Vascular Plant Species Checklist
of
Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area,
Montana and Wyoming
Insert 4 pictures of "new" species discoveries –
available upon request
Prepared for the National Park Service Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area
and the Greater Yellowstone Network
By
Bonnie Heidel and Walter Fertig
Wyoming Natural Diversity Database
University of Wyoming
PO Box 3381, Laramie, WY 82071
January 2002
.
Table of Contents
Page #
Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
Study Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9
Summary of Plant Inventory Work at Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area . .
9
Flora of Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
Noxious Weed Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
Additional Rare Plant Records in Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area . . . . . .
12
Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
Literature Cited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
Cover caption: Additions to the Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area flora include Castilleja
exilis (Big Horn County, WY), Dodecatheon conjugens (Big Horn and Carbon cos., MT), Oxytropis
besseyi var. ventosa (Carbon County, Montana), and Rosa arkansana (Big Horn County, Montana;
starting upper left, moving clockwise.)
2
Figures, Tables, and Appendices
Page #
Figure 1. Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
Figure 2. Increase in Number of Plant Taxa Recorded at Bighorn Canyon National
Recreation Area, 1924-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
Table 1. Chronology of Major Plant Collecting Efforts at Bighorn Canyon
National Recreation Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
Table 2. Summary of the Flora of Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area . . . . . . . .
12
Table 3. Summary of the Flora of Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area by County
Subunits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
Table 4. State Noxious Weeds Confirmed or Reported from Bighorn Canyon National
Recreation Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
Table 5. Increase in Number of Plant Taxa Recorded at Bighorn Canyon National
Recreation Area, 1924-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
Appendix A. Annotated Vascular Plant Checklist of the Bighorn Canyon National
Recreation Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
Appendix B. Rejected Taxa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
59
Appendix C. Unconfirmed Taxa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
63
Appendix D. Potential Vascular Plant Flora of Bighorn Canyon National Recreation
Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
66
3
ABSTRACT
Under congressional mandate, each unit of the National Park Service is required to develop
comprehensive species lists that capture at least 90% of their total flora and fauna. Bighorn Canyon
National Recreation Area was surveyed extensively from 1976-1984, resulting in the documentation
of over 650 vascular plant taxa for the park. Rare plant surveys in 1998-99, however, resulted in the
discovery of 60 additional species, calling into question whether Bighorn Canyon NRA had
achieved the 90% threshold. In 2001 we were contracted to revise the existing checklist of the
park’s flora and conduct field surveys in under-sampled habitats to identify potentially missing
species. After extensive review of the existing literature and herbarium collections at Bighorn
Canyon and the Rocky Mountain Herbarium, we identified 81 species that had been falsely reported
for the park and 45 additional taxa that could not be verified. Our herbarium search and fieldwork
also identified over 120 additional species that had not previously been identified for Bighorn
Canyon, including 22 additional weed species. Our revised checklist now contains 739 vascular
plant taxa, all of which have been verified with voucher specimens or reliable observation data. We
also compiled a list of 148 potential species that could occur in the study area due to the presence of
suitable habitat. If we add the 44 potential species with the highest probability of occurring in the
park, the current checklist would still represent over 94% of the total flora. Some relatively
inaccessible areas of the National Recreation Area and cryptic or taxonomically difficult species
groups remain undersampled, but overall, the known flora of Bighorn Canyon is probably at or near
the 90% target level.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We thank National Park Service staff for their interest, help and support. Lane Cameron (Biological
Inventory Coordinator for the Greater Yellowstone Network) provided coordination throughout the
project. Field plans were coordinated with Rick Lasko (Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area).
The planning contributions of Martina Keil, and the benefit of information on BICA herbarium
additions compiled by Suzanne Morstad in addition to her observations were indispensible. Boat
transporation was coordinated through Chris Ryan. We appreciate the opportunities to discuss this
project with Darrell Cook, Theo Hugs, and other NPS staff.
The herbarium and data resources of the University of Wyoming - Rocky Mountain Herbarium
(RM) were vital and are acknowledged with deepest gratitude. B. E. Nelson, manager of the RM,
shared information from his collections at Bighorn Canyon in 1979-1980. Dr. Dennis Knight of the
University of Wyoming provided a box of old data forms, photos, and original notes from the
floristic and ecological studies of Robert Lichvar, Ellen Collins, and Yoshiko Akashi at Bighorn
Canyon in the early 1980s. We thank Scott Laursen and Melanie Arnett for help in compiling
herbarium information at the RM, and Martin Miller (Montana Natural Heritage Program) for help
processing the 2001 rare plant information in Montana. Stuart Markow helped greatly in specimen
review. The report benefited by the reviews of Robert Dorn, B. E. Nelson, Lane Cameron and
Suzanne Morstad.
This project was conducted in collaboration with the Montana Natural Heritage Program. It was
supported by the Inventory and Monitoring Initiative of the National Park Service - Greater
Yellowstone Network.
4
INTRODUCTION
The National Park Service established Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area* in 1966 to
promote recreational opportunities on Yellowtail Reservoir and to protect historical sites, such as
the Mason-Lovell Ranch and Bad Pass Trail. Due to its location at the confluence of the Great
Plains, Central Rocky Mountains, and Wyoming Basins ecoregions, Bighorn Canyon harbors an
unusually rich diversity of vegetation types and over two dozen locally endemic or rare plant
species (Knight et al. 1987; Heidel and Fertig 2000). From a conservation perspective, Bighorn
Canyon National Recreation Area is significant because it is one of the few areas in the northern
Bighorn Basin and adjacent foothills of the Bighorn/Pryor Mountains that is permanently protected
and managed with an emphasis on maintaining biological processes (Merrill et al. 1996).
An important mission of the National Park Service is to conserve the natural, recreational and
cultural resources of each park unit for current and future generations. In spite of this emphasis,
many parks have lacked comprehensive inventories of their flora and fauna or monitoring programs
to assess impacts of management actions on target species. In 1998, Congress directed the Park
Service to develop a program to inventory and monitor the biological resources of the entire park
system in order provide better informed management decisions. Since 1999, the Park Service has
been conducting regional expert workshops to determine the state of existing knowledge on the
biota of each park and to identify data gaps and research needs. The ultimate goal of this effort is to
attain a 90% complete species checklist and develop monitoring programs for each park unit
(National Park Service 2000).
An initial floristic survey of Bighorn Canyon by Lichvar et al. (1985) documented 656 vascular
plant taxa for the National Recreation Area. In conjunction with a rare plant inventory in 19981999, Heidel and Fertig (2000) documented 60 additional plant taxa for the NRA, calling into
question whether the existing checklist represented at least 90% of the actual flora. In April 2001,
the Greater Yellowstone Network of the National Park Service contracted with the University of
Wyoming’s Natural Diversity Database (WYNDD) to revise the existing checklist and conduct new
field surveys to assess whether the 90% representation goal had been achieved. In addition,
WYNDD was charged with documenting new localities of noxious weeds and rare plants. The
results of this study are summarized on the following pages. This report includes an annotated
checklist of the known flora of Bighorn Canyon, lists of falsely reported and unconfirmed species,
and a list of plants that potentially occur in the area.
STUDY AREA
Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area parallels Yellowtail Reservoir (Bighorn Lake) for 71
miles from the vicinity of Kane, Wyoming to Fort Smith, Montana (Figure 1). It encompasses
22,499 ha (55,595 acres) and ranges in elevation from 1100-2450 meters (3600-8040 ft). It also
includes the Yellowtail Reservoir that has completely inundated the original Bighorn Canyon.
* The NPS code that is used to denote Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area is “BICA”. This code is used in the report to refer
to both the study area and the NPS herbarium facility in particular.
5
Downcutting by the Bighorn River and regional faulting and erosion have exposed thick Paleozoic
limestone and dolomite cliffs, soft red Cretaceous sandstones, and Quaternary alluvium and
pediments (Love and Christensen 1985). Knight et al. (1987) documented 21 main vegetation types
in the study area, ranging from lakeshore marshes and floodplain woodlands to prairie grasslands
and coniferous forests at higher elevations. The most common vegetation type by far, however, is
Utah juniper/Curlleaf mountain mahogany, which covers over 40% of the NRA.
Based on vegetation, geology, and landforms, the Bighorn Canyn National Recreation Area can be
subdivided into three distinct biogeographic units that roughly correspond with the boundaries of
the three counties that intersect the park. The southernmost segment lies in Big Horn County,
Wyoming. Much of this area consists of rocky outcrops of red sandstone, and desert shale barrens
dominated by Utah juniper, curlleaf mountain-mahogany, greasewood, shadscale, Gardner’s
saltbush, and other desert species with affinities to the flora of the Great Basin. This section is the
driest portion of the study area and averages just 6.7 inches of annual precipitation (based on
NOAA records from Lovell, WY). The southern unit also contains riparian woodlands, extensive
marshes along the floodplain of Yellowtail Reservoir and uplands that are in the Yellowtail Wildlife
Habitat Management Area, co-managed with the Wyoming Game and Fish Department.
The middle segment of the study area is mainly in Carbon County, Montana. It has the highest
elevation of the three segments because it includes the face of the Pryor Mountains escarpment, but
is primarily a dry foothills landscape, dissected by steep limestone and dolomite canyons. The
vegetation consists of arid foothills grasslands, Utah juniper and curlleaf mountain mahogany
shrublands, and limited coniferous forests of Douglas-fir, limber pine, and Engelmann spruce and
subalpine fir (Knight et al. 1987). This area also contains numerous cold water seeps that provide
habitat for a number of rare wetland plants, including Sullivantia hapemanii (Heidel and Fertig
2000). Due to its diversity of habitats and topography, the middle segment has the highest species
richness of any of the three segments comprising the study area. Lichvar et al. (1985) reported a
number of subalpine and alpine taxa from this area, but most of these species were actually found
on one section of state land just west of the present National Recreation Area boundaries. The
southern and middle segments of the NRA contain most of its local and regional endemic species,
such as Eriogonum brevicaule var. canum, Erigeron allocotus, and Rorippa calycina. The Montana
portion also contains a high percentage of rare desert plants at the northern margins of their range
that are found nowhere else in that state (Dorn 1978; Heidel and Fertig 2000).
