada-noolaanshaha oo weli ku dambeeya degmada. Laakiin, tuulooyinka
qaarkood sida Magacley iyo Qoriley waxa ka dhacay isku-dhacyo soo noqnoqday oo ka dhashay isku-qabsi
dhul-daaqsimeed dhexmaray labo beelood, kaas oo horseeday dhimasho badan. Xilligii xog-ururinta
diraasaddan la qaadayay, Noofembar 2015, waxa socday dadaallo loo dhan yahayoo lagu soo afjarayo iskudhacaan dheeraaday. Guddi loo saaray xallinta khilaafkan oo ka koobnaa oday-dhaqameedyo,
hoggaamiyeyaasha diinta, siyaasiyiin, iyo wakiillo ka socday beelaha is-haya, oo weliba gacan ka helayey
Dawladda Itoobiya waxa ay ku guuleysteen in ay dhammeeyaan dirirta, iyaga oo xukumay bixinta kumanaan
geel mag ah oo lagu gudayo dadkii ku dhintay shaqaaqada. Dhinac kale, sannada badan oo burburkii ka
dembeyey, degmada Burtinle waxa ku faafay dhaqan xirmeysi ama dhulgoosi ah, kaas oo saameyn ku yeeshay
daaqsinkii xoolaha, sidaas awgeedna mararka qaarkood dhaliyey amnixumo, laakiin, nasiib wanaag
maamulka oo soo farageliyey awgeed waxa la banneeyey boqolaal xirmeysi 2015. Xoolo-daaqsatadiina waxa
u suurtogashay in ay daajistaan xoolahooda meelo u dhaw magaalada taas oo wax ka tartay xoojinta amniga
guud.
1
Xubin Golaha Degaanka ee Burtinle, Wareysi Xogogaal, 26kii Diisembar 2015
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2015
QIIMAYNTA AMNIGA IYO KHLAAFAADKA DEGMADA BURTINLE
XADKA CILMI- BAARISTA
Qiimeynta khilaafka iyo amniga degmada waxaa looga gol leeyahayin la ururiyo aragtida dadweynaha ee
la xiriirta adeeg bixiyaasha iyo wax-ku-oolnimada adeegyada ay bixiyaan. Macluumadkanwaxa lagu
saleeyey afarhalbeeg (indicators) oo la xiriira bixinta adeegyada: Garsoorka, maamulka, amniga iyo
khilaafka iyo gacan-ka-hadalka. Inkastaoo degmadu ka kooban tahay deegaan magaalo weyn ah (magaalomadaxda) iyo tiro tuulooyin yaryar oo ku xeeran, waxaa arrin nasiib-darro ah in adeegyada dadweyne ee
diraasadduqiimaynaysay inta badan ahaayeen kuwo ku urursan magaalo-madaxda degmada, waayo waxa
ay u badan tahay in adeegyadu ku kooban yihiin iyada oo aanay weli gaarin tuulooyinka. Iyada oo arrintan
maskaxda lagu hayo, diraasaddan waxa loo qaabeeyay lagana fuliyay meesha ugu dadka badan oo
magaalo-madaxda Burtinle.
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XARUNTA LA SOCODKA KHILAAFAADKA IYO KAHORTAGA RABSHADAHA
NUXURKA WARBIXINTA
Qiimenta iyo la socodka joogtada ah ee ku aadan waxyaabaha sida tooska ah u saamaynaya badbaada iyo
nabadda bulshada waa arrin muhiim u ah barnaamij kasta oo ku dhisan marag, go’aan gaarista iyo qiimeynta
saamaynta la xiriirta ee barnaamijka faro-gelinta xaalada, si loo sheego fahanka waxa ka shaqaynaya iyo kuwa
aan ka shaqayneyn bulshada dhexdeeda. Iyadoo maskaxda lagu hayo arrintaas, qimeynta heer degmo waxay
xaqiijinaysaa oo keenaysaa in la fahmo arrimaha khuseeya bulshada la higsanayo ee dhammaan gobolada
Soomaaliyeed. Iyadoo la adeegsanyo tusayaasha mowduucyada la doortay, warbixintu waxay bixinaysaa
qimeyn ku saabsan xaalada maamulka, nabadgelyada, khilaafaadka iyo colaadaha ka jira degmada buurtinle.
Qiimeyntaan waxaa laga sameeyey degmada Buurtinle intii u dhexaysay 8-12-kii bishii Nofeembar ee 2015.
Dulmar kooban oo ku saabsan qodobada muhiimka ah ee qiimeyntu waa kuwa soo socda.
Adeegga Amniga
Degmada Buurtinle, sida degmooyinka kale ee Puntland, ciidanka booliska waxay u xilsaaran yihiin
nabadgelyada. Haseyeeshee, xog ururinta la sameeyey waxay diirada saaraysaa sida ay odayaasha
dhaqanka, guddiyada tulooyinku iyo nin-garbeedku ula shaqeeyaan ciidanka booliska si loo sugo nabada iyo
xasiloonida. Dadka lagu wareystay sahankan waxay wada qireen in degmada Buurtinle ay haysato nabad iyo
xasilooni, weliba iyadoo xuduud la leh sided degmo oo ay xoolo-dhaqatadu isaga gooshaan, iyagoo
raadinaya daaq. Duqa degmada Buurtinle waxa uu yiri:” Nabadgelyada dgmadu waa mid wanaagsan,
khilaafkuna aad ayuu u yar yahay”. Colaada Cagaare oo ka dhalatey dhul-sheegasho ayaa ah shaqaada ka
jirta degmada Buurtinle taasoo sababtay nabadgelo xumo. (Faahfaahinta arrntaa ka fiiri qaybta Khilaafka iyo
Colaadaha.
Dadkii la wareystay, dood-kooxeedyo iyo war-celiyaashii guryaha lagula kulmay waxay sheegeen in ciidanka
booliska si rasmi ah loogula balamay sugidda nabada iyo arrimaha caamka ah. Laakiin waxaa la sheegay in
ciidanka boolisku uu taageero ka helo odayaasha dhaqanka, guddiyada tuulooyinka iyo dadka magaca ku
leh bulshada. Marka la tixraaco, sahan waxa lagu weydiiyey 91 qof, 77% oo dadkaas ka mid ah waxay
sheegeen inay og yihiin in ciidan boolis ah uu joogo deegaankooda, halka 18% oo ka mid ah dadkaas ay
sheegeen inaan boolis joogin degaankooda, halka 5% ka dadkaas ay sheegeen inaysan wax war ah u hayn
joogitaanka ciidan boolis ah. Marka la eego saldhiga booliska ee keligiis uu ku yaalo magaalada Buurtinle,
isku-celcelis 97% oo ka mid ah dadkii la wareystay waxay sheegeen inay gaari karaan saldhiga booliska. 94%
dadkaas ka mid ah waxay sheegeen inay saldhiga booliska ku gaari karaan hal saac ama muddo ka yar, halke
3% oo dadkaas la wareystay ka mid ahna ay sheegeen inay saldhiga booliska ku gaari karaan muddo hal saac
ka badan.
Bogga
| xiii
2015
QIIMAYNTA AMNIGA IYO KHLAAFAADKA DEGMADA BURTINLE
Marka la kala doorto dadka ka shaqeeya nabadgelyada, dhamman wareysiyadii iyo xogtii sahanka lagu helay
waxay tilmaamayaan guud ahaan in ciidanka boolisku uu yahay kaalinta koowaad, halka odayaasha
dhaqankuna ay noqdeen kalinta labaad. Dawlada hoose ayaa laga dhigay kaalinta sedexaad. Sahanka
qoysaska, warceliyayaashu waxay sheegeen in boolisku uu 49% waxa ka qabto dembiyada culus, 48% uu
boolisku waxa ka qabto arrimaha madaniga ah, halka 45% uu boolisku wax ka qabto dembiyada fudud.
Odayaasha dhaqanka ayaa dhexdhexaada 37% dembiyada culus, 33% dembiyada fudfuded iyo 27%
dembiyada madaniga ah. Dawlada hoose ayaa 12% wax ka qabata dacwooyinka madaniga ah, 9% dembiyada
fudud, halka 8% ay wax ka qabato dembiyada khatarta ah.
Arrinta la xiriirta sida loo aaminaada dadka nabadgelyada ka shaqeeya, guud ahaan, wuxuu sahanku sheegay
inuu boolisku yahay cida loogu hor aaminayo, halka odayaasha dhaqankuna kaalinta labaad galeen. Sahanka
qoysaska, dadkii lagu wareystay waxay sheegeen in 41% iyo 40% ay kala galeen booliska iyo odayaasha
dahqanka sida ay u kala horeeyaan. Sidoo kale waxay sheegeen in qolo kastaa hawsheeda si habsami ah u
gudato. Tusaale ahaan booliska waxaa aad loogu amaanay waxa ka qabashada dembiyada iyo
shaqaaqooyinka (69%) iyo in si fudud lagu heli karo (28%), waxayse aad ugu hooseeyaan cadalada. Odayaasha
dhaqanka ayaa lagu amaanay dhexdhexaadnimada iyo in si fudud loo heli karo. Culimada ayaa kaalinta labaad
ka gashay jawaab bexinta deg deg ah (63%) iyo dhexdhexaadnimada (25%), hase yeshee waxaa la sheegay
inaan si fudud lagu heli Karin.
Ka-qaybgalayaasha sahankan ayaa amaanay hawl-gudashada ciidanka booliska, waxayna sheegeen in
boolisku yahay qolada keliya ee ka shaqaysa dadka ku hawlan garsoorka sida maxkamadaha, xeer-beegtida
iyo culimada shareecada wax ku xukunta. Laakiin waxaa lagu dhaleeceeyey kalinta ilaalnta kala dambeynta,
gaar ahaan inay si dhaqso ah wax uga qabtaan khilaafka iyo shaqaaqooyinka iyo ka hortaga dhibaatooyinka.
Taliye ku-xigeenka qaybta booliska oo la wareystay ayaa sheegen in hormar laga sameeyey dhisida tayada
ciidanka booliska bilhii ugu dambeeyey. Waxaa uu sheegay in dhamman saraakiisha booliska tababar loogu
qabtay dugsiga Carmo ee tabarka booliska si kor loogu qaado hawl-gudashadooda iyo sugida nabadgelyada.
Dhanka kale sedex-meelood labo-meel oo ka mid ah dadkii la wareystay waxay aaminsan yihiin in hawlgudashada booliska horumar laga sameeyey 12 bilood ee la soo dhaafay, hase yeeshee 22% dadkii la
wareystay ayaa aaminsan insaysan jirin wax horumar ah oo la sameeyey, halka 10% ka mid ah dadkii la
wareystay ay sheegeen in hawl-gudashada boolisku ay hoos u dhacday sanadkii la soo dhaafay, waxa arrintaas
aan rayigooda ka dhiiban 11% ka mid ah dadkii la wareystay.
Marka laga soot ago cadeymaha sare lagu sheegay, ciidanka booliska ee Buurtinle waxaa soo food saaray
caqabado fara badan, kuwaasoo hekiyey waxqabadkii ciidanka booliska. Caqabadahaas waxaa ka mid ah:(i)
tiro yaraan. 12-13 askari oo kaliya ayaa ka hawl gala 43 tuulo oo hoos yimaada degmada Buurtinle.(ii)Qalab
iyo Sahay la`aan: Booliska degmada Buurtinle waxa uu leeyahay hal baabuur oo kaliya.
Adeegga Garsoorka
Xilligii xogtaan la ururinayey, waxa jiray maxkamad ka shaqaysa degmada. Sidoo kale waxa jiray hal qaadi oo
qaada dhamman dacwadaha maxkamada, mana jirin qareen, hese ahaatee, dacwada adag waxa loo deri
Bogga
|xiv|
XARUNTA LA SOCODKA KHILAAFAADKA IYO KAHORTAGA RABSHADAHA
jiray Garowe si ay uga caawiyaan. Nidaamka garsoorku waxaa uu ka kooban yahay xeerbeegtida iyo
culimada, taasoo lugu sheegay inuu yahay sida ugu wanaagsan ee nidaamka garsoorka ee degmada, kaasoo
qaada dhammaan dacwadaha madaama ay isku xirnaan iyo kalsooni ka haystaan bulshada oo ku qanacsan
go`aankooda iyo xukunkooda.
Tobankiiba mid ka mid ah dadkii la wareystay (13%) ayaa ahaa odayaasha dhaqanka si ay u hogaamiyaan
sahankan. Sababta ugu weyn waxaa lagu sheegay garsoorka maxkamada waa mid aad loo adeegsan taasoo
ku xiran dhaqaalaha, waqtiga iyo awooda fulinta goàanka. Marka la tixgeliyo dood-kooxeedyadii, odayaasha
dhaqanku waxay haystaan xushmad sare, taasoo sababtay inay xaliyaan arrimaha murugsan. Sababtoo ah
garsoorka maxkamaduhu haday heleyaan awood, dadka la wareystayna waxay qeexeen in loo baahan yahay
in la kordhiyo xilkasnimada maxkamadaha iyo in qaadiyo aqoon leh la keeno maxkamadaha iyo in la siiyo
agabka shaqada si loo helo horumariyo hawl-gudashada maxkamadaha. Sidaas darted ma aha mid lala yaabo,
marka ay timaado in la qiimeeyo hawl-gudashada maxkamadaha 12 bilood ee la soo dhaafay, taasoo 23%
dadkii la wareystay ayaa dareemay horumar xagga maxakamadaha, iyadoo ay arrintaas ka soo horejeesteen
30% dadkii la wareystay, kuwaasoo sheegay in usan jirin isbedel, halka 40% dadkii la wareystay aysan hubin
in isbedel jiro iyo in kale.
Addeegga Maamulka
Inta badan dadkii la wareystay waxay sheegeen inay ogyihiin jiritaanka golaha degaanka. Sidoo kale, tobenkii
qof afar ka mid ah waxay sheegeen inay og yihiin wada xriirka u dhexeeya dawlada hoose iyo dadweynaha.
Goalaha degaanku waxa uu qabtaa adeegyo sida llaalinta nabada, dhismaha wadooyinka, caafimadka,
garsoorka iyo kuwo kale oo badan. Marka la eego xogta la helay, maamulka hadda jira waxaa haystaa tageero
baahsan oo uu ka helo bulshada, taasoo ah markii ugu horey intii ay burburtay dawladii Soomaaliya, bulshadu
waxay aqbaleen inay bixiyaan cashuuraha si bulashada adeeg lagu qabto. Iyadoo laga jawaabayo baahida
bulshada waxaa la diiday in shaqsiyaad yeehsaan dhul cawseedka, laakiin weli waxaa jira baahi boyo, shaqo
laàan, wadooyinka iyo nadafada oo liidata, kuwaasoo dhammaantood laga sugayey golaha deegaanku inay
waxa ka qabtaan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, aqlabiyada (90%) dadkii la wareystay waxa ka goàn hanaanka
dorashada, waxayna isku raaceen in ay muhiim tahay in la doorto dadka matelaya.
Waxaa suuragal inay jiraan baahi badan iyo tabar yaraan haysata golaha deegaan, warceliyaashu waxay
bixiyeen aragtiyo kala duwan sida kuwa dareemay inay hawl-gudashadu kororatay(37%), iyo kuwa aaminsan
inaan isbedel jirin ama aan u warhayn in isbedel ka jiro hawl-gudashada golaha deegaanka 12 bilood ee ugu
dambeysay(31% mid kasta).
.
Bogga
| xv
2015
QIIMAYNTA AMNIGA IYO KHLAAFAADKA DEGMADA BURTINLE
Khilaafka iyo Gacan-ka-hadalka
Degmada Buurtinle waxa ay baaqi ku tahay nabad buuxda, si kasta ha ahaatee, dhacdooyinka aan joogtada
ahayn ee dhaca waxay salka ku hayaan dhinaca kheyraadka, kaasoo u dhexeeya qabiilo, shaqsiyaad, shaqaayo
dhalinyaro ama khilaafka qoyka. Marka laga reebo colaada Cagaare, khilaafyada kale waxa hoos ahaan u
xaliyaa booliska and odayaasha dhaqanka.
Xogta la soo ururiyey iyo sahanka qoysaska la sameeyey wuxu muujiyey in colaadu ay ku yar tahay degmada
buurtinle. Dad aad u tiro yar ayaa qiray inay xog ogaal u yihiin colaado iyo shaqaaqooyin degaankooda ka
dhacay. Tobakii guriba sagaal ka mid ah ayaa sheegay inaysan ogeyn wax colaad ah oo u dhaxaysa beelo and
kooxo oo ka dhacay degmada 12 bildood ee la soo dhacay xilligii la wareystay. Laakiin, dad tiro yar ayaa ka
marag kaccay jiritaanka colaado u dhexeeya beelo and kooxo. Sahanka qoysaska, 99% oo ka mid ah dadkii la
wareystay waxay sheegeen inay arag oo maqal waxa colaad ah. Marka laga eego dhinaca jinsiga, dadka
sheegay jiritaan colaado sanadkii hore waxay u badan yihiin rag (95%), halka dumarkuna ka yihiin 88%. Dadka
sheegay inaysan waxa colaad la kulmin sanadkii hore 100% waa dumar, raguna waa 98%.
In kasta oo dadka la wareystay ay dareemayaan nabad iyo degenan ka jirta deegaankooda, haddana waa
suurogal ah inuu khalad jiro madaama dadka xogta laga soo ururshay ay dhammaantood degan yihiin
Buurtinle oo ay ka muuqdaan maamulka iyo ciidanka booliska. Aragtidaan waxaa mark lagu xoojiyey
jawaabihii ay bixiyeen dadka reer buurtinle ee la wareystay markii la weydiiyey inta colaadood ee ay u soo
joogeen 12 bilood ee la soo dhaafay. Dhammaan (100%) waxay sheegeen inay u soo joogeen 3 colaadood
keliya.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee dadku waxay qireen labo colaadood oo caqabad ku noqday nabada iyo deganaanshaha
degmada. Mid ka mid ah waa khilaafka Cagaare kaasoo dhaawacay nabadgelyadii. Colaadaasi waxay u
dhexaysaa labo reer oo ood wadaag ah, kuwaasoo dhowr jeer dagaal ku dhexmaray sanadadii la soo dhafay,
kaasoo ku salaysnaa khilaaf ka dhul daaqsimed laysku haysto. Duqii hore ee degmada Buurtinle, Mudane
Xuseen Dheere waxa uu sheegay inay colaadaas mudada socotay ay ku naf waayeen 50 qof oo ka kala tirsan
labada dhinac. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, odayaasha dhaqanka ee labada beelood, iyo odayaan dhaqan oo ka
baxsan beelaha diriray ahaa ku guulaystay inay colaadaas soo af jaraan Nofeember 2015-kii, waxaana la
gaaray heshiis nabadeed oo u dhaxeeya beelihii dagaalamay.
