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THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE
History of
Sport
SPECIAL ISSUE
‘Manufactured’ Masculinity
The Cultural Construction of Imperial
Manliness, Morality and Militarism
Author: Professor J.A. Mangan
Professor J.A. Mangan, in response to requests world-wide, here brings together in easily accessible
form his dispersed writings on his foremost scholastic interest which has attracted global attention
and applause, the ‘manufacture’ of masculinity through the medium of the playing field, predominantly
but not exclusively, in the transformative late Victorian and Edwardian eras, and mostly but not
completely, in the ‘Anglo-Saxon’ imperial world at the high point of its prestige, power and influence.
From about 1850 imperial masculinity was methodically ‘manufactured’ throughout the empire by means of
a ‘cultural-conveyor belt’. The famous schools for the privileged powered the process; the ‘machine tools’
employed were mostly team games; and the ‘workshops’ were mostly playing fields. By this means minds
were moulded, attitudes were constructed and bodies were shaped for manhood. Earlier ‘manliness’ was
metamophosized, morality was re-defined and militarism at the high point of imperial grandeur was an adjunct.
Professor Mangan outlines this unique process of cultural conditioning with an unique range of
evidence and analysis.
Professor Sheldon Rothblatt, the distinguished cultural historian from the University of California
A
(Berkeley) provides a stimulating and informative Appreciation. He writes, “It is a privilege for me to
attach some thoughts about Tony Mangan to this collection of essays. I would also like to commend
the publisher for having the wisdom to bring together a substantial body of stylish writings that merit
special attention. If ever there was a prose style so completely fitted to the subject –a muscular
prose not without sympathy, a strong voice not without unexpected sentiment, a direct message but
one that appreciates cultural complexity – here it is for all of us to note and enjoy.”
The International Journal of the History of Sport is widely regarded as the leading
journal in the field of the historical study of sport in its political, cultural, social, educational,
economic, spiritual and aesthetic dimensions. Published 18 times per year, the journal
has no equal as a pioneer of Collections, Monographs, Regional Numbers and an Annual
Historical Review, and it is the only journal of its kind that has appeared without a break for 28 years
18 issues per year
Print ISSN: 0952-3367
Online ISSN: 1743-9035
www.tandf.co.uk/journals/ijhs
Table of Contents
•
Prologue: Revolution - middle class ‘revolutionaries’ in pursuit of moral, physical, political and social health and the history of modern European sport as a history of modern
European ideas
Metamorphosis
•
Bullies, beatings, battles and bruises: ‘great days and jolly days’ at one mid-Victorian
public school
•
Athleticism: a case study of the evolution of an educational ideology
•
Social Darwinism and upper class education in late Victorian and Edwardian England FREE ACCESS
•
From hooligans to heroes and from ferocity to fair play: some English origins of world sport
•
Philathlete extraordinary: a portrait of the Victorian moralist Edward Bowen
Adjunct
•
Duty unto death: English masculinity and militarism in the age of the new imperialism FREE ACCESS
•
‘Muscular, militaristic and manly’: the middle class hero as moral messenger
•
Moralists, metaphysicians and mythologists: the ‘signifiers’ of a Victorian sub-culture
•
Games field and battlefield: a romantic alliance in verse
•
‘Golden boys’ of playing field and battlefield: celebrating heroes - ‘lost’ middle-class women versifiers of the Great War
Emulation
•
Imitating their betters and disassociating from their inferiors: grammar schools and the games ethic
•
Catalyst of change: John Guthrie Kerr and the adaptation of an indigenous Scottish tradition
•
Almond of Loretto: Scottish educational visionary and reformer
•
Missionaries to the Scottish middle classes
Dissemination
•
Images for confident control: stereotypes in imperial discourse
•
Britain’s chief spiritual export: imperial sport as moral metaphor, political symbol and cultural bond
•
‘The grit of our forefathers’: invented traditions, propaganda and imperialism
•
Ethics and ethnocentricity: imperial education in British Tropical Africa
•
Noble specimens of manhood: schoolboy literature and the creation of a colonial chivalric code
•
Soccer as moral training: missionary intentions and imperial legacies
•
Imperial origins: Christian manliness, moral imperatives and pre-Sri Lankan playing
fields - beginnings and consolidation
•
Epilogue: Evolution - aggression and androgyny: gender fusion in and beyond sport in the post millennium
To view a selection of free articles
from the special issue go to:
www.tandf.co.uk/journals/ijhs
FREE ACCESS
FREE ACCESS
FREE ACCESS
www.tandf.co.uk/journals/ijhs