The northernmost segment of the study area lies within Big Horn County, Montana. It is the wettest
segment of the study area. The area around Fort Smith has an annual precipitation averaging 18.9
inches. It is a separate unit connected to the other segments by the Yellowtail Reservoir. The land
area of this northernmost unit is over 10 times smaller than the other two segments. However, it
includes well-developed mesic valley bottom vegetation and perennial coldwater streams within
30 ft. of the reservoir highwater level under NPS administration, unlike the other segments. In
addition, the north unit contains Great Plains vegetation, foothills woodlands, and a short reach of
the free-flowing Big Horn River. The Three Mile Fishing Access area located 3 miles north of the
northeastern end of the National Recreation Area was not included in this study.
6
North
5 Kilometers
0
Wheelchair accessible
Marina
Campground
Crow Indian
Reservation
Ranger station
Lifeguarded
swimming area
National Forest
campground
Pryor Mountain
Wild Horse Range
Boat ramp
Picnic area
Snack bar
10
5 Miles
10
Rive
0
National
Recreation Area
r
Figure 1. Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area
Ha y C
ou l e
e
rn
313
Bi
gh
o
Yellowtail
Wildlife Habitat
Management Area
n
or
gh
R
Ca
Bi
Historic
o
ou te
man Trail
f Boz e
Soa
Three Mile Access
r
p C
ee
Afterbay
Dam
k
Afterbay
Grapevine Creek
Hayfield Fight Monument
Yellowtail Dam Visitor Center
Historic Route of Bad Pass Trail
Ok-A-Beh
Not open to hiking or driving
Private Property
Site of Historic Fort C. F. Smith
Private Property
Yellowtail Dam
Fort Smith
Frozen Leg
BL
Pi t
CROW INDIAN RESERVATION
ch f
No Trespassing
eek
rn
o Cr
ho
od o
ig
Ho
B
CA
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C ree
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No Trespassing
HO
Limited Access
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Ranch
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Canyo
Cr
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Boat-in only
CROW INDIAN RESERVATION
BIG
Layou t
Gyp C r e e k
Medicine Creek
Barry’s Landing
Cre
ek
ty
M
at
UN
Big Horn Co., MT
en
bc
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ee
IN
Cr
ee
k
TA
ile
Cr
MO
Tw
Bo
PRYOR MOUNTAIN
WILD HORSE RANGE
d
DEV
MONTANA
WYOMING
S
Crooke
Devil Canyon Overlook
Carbon Co., MT
i Cr e ek
eK
Bl
k
S
Limited Access
Hillsboro
ek
Cre
ek
C re
IN
eek
Cr
TA
BIGHORN CANYON
NATIONAL
RECREATION AREA
Lockhart
Ranch
e
ee
Elk
BI
Medicine
Boat-in only
Cr
B ull
Cr
e
ln
Black Canyon
a bin
t C
N
B ig
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CUSTER
NATIONAL
FOREST
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ee
R
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ek
PR
Li m
AN
Cr e
Dr y H
ead
K
C
ork
Big Horn Co., MT
AC
ke
La
an C r e e k
War M
Park
Headquarters
Boat-in only
IL CANYON
Cr
MONTANA
WYOMING
e
ek
Big Horn Co., WY
Horseshoe Bend
Po
Crooked Creek
r cu
e
p in
Historic Route of
Bad Pass Trail
Creek
37
310
n
s ho
Sho
14A
Lovell
Bighorn
Lake
er
e Ri v
Bighorn Canyon
Visitor Center
BIGHORN NATIONAL
FOREST
YELLOWTAIL
WILDLIFE
HABITAT
Cot t onwo
o d Cr eek
Bighorn
Medicine Wheel
Mason-Lovell
Ranch
Porcupine
14A
Bald Mountain
14A
310
7
na
l
METHODS
Lichvar et al. (1985) assembled a vascular plant species checklist for Bighorn Canyon National
Recreation Area based on collections made during floristic and vegetation surveys in 1983-84.
Heidel and Fertig (2000) amended this list to include species records from their rare plant survey
work in 1998-99, as well as additional species reported by Knight et al. (1987), and additions
among the collections of the Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area Herbarium (BICA). Prior to
survey work in 2001, we reevaluated every entry in our preliminary checklist to ensure that all
species were corroborated by a valid voucher specimen or observation. An initial sweep of the
Rocky Mountain Herbarium (RM) revealed a number of specimens that were either misidentified or
were collected outside the boundaries of Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area. In May 2001,
Fertig reexamined the entire BICA collection to confirm the identity of all voucher specimens,
verify their presence within the study area, and annotate the preliminary checklist with county-level
distribution data. From this new information we developed a working checklist that highlighted
those species still in need of confirmation in the field or from the collections at RM.
Field surveys in 2001 focused on six undersampled vegetation types that we identified during our
rare plant inventory in 1998-99: riparian corridors of coldwater streams, cushion plant communities,
marsh and forest riparian habitat, cliffs, montane grassland, and seeps (Heidel and Fertig 2000). We
also inventoried those sites that had more difficult access and areas that required repeat visits to
capture the phenological array of species. In particular, we emphasized early and late-flowering
graminoids, exotics, and composites that appeared to be undersampled in previous studies. Survey
locations were scattered across the three segments of the study area to ensure geographic breadth of
inventory, in keeping with National Park Service inventory guidelines (USDI National Park Service
2000). We did not include species planted by the National Park Service or at the landscaped
headquarters in Lovell, Wyoming. We did include species that persisted from plantings that pre-date
BICA establishment in 1966.
Our herbarium work and fieldwork required four visits to Bighorn Canyon between 29 May and 11
August 2001. In the field we made collections of species that were either additions to the study area
flora or which had not previously been vouchered. Collecting was done only if plant populations
were sufficiently large. When necessary, we substituted detailed observation data for physical
specimens. In the case of rare species or noxious weeds, we documented new location and habitat
data to augment existing records within the study area. For all species we recorded county-ofdistribution information within the National Recreation Area. Voucher specimens were taken to the
Rocky Mountain Herbarium (RM) for identification and deposited there. Duplicate sheets were
prepared for deposit at BICA.
At the conclusion of the field season, we created a revised checklist incorporating the additional
species collected or observed in 2001. We also rechecked the collections of the RM for all
remaining species on the initial checklist that lacked vouchers at BICA or were not relocated in the
field. Using the RM’s digital specimen database, we were able to locate several dozen historical
records from the park, including 49 collections made by B. Ernie Nelson in 1979-80 that were not
included by Lichvar et al. (1985). The entire checklist was revised to follow the standard
nomenclature of Kartesz and Meacham (1999) as used in NPSpecies database for scientific and
common names. Synonyms were provided if these names differed from those used in the current
statewide floras of Montana and Wyoming (Dorn 1984, 2001).
8
Our final checklist contains all vascular plant taxa known to occur in Bighorn Canyon National
Recreation Area based on verified voucher specimens or observations (Appendix A). This list has
been annotated to include global heritage rank (NatureServe 2001, http://natureserve.abi.org/),
native or exotic status (Fertig 1999a), distribution within the National Recreation Area by county, a
representative voucher collection (with collector and repository), date of first documentation in the
study area, and other pertinent comments. Appendix B and C contain lists of species that were
previously reported for the park but have either been rejected or cannot be confirmed at present.
To test whether the flora of Bighorn Canyon has been adequately sampled, we developed an
additional list of species that may potentially occur within the area, but which have not yet been
documented (Appendix D). This list was created by comparing our confirmed species list with the
Rocky Mountain Herbarium’s digital “Atlas of the Vascular Plants of Wyoming”
(www.esb.utexas.edu/chumley/wyomap/atlas.htm) and checklists of the flora of the Pryor
Mountains, Bighorn Range, and Bighorn Basin (Lesica and Achuff 1992, Fertig 1999b). The
probability of occurrence for each species was given a rank of high, medium, or low depending on
its global abundance and the presence of suitable habitat in the study area. Additional comments
are provided on where these species are most likely to be found within Bighorn Canyon.
RESULTS
Summary of Plant Inventory Work at Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area
Prior to 1976, botanical studies in the Bighorn Canyon area were limited to sporadic collections or
baseline ecological surveys of dominant community types (Table 1). The earliest known collection
from the area is a specimen of Sarcobatus vermiculatus made by R.C. Snelling in 1924 (Rocky
Mountain Herbarium records). During the next 50 years, only three additional species were
collected and deposited at the RM from the Wyoming portion of the NRA (early records from
Montana are poorly known, although W.E. Booth made a small number of collections in the vicinity
of Bighorn Canyon in the 1950s and 1960s, deposited at Montana State University.)
All previous botany and vegetation studies cited by Lichvar et al. (1985) and Knight et al. (1987)
are from outside the BICA study area. They did not mention and we were not able to determine the
source of two unpublished plant checklists for Bighorn Canyon in 1968 (110 species) and 1975 (225
species) (Anonymous 1968, 1975). The source and authenticity of these floristic records has not
been confirmed.
