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Biology Unit 3 Exam
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. Water moves into a cell placed in a(n) _____ solution.
a. osmotic
c. hypotonic
b. hypertonic
d. isotonic
2. Water moves out of a cell if the cell is placed in a(n) _____ solution.
a. hypertonic
c. hypotonic
b. isotonic
d. passive
3. If cells are placed in a strong sugar solution, water will _____.
a. pass from the sugar solution to the cells
b. pass from the cells to the sugar solution
c. stay in the cell
d. pass back and forth
4. A cell moves particles from a region of lesser concentration to a region of greater concentration by _____.
a. facilitated diffusion
c. osmosis
b. passive transport
d. active transport
5. Which of the following is not a form of passive transport?
a. facilitated diffusion
c. facilitated diffusion
b. endocytosis
d. osmosis
6. The causes of cancer may include which of the following?
a. environmental influences
c. viruses
b. UV radiation
d. all of the above
7. A gene is a segment of DNA that controls the production of _____.
a. carbohydrates
c. centromeres
b. microtubules
d. proteins
8. Which of the following monitors a cell's progress from phase to phase during the cell cycle?
a. a series of enzymes
c. lipid molecules
b. microtubules
d. protein molecules
9. Which of the following explains why a cell's size is limited?
a. Volume increases faster than surface area.
b. Surface area increases faster than volume.
c. Homeostasis is disrupted by a cell that is too large.
d. both a and c
10. As a cell grows, its _____ increases more than its _____.
a. length, volume
c. volume, surface area
b. width, surface area
d. none of these
11. Among the following, the term that includes the others is _____.
a. interphase
c. mitosis
b. nuclear division
d. cell cycle
12. A chromatid is attached to a spindle fiber by the _____.
a. nucleolus
c. centromere
b. deep furrow
d. centriole
13. Which of the following structures is the most complex?
a. cell
c. organ
b. organ system
d. tissue
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____ 14. The chromosomes shown in Figure 8-6 are in which state of mitosis?
Figure 8-6
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a. prophase
c. anaphase
b. metaphase
d. telophase
The main energy-trapping molecule in plants is _____.
a. chloroplast
c. stroma
b. chlorophyll
d. carotenoids
A green pigment that traps energy from sunlight is _____.
a. carotenoid
c. chlorophyll
b. ATP
d. thylakoid membranes
In order to move molecules in your kidneys, your body needs _____.
a. energy
c. cold
b. sunlight
d. heat
In the complete process of photosynthesis, the _____.
a. Calvin cycle yields CO2
b. light reactions release oxygen
c. Calvin cycle breaks down H2O
d. light reactions produce NADP+ from NADPH + H+
In glycolysis, a net total of _____ molecules of ATP are gained.
a. four
c. three
b. two
d. zero
Kidneys use energy to move molecules and ions in order to keep the blood chemically balanced. This process is
an example of cells using energy to _____.
a. carry on chemosynthesis
c. control body temperature
b. transmit impulses
d. maintain homeostasis
Which of the following equations best represents photosynthesis?
a. C + O2 + H2O → CO2 + HOH
c. 6C + 6H2O → C6H12O6
b. 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
d. C6H12O6 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
Leaves appear green because the green portion of the light that strikes them is _____.
a. changed to heat
c. destroyed
b. absorbed
d. reflected
____ 23. Cells store energy when _____.
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a. the third phosphate group breaks off from an ATP molecule
b. they break down sucrose to glucose and fructose
c. a third phosphate group is bonded to an ADP molecule
d. ions are released into the bloodstream
____ 24. The energy in glucose cannot be released by _____.
a. glycolysis
c. respiration
b. burning
d. photosynthesis
____ 25. Which of the following is not a part of adenosine diphosphate?
a. glucose
c. ribose
b. adenine
d. two phosphate groups
Matching
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a. exocytosis
d. isotonic solution
b. gene
e. osmosis
c. diffusion
f. hypertonic solution
____ 26. movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration
____ 27. the concentration of dissolved substances outside the cell is higher than the concentration inside the cell
____ 28. the concentration of dissolved substances in the solution is the same as the concentration of dissolved
substances inside the cell
____ 29. diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane
____ 30. release of wastes or cell products from inside to outside a cell
Completion
Complete each statement.
31. The structures that hold together sister chromatids are ____________________.
32. In a dividing cell, the football-shaped structure consisting of thin fibers is the ____________________.
33. The process by which nuclear material is divided equally between two new cells is ____________________.
34. The sequence of growth and division of a cell makes up the ____________________.
35. The process by which autotrophs use energy from sunlight to build carbohydrates is called
____________________.
Short Answer
36. Pickled foods are preserved with salt. How might a strong salt solution preserve cucumbers?
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Figure 8-2
37. The graph in Figure 8-2 shows typical concentrations of several ions inside and outside an animal cell.
Concentrations of ions inside the cell are shown in gray, outside in black. What is the approximate
concentration in mM of Mg2+ ions inside the cell?
38. The graph in Figure 8-2 shows typical concentrations of several ions inside and outside an animal cell.
Concentrations of ions inside the cell are shown in gray, outside in black. Which ions are in the greatest
concentration outside the animal cell?
Figure 8-3
39. Cells A and F of Figure 8-3 show an early and a late stage of the same phase of mitosis. What phase is it?
40. When prokaryotic bacterial cells undergo cell division, the single circular chromosome replicates to form a
second chromosome. This new chromosome, like the original, attaches to the plasma membrane. Next, the
plasma membrane pinches inward, and a cell wall forms across the middle of the cell to separate the two
chromosomes and form two daughter cells. How does cell division in bacteria differ from mitosis in
eukaryotes?
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The large size of many fruits and flowers is the result of polyploidy, a condition in which the nuclei of an
organism's cells contain extra sets of chromosomes. Polyploidy often occurs naturally, but it can also be
artificially induced by plant breeders. How have breeders been able to mimic a naturally occurring
phenomenon?
Researchers have determined that the chemical colchicine suppresses cell division by preventing the
formation of spindle fibers. Without these fibers, the sister chromatids cannot become properly oriented for
separation into individual nuclei. In effect, mitosis is stopped after prophase. However, the cell may continue to
make copies of its chromosomes. As a result, the nucleus of the cell contains multiple sets of chromosomes.
Suppose a researcher wished to investigate how extra sets of chromosomes are produced. First, she treated
two onion roots with a colchicine solution and left two roots untreated. After a period of several days, she
placed thin slices from each root tip on separate slides, stained the specimens, and examined the slides under a
microscope at high power.
41. What was the variable in the investigation?
In 1803, Thomas Engelmann of Germany used a combination of filamentous alga and aerobic bacteria to study
the effect of various colors of the visible light spectrum on the rate of photosynthesis. He passed white light
through a prism in order to separate the light into the different colors of the spectrum; then he exposed different
segments of the alga to the various colors. He observed in which areas of the spectrum the greatest number of
bacteria appeared.
Figure 9-1
42. Did Engelmann's observations verify his hypothesis? Explain. Refer to Figure 9-1.
43. What was the independent variable in this experiment? You may refer to Figure 9-1.
44. Why did Engelmann select aerobic rather than anaerobic bacteria? See Figure 9-1.
45. Was determining where there was more oxygen the purpose of Engelmann's experiment? If not, state the
purpose. You may refer to Figure 9-1.
46. What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration?