1.231J/16.781J/ESD.224J Airport Systems – Fall 2007
Airport Characteristics
Amedeo R. Odoni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Page 1
Airport Characteristics
‰Objective:
– To provide background and an overview on
the diversity of airport characteristics
‰Topics:
– Discussion of geometric characteristics of
major airports
– Introduce useful background and terminology
– Critical aspects of airport layouts
– Some international comparisons
Reference: Chapter 9 [esp. 9.1-9.4]
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1
Airport Physical Layouts
‰Airport layouts exhibit enormous variability (general
layout, no. of runways, geometric configuration of
runways, length of runways, location and
configuration of terminal facilities)
‰Range from very simple to complex geometries
‰Area occupied is only mildly correlated with traffic
volumes
‰Layouts are greatly influenced by historical and
local factors
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London Gatwick (LGW)
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2
Designation of Runways
‰Runways are identified by a two-digit number,
which indicates the magnetic azimuth of the
runway in the direction of operations to the nearest
10º
‰When parallel runways are involved the indication
R (“right”), L (“left”) and, with three runways, C
(“center”) is also used (e.g., Runway 22R)
‰Note that 22R is 04L in the opposite direction
‰With 4-6 runways, one pair is marked to the
nearest 10º and the other to the next nearest 10º
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Osaka Kansai International (KIX)
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3
Seattle-Tacoma International (SEA)
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Milan Malpensa (MXP)
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4
Munich International (MUC)
Page 9
Athens International (ATH)
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5
Singapore Changi International (SIN)
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DEVELOPMENT PHASE 1A – COMMISSIONING DATE – 2008
Delhi International Airport (IGI)
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6
DEVELOPMENT PHASE 1B – COMMISSIONING DATE – 2010
(FOR 2012 CAPACITY)
Delhi International Airport (IGI)
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New York LaGuardia (LGA)
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7
Wind Coverage (ICAO)
‰For operations on any given runway, crosswinds
should not exceed:
– 37 km/h (20 knots) for aircraft whose reference
field length is 1500 m or more, except with poor
braking action, when the limit is 24 km/h (13
knots)
– 24 km/h (13 knots) for ref. field length between
1200 m and 1,499 m
– 19 km/h (10.5 knots) for ref field length of less
than 1,200 m
‰Crosswind coverage (or “airport usability factor”)
should be at least 95%
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Frankfurt International (FRA)
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8
London Heathrow (LHR)
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Satellite with people movers: Tampa (TPA)
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9
Satellite with people movers: Tampa (TPA)
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New York JFK International (JFK)
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10
Atlanta Hartsfield International (ATL)
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Atlanta Hartsfield
International (ATL)
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11
Midfield linear satellites: Atlanta (ATL)
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Los Angeles International (LAX)
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12
Paris Charles de Gaulle (CDG)
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Source: Airliners.net
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13
SATURATION PHASE DEVELOPMENT PLAN
Delhi International Airport (IGI)
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Zurich International (ZRH)
3,300 m
3,700 m
2,500 m
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14
Amsterdam Schiphol (AMS)
Page 29
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15
Passenger Complex, AMS
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Denver International (DEN)
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16
Boston/Logan: Proposed Airside Changes (2001)
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Dallas / Ft. Worth (DFW)
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17
Chicago
O’Hare
(ORD)
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Land Area of Some Major Airports
Airport
Denver
Dallas/Ft. W.
Orlando
Kansas City
Chicago
Atlanta
JFK Intern’l
Los Angeles
Miami
Newark
Boston
Wash Reagan
LaGuardia
Acres
34,000
18,000
10,000
8,200
6,500
6,000
4,950
3,600
3,250
2,300
2,250
960
650
m2
(x106)
136
72
40
33
26
24
20
14
13
9
9
3.8
2.6
Airport
m2 (x106)
Buenos Aires EZE
34
Paris CDG
31
Amsterdam
28
Delhi
20
Frankfurt
19
Athens
16
Munich
15
Singapore
13
Brussels
12
Milan MXP
12
London LHR
12
Tokyo HND
11
Sydney
9
Zurich
8
London GTW
8
Tokyo NRT
7
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Kansai
5
18
Factors Affecting Airport Area Requirements
• Principal factors affecting airfield size are:
– Airside capacity requirements: number and
configuration of runways and apron stands
– Weather: no. and configuration of runways
– Unused area: noise “buffer” or for future expansion
– Types of aircraft and operations: runway, taxiway,
apron dimensions and separations
– Location of passenger terminals and landside facilities
relative to runways
• Terminal facilities and related landside space
typically take up only 5-20% of an airport’s total
area
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30 Busiest Airports in the World (2006)
(1)= pax (million); (2)= movements (thousand)
(1)
(2)
(1)/(2)
(1)
(2)
Atlanta
84.8
976
87
Chicago/O’Hare
76.2
959
79
London/Heathrow
67.5
477
Tokyo/Haneda
65.2
Los Angeles
61.0
Dallas/Ft. Worth
(1)/(2)
Houston
42.6
603
71
New York/JFK
42.6
375
114
142
Phoenix
41.4
541
77
285
229
Detroit
36.4
482
76
657
93
Minneapolis
35.6
476
75
60.1
700
86
New York /Newark
35.5
444
80
Paris/CDG
56.8
542
105
Singapore
35.0
214
164
Frankfurt
52.8
489
108
Orlando
34.8
350
99
Beijing
48.5
376
129
London/Gatwick
34.2
263
130
Denver
47.3
597
79
San Francisco
33.5
353
95
Las Vegas
46.2
619
75
Miami
32.5
386
84
Amsterdam
46.1
440
105
Tokyo/Narita
31.8
189
168
Madrid
45.5
435
105
Philadelphia
31.8
516
62
Hong Kong
44.0
280
157
Toronto
31.0
418
74
Bangkok
42.8
271
158
Munich
30.8
411
75
19
Contribution to Available Seat Mile Growth:
US Major Carriers (1970(1970-2001)
Source: Eclat Consulting (2002)
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Generalizations: Major Airports...
‰U.S.: Large volumes of passengers and aircraft;
overwhelmingly domestic; numerous regional
non-jets, general aviation; small no. of pax/flight
‰Europe: Fast-growing passenger volumes at
major airports; primarily international; narrowbody airline jets still dominate; few g.a. flights;
intermediate no. of pax/flight
‰East Asia/Pacific Rim: Fast-growing passenger
volumes; strongest presence of wide-body jets;
very few g.a. flights; large no. of pax/flight;
numerous new low-fare carriers
‰Diversity is enormous; understanding of local
factors is essential.
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