Robert Dorn documented 24 additional plant taxa for the NRA in 1976-77 while doing general
collecting in Carbon County, Montana (Dorn 1978). M.L. Roberts, a University of Wyoming
graduate student, added one species in 1976. Collections were also made by B. E. Nelson,
University of Wyoming (RM) in 1979-80 as part of a multi-year floristic survey of the Bighorn
Range and surrounding basins (Nelson and Hartman 1984). Nelson documented 49 additional
species for the NRA at the mouth of John Blue Canyon and along Yellowtail Reservoir in Big Horn
County, Wyoming. In 1981-82, Park Service employees Terry Peters, Kathy Jobe, William
Messerschmidt, and Arlene Wolf made over 100 collections from Horseshoe Bend, Trail Creek, and
Barrys Landing in Wyoming and Montana and added 56 additional species to the park’s flora
(BICA records).
9
Table 1. Chronology of Major Plant Collecting Efforts at Bighorn Canyon NRA
Year(s)
19241966
19761977
Collector
(main
repository)
R.C. Snelling,
W.E. Booth, D.
Despain, and E.
Clausen (RM)
Robert Dorn
(RM, MONTU)
and M.L. Roberts
(RM)
Number of
Additional
Species
4
Collection Area
Comments
Bighorn Canyon, WY.
Identified from Rocky
Mountain Herbarium
digital location database.
25
Pryor Desert and Bighorn
Mountains in Montana
Mouth of John Blue Canyon
in WY on east side of
Yellowtail Reservoir (part of
floristic survey the Bighorn
Range) and locally on the
west side
Mostly near Horseshoe Bend
Campground, Trail Creek
Campground, and Barry’s
Landing in Wyoming and
Montana
Cited in Lichvar et al.
(1985) and highlighted in
a Madrono article on
significant new records of
the Great Basin flora for
Montana (Dorn 1978).
The collections include
additions to the study
area flora. They were not
cited in Lichvar et al.
(1985).
19791980
B. E. Nelson
(RM)
49
19811982
Terry Peters,
Kathy Jobe,
William
Messerschmidt,
and Arlene Wolf
(BICA)
Robert Lichvar,
Ellen Collins, and
Dennis Knight
(RM, BICA, NY)
George Jones,
Dale Ditolla, and
Richard Myers
(RM)
56
1983
1984
19941996
19981999
2001
Walter Fertig and
Robert Dorn
(RM)
Bonnie Heidel,
Walter Fertig, and
Laura Welp (RM,
MONTU, BICA)
Bonnie Heidel,
Walter Fertig, and
Suzanne Morstad
(RM, BICA)
384
47
3
60
111
Throughout Bighorn Canyon
NRA in Wyoming and
Montana as part of floristic
survey and vegetation study
Throughout Bighorn Canyon
NRA in Wyoming and
Montana as part of
vegetation study
Horseshoe Bend and
Yellowtail Wildlife Habitat
Management Unit, WY
Throughout Bighorn Canyon
NRA in Wyoming and
Montana as part of rare plant
survey
Throughout Bighorn Canyon
NRA in Wyoming and
Montana as part of floristic
survey
10
The collections include
additions to the study
area flora. They were not
cited in Lichvar et al.
(1985).
Principle source of
information presented in
Lichvar et al. (1985)
The collections include
additions to the study
area flora. Most are
reported in Knight et al.
(1987), but not all are in
Lichvar et al. (1985).
Cited in Heidel and Fertig
(2000)
Additions to the study
area flora were reported
in the appendix of Heidel
and Fertig (2000).
Results in this report.
The first truly systematic inventory of the flora of Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area was
conducted in 1983 by Robert Lichvar and Ellen Collins of the Wyoming Natural Heritage Program
in collaboration with Dr. Dennis Knight of the University of Wyoming. Lichvar and Collins made
over 600 collections (deposited at BICA, RM, and the New York Botanical Garden) and reported
nearly 500 additional species for study area. In 1984, Knight and his student collaborators (George
Jones, Dale Dittola, Richard Myers, and Yoshiko Akashi) added several hundred additional
vouchers and at least 47 additional taxa (BICA and RM records) in the course of documenting the
study area vegetation. Based on their own collections and the records of Dorn (1978), Lichvar et al.
(1984, 1985) reported 656 vascular plant taxa for Bighorn Canyon. This list did not include many
of the earlier records of B. E. Nelson deposited at the RM or specimens deposited at BICA by
National Park Service staff. The Lichvar et al. (1985) checklist also contained at least 60 taxa that
were misidentified or collected outside of Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area and 45 species
that cannot be confirmed today with vouchers. Based on our reassessment, the 1983 and 1984
collections of Lichvar, Collins, Knight, Jones, and associates added 431 additional species to the
flora.
Only three species were added to the flora between 1985 and 1998. Bonnie Heidel, Walter Fertig,
and Laura Welp of the Montana and Wyoming natural heritage programs documented 60 additional
taxa at Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area during rare plant surveys in 1998-99. Heidel and
Feritg (2000) compiled a revised checklist containing all additional records collected since 1985 and
reports from Knight et al. (1987), and the collections at BICA that were omitted by Lichvar et al.
(1985). This list identified 774 vascular plant taxa for the NRA.
Flora of Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area
Based on our field surveys in 2001 and review of existing voucher specimens at RM and BICA, the
flora of Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area currently consists of 739 vascular plant taxa
(Table 2, Appendix A). We observed or collected 76 additional species for the area in 2001 and
relocated 33 taxa previously reported by Lichvar et al. (1985) that had been misidentified or lacked
corroborating voucher specimens from within Bighorn Canyon. Suzanne Morstad (NPS)
discovered 2 additional species in 2001 and we located 8 additional species records from previously
overlooked specimens at RM and BICA. Our surveys and herbarium work added 407 county
distribution records within the NRA, increasing the size of each subunit’s flora by 28-36% (Table 3,
Appendix A).
Our revised checklist does not include 81 species from Heidel and Fertig (2000) or Lichvar et al.
(1985) that have been shown to be falsely reported (Appendix B). Of these taxa, 51 were
misidentified and 30 were collected just outside of Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area. An
additional 45 species reported from previous checklists still cannot be confirmed by authenticated
voucher specimens or observations (Appendix C). According to Robert Dorn (personal
communication), some of these “missing” specimens may have been deposited at the New York
Botanical Garden, rather than RM or BICA (we have been unable to confirm this). We believe that
at least 34 of the 81 rejected species and 37 of the 45 unconfirmed species still have some potential
to be found in the study area based on their occurrence in similar habitats in the vicinity (Appendix
D).
11
Table 2. Summary of the flora of Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area1
Taxonomic Level
Family
Genus
Species/ varieties
Tally in Lichvar et al. (1985)
73
320
656
Current Tally (2001)
83
372
739
Table 3. Summary of the Flora of Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area by County Subunits
County
Total # of Taxa
Big Horn, WY
Carbon, MT
Big Horn, MT
# of Additional Taxa
Documented in 2001
99
138
170
342
493
463
Percentage Increase
in # of Taxa in 2001
+ 28.9%
+ 28.0%
+ 36.7%
Noxious Weed Documentation
We documented 22 additional species of non-native plants on Bighorn Canyon National Recreation
Area in 2001, bringing the total number of exotic plants in the park to 105 (an increase of 21.0%).
Non-natives now account for 14.2% of the total flora. By comparison, exotic plants represent only
12.6% of the flora of Wyoming (Fertig 1999a). Twelve species considered noxious weeds in
Montana or Wyoming occur within the study area and one additional species has been reported, but
could not be confirmed in 2001 (Table 4).
Although weeds were not the primary focus of our 2001 fieldwork, we documented several new
populations of salt-cedar (Tamarix chinensis) and Russian knapweed (Acroptilon [Centaurea]
repens) that were not previously recorded in Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area noxious
weed GIS database. Salt-cedar was located along several side drainages of Bighorn Canyon but
was most abundant at the southern end of the study area in the Yellowtail Wildlife Habitat
Management Area. Low-water conditions in 2001 exposed extensive areas of mudflats that are
being rapidly colonized by Salt-cedar seedlings. Discrete patches of Russian knapweed were
located along the Ok-a-Beh road and Frozen Leg picnic site, widely-distributed at the highwater
margins, and colonizing on the newly-exposed mudflats at the southern end of Yellowtail Reservoir.
Additional Rare Plant Records in Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area
No additional rare plant species were discovered during floristic surveys in 2001, although we did
identify several new locations for Sweetwater milkvetch (Astragalus aretioides), Lesica's
bladderpod (Lesquerella lesicii), persistant-sepal yellowcress (Rorippa calycina) and Hapeman's
sullivantia (Sullivantia hapemanii var. hapemanii). Rorippa calycina was documented at several
1
Some differences in the number of families and genera between 1985 and 2001 reflect changes in taxonomic concepts
rather than the documentation of new species. Following Dorn (2001), the number of families recognized in 2001
would increase to 91.
12
new locations on newly exposed mudflats at the south end of Yellowtail Reservoir, demonstrating
the capacity of this species to rapidly colonize new habitat given a local seedbank. One new
population of Sullivantia hapemannii was discovered and an extensive habitat complex just
upstream and downstream of Yellowtail Dam was surveyed. Printouts and electronic files of all
rare plant records documented in the 1998-99 and 2001 studies will be submitted separately.
Table 4. State Noxious Weeds Confirmed or Reported from Bighorn Canyon National Recreation
Area. List derived from Fertig (1999a) and Montana Weed Control Association
(www.mtweed.org).