Arrimana horjoogsiga ku aha nabadgelyadu waa dhaqan cusub oo uu keenay in si qof ama koox gaar ay
sheegato mulkiyada dhul-daaqsimeedka dadka ka dhexeeya, kaasoo sabab iska hor imaad u dhexeeya dadka
dhulka sheeganaya iyo xoolo dhaqatada. Si looga dhowrsanaado colaad, loona hubiyo ilaalinta nabadgelyada,
dawlada dhexe iyo maamulka degmada Buurtinle waxay cadeeyeen sheegashada dhul-daaqsimeedku ay
tahay mid sharci daro ah, waxayna bilaabeen inay duduminaan calamdaha iyo xayndaabada dhulkaas loo
yeelay. Intii uu sahankan socday waxaa sumadihii laga burburiyey 105 good dhul-daaqsimeed oo la
calaamadsaday, iyadoo la higsanayo 450 goobood oo dhul-daaqsimeed oo ay dad gaar ah sheegteen inay
leeyihiin.
In kasta oo dadkii la wareystay ay ku tilmaameen waxyaabaha colaada iyo shaqaaqooyinka dhaliya,
xadgudubka, khilaadka qoys, kheyraadka, haddana dood –kooxeedkii odayaasha dhaqanku waxay kusoo
Bogga
|xvi|
XARUNTA LA SOCODKA KHILAAFAADKA IYO KAHORTAGA RABSHADAHA
koobeen waxa colaada dhaliya dhulka laysku haysto. Waxay sheegeen orahda ah ku qabso ku qadi mayside.
Dood-kooxeedkii haweenku waxay ku dareen intaas tabar darida maamulka oo aah wax kala goyn Karin, ha
noqoto booliska, maxkamada iyo maamulkaba. Sidoo kale waxay sheegeen shaqo laàantu inay abuurtay
walaaca dhalin yarada, kaasoo marka dambe ku dhalinaya inay shaqaaqo sameeyaan.
Marka laga soot ago dhabta ah in tobankii qof sagaal ka mid ah (97) dadkii la wareystay ay sheegeen inaysan
arag wax dambi iyo shaqaaqooyin ah oo qoysaskooda ku lid ah sanadkii la soo dhaafay, haddna doodkooxeedyadii waxay hoosta ka xariiqeen in colaada iyo shaqaaqooyinku ay inta badan sameeyeen dadka
nugul sida dadka la hayb sooco, haweenka, barakacayaasha iwm. Kooxihii haweenku waxay ku sii dareen in
dadka dhibta loo gaysano ay sabab u tahay hayb-soocda iyo haweenka oo ka nugul raga reerkooduna anaanu
difaacayn maadaama aan lagau Tiran xubnaha reerka.
.
Guud ahaan, dadkii lagu wareystay sahankaan waxay dareemayaan nabad. Duaq dhowaan la doortay waxaa
uu wareysi ku yiri: `` Nabadgelyada magaaladu way wanaagsan tahay oo waqti kasta looma baahna habeenkii
boolis, hase yeeshee mararka qaarkood, dhalin yaro ayaa moobaylo furata, markaas ayaan booliska
adeegsanaa. Xilliyadaasna dawlada hoos waxay bixisaa shidaalka iyo kale oo kharasha ee loo baahdo. Sidaas
oo kale, tobankiiba sagaal ka mid ah qoysaska la waraystay waxay muujiyeen inay ku nool yihiin degaan
amaan ah. Waxaa arrin la taaban karo ah inuusan jirin kala duwanaansho ku aadan dareenkooda
nabadgelyada oo u dhexeeyada labka iyo dhedga (98% dhedig, 96% rag). Xogta la soo ururiyey iyo sahan-ka
qoysaska (87%) waxay labaduba sheegeen in dadku dareemay inay nabadgeliyadu horay u martay 12 bilood
ee tegay. Marka laga eego dhinaca jinsiga in nabadgelyadu korortay sanadkii tegay, ragu waa 93%,
dumarkuna waa 82%.
Bogga
| xvii
XARUNTA LA SOCODKA KHILAAFAADKA IYO KAHORTAGA RABSHADAHA
1. HANAANKA LOO SAMEEYEY
CILMI-BAARISTA
1.1.
Guudmar
Iyada oo ay qayb ka tahay diraasadaha joogtada ah
ee ku saabsan mawduucyada saamaynta ku leh
amniga iyo nabadgelyada bulshada, waxa OCVP ka
fulisay Degmada Burtinle, oo ka tirsan gobolka
Nugaal ee Puntland, xog ururinballaaran oo
maydaani ah.
Si faham buuxa looga helo mawduucyada la dersayo,
waxa la isticmaalay hab isku-dhafan oo u
oggolaanaya kooxda cilmi-baarayaasha in ay helaan
macluumaad seddex-geesood ah, oo lagu helay
labada nooc ee baaritaan, marka ay gaaraan xilliga
lafagurka xogta. Sahanka qoysasku waxa uu
abbaaray helitaanka masawir dhab ah oo metela
aragtida dadweynaha la beegsanayay ee khuseysa
mawduucyada la baarayay. Dood-kooxeedyada iyo
shakhsiyaadka xogogaalka ah ee lala kulmay waxa
laga raadinayay xog dheeraad ah oo la barbardhigo
ama lagu biiiriyo natiijooyinka ka soo baxay sahan
qoyseedka ee ku saabsanaa mawduucyada.
Xog-tireedka (quantitative data) waxa lagu lafaguray
barnaamijka loo yaqaan Statistical Package for
Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 22, kadib markii xogta
lagu soo uririyo moobiillo casri ah (samsung Tab 4
mini) kuwaas oo ku shaqaynaya barnaamijka ODK
collect. Sahan qoyseedka wax kaqaybgalay 91 qoys.
1.2 Habka Muunadda Daraasada
Qiyaasta qoysaska degmada deggan oo laga helay
dawladda hoose ayaa suurogalisay in la adeegsado
qaacido muunadda loo adeegsanayo si loo jaangooyo
cabbirka muunad metelikarta degmada. Diraasaddu
waxa ay xisaabta ku darsatay cabbir tirokoob oo
cayiman sida heerka kalsoonida ee la rabay (95%),
saamaynta qaabka muunadda (1.5), tirada
dheeradka ah ee lagu dhamaystirohaddii wax
khaldamaan (+ o – 9%) iyo malo-awaalka arrimo isku
dhafan oo amniga khuseeya (0.3) oo ka jiri
karaxaafadaha
Cabbirka 0.3 waa qaacido ku talagasha in ay jiri
karaan isku xirnaan amni oo ka sarreysa qaybinta
caadiga ah ee 0.5 ee xaafadaha degmada. Tani waa
Kutalagal macquul ah oo ku salaysan mawduuca
sahanka waayo la-waraystayaasha isku degmada ahi
waxa ay u badan yihiin in ay muujiyaan xiriir isu eg oo
ka dhexeeya aragtiyahooda iyo durufta amni ee ku
xeeran. Tan waxa xoojinaya waayo-aragnimada
OCVP ee lagu oggaaday in shakhsiyaadka isku meel
ka yimid ama deggani muujiyaan aragtiyo isu dhaw
oo khuseeya xaaladaha amniga, garsoorka,
maamulka, iyo weliba khilaafka iyo gacan-kahadalka. Xisaabaadka kore markii la isku dhuftay
waxa soo baxday munad baaxadeeddudhan tahay 91
qoys.
1.3Sahanka qoysaska
Waxa la fuliyay diraasad cabbir tiro ku salaysan oo
foo-ka-fool ah, iyado jawaab-bixiyeyaasha la
waydiinayay su’aalo la xiriirra xogaha shakhsi
ahaaneed, amniga, garsoorka, maamulka, iyo
khilaafka iyo gacan-ka-hadalka. Jawaab-bixiyaasha
waxa ka kooban yihiin qoysas si aan ku talo gal ahayn
loo doortay. Labada xog-ururiye oo tababaran ee ay
OCVP leedahay iyo laba kaaliye oo degmada kasoo
jeeda ( kuwaas oo dadka maxalliga ah yaqaanniin isla
markaana garanaya xuduudaha u dhexeeya
xaafadaha), oo uu dusha kala socdo kormeere OCVP
ka tirsan ayaa dhamaystiray 91waraysi oo ay ka
qaadeen qoysas deggan xaafadaha kala duwan ee
Hawl-wadaag, Wadajir, Israac, Horumar, iyo Xerada
Barakacayaasha(eeg Shaxda 1). Waraysiyada waxa la
qaaday intii u dhexeesey 8 illaa 12 Noofembar 2015.
OCVP waxa ay adeegsatay hab muunadayn loo
yaqaan (Systematic Random sampling – SRS), iyada
Bogga
| 1
2015
QIIMAYNTA AMNIGA IYO KHLAAFAADKA DEGMADA BURTINLE
oo xog-ururiyeyaashu ay si bakhtiyaa nasiib ah ay u
doorteen guri kasta oo afraad, marka laga soo
bilaabo kii ay ka soo bilaabeen waxa aanay ka
waraysteen gurigiiba hal qof oo da’diisu ka wayn
tahay 18 sano.
Shaxda 1: Kaqaybgalayaasha Sahanka Qoysaska
Heer-Xaafadeed
Xaafadda
Hawl-wadaag
Horumar
Israac
Wadajir
Xerada
Barakacayaasha
Wadarta
Muunadda
1.2.
Jinsiga (Tirada
Jawaabbixiyeyaasha)
Lab
Dheddig
8
12
7
9
9
8
10
11
7
10
Wadar
41
91
50
20
16
17
21
17
Dood-kooxeedka
Isugayn ahaan, afar kooxood ayaa ka qaybqaatay
dood-kooxeedka: Haween, dhallinyaro, Odayaal iyo
culimo isku jira, iyo barakacayaa (IDPs). Koox kasta
waxa ay ka koobnayd 10 qof. Qanqaabiye maxalli ah
ayaa gacan ka gaystay soo ururinta kooxaha isaga oo
u eegayaykoobnaanta beelaha, xaafadaha kala
duwan ee degmada, dabaqadaha bulshada,
jinsigaiyo da’da.
Cilmi-baare ka tirsan OCVP ayaa daadihinayay
doodda isaga oo uu caawinayo qof kale oo u
qaabilsanaa hadal-qoraalka. Ogolaanshaha jawaab
bixiyayaasha kadib waxa la isticmaalayay rikoor
duuba doodda ama falanqaynta. kadib, xogtii la
duubay siddeedii ayaa qoraal loogu guuriyey,
loonadiifiyay loona habeeya.Ugu danmbaytii, xilligii
|2|
Dood-kooxeedka
Dumar
Odayaal iyo Culimo
Dhallinyaro
Barakacayaal
Total
Habka labaad ee cilmibaarista loo fulinayay waxa uu
ahaa dood-kooxeedyo taxane ah (FGDs) kuwaas oo
looga dan lahaa ogaanshaha aragtida dadka ee ku
wajahan adeegayaasha amniga, garsoorka (kuwa
dawliga ah iyo kuwa aan dawliga ahayn), maamulka,
iyo waayo aragnimada waxyaabaha keena khilaafka
iyo gacan-ka-hadalka.Dood-kooxeedkan waxa la
qabtay intii u dhexaysay 9 ilaa 11 bisha Noofembar
2015 waxana lagu qabtay Huteelka Cabdi-casiis
(Faahfaahinta ka eeg shaxda 2). Waxa dooddiiba
socotay muddo hal saac ah.
Bogga
lafagurka waxa loo kala soocay hadba sida ay isu
leeyihiin.
Shaxda 2:Koobnaanta Kaqaybgalayaasha Doodkooxeedka- Heer Jinsi
1.2.
Jinsiga
Lab
10
5
5
20
Wadar
Dheddig
10
4
6
20
10
10
9
11
40
Waraysiyo Xogogaaleedka
Habka saddexaad ee xog-ururintu isticmaashay waxa
uu ahaa waraysiyo qofeed laga qaaday dadka
xogogaalka ah,
waayo-aragnimana u leh
mawduucyada cilmibaarista. Ujeeddada ugu wayni
waxa ay ahayd in si qoto dheer loo baaro
mawduucyada iyo in la hubiyo dhab-ahaanshaha
xogtii ka soo baxday dood-kooxeedyada.
Waraysiyada waxa la fuliyay intii u dhaxaysay 11 ilaa
12 kii Noofembar, 2015, kiibana waxa uu socday
muddo dhan 30 daqiiqo. Shan(5)qof oo xogogaal ah
ayaa la waraystay, oo kala ahaa: Taliyaha Booliska
Degmada, Guddoomiyaha Xerada Barakacayaasha,
Oday-dhaqameed,
Duqa
Magaalada,
iyo
Guddoomiyaha Maxkamadda Degmada.
Qabanqaabiye maxalli ah ayaa habeeyay waqtiyada
waraysiyada ay hoggaaminayeen cilmi-baarayaasha
ka socda xarunta la socodka iyo kahorta khilaafka iyo
gacan-ka-hadalka. Waraysiyadu waxa ay ku
bilaabmayeen waraysi
si gaar ah u abaarayay
mawduucyada qofku aqoonta dheeraadka u lahaa,
kadibna waxa la waydiinayay suaalo ku saabsan
mawduucyada kale ee cilmibaaristu abaaraysay oo
kala ahaa:
Maamulka, Garsoorka, amniga, iyo
Khilaafka iyo gacan-ka-hadalka.
Shaxda 3: kaqaybgalayaashii waraysiyada xogogaalka
ah
Xogogaalka La Waraystay
Jinsiga
Lab
Dheddig
XARUNTA LA SOCODKA KHILAAFAADKA IYO KAHORTAGA RABSHADAHA
Duqa Magaalada Burtinle
Oday-dhaqameed
Guddoomiyaha Barakacayaasha
Taliyaha Booliska Degmada
Guddoomiyaha Maxkamadda
Degmada
Wadar
1
1
1
1
-
1
-
5
-
waraystayaasha u dheexeeyey da’da 50-59 waxa
lagala kulmay 9%, halka kooxaha ugu matalaadda
yaraa ahaayeen kuwa ka hooseeya 20 jir iyo kuwa ka
sarreeya 60 jir, oo mid kasta laga waraystay tiro yar
oo dhan 6% wadarta guud ee la-waraystayaasha
(Jaantuska 2).
Jaantuska 2: Da’da Jinsi ee Jawaab-bixiyayaasha
2. Xogta Jawaab-bixiyayaasha
Sahanka qoysasku waxa uu ka koobnaa 45% rag ah
(40 la-warayste)iyo 55% dumar ah(50 lawarayste).Diraasaddu
waxa
ay
hubisay
dheellitirnaanta jinsiga si loo helo suurad cad oo
muujisa kala duwanaanta waayo-aragnimo, aragti
iyo xogogaalnimo ee ka jirta labada jinsi ee ku
saabsanmawduucyadala baarayo, Eeg Jaantuska 1
Jaantuska1: Jinsiga Jawaab-bixiyayaasha
Ku dhowaad labo seddex-meelood oo lawaraystayaasha Burtinle ahi (66%) xaasas ayaa ay
lahaayeen, iyada oo kuwa doobabkuna tiro ahaan
gaarayeen 22% tirada guud ee la-waraystayaasha.
Kuwa hore u guursaday laakiin galay furriin oo hadda
keli-noolka ah, iyo kuwa laga dhintay waxa ay
noqdeen 5% iyo 7% sida ay u kala horreeyaan
(Jaantuska 3)
Jaantuska3: Xaaladda Guur ee Jawaab-bixiyayaasha
In ka badan meel afar-meelood la-waraystayaasha
(77%) da’doodu waxa ay u dhexaysay 20 iyo 49 sano,
halka 30% ku jireen koox-da’eedka 20-29 sano, iyada
oo 19% kalena u dhexeeyeen 30-39 sano, iyo koox
kale 28% u dhexaysay 40-49 sano. La-
Bogga
| 3
2015
QIIMAYNTA AMNIGA IYO KHLAAFAADKA DEGMADA BURTINLE
Dhinaca heerka waxbarasho ee la-waraystayaasha, in
ku dhaw meel afar-meelood (22%) dugsi quraan ayaa
ay gaareen, tiro dhan 3% iyaga ayaa wax is baray. Lix
ka mid toban kasta la-waraystayaashu (60%) waxa ay
heleen waxbarasho rasmi ah iyada oo 8%
dhameeysteen dugsi hoose, 30% dugsiga hoosedhexe, 18% dugsiga sare, iyo 4% iyagu ka
qallinjabiyay Jaamacado. 15% oo ah lawaraystayaasha soo haray ma helin waxbarasho
nooc ay tahayba (Jaantuska (4).
Jaantuska4:
bixiyayasha
Heerka
Waxbarasho
ee
Jawaab-
Jaantuska 5: Heerka Waxbarashada Jinsi ee Jawaabbixiyayaasha
Bogga
|4|
XARUNTA LA SOCODKA KHILAAFAADKA IYO KAHORTAGA RABSHADAHA
ADEEGYADA AMNIGA,
GARSOORKAIYOMAAMULKA
3.1.
Adeegga Amniga
3.1.1. Heerka Hawlgalka
Degmada Burtinle, si la mid ah degmooyinka kale ee
Puntland, boolisku waxa ay u xilsaaran yihiin sugidda
amniga.
Hase yeeshee, dood-kooxeedyadaiyo
xogogaalkii la waraystay waxa ay caddeeyeen in
odayaal-shaqameedka, guddiyada tuulooyinka, iyo
shakhsiyaadka magaca ku leh bulshadu dhammaan
ka ciyaaraan kaalin mug leh sugidda amniga kuna
gacansiiyaan booliska sugidda amniga iyo
deganaanshaha2.
Marka la tixraaco sahankii Qoysaska, kaas oo la
kulmay 91 qof oo kiiba hal qoys metalayo, 77% ka
mid ahi waxa ay muujiyeen in ay la socdaan in boolis
ka hawlgalo degaankooda (xaafadahooda), halka
18% ka mid ah dadka la waraystey sua’aashaas ka
bixiyeen cod taban, iyada oo dhinaca kalena 5%
sheegeen in aanay la socon jiritaaka boolis iyoin kale
(Jaantuska6).
Jaantuska 6aad: Qiimeynta Jawaab-bixiyeyaasha ee
Joogitaanka Booliska
hawlgelin, waxa ay labo jeer ka badnaayeen dumarka
(12%) la aragtida aha. 10%-ka soo haray ee iyagu
sheegay inaanay war ka hayn joogintaan boolis, 8%
ka mid ahi waxa ay ahaayeen dumar, halka 2% ay
ahaayeen rag((Jaantuska 7).
Jaantuska6: La-socodka Joogitanka Boolis Heer Jinsi
Dhinaca kale, 5ta xaafadood ee Burtinle waxa
sheegeen in uu boolis joogo laakiin heerar kala
duwan ayeey ku cabbireen. La socodka labada
xaafadood ee Horumar (100%) iyo Wadajir (95%) wa
uu ahaa mid aad u sarreeya, halka labadaa kaleee
Israac iyo Hawl-wadaag iyana muujiyeen tiro sare oo
ah 76% iyo 75% sida ay u kala horreeyaan. Xaafadda
shanaad oo xero barakac ah waxa ay muujisay darajo
hooseysaa waayo 35% ayaa sheegay in ay og yihiin in
boolis jiro. Tan waxa laga yaabaa in ay sabab u tahay
ka
dheeraanshaha
kaamka
barakacayaasha
magaalada Burtinle iyo gaasirnaanta awoodda
booliska ee degmada (Jaantuska8).
