June 2nd, 2016
AIM: What were the political, religious, and economic effects
of the Columbian Exchange on Europe, Africa and the
Americas?
DO NOW: Answer Questions 1 – 10 on page
162. (write in notes, won’t be collected)
HOMEWORK:
- Columbus reading – (don’t answer questions) – Thursday
- Outline pages 571 – 75 “The Columbian Exchange” – Friday,
June 3rd
- Study Review Packet for DBQ essay on Monday & Tuesday]
EXTRA CREDIT FOR MAKING INDEX CARDS
Columbian Exchange
• Columbus traveled back and forth from
Europe to the Americas
• On these expeditions he brought goods to
and from the countries
• Columbus began a vast global exchange
that would effect the world
• Because this global exchange began with
Columbus we call it the Columbian
Exchange
Goods were exchanged
•
•
•
•
•
People
Plants
Animals
Technology
Diseases
What is the Old World
and what is the New
World?
From The Old World
Europe
Wheat
Onions
Apples
Carrots
Horses
Cattle
Africa
Radishes
Watermelon
Coffee
Asia
Rice
Sugarcane
Mangoes
** How would horses impact the New World?
From The New World
North America
Central America
South America
Sunflowers
Corn (Mexico)
Avocadoes
Peppers
Beans
Cocoa
Potatoes
Tomatoes
Peanuts
** Why would potatoes be important in Europe?
Impact on Population
• By the 1700s, corn, potatoes, beans and
tomatoes were contributing to population
growth
• People began migrating to the Americas
as well
– Why would people want to move to the
Americas?
Continued..
• European diseases (like small pox) killed Native
Americans
• Shortage of labor to grow cash crops led to the use of
African slaves
– Spain needed help for their American empires
• Slavery was based on race (Superior vs Inferior)
• European plantation system in the Caribbean and the
Americas destroyed indigenous economics and
damaged the environment.
Thematic Essay – Page 165
1st paragraph – Why Age of Exploration is
considered a turning point.
** always introduce the topic, overall
definition + when & where
2nd paragraph – Evaluate whether impact is
positive or negative + WHY!!!
include facts & details
reference docs. (Doc. 2)
E. Napp
June 3, 2016
AIM: Was Columbus’s “discovery” of the New World more of a
positive or negative event in human history?
DO NOW: Based on the reading about
Columbus, should he have a holiday?
Explain. (write in notes) Also, please take out
the reading.
HOMEWORK: Study the Review Packet in order
to prepare for DBQ essay on Monday/Tuesday.
- Discuss document /source. Reliable? Primary?
*Make notes, sketches in margins. Highlight!
E. Napp
Possible Theses
In spite of the purple effects of Columbus’s
arrival, this event should be recognized as a
orange time in world history because of topicA,
topicB, and topicC.
Although discovery of the Western Hemisphere
brought about purpleness, this was actually a
green event in human history because of topicA,
topicB and topicC.
Possible Paragraph Topics
Possible Paragraph Topics - Pro
- Food/Health
-Spread of Christianity
-Stock Market
- Development of Modern World
-Civilization
- Globalization
- Bravery/Heroism -Long-term benefits
- Capitalism
-Development of Modern Nations
Possible Paragraph Topics – Con
- Human Costs
- Devt of modern Racism - disease
- Slavery
-Cruelty
- Human Costs
- Sexual Slavery - New form of slavery
-Encomienda
- Destruction of Civilizations/Cultures
-Short-term costs
- Modern gap between 1st and 3rd world nations
VOCABULARY:
The Commercial Revolution
Mercantilism
Colonies
Mother Country
Capitalism
Joint Stock Company
E. Napp
TURNING POINT:
The Commercial Revolution marked
an important step in Europe from
local economies to a global economy.
E. Napp
Mercantilism
• Mercantilism was the belief that a nation’s
power depended on the ownership of gold and
silver.
• 16th – 18th centuries
• In order to acquire gold and silver, European
countries established overseas colonies to
provide gold and silver.
E. Napp
Mother countries imported cheap
raw materials like cotton or jute and
exported more expensive finished
goods like shirts or rope
E. Napp
Capitalism
• Merchants and bankers laid the foundations for
capitalism.
• In a capitalist system, business owners risk
their capital (money) to start new businesses
hoping to make profits. ENTREPRENEURS
• Individuals formed joint-stock companies.