Species
Common Name
Acroptilon repens
[Centaurea repens]
Arctium minus
Hardheads
[Russian knapweed]
Lesser burdock
Cardaria chalepensis
Lens-pod hoary-cress
MT
Cardaria pubescens
Centaurea biebersteinii
[Centaurea maculosa]
Centaurea diffusa
Globe-pod hoarycress
Spotted knapweed
WY
WY and MT
WY and MT
Cirsium arvense
White knapweed
[Bushy knapweed,
Diffuse knapweed]
Canadian thistle
WY and MT
Convolvulus arvensis
Field bindweed
WY and MT
Cynoglossum officinale
Gypsy-flower
[Common hound'stongue]
Creeping wild rye
[Quackgrass]
Wolf's-milk
[Leafy spurge]
Ox-eye daisy
WY and MT
Five-stamen tamarisk
[Salt cedar]
Elymus repens
[Agropyron repens]
Euphorbia esula var.
uralensis
Leucanthemum vulgare
[Chrysanthemum
leucanthemum]
Tamarix chinensis
State Noxious
Weed List
WY and MT
WY
13
Distribution in Bighorn
Canyon NRA
WY-Big Horn, MT- Big
Horn
WY-Big Horn, MTCarbon, MT-Big Horn
Reported for Bighorn
Canyon NRA by Lichvar et
al. (1985), but no vouchers
have been relocated for
confirmation and the
species was not observed
in the field in 2001.
WY-Big Horn
WY-Big Horn, MTCarbon, MT-Big Horn
MT-Big Horn
WY-Big Horn, MT- Big
Horn
WY-Big Horn, MT- Big
Horn
WY-Big Horn, MTCarbon, MT-Big Horn
WY
MT-Carbon, MT-Big Horn
WY and MT
MT-Carbon, MT-Big Horn
WY and MT
MT-Big Horn
WY and MT
WY-Big Horn, MTCarbon, MT-Big Horn
DISCUSSION
Based on our reassessment of all previous reports and review of herbarium specimens (RM and
BICA), the flora of Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area consisted of 628 confirmed taxa as
of 1999 (Table 5). Fieldwork in 2001 resulted in the discovery or relocation of 111 additional
species for the park, increasing the total flora to 739 species. The net increase of 15.0% confirms
our suspicions that the documented flora of Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area was below
the 90% target goal of the National Park Service.
The large increase in number of additional species relative to time and collection effort (Figure 2)
suggests that additional taxa remain to be found at the study area. Our potential species list
(Appendix D) includes 148 taxa from adjacent areas of Montana and Wyoming that could occur
within the study area. Forty-four of the potential species are considered “highly probable” because
of their region-wide abundance and preference for common habitat types present in the area. If
these 44 taxa were added to the Bighorn Canyon checklist, the current species count of 739 taxa
would still represent 94.4% of the total flora, well over the 90% threshold. This percentage drops to
87.0% if an additional 66 species of moderate probability are included in the checklist and 83.3% if
38 low probability species are recognized. Since many of these low to moderate probability taxa
are unlikely to be documented, the current checklist of Bighorn Canyon NRA is probably very close
to the Park Service’s goal of 90% completeness.
Table 5. Increase in Number of Plant Taxa Recorded at Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area,
1924-2001
Years
1924
1954
1964
1966
1976
1977
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1994
1996
1998
1999
2001
Additional
# of Species
Documented
1
1
1
1
24
1
26
23
21
35
384
47
2
1
31
29
111
Cumulative
# of Species
Documented
1
2
3
4
28
29
55
78
99
134
518
565
567
568
599
628
739
14
Figure 2. Increase in Number of Plant Taxa Recorded at Bighorn Canyon National Recreation
Area, 1924-2001.
Cumulative Number of Taxa
800
700
Number of Taxa
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
1924
1954
1964
1966
1976
1977
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1994
1996
1998
1999
2001
Year
Some additional geographic areas, habitats, and taxonomic groups may be targeted for future survey
to ensure that Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area meets the park service goal of a 90%
complete flora. The high-elevation western boundary of the National Recreation Area on the
midslopes of East Pryor Mountain was partially surveyed for rare species in 1998-99 but has not
been revisited for more common plants. Some species that extend downslope from higher elevation
subalpine habitat types may have been missed in our survey. Several sites along Yellowtail
Reservoir are inaccessible by land and may still be undercollected. The sand dune deposits below
the mouth of Big Bull Elk Creek were surveyed for rare species in 1998-99 but have not been
revisited for more common plants. Disturbed habitats and wetlands yielded high numbers of
additional taxa in 2001 and may still harbor undocumented species, especially in taxonomically
difficult families (such as Asteraceae, Poaceae, and Cyperaceae). A number of cryptic plants, as
well as species with early or very late phenologies, may still be undersampled. Some species that
we consider “undocumented” may actually have valid vouchers in the collections of the New York
Botanical Garden, but to confirm this will require either a visit to the facility or a specimen loan.
Finally, we were not able to work at the Montana State University Herbarium, where there may be
additional specimens from the study area collected by W.E. Booth. The highest priorities would be
to review the list of already confirmed species and those with a high probability of occurring in the
Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area.
15
LITERATURE CITED
Akashi, Y. 1988. Riparian vegetation dynamics along the Bighorn River, Wyoming. Master Thesis,
University of Wyoming, Laramie.
Anonymous, 1968. Table V. A systematic list of the plant taxa occurring in the study areas of the
Big Horn [sic] Canyon National Recreation Area. Revised 1968. Copied from unknown
report document.
Anonymous, 1975. A partial list of plants of the Bighorn Canyon Area. Xerox copy.
Dorn, R. D. 1978. Great Basin vegetation in Carbon County, Montana. Madroño 25(2): 105-106.
Dorn, R.D. 1984. Vascular Plants of Montana. Mountain West Publishing, Cheyenne, WY.
Dorn, R.D. 2001. Vascular Plants of Wyoming, third edition. Mountain West Publishing,
Cheyenne, WY.
Fertig, W. 1999a. Non-native plants of Wyoming. Castilleja (A Publication of the Wyoming
Native Plant Society) 18(2): 7-10.
Fertig, W. 1999b. Protection status and checklist of the vascular plant flora of the Bighorn
Landscape. Report prepared for the Nature Conservancy Wyoming Field Office by the
Wyoming Natural Diversity Database, Laramie.
Heidel, B. and W. Fertig. 2000. Rare plants of Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area. Report
prepared for the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation and Bighorn Canyon National
Recreation Area by the Montana Natural Heritage Program and Wyoming Natural Diversity
Database.
Kartesz, J.T. and C.A. Meacham. 1999. Synthesis of the North American Flora, version 1.0. North
Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, NC.
Knight, D.H., G. P. Jones, Y. Akashi, and R. W. Myers. 1987. Vegetation ecology in the Bighorn
Canyon National Recreation Area, Wyoming and Montana. Report prepared for the US
National Park Service and University of Wyoming-National Park Service Research Center.
Lesica, P. and P. Achuff. 1992. Distribution of vascular plant species of special concern and limited
distribution in the Pryor Mountains Desert, Carbon County, Montana. Report to Bureau of
Land Management. Montana Natural Heritage Program, Helena.
Lichvar, R.W., E. I. Collins, and D.H. Knight. 1984. Checklist of vascular plants for the Bighorn
Canyon National Recreation Area. Unpublished report for the Wyoming National Park
Service Research Center and the Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area.
16
Lichvar, R.W., E. I. Collins, and D.H. Knight. 1985. Checklist of vascular plants for the Bighorn
Canyon National Recreaton Area, Wyoming and Montana. Great Basin Naturalist
45(4):734-746.
Love, J.D. and A.C. Christiansen. 1985. Geologic Map of Wyoming. US Geological Survey.
Merrill, E.H., T.W. Kohley, M.E. Herdendorf, W.A. Reiners, K.L. Driese, R.W. Marrs, and S.H.
Anderson. 1996. The Wyoming Gap Analysis Project Final Report. Department of Zoology
and Physiology, Department of Botany, and Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife
Research Unit, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY.
Nelson, B.E. and R.L. Hartman. 1984. Flora of the Big Horn Mountains, checklist. Report
prepared by the Rocky Mountain Herbarium, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY.
USDI National Park Service. 2000. Guidance for the design of sampling schemes for inventory and
monitoring of biological resources in National Parks. Appendix 1. In: The National Park
Service’s Greater Yellowstone Area Vertebrate and Vascular Plant Inventory Workshop.
Bozeman, MT.
17
Api
Anacardi
Amaranth
Anacardi
Anacardi
Agav
Amaranth
Amaranthus retroflexus
Rhus glabra
Rhus trilobata
[Rhus aromatica var.
trilobata]
Toxicodendron
rydbergii
Berula erecta
Cut-leaf waterparsnip
Western poison-ivy
Red-root amaranth
Smooth sumac
Ill-scented sumac
Soapweed yucca
Mat amaranth
Rocky Mountain
maple
Ash-leaf maple
Acer glabrum var.
glabrum
Acer negundo var.
interius
Yucca glauca
Amaranthus blitoides
Acer
Acer
Common Name
Species Name
[synonyms]
Family
(__aceae)
G4G5
G5
G?
G5
G5
G5
G?
G5T5
G5T5
Global
rank
N
N
E
N
N
N
N
N
N
Native/
exotic
18
O
O
X
X
X
O
O
O
O
O
X
X
O
Lichvar 5929 (RM)
Lichvar 6911 (RM)
O
Heidel 2071 (RM)
Lichvar 6402 (RM)
Collins 552 (RM)
Collins 695 (RM)
Collins 854 (RM)
Lichvar 5685
(BICA)
Collins 570 (BICA)
Sample Voucher
X
X
X
O
O
X
MT- Big
Horn Co
MTCarbon Co
X
X
O
WY - Big
Horn Co
1983
1983
2001
1983
1982
1983
1983
1983
1983
Year first
collected
Includes A. albus
reported in Knight
et al. 1987.
Comments
The following species list is modified from Lichvar et al. (1985) and Heidel and Fertig (2000) and is based on new field surveys in 2001 and a
thorough re-examination of specimens at the University of Wyoming’s Rocky Mountain Herbarium (RM) and Bighorn Canyon National Recreation
Area Herbarium (BICA). Nomenclature follows Kartesz and Meacham (1999) for scientific names and common names. Pertinent synonyms have
been included for names that differ from those in the most current statewide floras of Montana and Wyoming (Dorn 1984, 2001). The list is
organized alphabetically by family, following the classification adopted by Kartesz and Meacham (1999), with alternate family names included
where these differ from Dorn (2001). For brevity, family names do not include the standard suffix ‘aceae’. Global rank is a measure of rangewide
abundance of each taxon using a scale from 1 (rarest) to 5 (most common) and is derived from the NatureServe website (http://natureserve.abi.org/).