Marka la eego dhinaca jinsiga, in yar ayaa dumarku
(80%) dacal dheeraayeen ragga (73%) ogaanshaha
jiritaanka boolis. Taas liddigeeda, tirada ragga ah
((24%) ee sheegtay in aannu degaankooda boolis ka
2
Dood-kooxeedka Dhallinyarada, 10 Noofembar, 2015
Bogga
| 5
2015
QIIMAYNTA AMNIGA IYO KHLAAFAADKA DEGMADA BURTINLE
Jaantuska 7: La-socodka Joogitaanka Booliska ee
Heer Xaafadeed
jawaabeen xog la’aanta inta uu jiro saldhigga
boolisku
Si kale, marka la sii jajabiyo 97% sheegtay in ay gaari
karaan saldhigga, 53% waxa sheegeen in ay u lugeyn
karaan in ka yar 20 daqiiqo, 23% inta u dhaxaysa 2030 daqiiqo, 19% ka mid ah inta u dhaxaysa 40 daqiiqo
illaa hal saacad, halka3%-da soo hartay sheegtay in
ay ku qaadanayso in ka badan hal saac lug ah
(Jaantuska 10)
Jaantuska 9: Qiimeynta Jawaab-bixiyeyaasha ee
Fogaanta Saldhigga Booliska
Markii la weydiiyey tirada saldhigyada magaalada
Burtinle leedahay, 96%dadka la waraystay waxa ay
sheegeen in ay og yihiin jiritaanka hal saldhig boolis
keli ah. Tani waxa ay astaan u tahay muuqaalka
booliska, taas oo muujinaysa baaxadda hawlgalka
booliska (Jaantuska 9).
Jaantuska8: Ogaalka Jawaab-bixiyeyaasha Tirada
Saldhigyada Boolis ee Jira
Marka la eego fogaanta saldhigga keli ah ee ku yaal
Burtinle, wadar guud oo ah 97% waxa ay sheegeen in
ay u fududahay gaaridda saldhiggu marka laga tago
kala duwanaanshaha fogaanta uu u kala jiro. 94%
kuwaas ka mid ahi waxa ay sheegeen in ay saldhigga
ku gaari karaan in ka yar saacad lug ah, halka 3%
tilmaantay in ay ku gaari karaan in ka badan hal saac
lug ah. Inta soo hartay oo ah 3% waxa ay ku
Bogga
|6|
Dhinaca fogaanta saldhigga, 5ta xaafadood ee
Burtinle waxa ay bixiyeen jawaabo kala tagsan. Halka
dhammaan jawaab-bixiyeyaasha (100%) labada
xaafadood ee Israac iyo Wadajir isku raaceen in ay
saldhigga ku gaari karaan in ka yar 20 daqiiqo, waxa
seddexda kale ee xaafadood muujiyeen masawir
kaas ka duwan; xerada barakacayaasha 50% jawaabbixiyeyaashu waxa sy sheegeen in ay saldhigga ku
gaari karaan inta u dhexaysa 41 daqiiqo illaa hal saac
lug ah, 17% in ay u lugayn karaan in ka yar 20 daqiiqo,
halka 17% kale qiyaaseen in ay u lugayn karaan in ka
badan hal saac. Xaafadda Hawlwadaag, 40% dadka la
waraystay waxa ay sheegeen in ay ku gaari karaan
saldhigga inta u dhaxaysa 20 iyo 40 daqiiqo lug ah, in
ka badan 40% waxa ay iyana ku qiyaaseen in ay ku
tegi karaan in ka badan hal saac, 13% in ka yar 20
daqiiqo. Inta hartay oo ah 7% waxa ay sheegeen in
XARUNTA LA SOCODKA KHILAAFAADKA IYO KAHORTAGA RABSHADAHA
aanay qiyaasi Karin inta ay saldhigga u lugeyn karaan.
Xaafadda Horumar iyada 56% dadka la waraystay
waxa ay caddeeyeen in ay saldhigga ku gaari karaan
inta u dhaxaysa 20-40 daqiiqo, 25% in ka badan
saacad, 6% in ka yar 20 daqiiqo, halka 6%-da haray ku
dhawaaqeen in aanay qiyaasi karin (Jaantuska 11).
Jaantuska10: Qiimeynta Fogaanta Saldhigga Booliska
ee Jawaab-bixiyeyaasha- Heer Xaafadeed
Xog-ururintii qoysaaska ee la qaaday, waxa ay
caddaysay in jawaab-bixiyeyaashu si xoog leh u
doorbidayaanin booliska ay u gudbiyaan
dacwadahooda
ka
kooban
seddexda
nooc;dembiyada culus, 49% dadka la waraystay waxa
ay doorbideen booliska, dacwadaha madaniga ah
48% ayaa doorbiday booliska, halka dembiyada
fudud 45% doorbideen booliska. Odayaaldhaqameedku waxa ay galeen darajada labaad
waayo 37% dadkii la waraystay waxa ay doorteen
odayaasha in ay u gudbiyaan dembiyada culus, 33%
dembiyada fudud, iyo 27% dooratay in ay dacwadaha
madaniah u gudbiyaan xeer-beegtida/odayaasha.
Dawladaha hoose waxa ay gashay darajada
seddexaad iyada oo 12% dadka la waraystay
doorteen in ay dacwadaha madaniga ah iyada u
geystaan, halka 9% u geysteen dembiyada fudud, iyo
8% ah dembiyada culus ah.
3.1.1.1.
Doorbidka Adeegayaasha Amniga
Qaybtani waxa ay qorfayneysaa aragtida jawaabbixiyeyaasha ee ku aadan doorbidka adeegayaasha
amniga, marka laga hadlayo gudbinta dacwadaha
madaniga ah, kuwa dembiyada fudud, iyo dembiyada
culus.
Dood-kooxeedyada iyo xogogaalkii lala kulmay, waxa
ay isku raaceen in boolisku yahay hay’adda rasmiga
ah ee keliya ee u xilsaaran suggidda amniga. Laakiin,
waxa ay farta ku fiiqeen in Booliska Burtintle ay
haysato ciidan yari iyo weliba qalab iyo taakleyn yari,
gaar ahaan dhinaca gaadiidka. Oday-dhaqameed
xogogaal ahi waxa uu yiri:
Dacwadaha Madaniga ah
Marka laga hadlo khilaafaadka madaniga ah ee
khuseeya qoysaska, ganacsiga iyo ku xadgudubka
xuquuqda shakhsiga ah, in ku dhaw kalabar (48%)
jawaab-bixiyeyaashu waxa ay sheegeen in ay
doorbidayaan in ay booliska dacwadahooda u
geystaan. Halka 12% iyagu jeclaysteen in ay
dacwadahooda u geystaan dawladda hoose si loogu
garnaqo.
Hoggaamiyeyaasaha
diinta
iyo
maxkamadaha dawliga ahi waxa ay galeen darajada
seddexaad iyada oo kiiba helay 2%. Kuwa sheegay in
aanay waxba kala socon arrintaas waxa ay noqdeen
8% (Jaantuska 12).
Burtinle waxa ka hawlgala 12-13 boolis ah, marka laga
tago baxaadda magaaladana, 43 tuulo ayaa hoos yimaada
degmadan. Qofkasta marka waa fahmi karaa in tiradaas
yar ee boolika ahi aanay ku fillaan karin degmada, sidaas
awgeed, odayaal dhaqaameedka ayaa gacan weyn ka siiya
booliska fulinta waajibaadkooda.3
3
Oday-dhaqameed, wareysi xogogaal. 11 Noofembar ,
2015
Bogga
| 7
2015
QIIMAYNTA AMNIGA IYO KHLAAFAADKA DEGMADA BURTINLE
Jaantuska11:
Doorbidka
La-wareystayaasha
Gudbinta Dacwadaha Madaniga ah
3.1.1.2.
Dembiyada Fudud
Marka laga hadlo gudbinta dembiyada fudud,
booliska iyo odayaal-dhaqameedku waxa ay isku
heleen taageero isu geynah 82%. Booliska ayaa
siisarreeyay iyada oo 45% jawaab-bixiyeyaashu u
codeeyeen, halka odayaal-dhaqameedku ku
guuleysteen 37%. Dawladda hoose waxa ay gashay
seddexaad iyada oo heshay taageero dhan 9%
(Jaantuska 14).
Jaantuska13:
Doorbidka
Jawaab-bixiyeyaasha
Gudbinta DacwadahaDembiyada Fudud
Xagga jinsiga, inkasta oo dumarku si muuqata uga
badnaayeen
ragga
(54%
dumar
ah
la
barbardhigay41% rag ah) dhinaca u xaglinta booliska,
haddana raggu waxa ay ku horreeyeen kuwa doortay
in ay odayaal-dhaqameedka garahooda u geystaan
(37% rag ah la barbar dhigay 20% dumar ah). Sidoo
kale, halka 10% dumar ahi go’aamin kari waayeen
cidda ay u janjeeraan, ragga la mid ahina waxa uu
noqday 6% (eeg Jaantuska 13). 4% dumar ah iyo 2%
rag ahi waxa ay jeclaysteen in dacwadahooda u
geystaan wadaadada. Kuwa doortay maxkamadaha
dawliga ah ayaa uguyara oo noqday 2% (eeg
Jaantuska 13)
Jaantuska12: Doorbidka
Dacwadaha Madaniga ah
Bogga
|8|
Jinsiga
ee
Gudbinta
Aragtida jinsigu waxa kala duwanayd, marka la eego
gudbinta dembiyada fudud. In ku dhaw kalabar
(48%), oo dumar ahi waxa ay doorteen booliska
marka la barbardhiga 41% rag ah. Tan liddigeeda,
ragga ayaa ku badnaa (44%) doorashada odayaaldhaqameedka iyada oo dumarku noqdeen (32%).
Kuwa taageeray dawladda hoose, 10% waxa ay
ahaayeen dumar, halka 7% rag ahaayeen. Waxa u
hooseeyay maxkamadaha dawliga ah iyo wadaadada
oo kala helay doorasho 4% iyo 2% sida ay u kala
horreeyaan (Jaantuska 15).
XARUNTA LA SOCODKA KHILAAFAADKA IYO KAHORTAGA RABSHADAHA
Jaantuska14: Doorbidka Jinsiga Gudbinta Dacwadaha
Dembiyada Fudud
3.1.1.3.
Dembiyada Culus
Xagga dembiyada culus, tiro wax yar ka hoosaysa
kalabar (49%) oo jawaab-bixiyeyaasha ahi waxa ay
muujiyeen taageerada booliska, waxaana ku
xigsaday 33% u janjeersaday dhinaca odayaaldhaqameedka, halka dawladda hoose gashay
kaalinta seddexaad iyada oo heshay taageero dhan
8%. Wadaadada iyo maxkamadaha dawliga ahi waxa
ay heleen tiro yar oo ah tiiba 2% (Jaantuska 16)
qiimaynta
gudbinta
dacwadada
dembiyada
culus,tirada ragga (58%)ee taageertay in booliska loo
gudbiyo dacwadaha dembiyada culus waxa ay labo
jeer ka bateen tan dumarka (39%). Waxa kale oo
xusid mudan in dumarku si is le’eg (mid kasta 39%) u
doorteen in dembiyada culus loo gudbiyo booliska
iyo odayaal-dhaqameedka.Raggu iyagu mabda’
ahaan tiro labo jeer ka badan tan odayaalshaqameedka ayaa ay ugu codeeyeen booliska (58%
iyo 28%). Dawladda hoose darajada seddexaad ayaa
ay soo fariisatay iyada oo heshey taageero dhan 10%
ragga, iyo 6% dumar ah.5% dumar ahi waxa ay
doorteen in ay gartooda hor geystaan wadaadada,
iyada oo dhinaca kalena dumarka iyo ragga u
janjeersadayxagga maxkamadaha dawliga ahi is
le’ekaadeen, kiiba 2% (Jaantuska 17).
Jaantuska16: Doorbidka Jinsi
Dacwadaha Dembiyada Culus
ee
Gudbinta
A
Jaantuska15:
Doorbidka
Jawaab-bixiyeyaasha
Gudbinta Dacwadaha Dembiyada Culus
3.1.2. Heerka
Kalsoonida
Adeegayaasha Amniga (Kuwa
Dawliga ah iyo Kuwa Aan Ahayn)
Haddii ayna eegno aragtiyaha jinsiga ku salaysan ee
Dadka xogogaalka ah iyo dood-kooxeedyada lala
kulmay waxa ay labaduba isku raaceen in odaydhaqameedyada iyo boolisku haystaan kalsoonida
dadweynaha marka laga hadlayo sugidda amniga.
Oday-dhaqameedyada ayaa weliba la sii jecel yahay
labo sababood awgood; tan hore waa, iyaga ayaa ugu
dhaqso badan go’aan gaarista, iyaga ayaana ugu fulin
Bogga
| 9
2015
QIIMAYNTA AMNIGA IYO KHLAAFAADKA DEGMADA BURTINLE
wacan, waa tan labaade, odayaashu lacag kuma
xiraan hawlgalkooda.
La-wareystayaashu waxa ay sheegeen in dacwadaha
qaarkood booliska iyo odayaashu iska kaashadaan,
kuwana keli keli u xalliyaan, arrimahaasuna waxa ay
ku xiran yihiin nooca dacwadda iyo durufaha ku
xeeran. Iyaga oo taas sii iftiiminaya, dood-koodeedka
Dhallinyaradu waxa ay qeexeen in guud ahaan dadku
aaminsan yahay in adeegayaashu ku fiican yihiinkagarnaqistadacwadaha.
Sida
badan,
dadku
dacwadahooda khuseeya hantida, iyo bixinta Diyada
(dilalka) waxa ay u geystaan odayaasha, halka
dembiyada fudud, sida tuugada, dhaca moobayllada,
iwm dadku ay u gudbiyaan booliska iyo
maxkamadaha dawliga ah si loogu rido xukummo
culus4. Guddoomiyaha Maxkamadda Degmada oo la
waraystayayaa xaqiijiyey arrintan.Hoos ka eeg
tusaale wanaagsan:
Nin reer Burtinle ah ayaa qabay labo dacwadood:
Mid waxa ay ahayd niman xoolo-daaqsato ah oo
dhacay ari uu isagu iska lahaa,tan kalena waxa ay
ahayd dacwad arrin lacageed ah oo isaga iyo qof kale
u dhaxaysay. Ninkii dhibanaha ahaa dacwaddiisii
dhaca xoolaha nool ahayd waxa uu horgeeyey odaydhaqameedyada, dacwadii lacagta ahaydna waxa uu
u gudbiyey booliska iyo maxkamadda dawliga ah.5
Aragti taas la mid ah waxa cabbiray doodkooxeedyada iyo xogogaalkala waraystay oo
tilmaamay in dadweynuhu u doorbidaan odayaasha
iyo
wadaadada
sababaha
kala
ah
dhexdhexaadnimada ama caddaalada iyo dhakhsaha
go’aan
qaadashada.6Taas
liddigeedda,
maxkamadaha dawliga ahi iyagu waxa ay dalbaan
lacag, waxa ayna ku qaadataa wakhti badan in ay
go’aan soo saaran.7
Dad badan oo ka mid xogogaalka iyo doodkooxeedyada waxa ay muujiyeen in dacwadaha loo
gudbiyo booliska iyo maxkamadaha dawliga ah ay
yihiin kuwo inta badan soo maray odayaasha,
kuwaas oo oggolaaday in la gudbiyo, ama mararka
qaarkoodwaa kuwo dhinacii garta lagu naqay ama
4
Dood-kooxeedka Burtinle ee Dhallinyarada. FGD, Op. cit.
Guddoomiyaha Maxkamadda Degmada Burtinle,
xogogaal la waraystay 11 Noofembar, 2015.
6
Dood-kooxeedka dumarka ah . 10 Noofembar, 2015.
5
Bogga
|10|
laga helay uu ka horyimid fulinta go’aanka
odayaasha. Aragtidani waxa ay intaas ku dartay, in
dadku kalsooni buuxda ku qabo odayaasha, sidoo
kalena, inkasta ay jirto tabasho, haddana booliska iyo
maxkamadaha dawliga ah iyagana si joogto ah
iyagana loogu geysto dacwadaha.8
Dhinaca sahankii Qoysaska, markii la qiimaynayay
heerka kalsoonidadadku ku qabaan wax-ka-qabadka
dembiyada and gacan-ka-hadalka, mar kale
odayaasha iyo boolisku waxa ay galeen safka hore
iyaga oo helay natiijo isku dhow oo ah 41% iyo 40%
sida ay u kala horreeyaan. Markan wadaadaduwaxa
y galeen kaalinta seddexaad iyaga oo helay 9%,
marka la barbardhigo dawladda hoose oo hoos ugu
dhacday kaalinta afraad iyada oo heshay taageero
4% (Jaantuska 18).
Jaantuska17: Qiimeynta Kalsoonida Adeegayaasha
Amniga Dhinaca Falcelinta Dembiyada iyo Gacan-kahadalka
Intaas waxa dheer, la-wareystayaasha goysaskuwaxa
aysheegeen in qiimaynta kalsoonida adeegayaasha
amniga loo hayo ay ku saleeyeen halbeegyo dhawr
ah. Booliska waxa ay ku jeclaysteen dhakhsaha
falcelinta (69%), iyo helitaanka fudud, laakiin waxa
uu ku sifoobay eex xilliga fulinta, taas oo gayaysiisay
in uu noqdo kan loogu xurmo daran yahay (3%).
7
Dood-kooxeedyada Dumarka iyo Dhalinyarada ee
Burtinle.
8Dood-kooxeedka Odayaasha ee Burtinle, 11th Noofembar
2015.
XARUNTA LA SOCODKA KHILAAFAADKA IYO KAHORTAGA RABSHADAHA
Wadaadadu waxa ay leeyihiin facelin degdeg ah
(63%) laakiin si fudud looma heli karo. Kooxda
seddexaad, oo ah odayaasha, waxa ay heleen xurmo
ka sarreysa kuwa kale, laakiin waxa ay ku hooseeyaan
helitaanka (25%), inkasta oo ay ka joogaan kaalinta
labaad arrintan.
Odayaasha falcelintoodu ma
dhakhso badna (19%), xagga fulintana waa ku liitaan
(17%).
Dawladda hoose waxa ay ka horrysaa odayaasha
(33%)
dhinaca
degdegsiinyaha
falcelinta,
isbarbardhig ahaan waa kaga fiican tahay (33%)
xaqsoorka fulintakuwa kale, waxa aynaugu horraysaa
fudeydka helidda (33%). Intaas kor ku xusan oo jirto,
haddana waxa la yaab leh in dawladda hoose aanay
wax xurmo ah ku lahayn bulshada dhexdeeda, taas
oo ka hor-imaanaysa natiijadeeda waxqabad ee kor
ku qeexan ee ka soo baxday qiimaynta qofeed marka
loo eego tan ay dadku siiyeen adeegayaasha bulsho
ee kale (Looxa 4).
Loox4: Qiimeynta La-wareystayaasha dhinaca
Doorshada Adeegayaasha Amniga ee Ugu Kalsooni
Badan
Marka la baaro kala duwanaanshaha aragtiyada
jinsiga dhinaca ku kalsoonaanta adeegayaasha
amniga, dumarku (48%) kalsooni ka badan tan ragga
(32%) ayaa ay u hibeeyeen booliska, halka kalsoonida
raggu u hayaan odaayasha ay wax yar ka sarreyso tan
dumarka (41% ragga, iyo 38% dumarka). 15% dumar
ah oo ay hortaallo 4% rag ahina waxa ay
kalsoonidooda siiyeen wadaadada oo galay kaalinta
seddexaad. Dawladda hoose waxa ay heshay
kalsoonida ugu yar oo dhan 7% ragga, oo ay hortaal
2% dumarka ah (Jaantuska 19).
Jaantuska18: Qiimeynta Kalsoonida
Adeegayaasha
Amniga
Dhinaca
Dembiyada iyo Gacan-ka-hadalka
Jinsi ee
Falcelinta
Sida ay muujinayso natiijada sahanka qoysaska, oo ka
koobnaa 91 la-warayste, bulshadu xurmo door ah
ayaa ay u haysaa Booliska Burtinle waayo in ka badan
labo seddex-meelood (68%) ayaa kalsooni uga
muujiyey booliska sida ay uga falceliyaan dembiyada
iyo gacan-ka-hadalka, iyada oo 43% kuwaas ka mid
ahi booliska siiyeen qiimayn ah ‘aad u sarreysa’, 25%
Sababaha
Kalsoonida
Adeegaha
Amniga
Dhakhsaha
Falcelinta
Xaqsoorka
Fulinta
Xurmada
loo Hayo
Fudeydka
Helidda
Saldhig
Adeegaha Amni Loogu Kalsooni Badan
Yahay Dhinaca Falcelinta Dembiyada iyo
Gacan-ka-hadalka
Odayaal Boolis Hoggaami Dawladda
Dhaqamed
yeyaasha
Hoose
ka
Diinta
19%
69%
63%
33%
17%
-
25%
33%
39%
3%
13%
33%
25%
28%
-
38
36
8
3
siiyeen ‘illaa heer sarreysa’. Kuwa u qiimeeyey
booliska si kale, 16% ka mid ahi waxa ay ku
Bogga
| 11
2015
QIIMAYNTA AMNIGA IYO KHLAAFAADKA DEGMADA BURTINLE
qiimeeyeen ‘hooseysa illaa heer’, iyo 5%
qiimeeyey ‘aad u hooseysa’(Jaantuska 20).
ku
Jaantuska20: Heerka Kalsoonida jinsi ee loo Hayo
Booliska
Jaantuska19: Heerka Kalsoonida loo Hayo Booliska
3.1.3. Waxqabadka Booliska
Dhinaca aragtiyaha jinsiga, ragga iyo dumarkuba
waxa ay booliska siiyeen qiimayn isu eeg; tiro badan
oo rag iyo dumar ah ayaa u nisbeeyey booliska
kalsooni aad u sareysa, marka loo eego tiro yar oo ku
qiimeysay ‘hooseysa illaa heer’.
Xaqiiqo ahaan, in wax yar ka hoosaysa kalabar (48%)
oo dumar ahi waxa ay sheegeen in ay si ‘aad u
sarreysa’ raalli ugayihiin adeegga booliska, iyada oo
20% dumar ahina ku qiimeeyeen ‘illaa heer sareysa’,
halka tiro yar oo dumar ahi ay ka mid ahaayeen
qaybtii ku qiimeysay booliska heerar hoose(14% rag
ah oo ku qiimeeyey ‘hooseysa illa heer’, 4% ragga u
arkay ‘aad u hooseysa’). Sidoo kale, ragguna waxa ay
muujiyeen saadaal togan oo la mid ah dumarka,
iyada oo 37% ka mid ahi siiyeen booliska qiimayn ah
‘aad u sarreysa’, 32% kalena siiyeen ‘sarreysa illa
heer’, taas oo ay hortaallo 20% iyo 7% rag ah oo ku
qiimeeyey adeegga booliska mid ‘hooseeya illaa
heer’ iyo ‘aad u hooseeya’ sida ay u kala horreeyaan
(Jaantuska 21).
9
Ku-xigeeka Taliyaha Booliska Qaybta Nugaal, Wareysi
Xogogaal, 10 Noofembar, 2015.
Bogga
|12|
Dadka xogogaalka ah iyo dood-kooxeedyadu waa
bogaadiyeen booliska waxa aanay ku gaar yeeleen in
uu yahay hay’adda keli ah ee leh awood-fulineed,
taas oo meelmarisa go’aannada/xukummada ay
gaaraan seddex hay’adood ee u adeega caddaaladda,
kuwaas oo ah maxkamadaha dawliga ah, xeerbeegtida, iyo maxkamadaha shareecada. Intaas waxa
sii dheer, in boolisku yihiin kuwa ilaaliya amniga
guud.
Taliye-xigeenka Booliska ee Gobolka Nugaal, waxa uu
shaaca qaaday in maalinba maalintaka dambeysa
boolisku samaynayaan horumar taas oo wax lagu
diirsado ah. Waxa uu yiri:
Dhowaan booliska Puntlaand waxa tababar lagu siiyey
Kuilliyadda Booliska ee Carmo, halkaas oo ay ka heleen
aqoon ku saabsan xoojinta xiriirka dadweynaha iyo
adkeynta nabadgelyada 9
Sidaas oo ay tahay, dadka xogogaalka ah ee la
waraystay, oo uu ka mid yahay Taliye-xigeenka
Qaybta Booliska Nugaal, waxa ay qireen in, in kasta
oo ay jiraan dhinacyahaas togani, booliska Burtinle
ka cawdo qalab yaraan iyo taakuleyn yari. Tan ayaana
wiiqday awooddiisa waxqabad iyo deg deg uga
falcelinta dembiyada iyo gacan-ka hadalka10
10
Dood-kooxeedka Dumarka Burtinle, Op. cit.
XARUNTA LA SOCODKA KHILAAFAADKA IYO KAHORTAGA RABSHADAHA
Booliska wax ay la’aan yihiin qalab ku filan iyo
taakuleyn si ay korugu qaadaan waxkaqabadkooda
iyo meelmarintadalabyada dadweynaha. Falcelinta
booliska ee dembiyada iyo gacan-ka-hadalku ma
ahan mid markasta dakhso leh arrimaha kore
awgood wana sababta keenta in marar badan laga
cawdo boolisku in uu ka soo daaho dalabyada deg
degga ah ee dadweynaha. Guddoomiyaha Xeerada
Barakayaasha iyo dood-kooxeedkii barakacayaasha
ee lala kulmay labaduba waxa ay dhalliileen falcelita
booliska marka iska-hor-imaad ka dhaco xerada
dhexdeeda oo ay booliska gargaar weydiistaan.
Inkasta oo aqlabiyad weyn oo la-wareystayaashu,
kuwaas oo ka badan labo seddex-meelood (67%),
qabaan in waxqabadka boolisku horumar sameeyay
sannadkii la soo dhaafay, haddana, meel shanmeelood ka mid ah la-wareystayaasha (22%) waxa ay
la noqotay ama u arkeen in aanu boolisku samayn
wax horumar ah. Waxa sii dheer, 10% waxa ay
sheegeen in waxqabadku boolisku hoos u
dhacaysannadkii la soo dhaafay. 11% iyagu waa
awoodi waayeen inay qiimayn sameeyaan
(Jaantuska22).
Jaantuska21: Aragtida La-wareystayaasha ee
Waqabad-sannadeedka Booliska
Xagga kala saaridda aragtiyada jinsiga, inkasta oo
labada jinsiba waxqabadka booliska ka dhiibteen
qiimeyn togan, haddana dumarka ayaa tiro badnaa
oo ahaa 62% oo ay hortaallo 51% rag ah. Laakiin
kuwa qabay in aan wax isbeddel ahi jirin, natiijadu
jinsigu isweydaar ayaa ay ahayd. Tirada ragga u
caddeeyey in aan isbeddel jirin labo jeer ayaa ay ka
badnaayeen dumarka la midka ah(ragga 32%,
dumarka 14%). Tirada ragga ayaa badbayd kuwa yiri
hoos ayaa uu u dhacay waxqabadka boolisku (12%
rag ah, iyo 8% dumar ah). Waxa xusid mudan in tirada
la-waraystayaasha ee qiimayn kari weyday
waxqabadka boolisku sarreysay iyada oo gaartay
20%, kuwaas oo 16% ka mid ahi dumar
ahaayeen(Jaantuska 23).
Jaantuska22: Aragtida La-wareystayaasha
Waxqabad-sannadeed Booliska-Heer Jinsi
ee
Marka aynu eegno qiimeynta waxqabadka booliska
ee xaafadaha Burtinle, 4 xaafadood waxa ay u
arkeen in waxqabadka boolisku kordhay
qiimayntooduna waxa ay u dhaxaysay 86% illaa 53%,
halka 41% dadkii laga waraystay xaafadda 5aad ee
xerada barakacayaashu u arkeen in aanay boolisku
wax horumar samayn. Tan dambe waxa laga yabaa in
ay labo arrimood sabab u yihiin; kow, xerada
barakacayaasha oo dhacda meel ka baxsan
magaalada weyn, iyo labo, booliska oo aan haysan
gaadiid iyo taakuleyn ku filan oo ay ku gaaraan
xerada, kuna bixiyaan gargaarkii looga baahnaa.
Heer xafaadeed marka hoos loogu dego, 86% lawaraystayaasha Wadajir waxa ay la ahayd in
waxqabadka boolisku horumar sameeyay, marka loo
eego 14% u aragtay in wax isbeddel ah aan la gaarin.
Xaafadda Hawlwadaag, 70% waxa ay u codeeyeen in
Bogga
| 13
2015
QIIMAYNTA AMNIGA IYO KHLAAFAADKA DEGMADA BURTINLE
boolisku horumar gaaray, taas oo ay liddi ku tahay
15% qaba in aan isbeddel jirin, iyo 5% iyaga ay la
tahay in uu dib-u-dhac jiroba. Xaafadda Horumar,
56% waxa ay sheegeen horumar, 19% isbeddel
la’aan, iyo 13% ku adkaystay in uu jiro dib-u-dhac.
53% ka mid ah La-waraystayaasha Israac waxa ay
sheegeen horumar, 24% isbeddel la’aan, halka 6% ku
adkeysteen hoos-u- dhac. Xaafadaha Israac iyo
Barakacayaashu wax ay ka sinnaayeen tirada ugu
badan (tiba 18%) ee qiimayn dhiibi kari waayday
(Jaantuska 24).
Jaantuska23: Aragtida La-wareystayaasha ee
Waxqabad-sannadeedka Booliska-Heer Xaafadeed
Haddii aynnu soo ururinno, Labadii nooc-sahan ee la
qaaday waxa ay muujiyeen aragti togan oo laga qabo
hawlgalka iyo waxqabadka booliska. Laakiin, inta
badan la-waraystayaashuwaxa ay farta ku fiiqeen
agab yarida booliska taas oo sabab u ah dib-udhacafalcelinta mararka qaarkood ka yimaadda
booliska. Waxa kale oo mudan in la tilmaamo
kaalinta mugga leh ee oday-dhaqameedyada,
hoggaamiyeyaasha diinta iyo hal-doorka bulshadu
kaga jiraan sugidda amniga degmada Burtinle. 12-13
sarkaal boolis ah ayaa magaalada Burtinle ka
hawlgala, iyada oo in ka badan 40 tuulo hoos
yimaadaan, taas oo muujinaysa yaraanta ba’an ee
tirada booliska. Guud ahaan, amniga degmadu waa
wanaagsan yahay marka loo eego magaalooyinka
waaweyn ee Puntland.
Bogga
|14|
XARUNTA LA SOCODKA KHILAAFAADKA IYO KAHORTAGA RABSHADAHA
3.1 ADEEGGA GARSOORKA
Degmada Burtinle waxa ay leedahay hal maxkamad
oo heer degmo ah, taas oo inta badan gasha
dacwadaha madaniga ah, in kasta oo si soo
kordhaysa
loogu
isticmaalayo
dacwadaha
dembiyada ah. Iyada oo ay ku xiran tahay
noociyadda dacwadda, haddana dadka is-haya ayaa
go’aamiya in la isla tago maxkamadaha dawliga ah
ama kuwa aan ahayn. Guddoomiyaha maxkamadda
degmadu waxa uu xaqiijiyay in dadweynuhu weli
doorbidaan in ay dacwadahooda u geystaan xeerbeegtida/odayaaasha11.
socon jiritaan maxkamadeed, halka 30% dumar
ahina la mid noqdeen (Jaantuska 26).
Jaantuska25: La-socodka Jinsi ee Jiritaanka
Maxkamado Dawli ah
Haddaba, qaybtan cilmibaaristu waxa ay diirrada
saareysaa aragtida la-waraystaasha ee ku saabsan
heerka hawlgal ee garsoorka, waxqabadkiisa,
kalsoonida lagu qabo iyo caddaaladda guud ahaan.
3.2.1 Heerka Hawlgalka
Sahankii Qoysaska ee laga qaaday waxa uu muujiyay
in ka badan kalabar 57% dadkii la waraystay in ay ka
warqabeen jiritaanka maxkamado dawli ah
(Jaantuska25).
Jaantuska24: La Socodka Jiritaanka Maxkamado
Dawli ah
Marka xaafad ahaan loo eego, guud ahaan in ka
badan labo afar-meelood wadarta guud ee la
waraystayaasha waxa ay sheegeen in ay la socdaan
jiritaanka maxkamado dawli ah, marka laga reebo
kuwa deggan xerada barakacayaasha oo 12% ka mid
ah la waraystayaasha halkaas deggani xaqiijiyeen
ogaalka jiritaanka maxkamado dawli ah. Xaafadaha
Wadajir iyo Hawl-wadaag, 14% iyo 15% sida ay u kala
horreeyaan, waxa ay caddeeyeen in aanay la socon
maxkamado dawli ah oo jira, halka in ka badan meel
afar-meelood dadka laga waraystay xaafadda Israac
qeexeen in aanay la socon jiritaan maxkamadeed.
Sidoo kale, in ka badan meel afar-meelood dadka
lagala kulmay xaafadda Horumar waxa ay muujiyeen
in aanay la socon jiritaanka maxkamado. Lawaraystayaasha Xerada barakacayaasha ayaa
muujiyey tirada ugu badan 82% ee aan la socon
jiritaanka maxkamadodawli ah (Jaantuska 27).
Farqi la sheego uma dhexayn jinsiga xagga la
socodka jiritaanka maxkamado dawli ah iyada oo
59% rag ahi jawaab togan bixiyeen halka dumarkuna
ahaayeen 56%. Sidoo kale34% rag ah oo la
waraystayaasha ahi waxa ay sheegeen in aanay la
11
Guddoomiyaha Maxkamadda Degmada Burtinle,
Xogogaal, Op. cit.
Bogga
| 15
2015
QIIMAYNTA AMNIGA IYO KHLAAFAADKA DEGMADA BURTINLE
Jaantuska26: La Socodka Jiritaanka Maxkamado
Dawli ah-Heer Xaafadeed
Jaantuska28: Qiyaasta La-wareystayaasha Fogaanta
Maxkamadda
Markii la weydiiyay tirada maxkamadaha kuwa
sheegay in ay la socdaan jiritaankooda, in ka badan
seddex afar-meelood (96%) ayaa caddeeyay ogaalka
hal maxkamad. Halka 2% iyagu sheegeen labo
maxkamadood (Jaantuska 28).
3.2.2 Waxqabadka Garsoorka
Jaantuska27: La-socodka La-wareystayaasha Tirada
Maxkamadaha Jira
Tiro ku dhaw seddex afar-meelood (64%) oo lawaraystayaasha ka mid ah waxa ay qiyaaseen in
maxkamaddu u jirto in ka yar 20 daqiiqo socod ah,
halka 18% sheegeen in ay u socon karaan inta u
dhaxaysa 20 illaa 40 daqiiqo. 14% kale waxa ay
qiyaaseen in ay u jirto 41 daqiiqo illaa hal saac socod
ah, iyo in yar on dhan 5% oo qiyaastay in ay u socon
karaan in ka badan saacad(Jaantuska 29).
12
Dood-kooxeedka Dhallinyarada Burtinle, Op. cit.
Bogga
|16|
Laga soo bilaabo burburkii Dawladdii Soomaaliyeed,
maxkamadaha dawliga ahi waxa ay ku dadaalayeen
in ay dib-u-hantaan kalsoonida shacabka iyo in ay
daboolaan filashada dadka dhinaca dhaqangelinta
caddaaladda. Inkasta oo inta badan doodkooxeedyadu isku raaceen in dadku u siman yahay
helitaanka caddaaladda, haddana aragtiyahooda
waa kala tageen markii la weydiiyey kuwa ay yihiin
adeegayaaasha garsoor ee loo ergoodaa. Sida ay soo
jeedisey dood-kooxeedka dhallinyaradu, dareen
laga muujiyey kharashka ku baxaya dacwadda iyo
heerkakalsooni ee qofku ku qabo adeegaha garsoor
ayaa noqday labada arrimood ee ugu muhiimsan ee
saldhigga u ah doorashada adeegaha: “Dadku waa u
siman yihiin garsoorka, inkasta oo dadku aanay
kalsooni sidaas ah ku qabin maxkamadaha dawliga
ah”.12
Kuwii lagu waraystay sahankaQoysaska, adeegaha
garsoor ee loogu badan yahay 12 bilood ee la soo
dhaafay waxa uu noqday odayaal-dhaqameedka
(12%), oo ay soo xigtay maxkamadda dawliga ah taas
oo ay isticmaaleen 10% dadkii la waraystay oo idil.
Isticmaalka wadaadada waxa lagu qiyaasay 4%
tirada la waraystay (Jaantuska 30).
XARUNTA LA SOCODKA KHILAAFAADKA IYO KAHORTAGA RABSHADAHA
Jaantuska29: Isticmaalka Adeegayaasha Kala
Duwan ee Garsoorka
La-waraystayaasha13%ka mid ahi waxa u gaardhiibteen odayaasha sannadkii tegey, saamiga raggu
(22%) afar jeer ayaa uu ka batay kan dumarka (6%),
taas oo tilmaamaysa dareenka jinsigu in uu kaalin
weyn ka ciyaarayo doorashada.Sidoo kale,
isticmaalka wadaadadu waxa uu muujiyey jeenjeer
jinsi oo ah 7% rag iyo 2% dumar ah. Dhinaca kale,
nooca jinsigu saamayn kuma yeelan isticmaalka
maxkamadaha dawliga ah, waayo ragga iyo dumarku
waa sinmeen isbarbardhig ahaan (kiiba 10%). Eeg
(Jaantuska 31).
