Infrared SED Templates for Galaxies Daniel Dale University of Wyoming NGC 0628 @ 70,100,170um Leiden NGC 0925 @ 70,100,170um Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies NGC 6946 @ 70,100,170um 04 March 2011 Outline Brief overview of popular infrared templates How they differ Recent results from Herschel What is needed? Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 “Templates” vs “Grids” For this presentation, the following definitions are adopted: Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 “Templates” vs “Grids” For this presentation, the following definitions are adopted: Templates A collection of observed spectra or singleparameter models Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 “Templates” vs “Grids” For this presentation, the following definitions are adopted: Templates A collection of observed spectra or singleparameter models Grids – multidimensional models Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 Some Popular Infrared SED “templates” Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 Some Popular Infrared SED “templates” Parameterized by either shape (for multi surveys) or by luminosity (e.g., cosmology surveys) Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 Some Popular Infrared SED “templates” Parameterized by either shape (for multi surveys) or by luminosity (e.g., cosmology surveys) Existing bivariate infrared colorluminosity relation: Chapman et al. 2003 Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 Dale & Helou (2002) Désert et al. (1990) framework: PAHs + VSGs + BGs, for each 0.3<U<103 Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 Dale & Helou (2002) Désert et al. (1990) framework: PAHs + VSGs + BGs, for each 0.3<U<103 PAHs updated via ISO VSGs given new temperature distribution profiles Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 Dale & Helou (2002) Désert et al. (1990) framework: PAHs + VSGs + BGs, for each 0.3<U<103 PAHs updated via ISO VSGs given new temperature distribution profiles FarIR updated via ISO/IRAS/SCUBA Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 Dale & Helou (2002) Désert et al. (1990) framework: PAHs + VSGs + BGs, for each 0.3<U<103 PAHs updated via ISO VSGs given new temperature distribution profiles FarIR updated via ISO/IRAS/SCUBA, e.g., (>200m) = 2.50.4logU Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 Dale & Helou (2002) Désert et al. (1990) framework: PAHs + VSGs + BGs, for each 0.3<U<103 PAHs updated via ISO VSGs given new temperature distribution profiles FarIR updated via ISO/IRAS/SCUBA, e.g., (>200m) = 2.50.4logU Variable powerlaw dist'n of radiation fields Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 Dale & Helou (2002) Lacks Spitzer midIR updates Extends only to LIRGs “Singleparameter” family Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 Dale & Helou (2002) Lacks Spitzer midIR updates Extends only to LIRGs “Singleparameter” family Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 Chary & Elbaz (2001) Silva et al. 1998 models to create ULIRG,LIRG,SB,normal Arp220,N6090,M82,M51 1012 L⊙ 1011 L⊙ 1010 L⊙ sequence defined by infrared luminosity Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 Chary & Elbaz (2001) Silva et al. 1998 models to create ULIRG,LIRG,SB,normal Arp220,N6090,M82,M51 318m replaced with ISO spectrum 1012 L⊙ 1011 L⊙ 1010 L⊙ sequence defined by infrared luminosity Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 Chary & Elbaz (2001) Silva et al. 1998 models to create ULIRG,LIRG,SB,normal Arp220,N6090,M82,M51 318m replaced with ISO spectrum Interpolated; added Dale et al. (2001) templates to increase variety 1012 L⊙ 1011 L⊙ 1010 L⊙ sequence defined by infrared luminosity Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 Chary & Elbaz (2001) Silva et al. 1998 models to create ULIRG,LIRG,SB,normal Arp220,N6090,M82,M51 318m replaced with ISO spectrum Interpolated; added Dale et al. (2001) templates to increase variety 1012 L⊙ 1011 L⊙ 1010 L⊙ sequence defined by infrared luminosity Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 Lagache et al. (2003) Tweaked Désert et al. (1990) / Dale et al. (2001), to better fit galaxy number counts 3∙1012 L⊙ 5∙1011 L⊙ 1011 L⊙ 1010 L⊙ sequence defined by infrared luminosity Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 Lagache et al. (2003) Tweaked Désert et al. (1990) / Dale et al. (2001), to better fit galaxy number counts 3∙1012 L⊙ 5∙1011 L⊙ 1011 L⊙ 1010 L⊙ sequence defined by infrared luminosity Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 Brandl et al. (2006) Collection of 22 Spitzer midinfrared spectra (starbust or starburst+AGN) Span wide range in silicate absorption Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 Smith et al. (2007) “Noisefree” midinfrared spectra from SINGS/Spitzer Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 Rieke et al. (2009) Empirical data for ULIRGs and LIRGs, including IRS spectra Single T blackbody Extends to lower LIR using Dale & Helou (2002) & Smith et al. (2007) sequenced according to LIR Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 Rieke et al. (2009) Empirical data for ULIRGs and LIRGs, including IRS