Native and exotic (introduced) status was determined from Fertig (1999a) and Kartesz and Meacham (1999). Presence in each of the three counties
within Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area is indicated by an “X” for species with a documented herbarium voucher and “O” if the record is
based on a reliable observation. X or O indicates a new county distribution record within the study area in 2001. A “?” indicates some uncertainty
regarding the identification of a species or its confirmed presence within a county. Sample voucher specimens are cited for each species and contain
information on the collector, collection number, and repository (if known). The first year column indicates the year of the earliest known vouchered
herbarium record or confirmed observation within Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area. This year does not necessarily correspond with the
year that the representative voucher was collected. Additional comments are provided as necessary to clarify our treatment of a particular taxon; in
this column the BICA abbreviation refers to either the Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area study area or its herbarium facility.
Appendix A. Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Plant Flora
of Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area.
Cicuta maculata var.
angustifolia
Conioselinum
scopulorum
Conium maculatum
Cymopterus acaulis
Heracleum maximum
[H. sphondylium var.
lanatum]
Lomatium dissectum
var. multifidum
Lomatium
foeniculaceum
Lomatium orientale
Api
Aniseroot
Common yampah
Osmorhiza berteroi
[O. chilensis]
Osmorhiza
depauperata
Osmorhiza longistylis
Perideridia gairdneri
var. borealis
[P. montana]
Pteryxia terebinthina
var. albiflora
[Cymopterus
terebinthinus var.
albiflorus]
Sanicula marilandica
Apocynum
androsaemifolium
Api
Api
Api
Apocyn
Api
Api
Api
Maryland black
snakeroot
Spreading dogbane
Turpentine wavewing
Mountain sweetcicely
Blunt-fruit sweetcicely
Musineon divaricatum
Musineon vaginatum
Api
Api
Api
Chocolate-tips
Poison-hemlock
Plains spring-parsley
American cowparsnip
Spotted waterhemlock
Rock lovage
American thorow-wax
Common Name
Carrot-leaf desertparsley
Oriental desertparsley
Leafy wild parsley
Sheathed wild parsley
Api
Api
Api
Api
Api
Api
Species Name
[synonyms]
Bupleurum
americanum
Family
(__aceae)
Api
G5
G5
G5
T4T5
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5
G3?
G5
G3G4
T?
G5
G4G5
G5
G5
G4
G5T5
Global
rank
G5
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
E
N
N
N
N
Native/
exotic
N
19
X
X
O
X
O
X
WY - Big
Horn Co
X
Collins 816 (RM)
Lichvar 6162b (RM)
O
X
Fertig 18385 (RM)
X
X
Lichvar 6114 (RM)
Lichvar 6898 (RM)
Heidel 2096 (BICA)
X
X
Collins 558 (RM)
Heidel 1854
(MONTU)
Collins 807 (RM)
Lichvar 5664 (RM)
Lichvar 5683 (RM)
Lichvar 6398 (RM)
Knight 908 (RM)
Lichvar 5601 (RM)
Lichvar 6140 (RM)
Booth 54639 (RM)
Heidel 2124 (RM)
Heidel 1996 (RM)
Sample Voucher
O
X
X
X
X
O
X
MT- Big
Horn Co
O
O
X
X
X
O
X
X
O
X
MTCarbon Co
X
1983
1983
1983
1983
1983
2001
1983
1983
1983
1983
1983
1983
1983
1983
1983
1954
1999
Year first
collected
2001
Earlier report
(Lichvar et al.
1985) was based
on a
misidentification
First report for
Montana
Earlier reports
were based on
specimens
collected outside
of BCNRA
Comments
Hardheads
[Russian knapweed]
Pale goat-chicory
Flat-spine burrragweed
Annual ragweed
Perennial ragweed
Great ragweed
Small-leaf pussytoes
Rosy pussytoes
Lesser burrdock
Heart-leaf
leopardbane
[Heartleaf arnica]
Shining leopardbane
Daffodil leopardbane
Twin leopardbane
Biennial wormwood
Achillea millefolium
Acroptilon repens
[Centaurea repens]
Agoseris glauca var.
dasycephala
Agoseris glauca var.
glauca
Agoseris glauca var.
laciniata
Ambrosia acanthicarpa
Ambrosia artemisiifolia
Ambrosia psilostachya
Ambrosia trifida
Antennaria microphylla
Antennaria rosea
Arctium minus
Arnica cordifolia
Arnica fulgens
Arnica latifolia
Arnica sororia
Artemisia biennis var.
biennis
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Swamp milkweed
Showy milkweed
Green comet
milkweed
Common yarrow
Asclepias incarnata
Asclepias speciosa
Asclepias viridiflora
Asclepiad
Asclepiad
Asclepiad
Pale goat-chicory
Pale goat-chicory
Indian-hemp
Common Name
Species Name
[synonyms]
Apocynum cannabinum
Family
(__aceae)
Apocyn
G5
G5T5
G5
G5
G5
G?
G5
G5
G5
G5
G4G5
G5
G4G5
T?
G4G5
T?
G4G5
T?
G?
G5
G5
G5
G5
Global
rank
G5
N
N
N
N
N
E
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
E
N
N
N
N
Native/
exotic
N
20
X
X
X
O
O
X
O
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
O
O
X
X
O
MTCarbon Co
X
X
O
X
WY - Big
Horn Co
O
X
O
X
X
O
X
X
X
X
X
O
X
X
X
MT- Big
Horn Co
O
Lichvar 5937
(BICA)
Lichvar 5936
(BICA)
Lichvar 6138 (RM)
Nelson 5077 (RM)
Lichvar 6174
(BICA)
Collins 849 (BICA)
Collins 649 (RM)
Nelson 7022 (RM)
Lichvar 6928 (RM)
Collins 900 (RM)
Jones, Ditolla, and
Meyers s.n. (BICA)
Heidel 2076 (RM)
Lichvar 6122
(BICA)
Lichvar 5572
(BICA)
Collins 645 (RM)
Jones, Ditolla, and
Meyers s.n. (BICA)
Fertig 18410 (RM)
Nelson 7020 (RM)
Collins 834 (RM)
Heidel 2035 (RM)
Wolf 88 (BICA)
Sample Voucher
1983
1979
1983
1983
1983
1982
1983
1980
1983
1983
1984
2001
1983
1983
1983
1982
1984
1980
1982
2001
Year first
collected
1982
Includes
misidentified A.
corymbosa
reported by Knight
et al. (1987)
Specimen
originally
misidentified as A.
parvifolia
Noxious weed in
WY
Duplicate
specimen at BICA
was misidentified
Noxious weed in
MT and WY
variety not
determined
Comments
Spotted knapweed
White knapweed
[Bushy knapweed;
Diffuse knapweed]
Artemisia frigida
Artemisia ludoviciana
var. ludoviciana
Artemisia michauxiana
Artemisia nova
Artemisia pedatifida
Artemisia tridentata
var. tridentata
Artemisia tridentata
var. vaseyana
Artemisia tridentata
var. wyomingensis
Balsamorhiza incana
Balsamorhiza sagittata
Bidens cernua
Bidens tripartita
[Bidens comosa]
Brickellia eupatorioides
var. corymbulosa
Brickellia grandiflora
Centaurea biebersteinii
[Centaurea maculosa]
Centaurea diffusa
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Tassel-flower
brickellbush
Nodding burrmarigold
Three-lobe
beggarticks
False boneset
Birdsfoot sagebrush
Big sagebrush
[Basin big sagebrush]
Big sagebrush
[Mountain big
sagebrush]
Big sagebrush
[Wyoming big
sagebrush]
Hoary balsamroot
Arrow-leaf balsamroot
Michaux's wormwood
Black sagebrush
Coaltown sagebrush
[Silver sage]
Dragon wormwood
[Tarragon]
Prairie sagebrush
[Fringed sage]
White sagebrush
Pacific wormwood
Common Name
Species Name
[synonyms]
Artemisia campestris
var. scouleriana
Artemisia cana var.
cana
Artemisia dracunculus
Family
(__aceae)
Aster
G?
G?
G5
G5T?
G5
G5
G4
G4G5
G5T5
G4
G5T4T
5
G5T4T
5
G4G5
G5
G5T?
G5?