Jaantuska30: Isticmaalka Jinsi ee Adeegayaasha
Garsoorka
13
Dood-kooxeedka Dhallinyarada Burtinle, Op. cit.
Sida badan, isticmaalka adeegayaasha kala duwan
ee garsoor waxa yeeriya noociyada dacwadda, iyo
doorbidkadareenka
qof-ahaaneed
ee
lawaraystayaashu ka qabaan kuwaa ay u arkaan in
loogu heli ogyahay uguna isku-hallayn badan,
tusaale ahaan, kaqaybgale ka mid ahaa doodkooxeedkii dhallinyaradu waxa uu yiri:
Adeegayaasha garsoorka dhexdooda, Odayaasha ayaa
haysta kalsoonida ugu sarreysa waayo: b) wax lacag ah
ma qaataan, (laakiin kaqaybgale kale ayaa diiday isaga
oo sheegey in mararka qarkood odayaashu lacag
qaataan, iyo in odayaasha loo doorbido sababo kale sida
kalsoonida iyo dhakhsaha kala goynta arrinta
(dacwadda), t) iyaga oo markasta diyaar ah lana helo,
iyo j) Iyaga oo ku sifoobay daacadnimo iyo eex la’aan.13
Doorbidka isticmaalka odayaasha waxa sii xoojiyey
dood-kooxeedka dumarka, halkaas oo laga
dhawaajiyey aragtida ah in sababta ugu weyni tahay
in odayaashu yihiin “kuwa ugu xogogaalsan,
go’aankooduna ka khafiifsan yahay kan
maxkamadaha dawliga ahoo dhiiba ciqaabo culus.
Maxkamadaha dawliga ahi waxa ay Odayaasha
kaga duwan yihiin iyagu ma oggola dhexdhexaadin
ama isu-tanaasul”.14
Isku-qabsi dhul, dacwado la xiriira qoyska, gacan-kahadal qoys, farasaar, iyo weeraro ka yimaadda
dhallinta ayaa ah shaqaaqooyinka ugu soo noqodka
badan ee ay xalliyaan adeegayaasha garsoorka
Burtinle. Looxa 5 waxa uu muujinayaa
arrimaha/dacwadaha
la-waraystayaashu
u
14
Dood-kooxeedka Dumarka Burtinle, Op. cit.
Bogga
| 17
2015
QIIMAYNTA AMNIGA IYO KHLAAFAADKA DEGMADA BURTINLE
gudbiyeen adeegayaasha kala duwan ee garsoorka
sannadkii tegey.
Jaantuska31: Soosaarka Go’aannada
Shaxda 5: Noocyada Dacwadaha Loo Gudbiyey
Garsoorka
Adeegayaasha Garsoor
Dacwadaha
Loo
Gudbiyey
Adeegayaa
sha
Garsoorka
Isku-qabsi
Dhulka
Dacwado
Ganacsiyeed
Dhac
Gacan-kahadalka
Dhallinyarad
a
Gacan-kahadalka
Qoyska
Farasaar
Qaybinta
Gargaarka
Base
Maxkama
daha
Dawliga
ah
Odayaal
Dhaqame
edka
Wadaadada
56%
33%
75%
-
-
-
-
8%
-
33%
11%
67%
8%
25%
25%
11%
9
12
4
Tiro aad u badan of dadkii la waraystay ahi waxa ay
caddeeyeen in xukunnada garsoorku gaarey la
fuliyey.
Dhammaan
(100%)
go’aannadii
xeerbeegtidu (odayaasha) gaareen waa fuleen,
halka in ku dhaw 6 ka mid ah 10kii qof ee la
waraystayaasha ahaa (67%) ee maxkamadaha
dawliga dacwadahooda go’aamiyeen la fuliyey.
Kalabar la-waraystayaashii (50%) dacwadahooda ay
go’aamiyeen wadaadadu waa la fuliyey, laakiin
kalabar kale ee dacwadahooda wadaadada u gestey
ma bixin jawaab (Jaantuska 33).
Jaantuska32: Fulinta Go’aannada
Marka aynnu eegno dadka garsoorka dacwadaha u
gudbiyey, inta sheegtay in ay go’aan heleen waxa
ugu sarreya maxkamadaha dawliga ah, kuwaas oo
67% caddeeyeen in ay go’aan heleen, marka la
barbardhigo 58% ka mid ah kuwii u tegey odayaasha
oo helay go’aanno. Halka wadaadadu ahaayeen
kuwa loogu iscmaal yaraa, iyaga oo 50% dadkii u
tegey siiyeen go’aanno (Jaantuska 32)
Dadkii xogogaalka ahaa iyo dood-kooxeedkii lala
kulmay waxa ay iftiimiyeen in dhalliilo ka jiraan
fulinta go’aannada maxkamadaha dawliga ah sida ay
cabbirtay dood-kooxeedka dhallinyaradu oo
tilmaantay in ay dhibta keentay jiritaanka isgarabsi
dhowr arrimood ah:“b) hay’ado sharci-fulin tamardaran.
Waxa laga yaabaa in dacwaysanuhu diido in uu maxkamadda hor
Bogga
|18|
XARUNTA LA SOCODKA KHILAAFAADKA IYO KAHORTAGA RABSHADAHA
yimaaddo ama saldhigga booliska marka loo yeero, iyo t) kalsooni
aan lagu qabin garsoorka maxkamadaha dawliga ah.15
Guddoomiyaha maxkamadda degmadu waxa uu ku
tiraabay in ganaaxyo lacageed oo lagu
lammaaneeyey adeegsiga boolisku ay dhiirrigelisay
dadku in ay u hoggaansamaan fulinta go’aannada ka
soo baxa maxkamadaha dawliga ah: “Booliska waa
kuwa meelmariya ama fuliya go’aannada
maxkameed ee magaalada Burtinle, laakiin kuwa
garta lagu naqohad iyo jeer waxa ay u
hoggaansamaan go’aanka haddii uu xukunka la
socda ganaax ku waajibaya qofka fulinta diida.16
doodeeda odayaashu waxa ay ahayd in dawladda
Puntland aqoonsato kaalinta muhiimka ah ee
odayaashu ku jiraan “waa in dawladdu garwaaqsato doorka
ammaanta leh ee odayaasha, waana in ay siiso taakuleynta
lagama maarmaanka”.19
Dood kale oo loo qabtay dood-kooxeedka
dhallinyarada waxa daaha ka qaadday in ay lagama
maarmaan tahay in la xoojiyo la-xisaabtanka
garsoorayaasha si xaqiijiyo garsoor caddaalad ah ,
waana in la helo guddi kormeer oo qiimeeya
hawlgalka. Waxa kale ee kooxdani soojeedisay in
shaqaalaha maxkamadaha lagu saleeyo maxaad
taqaan halkii ka ahaan lahayd ayaa taqaan.20
Aragtida laga Qabo Adeegayasha
Marka loo yimaaddo xeerbeegtida, iyagu waxa ay ku3.2.3
Garsoorka
tiirsan yihiin xeer-dhaqameedka oo dadku u
hoggaansan yahay, taas ayaana laga yaabaa in ay
41% ka mid ah kaqaybgalayaashii sahanka qoysaska
inoo sharaxdo sababta sida aadkau sarreysa ee ay u
waxa u codeeyeen in odayaashu yihiin adeegaha
fulaan go’aannada xeerbeegtidu “labada dhinac ee is
garsoor ee loogu kalsooni badan yahay dhinaca
haya marka hore waxa ay saxeexaan qoraal in ay ku kalsoon yihiin
xallinta khilaafaadka. Wadaadda ayaa soo galay
xeerbeegtida (waa qoor-dhiibtaan), waxa ayna ballanqaadaan in
kaalinta labaad ee kalsoonida iyaga oo helay
ay oggolaanayaan go’aanka odayaasha garta qaadaya.Marka mar
kalsooni dhan 19% ee la wareystayaasha,
haddii bulshadu Muslim tahay, waxa hubaal ah in ay
maxkamadaha dawliga ah iyo boolisku kalsooni dhan
dhibbanayaashu sidaas ku aqballayaan go’aannadaas intooda
17
4% iyo 2% sida ay kala horreeyaan. Laakiin in ka
badan”.
badan meel afar-meelood (25%) dadka lala kulmay
Isbeddelka Loo baahan Yahay
jawaab ma bixin (Jaantuska 34).
Guddoomiyaha Maxkamaddu waxa uu farta ku fiiqay
meelo u baahan kobcin si loo xoojiyo gudashada
waajibaadka garsoorka ee maxkamadaha:
Jaantuska 33: Qiimeynta Kalsoonida Adeegayaasha
Garsoorka
Waxa maxkamadan joogi jiray seddex garsoore iyo hal
guddoomiye maxkamadeed sannadihii 2006-2008
laakiin 2009 waxa lagu soo koobay hal garsoore iyada
oo ay degmada hoose yimaadaan 41 tuulo, taas oo
lagama maarmaan ka dhigeysa helitaanka garsoorayaal
dheeraad ah. Ma haysanno gaadiid iyo taakuleyn
kaleba.
Dood-kooxeedka odayaashu waxa uu la aragti ahaa
guddoomiyaha maxkamadda iyaga oo ka hadlay
saameynta la’aanta hawlwadeenno aqoon leh ku
yeelatay fulinta garsoorka.18Soojeedin kale ee koox15
Dood-kooxeedka Dhallinyarada Burtinle Op. cit.
Guddoomiyaha Maxkamadda Degmada Burtinle, KII,
Op. cit.
17
Oday-dhaqameed ka mid ah dood-kooxeed, Op. cit.
16
18
Dood-kooxeedka Odayaasha Burtinle iyo Xogogaalka
Burtinle, Op. cit.
19
La mid
Bogga
| 19
2015
QIIMAYNTA AMNIGA IYO KHLAAFAADKA DEGMADA BURTINLE
Wax soo baxday kala taggaanaan xogeed markii loo
kala saaray jinsi ahaan. Odayaasha waxa aqoonsaday
adeegaha garsoor ee loogu jecel yahay rag iyo
dumarba; laakiin ragga (46%) ayaa u muuqday in
kalsooni dheeraad u hayaan odayaasha marka loo
eego dumarka (36%, oo iyagu uga janjeer badnaa
ragga dhinaca u xaglinta maxkamadaha dawliga ah
iyo (6% dumarka iyo 4% ragga). Tiro door ah oo rag
(22%) iyo dumar leh (28%) ma dhiiban codkooda
(Jaantuska 35)
Jaantuska34: Xulashada Jinsi ee Adeegayaasha
Garsoor ee loogu Kalsooni Badan Yahay
Jaantuska35: Heerka Kalsoonida La-wareystayaashu
ku Qabaan Nidaamka Garsoor ee Rasmiga ah
j
Xagga jinsiga marka la eeggo, waxa soo baxday in
tirada dumarka (34%) ‘Aad ugu kalsoon’ nidaamka
garsoor ee rasmiga ah ka badan yihiin ragga (28%),
halka tirada ragga (35) ‘Ku kalsoon illaa heer’ ka
badan yihiin dumarka (22%). Mar kale sidii ka jirtay
jawaabihii hore, saamiga aad badan oo lawareystayaashi ahi wax jawaab ma bixin (ragga:
20%, iyo dumar: 30%). eeg Jaantuska 37.
Markii la weydiiyey sababaha loo kala jeclaysto
adeegayaasha garsoorka waxa ugu baadnaa oo la
xusay in lagu xushay maxkamadaha dawliga ah iyo
wadaadada ay noqdeen xaqsoor garsoor (75%
maxkamadaha, 56% wadaadada). Loox 6 waxa uu
soo bandhigayaa sababaha kaqaybgalayaashu ku
xusheen adeegayaasha garsoor ee loogu xushmad
badan yahay
Shaxda5: Sababaha Kalsoonida Adeegaha
Garsoore
Sababta
Kalsoonida
Adeegaha
Garsoor
Dhakhsaha
Go’aanka
Xaqsoorka
Go’aanka
Ka
Madaxbanaani
da Siyaasadda
Kharash Yarida
Fudeydka
Helidda
Ku Tashiga
Waxa kale oo diraasaddu isku dayday in ay
qiimeyso kalsoonida lagu qabo nidaamka garsoor Saldhig
ee rasmiga ah. Sida uu qeexayo sahanka
guriyeedku, 59% ka mid ah la-wareystayaashu waxa
ay caddeeyeen in ay kalsooni ku qabaan nidaamka
garsoor ee rasmiga ah (31% ku codeeyey ‘aad ugu
kalsoon’, iyo 28% ku codeeyey ‘ku kalsoon illaa
heer’). Laakiin 16% ayaa ku adkeystey in aanay ku
kalsoonayn nidaamka garsoor ee rasmiga ah, halka
in ku dhaw 26% aanay bixin wax jawaab
ah(Jaantuska 36).
Bogga
|20|
Adeegaha Garsoor ee Loogu Kalsooni Badan
Yahay Xallinta Dacwadaha
Maxkama
OdayaalWadaadad Booliska
dda
dhaqameedka
a
Dawliga
ah
100%
25%
30%
-
75%
8%
56%
-
41%
19%
-
3%
6%
-
11%
19%
-
8%
-
-
4
37
16
2
-
100%
XARUNTA LA SOCODKA KHILAAFAADKA IYO KAHORTAGA RABSHADAHA
Jaantuska36: Kalsoonida Lagu Qabo Nidaamka
Garsoor ee Rasmiga ah-Heer Jinsi
Ayaa iyagu ku dooday in waxqabadka maxkamaduhu
aanay horumar samayn ama ay la noqotay in ay
horumar gaareen sannadka la soo dhaafay. Intaas
marka laga yimaaddo, saamiga dumarka (8%) qaba
in uu jiray hoos-u-dhac ayaa waxoogaa ka badnaa
ragga (7%) sidaas oo kale qabay. Mar kale in ka
badan 40% oo ka mid ah la-wareystayaasha labka ahi
ra’yigooda a dhibaan, taas oo ay la socoto 32%
dumar ah Iyana aan jawaabin (Jaantuska39).
Jaantuska38: Aragtida Waxqabad-sannadeedka
Maxkamadaha Dawliga-Heer Jinsi
In wax yar waabsan meel-afraad (23%) lawareystayaasha waxa la ahaatay in waxqabadka
maxkamadaha dawliga ahi korshay. Halka 30% ka
mid ah la-wareystayaashu u arkeen in aan wax
horumar ah aanay gaarin, iyo 8% iyaga dareemay
dib-u-dhac. Waxase aan la layaab ahayn in afar ka
mid ah toban kasta oo la-wareystayaasha ahi aanay
jawaab bixin ama aanay garan sida loo jawaabo
(Jaantuska38).
o
Jaantuska37: Aragtida Waxqabad-sannadeedka
Maxkamadaha Dawliga ah
Aragti togan oo ku wajahan waxqabadka
maxkamadaha dawliga ah sannadkii la soo dhaafey
waxa muujiyey la-wareystayaasha labka ah, waayo
in ku dhaw 61% oo rag ah oo ay barbartaal 46%
dumar ah
Bogga
| 21
2015
QIIMAYNTA AMNIGA IYO KHLAAFAADKA DEGMADA BURTINLE
3.3 ADEEGGA MAAMULKA
Jaantuska39: La-socodka Jawaab-bixiyeyaasha
Jiritaanka Golaha Degaanka
Burtinle waa degmo heerka labaad ah waxaana hoos
yimaada 42 tuulo, waxa ay la jaar tahay siddeed
degmo oo kale. Maamulka degmada waxa la unkay
bishii October ee sannadkii 2015.Waxa uu ka
koobanyahay maamulka degmadu 21 xildhibaan iyo
2 kale oo loogusoo daray si ay u xalliyaan
khilaafaadka u dhaxeeya qabiillada kala duwan ee
degmada. Maamulka dawladda hoose waxa uu ka
koobanyahay Duqa, Ku-xigeenka duqa, xoghayaha
dawladda
hooseiyo madaxdaafar waaxood
(maaliyadda, qorsheynta, adeegga bulshada, iyo
hawlaha guud).21Inkasta oo maamulku uu curdin
yahay dakhli badanna aanu haysan, waxa uu ku
dadaalaa in uubixiyo adeegyada guud.22
Qaybtan waxa lagu qiimaynayaa jiritaanka, ka
warhaynta, waxqabadka, dhexgalka, sida loo arko
maamulka degmada Burtinle, iyo caqabadaha soo
waajaha.
Marka la is barbardhigoxogta ragga iyo dumarka,
wax yar oo kala duwanaansho ah ayaa baxay, halka
haweenku ay ka warhayeen jiritaanka golaha
deeganka in wax yar ka badan ragga (82% haween
ah iyo 82% Rag ah). EegJaantuska 41.
3.3.1 Heerka Hawlgalka
Markii la waydiiyay jiritaanka golaha deegaanka,
aqlabiyad aad u badan (81%) jawaab-bixiyaasha
qoysaska ayaa sheegtay in ay ogsoonyihiin jiritaanka
maamulka degmada. Sidii ay doontobaa ha noqotee,
12% jawaab-bixiyaasha ayaan jawaab bixin,halka 7%
aanay
ka
warhayn
jiritaanka
golaha
deeganka(Jaantuska. 40).
21
Xildhibaan Golaha Degaanka, Xogogaal, Op. cit.
Bogga
|22|
22
Duqa Burtinle, Xogogaal, 10th Noofembar, 2015
XARUNTA LA SOCODKA KHILAAFAADKA IYO KAHORTAGA RABSHADAHA
Jaantuska40: La-socodkaJinsiga ee Jiritaanka Golaha
Deegaanka
Inta badan jawaab-bixiyaasha xaafadaha kala
duwani waxa ay ka warhayeen jiritaanka golaha
deegaanka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka warhaynta
golaha deegaanku waxa ay ku badnayd xaafadda
Wadajir (100%) oo ay ku dhawayd xaafadda Israac
(94%). Qiyaastii 81% iyo 70% jawaab-bixiyaasha
deggan xaafadda Horumar iyo Hawl-wadaag iyana
waa ay ka warhayeen jiritaanka golaha deegaanka,
halka kawarhaynta maamulka degmadu ku
hooseeyay deegaanka barakacayaasha (Kaam1),
halkaas oo 59% jawaab-bixiyaashu sheegeen in ay ka
warhayaan
jiritaanka
golaha
deegaanka.
(Jaantuska42).
3.3.2. Waxqabadka Golaha Degaanka
Golaha degaanka Burtinle waxa uu qabtaa adeegyo
kala duwan oo ay uga gol leeyihiin kobcinta bilicda
degmada iyo horumarkeeda. Sida uu Duqu,oo
kaqaybqaatay waraysi xog-ogaal ah, sharraxay
taakuleynta dawladda hoose ku kabto sugidda
amniga xilliyada habeenkii:“Golaha deegaanku waxa uu
bixiyaaa shidaalka ciidanka booliska ee xilliyada habeenkii
roondada ku jira gaafwareegana magaalada dhexdeeda”.23
Jaawab-bixiyaashii ka warhayay jiritaanka golaha
deegaanka, in ka yar kala bar(43%) ayaa sheegay in
golaha deegaanku bixiyo adeegga amniga, halka 35%
ay ku jawaabeen in aanay ogsoonayn adeegyado ay
bixiyaan golaha deegaanku. Si kastaba ha ahaatee,
qayb ka midah dadkii ka warhayay jiritaanka golaha
deeganku waxa ay sheegeen in ay ka shaqeeyaan
kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha (27%), iyo kaabista
caafimaadka iyo waxbarashada (24% midkiiba),sidoo
kale nadaafadda iyo waxbarashada ayaa ay
sheegeen (22% midkiiba). Qayb aad u yar oo jawaabbixiyaasha ah ayaa ka warhayay in golaha deeganku
kaalin ka qaato bixinta biyaha (20%), beeraha (7%),
iyo xiriirka dawladda iyo dadweynaha (4%). Eeg
Jaantuska 43.
Jaantuska42: La-socodkaJawaab-bixiyaasha
Adeegyada Golaha Degaanka
Jaantuska41: La-socodka Jawaab-bixiyeyaasha
Jiritaanka Golaha Degaanka-Heer Xaafadeed
Amniga
23
Duqa Burtinle, Xogogaal, Op. cit.
Bogga
| 23
2015
QIIMAYNTA AMNIGA IYO KHLAAFAADKA DEGMADA BURTINLE
Wadashaqayn ayaa ay booliska iyo golaha degaanku
leeyihiin, iyada oo maamulka degmadu siiyaan
booliska shiidal iyo qarashaadka kale ee ay u
baahdaan si ay habeenkii u gaaf wareegaan
magaalada una sugaan amniga, iyada oo ay dhacaan
arrimo amni-daro oo yayar sida dhaca moobillada.24
Guddoomiyaha barakacayaasha ayaa sheegay isaga
oo ka hadlaya amniga qofeed, “Ciyaalka barakacayaasha
ee subaxa hore taga magaalada si ay u raadiyaan quudkooda,
marka ay habeenkii soo noqonayaan waa la dhacaa, la boobaa,
lana garaacaa”.25
degmadu wax adeeg caafimaad ah oo ay noo qabtaan
ma jiraan.28
Kaqaybgalayaashii dood-wadareedka odayaasha
waxa ay sidoo kale iftiimiyeen arrimo kale oo la
xiriira daryeelka caafimaad, waxaayna yiraahdeen:
Cusbitaalku si fiican uma shaqeeyo; shaqaalaha
cusbitaalku ma helaan mushaharaad, magaaladani ma
laha adeegyadii ay magaalo lahaan lahayd. Qalab
badan ayaa yaala cusbitaalka laakin dhakhaatiir ma
joogaan, dhakhaatiirku waxa ay furtaan gooba
caafimaad oo ay gaar u leeyihiin si ay u helaan
dakhli.29
Waxbarashada
Kas oo qaybgalayaashii kaamka barakacayaashu
waxa ay sheegeen in waxbarashadu tahay baahida
ugu wayn ee bulshada tebeyso. Gaar ahaan kaqaybgalayaasha dood-wadareedka ayaa yiri:
“Ciyaalkayagu waxa ay dugsiyada ka dhigtaan magaalada,
inkasta oo aannu aad uga durugsan nahay magaalada.Waxa
aannu doonaynaa in dugsiyo naloogu sameeyo ciyaalkayaga
degaanka barakacayaasha dhexdiisa”.26
Kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha/ qurxinta magaalada
Sida ay sheegeen kaqaybgalayaashii doodii
dhalinyartu, golaha degaanku waxa uu xoogga
saarayaa qurxinta magaalada iyo ballaarinta
waddooyinka, gaar ahaan xaafadaha dhexdooda.27
3.3.3 Wadatashiga maamulka
Jiritaanka xiriirro kala duwan iyo la tashigo waxa ay
kaalin door ah ka qaatadaan qaybqaadashada
go’aan dejinta. Iyada oo taas maskaxda lagu hayo,
dadka waxa la waydiiyay sida ay uga warhayaan
jiritaanka l tashi iyo xiriir maamulka iyo
dadweynaha.Diraasadda waxa ka badan meel
saddex-meelood (32%) dadkii ka warhayay jiritaanka
golaha deegaanku, sidoo kale, ka warhayeen
jiritaanka xiriirro kala duwan.Eeg jaantuska 44.
Jaantuska43: La-socodkaJawaab-bixiyaasha ee
Jiritaanka xiriirro Dadweyne
Caafimaadka
Mar labaad ayaa ay kaqaybgalayaashii ka socday
degaanka barakacayaashu sheegeen in degmada iyo
kaamkooduba u baahanyahay adeeg caafimaad gaar
ahaan xarumaha xanaanada hooyoda iyo
dhallaanka:
Daryeel la’aanta caafimaad waxa ay khatar wayn ku
tahay hooyooyinka iyo dhalaankaba. Hooyooyinka
uurka lihi ma helaan adeeggii caafimaad ee aasaasiga
ahaa, mararka qaarna maba helaan adeegga dhalmada.
Qaar badan oo ka midah ayaa ciyaalkii ka dhinteen
daryeel la’aan caafimaad,inta bandanna hooyooyinku
waaba ay xanuunsadaaan. Xarumaha caafimaad ee
24
27
25
28
Duqa Burtinle, Xogogaal, Op. cit.
Guddoomiyaha Barakayaasha Burtinle, Xogogaal, 11th
November
26
Barakacaasha Burtinle, Dood-kooxeed, 11th November
2015
Bogga
|24|
Dhallinyarada Burtinle, Dood-kooxeed, Op. cit.
Barakacaasha Burtinle, Dood-kooxeed, Op. cit.
29
Odayaasha Burtinle, Dood-kooxeed, Op. cit.
XARUNTA LA SOCODKA KHILAAFAADKA IYO KAHORTAGA RABSHADAHA
Marka loo kala saaro jinsi ahaan kuwa la socday
jiritaanka golaha degaanka, ragga badankiisa iyo in
ka hooseysa kalabar dumarka waxa ay caddeeyeen
in ay la socdaan xiriirrada jira ee golaha degaanka
(52% rag ah iyo 37% dumar ah), halka labada jinsiba
saddex kasta oo ka mid ah tobankiiba (30% rag ah
iyo 34% dumar ah) ay sheegeen in aanay ka warhayn
xiriirro ay
golaha degaanku la sameeyaan
shacabka(Jaantuska 45).
ka badan 71% aanay bixin jawaab cad (Jaantuska.
46).
Jaantuska45: Ka warhaynta jawab bixiyaasha ee
siyaabaha kala duwan ee loola xidhiidho golaha
deegaanka
Jaantuska44: La-socodka Heer Jinsi ee Jiritaanka
xiriirro ay Golaha Degaanku La Leeyahay
Dadweynaha
Markii la eegay goobaha kala duwan waxa lagu kala
duwanaa ka warhaynta jiritaanka golaha
deegaanka, Iyadoy ahaayeen ilaa 50%jawaab
Diraasada waxa kasoo baxay in waxoogaha ka yar
saddex meelawdaw meel (28%)jawaab bixiyaasha
ayaa sheegay in ay ka qayb qaateen kulamo
wadatashi oo ay bulshada rayidka ahi ay la yeeltay
xubnaha
golaha
deegaanka
sanadkiihore
(Jaantuska.47).
Jaantuska46: ka qaybgalka jawaab bixiyaasha ee
kulamada lala yeesho maamulka degmada
bixiyaasha xaafadaHorumar iyo Israac (62% iyo 56%
midkiiba)aanay ka warhayn siyaabaha kala duwan
ee loola xidhiidho xubnaha golaha deegaanka, oo
ay soo weheliso 48% iyo 30% ah deegaanka xaafada
Wadajir iyo Barakacayaasha (xerada1). xaqiiqdii,
Inta badan jawaab bixiyayaasha aan ka warhayn
siyaabaaha loola xidhiidho golaha deegaanka waxay
kasoo jeedeen barakacayaasha (70%). Kuwa
kawarhayta xidhiidhka mamulka degmada ugu
hooseeyay waxay ahaayeen deegaanka xaafada
Hawl-wadaag taasoo kaliya 14% ay ka warhayeen in
Falanqayn dheeraad ah oo lagu sameeyay ragga iyo
haweenka ayaa ay kasoo baxday jawaabo isku mid
Bogga
| 25
2015
QIIMAYNTA AMNIGA IYO KHLAAFAADKA DEGMADA BURTINLE
ah 30% rag ah iyo 27% haween ah ayaa ka qayb
qaatay kulamada wadatashi ee lala yeeshay golaha
deegaanka. (Jaantuska. 48).
Jaantuska47: Ka qaybgalka jawaab bixiyaasha ragga
iyo haweenka ah ee kulamada maamulka degmada
Kasoo qaybgalayaashii sheegay in ay dhawaan ka
qaybqaateen kulamo wadatashi oo ay la yeesheen
golaha deegaanka (n=25),kuwii ka qayb qaatay in ka
badan saddex, laba ilaa saddex ayaa waxa kasoo
baxday xogtan soo socota: 38%, 29% iyo 24%
midkiiba. Kuwa ka qaybqaatay hal mar oo kaliya
waxa ay ahaayeen qaybta ugu yar gaadhaysana
10%.Daalaco Jaantuska 50.
Jaantuska49: Tirada ka qaybqaadashada
wadatashiga lala yeeshay golaha deegaanka (12 kii
bilood ee ugu danbeeyay)
Deegaanka xaafadaha Israac (44%), Horumar (38%)
iyo Wadajir (29%) ayaa ugu badnaa kulamada
wadatashi ee golaha deegaanka. Dhanka kale, in ka
badan 93% kasoo jeeda xaafada Hawl-wadaag iyo
80% kasoo jeeda barakacayaasha (xerada 1) ayaa
sheegay in aanay ka qayb-qaadan wadatashi lala
yeeshay golaha deegaanka sanadkii ka horeeyay
diraasada.
(jantuska.49).
Jaantuska48: Ka qaybqaadashada jawaabbixiyaasha xaafadaha kala duwan ee kulamada
wadatashiga golaha deegaanka
Arinka in lala yeeshay kulan wadatashi bulshada,
maayarku waxa uu sheegay in kulamo dhawr ah lala
yeeshay bulshada iyo gudiyadoodaba si looga hadlo
arimaha iyo baahiyaha bulshada. Maayarku waxa uu
yidhi:
“Magaaladu waxa ay u qaybsantahay xaafado kala duwan,
midkastana waxa hogaamiya guddi ay deegaanku soo
doorteen. Waxa sidoo kale jira guddi xeer-beegti ah, Kuwas
oo loo yeedho marka arrin muhiim ahi yimaado. UNDP
waxay u dhistay odayaasha gurri ay ku arinsadaaan. Golaha
deeganku waxa uu sidoo kale xidhiidh dhaw la leeyahay
qaybaha bulshada sida dhalinyarta, haweenka, guddiyada
Bogga
|26|
XARUNTA LA SOCODKA KHILAAFAADKA IYO KAHORTAGA RABSHADAHA
ciyaaraha I.W.M. Waxaanu xidhiidh joogto ah la leenahay
dhamaan xubnahan bulshada rayidka ah”.30
Dood-wadareedkii haweenku waxa ay maayarka ku
taageereen in golaha deegaanka degmadu si joogto
ah ula yeesho wadatashi bulshada deegaanka
“…waxa ay imika noo soo bandhigeen waxqabadkooda, iyo
caqabadaha haystaba si aanu wax ugala qabano”.31
3.3.4 Sida loo arko golaha deegaanka
Markii la waydiiyay in ay muhiim tahay in la doorto
xubnaha golaha deegaanka, aqlabiyad badan oo ka
mida jawaab bixiyaasha (90%) ayaa isku raacay in ay
muhiim
tahay(Jaantuska.
51).Inta
kasoo
qabgalayaashii dood-wadareedku waxay taageereen
fikirkii qoysaska ee ahaa in la doorto gole deegaan in
ay muhiim tahay iyagoo yidhi “Haa waa muhim in la
doorto golaha deegaanka maxaa yeelay maayarka iyo xubnaha
kalaba anaga dooranay waxaanay matalayaan dadka
degmada”.32
golaha deegaanku ku helay kalsoonida waxa kamida in ay
baabiiyeen dhulkii layska xidhan jiray iyo in ay horumariyeen
nadaafada iyo tayodhawrka degmada”33iyagoo ku
andacoonaya “Maayarka iyo golaha deegaanka imika xilka
hayaa waxay aad uga fiicanyihiin kuwii ka horeeyay”.34
Waxa intaa dheer, Odayaal dhaqameedku waxay ka
warhayeen caqabadaha iyo duruufaha dhaqaale ee
ku xeeraan qabashada golaha deegaanka ee
adeegyada guud “Magaaladani aad ayay u balaadhantaahay,
golaha deegankuna ma laha awood dhaqaale oo aad u sii
badan”.35
Aqlabiyad aad u balaadhan oo isku jirta haween
(92%) iyo raggba (88%) ayaa sheegtay muhimadda
iin golaha deegaanka la doorto.(Jaantuska. 52).
Jaantuska51: Fikirka jawaab bixiyaasha ragga iyo
haweenka ku aadan gole deegaan oo lasoo doortay
Jaantuska50: Aragtida jawaab bixiyaasha eek u
aadan in lasoo doorto gole deegaan
Waxa sidoo kale jawaab bixiyaashu si fiican u
arkayeen
waxqabadka
golaha
deegaanka.
Jawabahooda waxa udub dhexaad u ahaa in golaha
deegaanku
waxqabadkooda
ku
kasbadeen
taageeradda deegaanka degmada: “Waxayaabaha ay
Iyadoon loo eegahayn goobta ay deganyihiin, fikirka
jawaab bixiyaasha ku aadan muhimada gole
deegaan oo lasoo doorto aad ayuu u sareeyay 90%
jawab bixiyaasha dhamaan xaafadaha kala duwan
ayaa aaminsanaa in ay muhiim tahay in la doorto
gole deegaan, marka laga tago xaafada Hawlwadaag halkaas oo in ka badan 75% jawaab
bixiyaashu ay u si jawaabeen si togan.(Jaantuska.
53).
30
33
31
34
Burtinle Mayor, FGD, Op. cit.
Burtinle Women, FGD, Op. cit.
32
Ibid
Burtinle Youth, FGD, Op. cit.
Burtinle Women, FGD, Op. cit.
35
Burtinle Traditional Elders, FGD. Op. cit.
Bogga
| 27
2015
QIIMAYNTA AMNIGA IYO KHLAAFAADKA DEGMADA BURTINLE
Jaantuska52: Fikirka jawaab-bixiyaasha xaafadaha
kala duwan eek u aadan muhimada gole deegaan
oo lasoo doorto
Biyaha
Waraysi xog-ogaal ah oo lala yeeshay gudoomiyaha
deegaanka barakacayaasha waxa uu sheegay in biyo
la’aan horleh ay ka jirto deegaanka barakacayaasha
iyo in biyaha xerooyinka barakacayaasha aan la jari
karin oo ay aad u qaali yihiin:
Hay’ada World Vision ayaaa ceel ka qoday xerada
barakacayaasha, xubno ka socda wakaalada biyaha
Puntland ayaa lagu wareejiyay si ay uga shaqeeyaan
ceelka. Lakin hawl-wadeenada wakaalada biyuhu
waxay ka horjoogsadeen in barakacayaashu ay helaan
biyo bilaash ah.36
3.3.4.1. Baahiyaha Muhimka ah ee
bulshada
Diraasada waxa lagu baadhay baahiyaha muhiimka
ah ee bulshada. Jawaab bixiyaashu waxa ay
sheegeen dhawr baahiyood, taas oo ay ugu waynayd
biyo
la’aanta
(47%),
Shaqo
la’aanta
(42%),kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha (36%), daryeelka
caafimaad oo liita (27%), dhaqaalaha oo
liita(26%),iyo waxbarashada oo aan tayo lahayn
(21%). Daalaco Jaantuska 54.
Waxa uu soo jeediyay in barakacayaashu ay
yeeshaan ceel gaar iyaga u ah oo ay ka cabaan, wixii
dayactir ama shaqo u baahana in ay iyagu ka
qabtaan ceelkooda.37
Fursadaha shaqo
Inkastoo shaqo la’aantu ay ahayd mid ka jirta
mandiqada oo dhan, gudoomiyaha deegaanka
barakacayaashu waxa uu sheegay in ay
barakacayaashu doonayaan in ay helaan fursado
shaqo una madax banaanaadaan taas:
Barakacayaashuu maaha in ay kala daadsanaadaan
waligood, noloshoodana ugu tiiirsanaadaan maamulka
degmada iyo hay’adaha caalamiga ah. Soo jeedintaydu
waxa ay tahay in dadka ku shaqo lahi ay mashaariic
shaqo abuuris ah u sameeyaan barakacayaasha. Inta
barakacayaashu waxay leeyihiin xirfado kala duwan
sida dhagaaxda, dabka, farsamada birta, waxay
sidookale ay leeeyihiin xirfado ay dhaqan u leeyihiin,
kaliya waxa ay ubaahanyihiin qalabkii ay si gaar ah
ugu shaqayn lahaayeen si ay u maamulaan
nolashooda.38
Jaantuska53: Ka warhaynta jawaab bixiyaasha ee
baahiyaha ugu muhiimsan ee bulshada
Nadaafada/fayo-dhawrka
Kasoo qaybgalayaasha dhalinyarta, haweenka iyo
odayaal dhaqameedka dood-wadareedka ayaa
sheegay in ay helaan tayo dhawr ama nadaafad
fiican, gaar ahaan qashin ururintu waxay ahayd
baahi muhiim ah oo ka taagan degmada. Kasoo
36
37
Burtinle IDP Chairman, KII, Op. cit.
Ibid
Bogga
|28|
38
Ibid
XARUNTA LA SOCODKA KHILAAFAADKA IYO KAHORTAGA RABSHADAHA
qaybgalayaashii dood-wadareedkii odayaasha ayaa
tan aad farta ugu goday:
Golaha deeganka waa uu cusub yahay imika, ma hubno
runtii sida ay u shaqayn doonaan, lakin ma ay jiri jirin
gole deegaan oo shaqeeya…dhamaan suuqyada wax
aka buuxa xashiish oo qashin faro badan, aynu
nidhaahdo tusaale ahaan, suuqa hilibka. Anigu waxan
la shaqayn jiray golaha deeganka, waligayna maan
arag iyaga oo qashinta guraya.39
qabaan golaha deegaanka. Iyagoo xaqiijiyay fikirka
jawaab bixiyaasha kuwaas oo in ka badean kala badh
(73%) ay sheegeen in ay aad ugu kalsoonyihiin
golaha deegaanka (44% iyo29%) halka16% aanay
garanahayn sida ay uga jawaabi lahaayeen su’aasha.