E. Napp
A stock certificate represents partial
ownership in a business. Allows a business
to raise large amounts of capital.
E. Napp
Joint Stock Companies
• A Joint stock company is a privately owned
company that sells stock or partial ownership in
the company to investors.
• Investors risk their capital or money when they
purchase stock.
• If the company is successful, the investor
receives his share of the profits.
E. Napp
Joint stock companies were sometimes
given charters to establish settlements
in the “New World”.
E. Napp
“Triangular” trade made some
continents wealthy while it impoverished
other continents.
E. Napp
MODERN NATIONS
European kings
increased their
wealth and power
through conquest
and colonization.
E. Napp
While European Kings and capitalists
increased their wealth, Native American
Indians and Africans were terribly exploited.
E. Napp
Questions for Reflection:
• Define mercantilism.
• How did European nations increase their wealth
and power?
• Define capitalism.
• Why did individuals invest in Joint stock
companies?
• What was “Triangular” trade?
• What was the relationship between a mother
country and a colony?
E. Napp
Triangular Trade and the
Atlantic Slave Trade
Atlantic Slave Trade
•The Atlantic slave trade was started in the 1500s
to fill the need for labor in Spain’s American
empire.
•Each year, traders
shipped tens of
thousands of
enslaved Africans
across the Atlantic to
work on tobacco and
sugar plantations in
the Americas.
Atlantic Slave Trade
•Europeans relied on African rulers and traders to
seize captives in the interior and bring them to
coastal trade posts and fortresses.
•The slave trade
intensified as the demand
for slaves increased in the
Americas and the demand
for luxury goods increased
in Africa.
Atlantic Slave Trade
• The Atlantic slave trade formed one part of a three-legged
trade network know as the triangular trade.
Destinations of Enslaved Africans
What country imported the most slaves?
Which imported the fewest?
The Middle Passage
•Hundreds of men, women and children crammed on
one vessel
•“Floating Coffins”
•Dying from disease or brutal mistreatment
•Few of the
Africans who
resisted lived
to see the end
of their
journey
Impact of the Slave Trade
•By the 1800s, an estimated 11 million enslaved Africans
had reached the Americas. Another 2 million probably
died during the Middle Passage.
•The slave trade caused the decline of some African
states. The loss of countless numbers of young
women and men resulted in some small states
disappearing forever.
•New African states arose whose way of life
depended on the slave trade. The rulers of these new
states waged war against other Africans in order to
gain control of the slave trade in their region.
Commercial Revolution
•
Opening trade with Asia, Africa and America
changed (revolutionized) Europe’s economy:
1. Inflation caused by
– growth in population = increase in demand for goods and
services
– because goods were scarce, sellers could raise their prices
– by mid-1500s silver and gold were everywhere and rulers
were using it to make coins – thus an increased amount of
money in circulation
– combine this with scarcity of goods and prices will rise
Growth of Capitalism
2. Expanded trade and push for overseas
empires spurred the growth of capitalism
–
–
–
entrepreneurs and capitalists wanted more money
they made up a new business class devoted to
making profits
this changed the local European economy into an
international trading system
Mercantilism
3. Basic Ideas behind mercantilism:
–
Nation’s wealth based on its gold and silver
treasure
Must export more goods than imported
Colonies existed for benefit of parent country
–
–
•
•
•
Provide raw materials and resources
Provide a market for selling manufactured goods
Colonies could ONLY buy from parent country
Summary of Commercial
Revolution
• How did the Commercial Revolution
change Europe’s economy?
– Prices rose (inflation)
– A new business class (entrepreneurs) was
created ….capitalism
– The goal of European economies changes
from agrarian base to CASH based
(mercantilism)
Effects on Ordinary People
•
Nobility/Upper Class
–
–
•
Wealth came from land, not cash
Could not raise money to pay higher costs
for luxury goods
Middle Class (Merchants)
–
–
–
Investments led to increased wealth
Grew powerful in cities
Enjoyed comfortable living
Effects on Ordinary People
•
Peasants/Laborers/Lower Class
–
–
–
Wages did not keep up with inflation
Peasants reluctant to grow new crops
City laborers forced to live in poverty
Food for Thought
• Before the Columbian Exchange, there were
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
no oranges in Florida
no bananas in Ecuador
no paprika in Hungary
no tomatoes in Italy
no pineapples in Hawaii
no cattle in Texas
no chile peppers in Thailand and India
no cigarettes in France
no chocolate in Switzerland