G5
Global
rank
G5
T4T5
G5T5
E
E
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Native/
exotic
N
21
X
X
X
X
X
X
O
X
X
WY - Big
Horn Co
X
X
X
X
X
X
O
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
MTCarbon Co
X
Lichvar 6418
(BICA)
Heidel 2159 (RM)
X
Heidel 2119 (RM)
Heidel 2139 (RM)
Nelson 5067 (RM)
Collins 653 (BICA)
Lichvar 5654
(BICA)
Nelson 5064 (RM)
Clausen 66-237
(RM)
Heidel 1814 (BICA)
Jones, Dittola, and
Meyers s.n. (BICA)
Welp 7971 (RM)
Jones, Ditolla, and
Meyers s.n. (BICA)
Heidel 2066 (RM)
Lichvar 6892 (RM)
Collins 891 (BICA)
Jones, Dittola, and
Meyers s.n. (BICA)
Messerschmidt 39
(BICA)
Lichvar 6887 (RM)
Sample Voucher
X
X
X
X
O
X
X
X
X
MT- Big
Horn Co
X
2001
1983
2001
1998
1979
1979
1983
1983
1966
2001
1998
1984
1999
1984
1983
1982
1983
1981
Year first
collected
1984
Noxious weed in
MT and WY
Earlier reports
were based on
specimens
collected outside
of BCNRA
Noxious weed in
MT and WY
Comments
Chicory
Canadian thistle
Flodman's thistle
Hooker thistle
Wavy-leaf thistle
Bull thistle
Canadian horseweed
Long-leaf hawk'sbeard
Slender hawk's-beard
Limestone hawk'sbeard
Siskiyou hawk'sbeard
Fiddle-leaf hawk'sbeard
Fetid-marigold
Blacksamson
[Narrowleaf
coneflower]
Rubber rabbitbrush
Cirsium flodmanii
Cirsium hookerianum
Cirsium undulatum
Cirsium vulgare
Conyza canadensis
Crepis acuminata
Crepis atribarba
Crepis intermedia
Crepis modocensis
Crepis runcinata var.
glauca
Dyssodia papposa
Echinacea angustifolia
[E. pallida var.
angustifolia]
Ericameria nauseosa
var. graveolens
[Chrysothamnus
nauseosus var.
graveolens]
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Spear-leaf
rabbitbrush
Green rabbitbrush
Dusty-maiden
Common Name
Species Name
[synonyms]
Chaenactis douglasii
var. douglasii
[C. douglasii var.
montana]
Chrysothamnus
linifolius
Chrysothamnus
viscidiflorus var.
viscidiflorus
Cichorium intybus
Cirsium arvense
Family
(__aceae)
Aster
G5T5
G4
G5
G5T?
G4G5
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5
G4
G?
G5
G5T5
G5
Global
rank
G5
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
E
N
N
E
E
N
N
Native/
exotic
N
22
X
X
O
X
X
X
X
WY - Big
Horn Co
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
O
Nelson 7038 (RM)
Lichvar 5924
(BICA)
Heidel 1725
(MONTU)
Jones, Ditolla, and
Meyers s.n. (BICA)
Collins 824 (BICA)
Collins 738 (BICA)
Lichvar 6417
(BICA)
Nelson 7037 (RM)
Jones, Ditolla, and
Meyers (BICA)
Lichvar 6175 (RM)
Fertig 19448 (RM)
Jobe (s.n.) (BICA)
Heidel 1707
(MONTU)
O
X
X
Collins 894 (RM)
Collins 899 (BICA)
Lichvar 6886
(BICA)
Fertig 18404 (RM)
Heidel 1831 (RM)
Sample Voucher
X
X
X
MT- Big
Horn Co
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
MTCarbon Co
X
1980
1983
1984
1983
1983
1983
1983
1980
1984
1983
1983
1980
1998
1983
1983
1983
1983
Year first
collected
1983
Earlier reports
were based on
specimens
collected outside
of BICA
Noxious weed in
MT and WY
Comments
Erigeron caespitosus
Erigeron corymbosus
Erigeron glabellus var.
glabellus
Erigeron ochroleucus
var. ochroleucus
Erigeron ochroleucus
var. scribneri
Erigeron pumilus var.
pumilus
Erigeron strigosus
Eupatorium maculatum
var. bruneri
[Eupatoriadelphus
maculatus var. bruneri]
Eurybia conspicua
[Aster conspicuus]
Eurybia glauca
[Aster glaucodes,
Eucephalus glaucus]
Euthamia occidentalis
[Solidago occidentalis]
Gaillardia aristata
Gnaphalium palustre
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Species Name
[synonyms]
Ericameria nauseosa
var. nauseosa
[Chrysothamnus
nauseosus var.
nauseosus]
Erigeron allocotus
Family
(__aceae)
Aster
Western marsh
cudweed
Great blanket-flower
Western goldentop
Gray wood-aster
Eastern showy woodaster
Prairie fleabane
Spotted Joe-Pyeweed
Shaggy fleabane
Buff fleabane
Buff fleabane
Tufted fleabane
Long-leaf fleabane
Streamside fleabane
Big Horn fleabane
Rubber rabbitbrush
Common Name
G5
G5
G5
G4G5
G5
G5
G5
T4T5Q
G5T5
G5T5
G5
G5
G5
T4T5
G5T3
G3
Global
rank
G5T5
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Native/
exotic
N
23
X
X
O
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
MTCarbon Co
X
X
X
X
X
WY - Big
Horn Co
X
Heidel 2052 (BICA)
Nelson 5065 (RM)
X
Heidel 2155 (RM)
Heidel 1927
(MONTU)
Lichvar 6132 (RM)
Heidel 2132 (RM)
Lichvar 5599 (RM)
Lichvar 5711 (RM)
Lichvar 6192 (RM)
Dorn 2625
(MONTU)
Collins 824 (BICA)
Lichvar 6357 (RM)
Lichvar 6117 (RM)
Jones, Ditolla, and
Meyers s.n. (BICA)
Sample Voucher
X
X
O
X
X
X
X
X
MT- Big
Horn Co
O
1979
2001
2001
1999
2001
1983
1983
1983
1983
1983
1976
1983
1983
1976
Year first
collected
1984
Previously
reported, but no
voucher
specimens located
for corroboration.
Observed in
vegetative
condition by
Heidel in T6S
R31E Sec 19
Earlier reports
were based on
specimens
collected outside
of BCNRA
Comments
Dotted gayfeather
Field cotton-rose
Rush skeleton-plant
Helianthus annuus
Helianthus nuttallii
Helianthus pauciflorus
var. subrhomboideus
[H. rigidus var. s.]
Helianthus petiolaris
Heterotheca villosa var.
villosa
Hieracium albiflorum
Hieracium umbellatum
Hymenopappus
filifolius var. luteus
Hymenopappus
filifolius var.
polycephalus
[H. polycephalus]
Iva axillaris var.
robustior
Iva xanthifolia
Lactuca ludoviciana
Lactuca serriola
Lactuca tatarica var.
pulchella
[L. oblongifolia]
Leucanthemum vulgare
[Chrysanthemum
leucanthemum]
Liatris punctata
Logfia arvensis
[Filago arvensis]
Lygodesmia juncea
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Ox-eye daisy
Deer-root
[Poverty-weed]
Carelessweed
[Marsh-elder]
Louisiana lettuce
Prickly lettuce
Russian blue lettuce
Fine-leaf woolly-white
Prairie sunflower
Hairy false goldenaster
White-flower
hawkweed
Narrow-leaf
hawkweed
Fine-leaf woolly-white
Kindlingweed
[Broom snakeweed]
Common sunflower
Nuttall's sunflower
Stiff sunflower
Curly-cup gumweed
Common Name
Species Name
[synonyms]
Grindelia squarrosa
var. squarrosa
Gutierrezia sarothrae
Family
(__aceae)
Aster
G5
G5
G?
G?
G4G5
G?
G5T5
G5
G5
G5
T4T5
G5T?
G5?
G4G5
G4G5
G5T?
G5
G5
G5T5?
G5
Global
rank
G5T5
N
N
E
E
N
E
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Native/
exotic
N
24
X
X
O
X
X
X
X
X
X
O
X
WY - Big
Horn Co
X
Heidel 2141 (RM)
X
X
X
O
X
X
X
X
O
X
X
X
Lichvar 6133 (RM)
Lichvar 6361 (RM)
Lichvar 6128 (RM)
Lichvar 6902 (RM)
Collins 892 (RM)
Collins 829 (RM)
Nelson 5076 (RM)
Lichvar 5992 (RM)
Fertig 19457 (RM)
X
X
Lichvar 5597 (RM)
X
Collins 794 (RM)
Jones, Ditolla, and
Meyers s.n. (BICA)
Lichvar 6390 (RM)
Lichvar 6925
(BICA)
Nelson 5079 (RM)
Nelson 7029 (RM)
Lichvar 6924 (RM)
Knight K-16 (BICA)
Sample Voucher
O
O
O
X
X
X
MT- Big
Horn Co
X
X
X
X
O
X
X
MTCarbon Co
X
1983
1983
1983
1999
1983
1983
1982
1979
1982
2001
1983
2001
1983
1983
1984
1979
1980
1983
1981
Year first
collected
1983
Falsely reported
as native & rare
by Lichvar et al.
(1985)
Noxious weed in
MT and WY.
Observed at T7S
R31E Sec. 7 by
Heidel
Originally
determined as var.
filifolius
Earlier reports
were based on
misidentifed
specimens
Comments
Oligoneuron rigidum
var. humile
[Solidago rigida var.
humilis]
Packera cana
[Senecio canus]
Packera paupercula
[Senecio pauperculus]
Packera plattensis
[Senecio plattensis]
Packera pseudaurea
var. pseudaurea
[Senecio pseudaureus
var. pseudaureus]
Packera streptanthifolia
var. rubricaulis
[Senecio
streptanthifolius var.
rubricaulis]
Picrothamnus
desertorum
[Artemisia spinescens]
Platyschkuhria
integrifolia
Ratibida columnifera
Rudbeckia laciniata
var. ampla
Senecio eremophilus
var. eremophilus
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Species Name
[synonyms]
Machaeranthera
canescens var.
canescens
Machaeranthera
grindelioides
[Haplopappus nuttallii]
Machaeranthera
tanacetifolia
Malacothrix sonchoides
Microseris nutans
Nothocalais cuspidata
Family
(__aceae)
Aster
Red-spike Mexicanhat
Green-head
coneflower
Desert ragwort
Basin-daisy
Budsage
Rocky Mountain
groundsel
Streambank
groundsel
Prairie groundsel
Silver-woolly
groundsel
Balsam goundsel
Tahoka-daisy
[Tansy-aster]
Yellow-saucers
Nodding silverpuffs
Wavy-leaf prairiedandelion
Hard-leaf flat-top
goldenrod
Rayless tansy-aster
Hoary tansy-aster
Common Name
G5T5
G5T?