Waxa aaminsanaa kalsoonida yar ku qabay golaha
deeganka. Ku dhawaad tobankii qof hal qof oo kaliya
(11%) ayaa sheegay in kalsoonida hoosaysa ay u
hayaan maamulka degmada Burtinle.(Jaantuska.55).
Khayraadka iyo kaabayaasha oo yar ayaa caqabad ku
ah ka shaqaynta fayo-dhawrka, Sida uu qabo
maayarkuna “Imika,gawaadhi waawayn oo kiro ah ayaa
magaalada ka gurra xashiishka. Dhaqalab fayo dhawr oo kalena
waa ay haystaan sida haamaha xashiishka iyo dirayska shaqalaha
nadaafada”.40
Jaantuska54: Heerka kalsoonida jawaab bixiyaashu
ku qabaan golaha deegaanka
Kasoo
qaybgalayaasha
dood-wadareedkii
dhalinyarta waxa ay sheegeen in ururinta qashinku
ay muhiim u tahay golaha deeganka degmada “gaar
ahaan qashin ururinta, iyo in laga takhaluso ama godad loo
qodo”.41
Helitaanka dhul-daaqsimeed
Xoolo-dhaqashadu waxa ay mid aad ugu badan
deeganka, waqtiyadan danbana waxa soo baxayay in
dadi ay ay iska xidhaan dhul aad u balaadhan iyagoo
ku andaconaya in ay iyagu iska leeyihiin, taas oo in
laysku gudbana aad u adkaynaysay. Dadkan gaarka
ah ee dhulka iska xidhay waxa ay ad u yaraynaysay
dhul-daaqsimeedka golaha deegaankuna waxa uu
ku dadaalayay in uu ka hortago in ay tani dhacdo si
ay dhul-daaqsimeed ugu helaan xoolaha:
Waxa jiray faraq aad u yar oo u dhaxeeyay heerka
kalsoonida ragga iyo dumarka ay qabaan golaha
deegaanka. Ragga ayaa waxoogaha in ka badan
haweenka ku kalsoona golaha deeganka (49% iyo
40%), Halka qaybaha kale (20% haween ah, 12% rag
ah) aanay xusin kalsoonidooda ku aadan golaha
deegaanka degmada Burtinle. (Jaantuska. 56).
Golaha deegaanka Burtinle ee cusub waxay sheegeen in
dhul layska xidhaa in aanay sharci ahayn iyagoo
taageero ka helayo wasaarada amniga ee Puntland iyo
bilayska kuna qaaday xamlado. Ku dhawaad 105 dhul
oo xidhnaa ayaa la furay. Waxa la qiyaasayay in ku
dhawaad 450 dhul ay dad u xidhanyihiin degmada
Burtinle.42
Dadkii kasoo qaybgalay sahanka waxa sidoo kale la
waydiiyay in ay sheegaan heerka kalsoonida ay ku
39
40
Burtinle Traditional Elder, FGD, Op. cit.
Burtinle Mayor, KII, Op. cit.
41
42
Burtinle Youth, FGD, Op. cit.
Ibid
Bogga
| 29
2015
QIIMAYNTA AMNIGA IYO KHLAAFAADKA DEGMADA BURTINLE
Jaantuska55: Heerka kalsoonida ragga iyo dumarka
eek u aadan maamulka degmada
ragga ayaa yidhi waxqabadka golaha deeganka
degmadu kor ayuu u kacay (39% rag ah iyo36%
haween ah). Dhanka kale kaliya 2% jawaab
bixiyaasha ragga ah ayaa sheegay in waxqabadku
hoos u dhacay. Haween badan ayaan sheegin
kalsoonida ay ku qabaan golaha deegaanka (32%) ka
badan ragga (29%). Daalaco jaantuska 58.
Jaantuska57: Aragtida jawaab bixiyaasha ragga iyo
haweenka ee ku aadan waxqabadka golaha
deegaanka
Jawaab bixiyaashii ka warhayay maamulka
degmada, in ka badan saddex meelawdaw meel
(37%) ayaa sheegay in kobac ku yimid waxqabadka
golaha deegaanka, halka31% ay aaminsanaayeen in
wax isbadal ahi aanu ku iman, qaybo isleegna 31%
waxay sheegeen in aanay garanahayn sida uu isku
badalay waxqabadka golaha deeganka sanadkii
hore(Jaantuska. 57).
Jaantuska56: Fikirkada jawaab bixiyaasha ee
waxqabadka golaha deegaanka (isbadalka
sanadada)
Marka xogta laysugu barbar dhigay ragga iyo
dumarka wax badan oo faraq ahi umuu dhaxayn
heerka kalsoonida ragga iyo dumarka ay u hayaan
golaha deegaanka. In inyar ka badan haweenka oo
Bogga
|30|
Waxa jiray faraq u dhaxeeyay sida deegaanka
xaafadaha kala duwan u arkaan waxqabadka golaha
deegaanka, sida inta badan deegaanka xaafadaha
Israac, Wadajir iyo Horumar ay sheegeen in ay wax
iskabadaleen waxqabadka golahamarka loo barbar
dhigo sanadkii ka horeeyay (53%, 52% iyo 38%). Inta
badan jawaab bixiyaasha xaafadaHawl-wadaag
(40%) waxay sheegeen in wax isbadal ahi aanu ku
iman waxqabadka golaha deeganka degmada
Burtinle. Sidoo kale, qayb isku mid ah oo kamida
jawaab bixiyaasha xaafada Hawl-wadaag ayaa si
isleeg u sheegay in aanay ogsoonayn jawaabta
su;’aashaas (40%). Inta ugu badan ee jawaab
bixiyaasha sheegay in aanay garanahayn jawabta
su’aashan waxa ay ahaayeen jawaab bixiyaasha
deegaanka barakacayaasha (59%). Kalya in yar oo ka
mida deegaanka xaafada Horumar ayaa sheegay in
hoos u dhac ku yimid waxqabadka golaha deegaanka
(6%). Daalaco jaantuska 59.
XARUNTA LA SOCODKA KHILAAFAADKA IYO KAHORTAGA RABSHADAHA
bulshada waxaanu sidoo kale waydiinay dadka in ay
munaasib tahay in aanu ururino cashuuro si aanu dadka
ugu adeegno. Dhamaan bulshada rayidka ah oo dhani
waa ay soo dhaweeyeen fikradii si xamaasad leh na way
noo la shaqeeyeen. Iyaday tani jirto, wax dhiba ama
caqabad ah oo nasoo waajahay ilaa hadda ma jirto.45
Jaantuska58: Aragtida jawaab bixiyaasha xaafadaha
kala duwan ee ku aadan waxqabadka golaha
deganka
3.3.4.2
Dariiqa horumarka
Kasoo qaybgalayaashii dood-wadareedku waxay ka
warhayeen in soo ururinta cashuurtu ay tahay
dariiqa kaliya ee u suurtagalinaysaa golaha
deeganka in ay qabtaan adeegyada guud waxay
sidaa awgeed taageersanayeen in cashuurta lasoo
ururiyo. Daliilka sida fiican u taageeraya waxqabadka
maamulka degmada waxa uu ahaa in dadwaynuhu
ay aqbaleen bixinta cashuuraha sida cashuurta
wada-marista ee laga qaado gadiidka.43Sida uu
sheegay kasoo qaybgale dood-wadareedkii loo
qabtay dhalinyarta “Markii aanu aragnay dadwaynihii oo
bixinaya cashuurihiibuuxinayana kaalintoodii ama doorkoodii,
waa xiligii ugu haboonaa ee dadku ay la xisaabtami lahaayeen
golaha deeganka, maamulka degmaduna u sharxi lahaa halka uu
ku bixiyo dakhliga cashuuraha”.44
Siyaabo loo korumarin karo adeega guud ee
dadwaynaha oo uu soo jeediyay mid ka mida
barakacayaashu waxay ahayd in la sameeyo guddi
golaha deegaanka kala shaqaysa fulinta adeegyada
guud, sanduuq ka gaar ah dadka intiisa kalana loo
sameeyo barakacayaasha. Kasoo qaybgalayaashu
waxay doonayeen in ay u madax banaanaadaan
xalinta arimaha ka dhaca xerada barakacayaasha
dhexdiisa.46
Waxa intaa dheer, xubnaha kasoo qaybgalay doodwadareedka waxay sheegeen iyado lala shaqaynayo
bulshada rayidka ah, in golaha deegaanku u ku
dadaalay wacyigalinta adeedyada uu qabto
maamulka degmada iyo muhimadoodaba: “Waxay
kiraystaan gaadhi mikrafoon leh, waxanay ku gudbiyaan
fariimahooda”.47
Golaha deegaanku waxa uu si fiican ugala shaqeeya
dadwaynaha degmada Burtinle, si loo soo ururiyo
cashuuraha iyo wixii lamida waxa uu sidoo kale ka
taxadiray in mushkilad ka dhex dhacdo iyaga iyo
dadwaynaha:
Markuu maamulkayagu xilka qabsaday, arintkii
koowaad ee aanu ku dhaqaaqnay waxa uu ahaa in aanu
shirar wadatashi la yeelanay xubaha kala duwan ee
43
46
44
47
Burtinle Traditional Elder, FGD, Op. cit.
Burtinle Youth, FGD, Op. cit.
45
Burtinle Mayor, KII, Op. cit.
Burtinle IDP, FGD, Op. cit.
Burtinle Traditional Elder, FGD, Op. cit.
Bogga
| 31
2015
4.
QIIMAYNTA AMNIGA IYO KHLAAFAADKA DEGMADA BURTINLE
KHILAAFKA IYO GACAN-KAHADALKA
4.1.
jaantuska 59: Ka warhaynta khilaaf qabiil ama kooxo
oo dhacay 12 kii bilood ee ka horeeyay qiimaynta
Ka warhaynta khilaafka
Degmada Burtinle, sida xaalku yahay qaybaha kale
ee Puntland waxa ay kasoo kabanaysaa buruburkii
dawladii Soomaliya ee 1991. Iyadoy jiraan
dhacdooyin aan aad u sii badnayn oo khilaaf ah, iyo
isriix siyaasadaysan oo qabiilada isku deeganka ah ka
dhaxaysa, iyo iyadoo aaanay jirin hay’ado dawliya oo
arimahaa ka arimiya, Waxa ay degmadu ku jirtay
xaalad nabadgalyo caadi ah.
Qaybtani waxa ay baadhaysaa tirada jawaab
bixiyaasha u soo joogay khilaaf ama rabshado
dhacay, siyaabaha loo xaliyay khilaafaadkaas iyo sida
ay dadwaynuhu u arkaan amaanka degmada.
4.2.
Aragtida khilaaf dhacay
Tobankii qofba sagaal ka mida jawaab bixiyaasha ayaa
sheegay in aanay ka warhayn khilaaf ama rabshado qabiil
ama kooxo oo dhacay 12 kii bilood eek a horeeyay cilmibaadhista. Kaliya 9% jawaab bixiyaasha ayaa sheegay in ay
arkeen khilaf ama rabshado dhacay (Jaantuska. 60).
Markii xogta ragga iyo haweenka lays barbar dhigay,
waxoogaha rag ah (95%) oo ka badan haweenka (88%)
ayaa sheegay in ay ka warhayeen jiritaanka khilaaaf.
Xaafadihii kala duwanaa, dhamaantood (100%) jawab
bixiyaasha xaafada Hawl-wadaag ayaa dhamaantod aan
ka warhayn khilaaf mandiqadooda ka dhacay, oo ay soo
wehelinaysa Iyana deeganka xaafada Horumar, halka 94%
ay sheegeen in aanay ka warhaynta khilaaf dhacay.
Jawaab bixiyaasha xaafadaha kale ee Israac iyo
barakacayaashu waxa ay sheegeen in aanay arag wax
khilaaf ah oo dhacay iyagoo gaadhayay 88% midkiiba,
halka Wadajirna ay gaadhayeen 86% (Jaantuska. 61 iyo
jaantuska. 62).
Jaantuska 60: Ka warhaynta ragga iyo dumarka ee
khilaaf qabiil ama kooxo oo dhacay 12 bilood eek a
horeyay qiimaynta
Bogga
|32|
XARUNTA LA SOCODKA KHILAAFAADKA IYO KAHORTAGA RABSHADAHA
Jaantuska 61: Ka warhaynta deegaanka xaafadaha
kala duwan ee khilaaf qabiil ama kooxo oo dhacay 12
bilood eek a horeeyay qiimaynta
Tirada aragtay khilaaf qabiil ama kooxo oo dhacay,
99% jawab bixiyaashu ma ay arag wax khilaaf ah,
taas oo sheegaysa in nabadgalyada degmadu aad u
xasiloonayd (Jaantuska. 63). Marka la eego fikirka
ragga iyo dumarka, dhamaan haweenkii (100%)
waxay ay sheegeen in aanay arag wax khilaaf halka
tiro gaadhaysaa 98% rag ay Iyana sidoo kale qabeen
(Jaantuska. 64).
Jaantuska62:Tirada aragtay khilaaf qabiil ama kooxo
dhacay 12 bilood ee ugu danbeeyay
Jaantuska 63: Tirada ragga iyo haweenka arkay
khilaaf qabiil ama kooxo dhacay 12 kii ee ugu
danbeeyay
Marka la eego xaafaadaha, isla fikirkaas ayuunbaa
kasoo baxay iyadoo afarta xaafadood ee Hawlwadaag, Hurumar, Wadajir iyo barakacayaashu aya
sheegeen in aanay wax khilafa arag. Kaliya 6%
jawaab bixiyaasha xaafada israac ayaa Iyana wax
khilaaf ah aan arkin. (Jaantuska. 65).
Jaantuska 64:Tirada jawaab bixiyaasha xaafadaha
kala duwan ee aragtay khilaaf qabiil ama kooxo
Inkastoo sababaha khilafaadku ay badnaayeen (oo
ay ku jirto dilalka aargoosida ah, rabshadaha
dhalinyarta iyo murannada qoysaska). Inta badan
Bogga
| 33
2015
QIIMAYNTA AMNIGA IYO KHLAAFAADKA DEGMADA BURTINLE
sida ay sheegeen kasoo qaybgalayashu waxa uu
khilaaf ku ka dhalanayay khayraadka (iyadoo qof si
gaar ah u xidha dhul-daaqsimeedkii). Tani waxa ay
ka timid iyada oo degmada nolosheedu u badanyaay
reer-guura kolba meel u guura iyaga oo raadinaya
daaq iyo biyo,iyagoo ku tiirsan roobabka oo aan
marmar di’in.48
Murannada qabiiladu waxa uu siyar isugu badali
karaa rabshado hor leh, deegaan Qorilay oo kale wax
aka jiray khilaaf laba qabiil oo wada daga u
dhaxeeyay, iyagoo ay taageerayaan odayaal
dhaqameedkoodu, heshiis ayaa la gaadhay. Isku
dhacyadaa wax aka dhashay dhimasho halkaan oo in
ka badan 50 qof ku qudh baxeen intii aan la gaadhin
heshiiskii November 2015. Sida uu dhigayo xeer
dhaqameedku, in mag la kala qaato muddo ah lix
bilood ayaa lagu heshiiyay:
Runtii, Magta ninka la dilay waa 100 neef oo geel ah
halka gabadhu ay tahay intaa badhkeed 50 neef oo
geel ah. Labada dhan kamida waxa la waydiiyay in ay
bixiyaan 3850 neef oo geela madaama oo khasaaraha
dhanka kale gaadhayay 38 nin iyo hal qof oo
haweenay ah. Halkaas oo dhanka kale ay tahay in ay
bixiyaan 1700 neef oo geela iyagoo waayay 17 nin.
Markii la waydiiyay tirada khilaafka ay arkeen
jawaab bixiyaashu 12 kii bilood eek a horeeyay cilmibaadhista, dhamaan jawaab bixiyaasha Burtinle
(100%) waxa ay sheegeen in ay arkeen 3 khilaaf
(Jaantuks.66). kuwan, dhamaan jawaab bixiyaashu
(100%) waxay sheegeen in kaliya hal dhaco isku
badalay rabshad (Jaantuska.67).
48
Burtinle Youth, FGD, Op. cit. ; Women, FGD, Op. cit. ;
Traditional Elder, FGD, Op. cit.
Bogga
|34|
Jaantuska 65:Tirada Khilaafadka la arkay 12 kii bilood
eek a horeeyay qiimaynta
XARUNTA LA SOCODKA KHILAAFAADKA IYO KAHORTAGA RABSHADAHA
4.3.
Jaantuska 66: Tirada khilaafaadka isku rogay
rabshado
Aragtida khilaaf ama
rabshado dhacay
Marka ay timaado aragida khilaaf ama rabshado, in
ka badan 9 qof 10 jawab bixiyaba (97%) yaa ku
jawaabay in aanay arag wax khilaaf ama rabshado
ah. Markii qoysaskii la waraystay laba qof sida la
sameeyo inta badan, tirada iyo sababta khilaafka,
labaduba waxa ay sheegeen khilaafka kaliya ee inta
badan soo noqnoqdaa in uu yahay murannada
qoysaska, iyadoo laba khilaaf oo kaliya lagu arkay
degmada Burtinle 12 kii bilood ee ugu danbeeyay
taas oo tusaale u ah in heerka khilaafka burtinle aad
u hooseeyo.
4.2.1. Dhibanayaasha
rabshadaha
khilaafka
iyo
Jaantuska 67: Tirada jawaab bixiysha arkay khilaaf
ama rabshado lagula kacayo qof deegaankooda ka
baxsan
Qiimaynta waxa sidoo kale laysku dayay saamaynta
uu khillaf ama rabshado dhacay u gaystaan dadka iyo
dadka ugu nugul khilaaf ama rabshado markay
dhacaan. Kasoo qaybgalayaashii dood-wadareedka
dhalinyarta waxay sheegeen dadka laga tirada
badanyahay, haweenka, iyo dadka kale eek a
durugsan bulshada sida barakacayaasha.49
Dumarkuna waxa sidoo kale taas ku raaceen
dhalinyarta iyaga oo sheegay in iyaga iyo dadka laga
tirada badanyahay ay ugu nugul yihiin khilaafyada
ama rabshadaha iyagoo ku sababeeyay sidan
“qabiilada laga tirada badanyahay wax aka sareeya kuwa tirada
badan, iyagoo haweenku ka itaal yaryihiin ragga, nafahooda iyo
qabiiladoonana aanay difaacin”.50
Barakacayaashu waxa ay sheegeen in aanay iyagu
dhexdooda dhibane ahayn “Ma jirto kala sooc aanu
anagu isku samayna, ha ahaado rag iyo dumar ama
qabiilada ama kooxaha kala duwan”.51
49
50
Burtinle Youth, FGD, Op. cit.
Burtinle Women, FGD, Op. cit.
Waxa intaa dheer, Waxa tiro koobkii qoysaska kasoo
baxay in aanu faraq waynu u dhaxay ragga iyo
dumarka arkay khilaaf ama rabshado. Tan waxa
sababay 98% ayaa usoo joogay dhacdo, iyo 96%
haween ah. Daalaco jaantuska 69.