spectra Single T blackbody Extends to lower LIR using Dale & Helou (2002) & Smith et al. (2007) Stronger PAH at high L than Chary & Elbaz sequenced according to LIR More peaked at high L than Dale & Helou Less cold dust emission at low L and more Si absorption at high L, than Siebenmorgen & Krügel Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 Some Popular Infrared SED “grids” Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 Some Popular Infrared SED “grids” The larger number of free parameters allow for more sophisticated interpretations Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 Siebenmorgen & Krügel (2007) Radiative transfer assuming spherical symmetry and no clumps Tested with 7 galaxies NSED=7000 Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 Siebenmorgen & Krügel (2007) Radiative transfer assuming spherical symmetry and no clumps Tested with 7 galaxies NSED=7000 Varies with: Luminosity Visual obscuration Nuclear size OBtototal luminosity Dust density in hot spots Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 da Cunha et al. (2008) Balances the inferred stellar attenuation with dust output Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 da Cunha et al. (2008) Balances the inferred stellar attenuation with dust output Fitted components: Age SFR Metallicity Attenuation of old stars Attenuation of young stars PAHs VSGs Warm BGs Cold BGs Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 Draine & Li (2007) Physical dust models for PAHs, carbonaceous grains, & amorphous silicate grains Heated by a powerlaw distribution of starlight intensities Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 Draine & Li (2007) Physical dust models for PAHs, carbonaceous grains, & amorphous silicate grains Heated by a powerlaw distribution of starlight intensities Returns: PAH mass fraction Umin (and Umax) Mdust PDR fraction See also Zubko et al. 2004 Jonsson et al. 2010 Compiègne et al. 2010 Narayanan et al. 2010 ... Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 Ideally the different templates should ... Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 … fit the observed range of SEDs Leiden Kartaltepe et al. (2010) Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 … fit the observed range of SEDs Leiden Kartaltepe et al. (2010) Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 Spoon et al. (2007) … reflect full diversity in obscuration Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 Spoon et al. (2007) … reflect full diversity in obscuration Deeply obscured Naked AGN Leiden Pure SB Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 Boselli et al. (2010) … match the observed colors Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 Draine & Li (2007) … be consistent in quantities like TIR Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 … be consistent in monochromatic / bolometric comparisons Barro et al. (2011) Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 … be flexible enough to accommodate evolution Hwang et al. (2010) Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 … be flexible enough to accommodate evolution Symeonidis et al. (2009) Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 New Results from Herschel NGC 6946 @ 70,100,170um Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 Fitting Draine & Li (2007) curves Powerlaw distribution over radiation field intensities U stellar diffuse fraction 1 for U = Umin ~ G0 PDR fraction Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 Panchromatic SEDs IRAC, ISOCAM, MIPS, IRAS, PACS, SPIRE, SCUBA Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 SED fit parameters Aniano et al. 2010, in prep Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 SED parameters: The impact of Herschel PDR fraction post/pre Herschel ratios plotted PAH mass fraction minimum radiation field Dust mass Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 Dust masses How accurate are single T (modified) blackbody estimates? Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 Dust masses How accurate are single T (modified) blackbody estimates? They are about 50% of the mass estimated via Draine & Li (2007) For BB fits restricted to 100500m Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 What is needed? Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 What is needed? Is there substantial cold dust in galaxies? How does the dust emissivity behave at long ? Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 What is needed? Is there substantial cold dust in galaxies? How does the dust emissivity behave at long ? →Large submm maps (>500m) of large galaxies lowmetallicity galaxies galaxy peripheries Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 What is needed? What does the dust continuum look like near 35m? Draine & Li (2007) Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 What is needed? What does the dust continuum look like near 35m? →SOFIA observations at 37m Draine & Li (2007) Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011 Thank you Leiden Herschel and the Characteristics of Dust in Galaxies 04 March 2011
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