G5
G5
G5
G5T?
G5T?
G4
G4G5
G5
G5T5
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5
Global
rank
G5T5
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Native/
exotic
N
25
X
X
X
X
X
X
WY - Big
Horn Co
X
X
O
X
X
O
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
O
O
MT- Big
Horn Co
O
MTCarbon Co
X
Lichvar 6383 (RM)
Collins 815 (BICA)
Lichvar 6927 (RM)
Lichvar 6032 (RM)
Lichvar 5607 (RM)
Heidel 2001 (RM)
Heidel 1853
(MONTU)
Heidel 1922
(MONTU)
Lichvar 6105 (RM)
Lichvar 5907 (RM)
Lichvar 6904
(BICA)
Lichvar 6047 (RM)
Collins 651 (RM)
Lichvar 5709 (RM)
Lichvar 6031 (RM)
Lichvar 5998 (RM)
Jones, Dittola, and
Meyers s.n. (BICA)
Sample Voucher
1983
1980
1982
1983
1983
1998
1999
1999
1983
1981
1983
1983
1983
1983
1982
1983
Year first
collected
1984
Previously
reported, but no
voucher
specimens located
for corroboration.
Comments
Sonchus oleraceus
Sphaeromeria capitata
Stenotus armerioides
[Haplopappus
armerioides]
Stephanomeria minor
[S. tenuifolia]
Stephanomeria
runcinata
Symphyotrichum
ciliatum
[Aster brachyactis]
Symphyotrichum
eatonii
[Aster bracteolatus, A.
eatonii]
Symphyotrichum
ericoides var. pansum
[Aster ericoides var.
pansus]
Symphyotrichum
frondosum
[Aster frondosus]
Symphyotrichum
lanceolatum var.
hesperium
[Aster lanceolatus var.
hesperius, A. h.]
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Species Name
[synonyms]
Senecio integerrimus
var. exaltatus
Solidago canadensis
var. salebrosa
Solidago gigantea
Solidago missouriensis
var. missouriensis
Solidago nemoralis var.
longipetiolata
Sonchus arvensis ssp.
uliginosus
[S. uliginosus]
Sonchus asper
Family
(__aceae)
Aster
White panicled
American-aster
Leafy American-aster
White heath
American-aster
Bracted Americanaster
Alkali American-aster
Flowering-straw
Lesser wire-lettuce
Common sow-thistle
Cluster-head chickensage
Thrift mockgoldenweed
Spiny-leaf sow-thistle
Field sow-thistle
Gray goldenrod
Late goldenrod
Missouri goldenrod
Canadian goldenrod
Lamb-tongue ragwort
Common Name
G5T5?
G4
G5T5
G5
G5
G5
G5
G4G5
G?
G3
G?
G?
G5T5
G5
G5T5
G5T5?
Global
rank
G5T5
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
E
N
E
E
N
N
N
N
Native/
exotic
N
26
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
O
WY - Big
Horn Co
Heidel 2146 (RM)
X
X
X
X
X
X
Heidel 2144 (RM)
Heidel 2138 (RM)
Nelson 7030 (RM)
Collins 874 (BICA)
Jones, Ditolla, and
Meyers s.n. (BICA)
Heidel 1929
(MONTU)
O
Lichvar 5596 (RM)
Lichvar 6903
(BICA)
Lichvar 6047 (RM)
Lichvar 5627 (RM)
Heidel 1928 (BICA)
O
X
Nelson 7034 (RM)
Lichvar 6354 (RM)
X
Wolf 142 (BICA)
Knight K-34 (RM)
Lichvar 6383 (RM)
Sample Voucher
X
MT- Big
Horn Co
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
MTCarbon Co
1999
2001
1980
1983
1998
1984
1999
1983
1983
1976
1983
1982
2001
1980
1984
1983
Year first
collected
1983
Previously
reported, but no
voucher
specimens located
for corroboration.
Comments
Common dandelion
Spineless horsebrush
Stemless four-nerve
daisy
Creeping Oregongrape
Water birch
German madwort
Basin cat's-eye
Mountain cat's-eye
Buttecandle
Rough-seed cat's-eye
Kelsey's cat's-eye
Taraxacum officinale
Tetradymia canescens
Tetraneuris acaulis var.
acaulis
[Hymenoxys acaulis
var. acaulis]
Tetraneuris torreyana
[Hymenoxys torreyana]
Townsendia hookeri
Townsendia incana
Townsendia parryi
Townsendia spathulata
Tragopogon dubius
Wyethia scabra
Xanthium strumarium
var. canadense
Xylorhiza glabriuscula
Mahonia repens
Betula occidentalis
Asperugo procumbens
Cryptantha ambigua
Cryptantha cana
Cryptantha celosioides
Cryptantha flavoculata
Cryptantha kelseyana
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Berberid
Betul
Boragin
Boragin
Boragin
Boragin
Boragin
Boragin
Aster
Aster
Smooth woody-aster
Badland mule's-ears
Rough cockleburr
Torrey's four-nerve
daisy
Hooker's Townsenddaisy
Hoary Townsenddaisy
Parry's Townsenddaisy
Sword Townsenddaisy
Meadow goat's-beard
Red-seed dandelion
Taraxacum laevigatum
Aster
Aster
Common tansy
Common Name
Species Name
[synonyms]
Tanacetum vulgare
Family
(__aceae)
Aster
G5
G5
G4
G4
G5
G4G5
G?
G5
G4
G4
G5T5
G?
G3
G4?
G5
G5
G4
G5T5
G5
G5
G?
Global
rank
G?
N
N
N
N
N
N
E
N
N
N
N
E
N
N
N
N
N
N
E
N
E
Native/
exotic
E
27
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
O
X
O
X
X
WY - Big
Horn Co
X
X
O
X
X
X
X
X
O
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
MTCarbon Co
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
O
MT- Big
Horn Co
X
Lichvar 5669 (RM)
Lichvar 5591 (RM)
Collins 710 (RM)
Knight 68 (RM)
Lichvar 5648
(BICA)
Dorn 2623 (RM)
Lichvar 6000 (RM)
Jones, Ditolla, and
Meyers s.n. (BICA)
Lichvar 5679 (RM)
Messerschmidt s.n.
BICA
Dorn 2629 (RM)
Collins 915 (RM)
Lichvar 5631 (RM)
Lichvar 5960 (RM)
Lichvar 6069
(BICA)
Dorn 2628 (RM)
Lichvar 5628 (RM)
Heidel 1926
(MONTU)
Lichvar 5633
(BICA)
Fertig 19442 (RM)
Jones, Ditolla, and
Meyers s.n. (BICA)
Wolf 105 (BICA)
Sample Voucher
1982
1976
1983
1976
1976
1982
1983
1983
1984
1976
1979
1981
1983
1983
1976
1983
1983
1982
2001
1984
1983
Year first
collected
1999
Collins 710
originally
determined as C.
watsonii
Includes reports of
C. caespitosa from
Knight et al. 1997
Comments
Eritrichium howardii
Hackelia deflexa var.
americana
Hackelia floribunda
Lappula occidentalis
var. cupulata
[L. redowskii var.
cupulata, L. texana]
Lappula occidentalis
var. occidentalis
[L. redowskii var.
redowskii]
Lappula squarrosa var.
erecta
Lithospermum incisum
Lithospermum ruderale
Mertensia ciliata
Mertensia oblongifolia
Onosmodium molle
var. occidentale
Tiquilia nuttallii
[Coldenia nuttallii]
Alyssum alyssoides
Alyssum desertorum
Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabis demissa var.
languida
[Boechera demissa var.
languida]
Arabis fendleri var.
spatifolia
[Boechera fendleri var.
spatifolia]
Boragin
Boragin
Boragin
Boragin
Boragin
Brassic
Brassic
Brassic
Brassic
Brassic
Boragin
Boragin
Boragin
Boragin
Boragin
Boragin
Boragin
Species Name
[synonyms]
Cynoglossum officinale
Family
(__aceae)
Boragin
Fendler's rockcress
Pale madwort
Desert madwort
Thalecress
Nodding rockcress
Rosette crinklemat
Fringed gromwell
Columbian puccoon
Tall fringe bluebells
Languid-lady
[Leafy bluebells]
Soft-hair marbleseed
Bristly sheepburr
Flat-spine sheepburr
Many-flower
stickseed
Flat-spine sheepburr
Nodding stickseed
Gypsy-flower
[Common hound'stongue]
Howard's alpine
forget-me-not
Common Name
G5T4
G?
G?
G?
G5T4
G5
G4G5
T4?
G5
G5
G5
G5
G?
G5T5
G5T5
G5?
G5TU
G4
Global
rank
G?
N
E
E
E
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
E
N
N
N
N
N
Native/
exotic
E
28
X
X
X
X
X
O
X
X
X
X
O
X
X
Fertig 18387 (RM)
Lichvar 5681 (RM)
Fertig 19419 (RM)
Heidel 2050 (RM)
Heidel 1995 (RM)
Dorn 2950 (RM)
Lichvar 6139
(BICA)
Lichvar 5563 (RM)
Lichvar 5653 (RM)
Lichvar 6164 (RM)
Lichvar 5573 (RM)
Fertig 19428 (RM)
X
Lichvar 6368
(BICA)
Lichvar 6096
(BICA)
Lichvar 6030 (RM)
Lichvar 6118 (RM)
Sample Voucher
Collins 722 (RM)
X
O
X
X
X
MT- Big
Horn Co
X
X
X
X
O
MTCarbon Co
O
X
X
X
O
X
X
X
WY - Big
Horn Co
O
1998
1983
2001
2001
1983
1977
1983
1983
1983
1983
1983
1984
1983
1983
1983
1983
1998
Year first
collected
1983
includes var. molle
falsely reported by
Lichvar et al.