51
Burtinle IDPs, FGD, Op. cit.
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QIIMAYNTA AMNIGA IYO KHLAAFAADKA DEGMADA BURTINLE
Jaantuska 68: Tirada ragga iyo haweenka arkay
khilaaf ama rabshado lagula kacayo qof ka baxsan
deegaankooda
amaanka degmada. Natiijadii waxa kasoo baxay in
ka badan
qofba sagaal ka mid ah (97%) ayaa
aaminsanaa in degmadu amaan tahay halka kaliya
1% uu aaminsanaa in aanay amaan taam ahi ka jirin
degmada Butinle. (Jaantuska. 70).
Jaantuska 69: Aragtida amaanka degmada
Inkasta oo sababaha ugu way ee khilaafka degmada
ay ahaayeen dhalinyarta, dhaawacyada, iyo
murannada qoysaska, sidoo kale sida ay sheegeen
kasoo
qaybgalayaashii
dood-wadareedka
odayaasha:
Murannada dhulku waa mushkilada ugu way nee ka
taagan deegaankan, dadka qaar ayaa qabsada dhul aad
u balaadhan, si hadhow marka loo dhexdhexaadyo
waxoogaha kamida dhulkaa u helaan, waxaanu arinkan
u bixinay (ku qabso ku qadi mayside) tanina waxay
dhacdaa dhamaan deegaanada Soomaliya. Lakin
waxoogaha waa ay soo yaraatay imika.52
Isbarbar dhigi ragga iyo haweenka,faraq aad u yar ayaa ka
muuqday sida ay u arkaan amaanka degmada. Si aan
ahayn sidoo la fillayay, taas ahayd in dumarku aad uga
khatar badanyihiin ragga, dumarka ayaa sheegay in
degmadu amaan tahay (98%) in ka badan ragga (96%)
(Jaantuska.71)
Halka, dood-wadareedka haweenku ay sheegeen
sabbao kale, sida in dawladu aanay deegaanka aad
ugu xoogwaynayn si ay xasiliyo degmada, qabiilada
qaarna ay haystaanba hub aad u badan oo
marmarka qaar kaba badan kan ay haystaan
laamaha amaanku, shaqo la’aanta iyo iska gadhiga
dhalinyarta ayaa Iyana ahaa sababo kale oo keeni
kara khilaaf iyo rabshado.53
4.4.
Sida loo arko amaanka
Isku day la doonayay in lagu ogaado sida ay
dadwaynuhu u arkaan amaanka degmada, jawaab
bixiyaasha waxa la waydiiyay siday u arkaan
52
Burtinle Traditional Elder, FGD, Op. cit.
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53
Burtinle Women, FGD, Op. cit.
XARUNTA LA SOCODKA KHILAAFAADKA IYO KAHORTAGA RABSHADAHA
Jaantuska 70:Sida ragga iyo haweenku u arkaan
amaanka degmada
tahay (93% RAgga ahaa) iyo 82% haweenka ahaa). Waxa
Iyana muuqatay, 16% jawaab bixiyaasha haweenka ah
qabeen in wax isbadal ahi aanu dhicin (Jaantuska. 73).
Jaantuska 72:Sida ay ragga iyo haweenku u arkaan
amaanka degmada (isbadalka sanadada)
Isbadalka sanadada, aqlabiyad aad u badan (87%) jawaab
bixiyaasha degmada Burtinle ayaa sheegay in amaanku
kobcay marka loo barbardhigo kaliya 2% aan sidaa
aaminsanayn (Jaantuska. 72).
Jaantuska 71:Sida loo arko amaanka (isbadalka
sanadada)
Si balaadhan ayay jawaab bixiyaashii xaafadaha kala
duwan u qabeen in amaanka degmadu kobcay 12 bilood
ee ugu danbeeyay. Siday doonto ha noqotee, xerada
barakacayaasha ayay ahaayeen qaybtii ugu badnayn taas
oo dhamaan jawaab bixiyaasha halkaas (100%) ay
aaminsanaayeen in amaanku kobcay, waxa sidoo kale
wehelinaysay xaafada Wadajir taas oo ay gaadhayeen
95%. Xaafadaha Israac iyo Hawl-wadaag ayaa ku xigay
marka laga hadlayo kobcitaanka amaanka.
Xaafada Israac, halkaas oo 88% jawaab bixiyaashu ay
sheegeen in amaanku kobcay, inta soo hadhay ee
gaadhaysay 12% ma ay arkayn wax isbdal ah oo dhacay. Si
intaa leeg, 80% jawaab bixiyaasha xaafadaha
Hawlwadaag aaminsanayeen in amaanku kobcay iyadoo
shanti qofba hal qof (20%) uu sheegay in aan amaanka
wax isbadal ahi ku iman. Xaafada Horumar, ayaa ahyd ta
sadexaad
iyadoo
69%
jawaab
bixiyaasheedu
aaminsanaayeen in amaanka degmadu kobcay, halka afar
meelawdaw meel dadka xaafadaas kaso jeeda (25%) ay
aaminsanaayeen in wax isbadal ahi aanu ku muuqan
amaanka degmada.
Marka aad eegto isbarbar dhiga ragga iyo dumarka eek u
aadan sida ay u arkaan amaanka degmada, ragga iyo
haweenkuba waxay u arkayeen degmada in ay amaan
Waxaa sidoo kale lamid ahaa jawaab bixiyaasha deeganka
barakacayaasha iyadoo ahaa inta ugu badan ee
aaminsanaa in amaanka degmadu kobcay. Waxa laga
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QIIMAYNTA AMNIGA IYO KHLAAFAADKA DEGMADA BURTINLE
yaaba in lala yaabo, inkastoo xerooyinka barakacayaashu
ay ku yaalan meel ka baxsan magaalada, dadka deegaana
aanay isir ahaan kasoo jeedin deeegaanka, hadana in ay
xuseen in amaanka degmadu kobcay in ka badan dadkii ka
dhashay degmada Burtinle. (Jaantuska. 74).
Jaantuska 73:Aragtida Amaanka degmada sida ay u
arkaan deegaanka xaafadaha kala duwan
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XARUNTA LA SOCODKA KHILAAFAADKA IYO KAHORTAGA RABSHADAHA
5.
Gebogebo
Sida degmooyinka kale ee Puntland, Burtinle waa mid koraysa, hay’adaha dawladduna waa dhismayaan.
Maamulka Burtinle waxa uu bilaabay in uu lafalgaalo dadweynaha, oo weliba mararka qaarkoodna
dhiirrigeliyo koboca iyo kaqaybgalka bulshada rayidka ah
Dhinaca bixinta adeegga garsoorka, degmadu waxa ay ku sifowday mid aad ula socota jiritaanka
maxkamadaha dawliga ah (59%). Taas ka sokow, waxa jira dhawr qaddiyadood oo hortaagan isticmaalka
maxkamadahaas, sida shaqaale gaabni, xil-u-magacaw ku salaysan beel halka uu ka ahaan lahaa mid ku
qotoma aqoon, iyo kharash badan oo la socda isticmaalka adeeg-bixiyahan. Taasi waxa ay keentay in
dadweynuhu si joogto ah ugu xirnaado uguna kalsoonaado adeeg-bixiyeyaasha aan dawliga ahayn sida odaydhaqameedka oo ay u gaystaan arrimahooda garsoor. Kuwani waxa ay leeyihiin waayo-aragnimo qotodheer
oo salka ku haysa dhaqanka soojireenka ah ee bulshada Soomaaliyeed. Garsoorka dhaqamiga ah waxa loo
aqoonsan yahay in uu caddaalad ku garsooro, go’aannadiisana waa la fuliyaa ama loo hoggaansamaa.
Maxkamadaha dawliga ah waxa looga baahan yahay in ay hanaqaadaan oo tartamaan, waddooyinka ay sidaas
ku gaari karaan waa kor-u-qaadidda xirfadaha shaqaalahooda iyo kordhinta tiradoodaba, oo ay la socota
yaraynta kharashka ay ka dalbaan dadka dacwadaha u keensanaya.
Degmada wax madax u ah Duqa iyo laamaha kale ee dawladeed ee gacanta ka geysta bixinta adeegyada
asaasiga ah. Marka la barbardhigo golihii degaanee hore, kuwaas oo lagu eedaynayay kartidaro iyo waxqabad
la’aan, maamulkan cusubi waxa uu kasbaday taageerada dadweynaha waayo wadatahiyo joogta ah ayaa uu
la yeeshay dadka iyo ururrada kala duwan ee bulshada rayidka ah, iyo weliba isaga oo dadweynaha ku
baraarujiyay baahiyaha degdegga ah ee waxkaqabashada u baahan. Astaanta cad ee muujinaysa taageerada
dadku u hayo golaha degaanka waa oggolaanshaha bixinta canshuuraha si loo fuliyo adeegyada lagama
maarmaanka ah. Taas ayaana sabab u ah in inta badan jawaab-bixiyayaashu ka warqabaan adeegyada socda
ee goluhu dadka u fidiyo
Dadweynaha Burtinle waxa ka go’an hirgelinta dimuqraadiyadda, waxa ayna si weyn u taageereen hirgelinta
nidaamka doorashada hal-qod-hal-cod eewakiillada golaha degaanka.Inkasta oo la-waraystayaashu kalsooni
sarraysa ku qabeen golaha degaankooda (73%), misana aragtiyo kala duwan ayaa ay ka qabeen hawlgalkii
golaha 12kii bilood ee la soo dhaafay. Maamulka golaha degaanka waxa hortaagan caqabado dhinac dhaqaale
ah oo inkasta oo cashuur la ururiyo, haddana ma helaan dakhli ku filan baahida jirta ama daboolidda
adeegyada loo baahan yahay.
Xagga amniga, boolisku waa adeegaha ugu muhiimsan ee suga nabadgelyada isaga oo laa kaashada
hay’adaha kale ee dawladda, oday-dhaqameedka, wadaadada, iyo guddiyada xaafadaha.
Tirada booliska ah ee ka hawlgasha Burtinle oo yar, iyo tuulooyinka ay xukunto oo badan, labaduba waxa
culays ku yihiin booliska, taas oo hoos u dhigta falcelinta deg deggaah marka arrimo amni dhacaan. La socodka
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QIIMAYNTA AMNIGA IYO KHLAAFAADKA DEGMADA BURTINLE
joogitaanka boolisku waa sarreeya sida ay muujiyeen la-waraystayaashaasahanka qoysasku (77%), laakiin
dood-kooxeedyadu waxa ay tilmaameen gaabiska falcelinta booliska, taas oo loo aanaynayo gaabnida
taakuleynta ay haystaan. Dhinac kale haddii laga eego, kaqaybgalayaasha labadii sahan ee tireed iyo tayeedba
waxa ay qabeen in magaaladu nabad tahay ayna deggan tahay iyada oo taas uu sababu yahay hab-noleedka
bidaa’iga ah ee magaaladdu ku sugan tahay.
Ha yeeshee, mararka qarkood isku-dhacyo beleed waa lagu arkaa Burtinle iyo agagaarkeeda iyada oo taas la
wadaagta gobollada kale ee Somaalida.
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XARUNTA LA SOCODKA KHILAAFAADKA IYO KAHORTAGA RABSHADAHA
6.
6.1.
LIFAAQ
Saldhigga Muunadda Daraasadda
z2 (P) (1-P) (f)
e2
Where:
z= confidence interval (95%)
P= P-Value which assumed some security correlation within the cluster (0.3)
f= is the sample design effect (1.5)
e= the margin of error to be attained (+ or – 8%)
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6.2
QIIMAYNTA AMNIGA IYO KHLAAFAADKA DEGMADA BURTINLE
LIISKA ERAY-BIXINTA
Cadaalad helid
Kiis madani ah
Qabiil
Khilaaf
Kiis ciqaab ah
Guddida Nabadgelyada
ee Degmada
Fulin/dhaqangelin
Nidaamka Cadaaladda ee
Rasmiga ah (Formal
Justice System)
Jinsi (Rag iyo dumar)
Cidda maamulka haysa
Nidaamka Cadaaladda ee
aan Rasmiga ahayn
(Informal Justice System)
Cidda Cadaaladda
shaqaysa
ka Hay’adaha caadiga ah iyo kuwa aan caadiga ahayn iyo shakhsiyaadka masuulka ka
ah in ay hirgeliyaan dawayn cadaalad ku dhisan oo xaq ah oo ay siiyaan dadka
sharciga ku hoos jira (xeer-dhaqameed, sharciga caadiga ah, ama Shareecada)
Nidaamka cadaaladeed
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In dadku awood u yeeshaan in ay xalliyaan murannadooda oo ay dawo u helaan
waxyaabaha laga galo, iyaguu adeegsanaya hab cadaaladeed oo dhan ama rasmi
ah. Habka cadaaladdu waxa uu leeyahay cabbiro tayaysan, waa in uu waafaqo
mabaadi’da iyo heerarka xuquuqda aadamaha
Kiisaska aan ciqaabta ahayn ee la xidhiidha meel-ka-dhaca madaniga ah iyo
murannada u dhexeeya shakhsiyaadka, waxaanu guud ahaan koobsanayaa hantida,
ganacsiga, dhibaatooyinka shakhsi ee gudaha, furniinka iyo noocyada qofka
xuquuqdiisa dastuuriga ah iyo ta shakhsiga ah lagu xadgudbo
Qabiilku waa hab ku astaysan silsilad abtirsiimo xagga aabaha ah oo gaadha cidda
la aaminsanyahay in laga soo jeedo kaasoo magaciisa dhamaan xubnaha qabiilku ay
aqoonsi ahaan u wadaagaan
Waa xaalad aan heshiis la ahayn oo u dhaxaysa laba qof oon is ogolayn,
Jaantusradood, ama danood
Fal, dacwad, ama sabab keenaysa in lagu ciqaabo in uu jebiyay shuruucda ciqaabta
ee dalka
Qaab-dhismeed la wakiishay oo ka kooban waax ballaadhan oo bulshada rayidka ah
kaasoo u dhaqma in uu leeyahay awood talo-bixineed oo uu siiyo dawladda hoose
oo ku aaddan arrimaha amniga iyo nabadgelyada bulshada
Waxa uu la xidhiidhaa fulinta amarrada, go’aannada, xalka la gaadho ee kusoo
baxa go’aan caadi ah ama mid aan caadi ahayn. Hay’adaha dhaqangelintu waxay
ka koobanyihiin bilayska iyo xabsiyada, hay’adaha maamulka ee kiisas gaar ah.
Habka dhaqanka ayaa yeelankara habab u gaar ah oo fulineed. Hababka fulintu waa
furaha lagu hubinayo masuuliyadda laguna yaraynayo baqdin la’aanta, si looga
hortago cadaalad-darro kale.
Waa nidaam habaysan oo sharciga iyo dacwadaha maxkamadaba ay ugu fuliyaan
saraakiil cadaaladeed, bilays iyo jilayaal la aqoonsanyahay oo qareenno ahi
Nidaamka cadaaladda ee caadiga ahi waxa uu ku lug leeyahay cadaaladda ciqaabta
iyo ta madaniga ahba waxaanu ka koobanyahay hay’ado cadaaladeed oo dalku
leeyahay oo caadi ah iyo xeer-nidaamiyeyaal, sida bilayska, xeer-ilaalinta,
maxkamadaha (kuwa diiniga ah iyo kuwa cilmaaniga ahba) iyo hay’adda asluubta.
“Jinsi” waxa ay u noqonaysaa kaalinta ay bulshadu u dhisantahay, dabeecadahooda,
hawlaha ay qabtaan iyo sifooyinka ay bulsho u tixgeliso in ay ku habboonyihiin nin
iyo gabadhi.
Hay’adaha caadiga ah iyo shakhsiyaadka u dhaqma, ee leh awoodda maamul
Hababka xallinta khilaafaadka ee ka baxsan nidaamka cadaaladda ee caadiga ah.
Kelmedda waxa halkan loogu adeegsadaa in ay kala muujiso
farqiga u dhexeeya nidaamka cadaaladeed ee caadiga ah ee ay dawladdu maamusho
iyo nidaamka cadaaladeed ee aan caadiga ahayn ee aanay dawladdu maamulin
Waxa uu koobsanayaa hay’adaha cadaaladda ee caadiga ah iyo xeernidaamiyeyaasha, sida bilayska, xeer-ilaalinta, maxkamadaha iyo xabsiyada iyo
sidoo kale Xallinta Khilaafaadka ee Kala-gadgadisan (Alternative Dispute Resolution
XARUNTA LA SOCODKA KHILAAFAADKA IYO KAHORTAGA RABSHADAHA
– ADR), iyo nidaamyada kale ee dhaqan iyo kuwa aan caadiga ahaynba (sida gole
odayaal).
Nidaamka cadaaladdu waxa uu koobsanayaa isku xidhka iyo habaynta qaybihiisa
dhexdooda kuwaas oo saamayn ku yeesha dhamaan natiijooyinka ka dhasha in
cadaalad la helo
Murannada
Waa xaalad ku saabsan dood ama muran u dhexeeya dad, kooxo, bulshooyin oo
dhulka/biyaha
lagu muransanyahay hanta, adeegsi, IWM baloodho taxan oo dhul ah iyo goobo
biyood
Dawladda hoose
Kuwaa leh awoodda caadiga ah, gaar ahaan dawladda ama hay’ad saraakiil
dawladda ah oo heer degmo ah
Danbiyada yaryar
Danbiga ciqaabta ah ee fudud guud ahaanna ciqaabtiisu noqoto ganaax lacageed,
ama muddo la xidho oo sanad ku eg, ama in labadaa la isugu daro.
Cidda
amniga
ka Hay’adaha caadiga ah iyo kuwa aan caadiga ahayn ama shakhsiyaadka masuulka ka
shaqaysa
ah ilaalinta dadka, guryaha, bulshooyinka ama qaranka in ay ka ilaaliyaan khatarta.
Danbiyada waaweyn
Danbiyada ciqaabta ah ee aadka halista u ah kuwaasoo ciqaabtoodu noqonkarto
xabsi sanad iyo wax ka badan ah
Xadgudub/rabshad
Adeegsiga awood muuqata oo loo badheedhay, lagu hanjabay ama dhab ahba, ee
qof isu gaysto, qof kale u gaysto, ama koox u gaysto ama bulsho, kaasoo dhaliya
ama ay u dhawdahay in uu dhalinayo waxyeello, dhimasho, dhaawac maskaxeed,
ama ka xayuubin
Xeer
Waa nidaam xeer-dhaqameed kasoo ka yimid saldhiga xidhiidhka qabiillada, oo ay
saamayn woxoogaa ah ku yeelatay Shareecada Islaamku, kaasoo u shaqeeya in uu
dhexdheediyo oo wada xaajood keena isagoo adeegsanaya oday-dhaqameedka.
Dhalinyaro
Ragga iyo dumarka da’doodu u dhaxayso 15 ilaa 30 jir
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