(1985)
Observed above
Layout Creek (T8S
R28E S33) by
Heidel
Noxious weed in
MT and WY
Comments
Camelina microcarpa
Capsella bursa-pastoris
Cardaria pubescens
Chorispora tenella
Descurainia incana var.
incana
Descurainia pinnata
var. halictorum
[D. pinnata var.
osmiarum]
Descurainia pinnata
var. intermedia
Descurainia sophia
Draba albertina
[D. stenoloba]
Brassic
Brassic
Brassic
Brassic
Brassic
Brassic
Brassic
Brassic
Brassic
Brassic
Brassic
Brassic
Brassic
Brassic
Brassic
Species Name
[synonyms]
Arabis glabra
Arabis holboellii var.
collinsii
[Boechera holboellii
var. collinsii]
Arabis holboellii var.
pendulocarpa
[A. pendulocarpa var.
pendulocarpa,
Boechera exilis]
Arabis holboellii var.
pinetorum
[Boechera holboellii
var. pinetorum]
Arabis holboellii var.
retrofracta
[A. holboellii var.
secunda, Boechera
holboellii var. secunda]
Arabis nuttallii
[Boechera nuttallii]
Arabis sparsiflora var
subvillosa
[Boechera sparsiflora]
Barbarea orthoceras
Family
(__aceae)
Brassic
Brassic
Western tansymustard
Herb-sophia
[Flixweed]
Slender whitlow-grass
American yellowrocket
Little-pod false flax
Shepherd's-purse
Globe-pod
hoarycress
Crossflower
Mountain tansymustard
Western tansymustard
Elegant rockcress
Nuttall's rockcress
Holboell's rockcress
Holboell's rockcress
Holboell's rockcress
Tower-mustard
Holboell's rockcress
Common Name
G4
G?
G5T?
G5T?
G?
G5T5?
G?
G?
G?
G?
G5T?
G5
G5T5
G5T5?
G5T5?
Global
rank
G5
G5T5
N
E
N
N
E
N
E
E
E
N
N
N
N
N
N
Native/
exotic
N
N
29
X
X
X
X
WY - Big
Horn Co
Collins 551 (RM)
O
Lichvar 5677 (RM)
Fertig 19451 (RM)
X
X
Fertig 19431 (RM)
O
Dorn 2556
(personal
herbarium)
Lichvar 6161
(BICA)
Collins 587 (RM)
Lichvar 5718 (RM)
Lichvar 6052 (RM)
Lichvar 5705 (RM)
Lichvar 5693 (RM)
Lichvar 5923 (RM)
Heidel 1827
(MONTU)
Heidel 2040 (BICA)
Lichvar 5687 (RM)
Sample Voucher
Lichvar 5648 (RM)
Fertig 19425 (RM)
X
X
X
X
X
MT- Big
Horn Co
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
MTCarbon Co
X
O
1983
1983
2001
1983
1983
1984
1983
1983
1979
1983
1976
1983
1983
1983
1999
Year first
collected
1983
1983
Noxious weed in
WY
Lichvar 5923 was
originally
misidentified as
var. retrofracta
Duplicate
specimen at BICA
may be
misidentified
Lichvar 5687 was
originally
misidentified as
var. retrofracta
Comments
Erysimum capitatum
var. purshii
[E. asperum, E.
capitatum var.
argillosum]
Erysimum
cheiranthoides var.
altum
Erysimum
inconspicuum
Hesperis matronalis
Lepidium densiflorum
var. macrocarpum
Lepidium perfoliatum
Lesquerella alpina
Lesquerella lesicii
Lesquerella ludoviciana
Malcolmia africana
Physaria acutifolia
Physaria didymocarpa
Rorippa calycina
Rorippa curvipes var.
curvipes
Rorippa nasturtiumaquaticum
[Nasturtium officinale]
Rorippa palustris var.
fernaldiana
Brassic
Brassic
Brassic
Brassic
Brassic
Brassic
Brassic
Brassic
Brassic
Brassic
Brassic
Brassic
Brassic
Brassic
Brassic
Brassic
Brassic
Brassic
Species Name
[synonyms]
Draba oligosperma var.
oligosperma
Draba praealta
Draba reptans
Family
(__aceae)
Brassic
Bog yellowcress
Watercress
Persistent-sepal
yellowcress
Blunt-leaf yellowcress
Pryor Mountains
bladderpod
Louisiana bladderpod
African adder's-mouth
Sharp-leaf twinpod
Common twinpod
Clasping pepperwort
Alpine bladderpod
Mother-of-theEvening
[Dame's rocket]
Miner's pepperwort
Shy wallflower
Worm-seed
wallflower
Few-seed whitlowgrass
Tall whitlow-grass
Carolina whitlowgrass
Sand-dune wallflower
Common Name
G5T5
G5
G5T?
G3
G5
G?
G5
G5
G1
G?
G4
G5T5
G4G5
G4G5
G5
G5T?
G5
G5
Global
rank
G5
N
E
N
N
N
E
N
N
N
E
N
N
E
N
N
N
N
N
Native/
exotic
N
X
O
30
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
O
X
X
X
MTCarbon Co
X
X
X
X
X
O
X
X
X
X?
X
WY - Big
Horn Co
Lichvar 5880
(BICA)
Heidel 2153
X
Lichvar 6013 (RM)
Lichvar 6017 (RM)
Lichvar 6187 (RM)
Dorn 2540 (RM)
Lichvar 5872 (RM)
Lichvar 5636
(BICA)
Heidel 2022 (RM)
Lichvar 5719 (RM)
Lichvar 6463 (RM)
Collins 691 (RM)
Lichvar 5714 (RM)
Lichvar 6085 (RM)
Lichvar 6113 (RM)
Heidel 2019 (BICA)
Collins 665 (RM)
Lichvar 5931 (RM)
Lichvar 5966 (RM)
Sample Voucher
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
O
MT- Big
Horn Co
2001
1983
1983
1983
1983
1976
1983
1983
1998
1983
1983
1983
1983
1983
1983
1983
1983
1983
Year first
collected
1983
Some non-fruiting
specimens may
actually be P.
acutifolia
Includes vars.
alpina and
spathulata
Voucher at BICA
may be
misidentified
Comments
Yellow spider-flower
Rocky Mountain
beeplant
Red-whisker
clammyweed
Twinsisters
[Tatarian
honeysuckle]
Schoenocrambe
linifolia
[Sisymbrium linifolium]
Sisymbrium altissimum
Sisymbrium loeselii
Stanleya pinnata
Stanleya tomentosa
var. tomentosa
Streptanthella
longirostris
Thlaspi arvense
Opuntia polyacantha
var. polyacantha
Pediocactus simpsonii
Campanula rotundifolia
Humulus lupulus var.
neomexicanus
Cleome lutea
Cleome serrulata
Polanisia dodecandra
var. trachysperma
Lonicera tatarica
Brassic
Brassic
Brassic
Brassic
Cact
Cact
Campanul
Cannab
Cappar
Cappar
Cappar
Caprifoli
Brassic
Brassic
Brassic
Brassic
Hair-spine pricklypear
[Plains
prickly-pear]
Snowball cactus
Bluebell-of-Scotland
[Harebell]
Common hop
Long-beak fiddlemustard
Field pennycress
Tall hedge-mustard
[Tumblemustard]
False London rocket
[Loesel's
tumblemustard]
Golden prince'splume
Woolly prince's-plume
Spreading
yellowcress
Salmon River plainsmustard
Bog yellowcress
Common Name
Species Name
[synonyms]
Rorippa palustris var.
hispida
Rorippa sinuata
Family
(__aceae)
Brassic
G?
G5T?
G5
G5
G5
T4T5
G4
G5
G5T5
G?
G5
G4T3
G4G5
G?
G?
G5
G5
Global
rank
G5T5
E
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
E
N
N
N
E
E
N
N
Native/
exotic
N
31
X
X
O
X
X
X
O
X
X
X
WY - Big
Horn Co
X
O
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Heidel 2108 (RM)
Lichvar 6028 (RM)
Lichvar 6043 (RM)
Morstad s.n. (BICA)
Collins 647 (BICA)
Lichvar 6074
(BICA)
Heidel 2090 (RM)
Lichvar 6010
(BICA)
Jones, Ditolla, and
Myers s.n. RM
Jones, Ditolla, and
Myers s.n. (RM)
Lichvar 6196 (RM)
X
Heidel 1971 (RM)
Lichvar 5994 (RM)
Lichvar 5606
(BICA)
Lichvar 6050 (RM)
Fertig 18414 (RM)
Sample Voucher
Wolf 86 (BICA)
X
X
X
MT- Big
Horn Co
X
X
X
X
MTCarbon Co
1999
1983
1976
2001
2001
1983
1983
1983
1984
1983
1983
1982
2001
1982
1983
1983
Year first
collected
1998
Earlier report by
Lichvar et al.
(1985) was based
on a misidentified
specimen
Previously
reported, but no
voucher
specimens located
for corroboration.
Comments
Minuartia nuttallii
[Arenaria nuttallii]
Paronychia sessiliflora
Silene antirrhina
Silene menziesii var.
viscosa
Spergularia salina
[S. marina]
Stellaria media
Atriplex argentea
Caryophyll
Chenopodi
Chenopodi
Chenopodi
Chenopodi
Caryophyll
Chenopodi
Caryophyll
Atriplex canescens var.
canescens
Atriplex confertifolia
Atriplex gardneri var.
gardnerii
Atriplex micrantha
[A. heterosperma]
Cerastium nutans
Caryophyll
Caryophyll
Caryophyll
Caryophyll
Cerastium arvense
Species Name
[synonyms]
Sambucus nigra ssp.
caerulea
[S. cerulea]
Symphoricarpos albus
var. albus
Symphoricarpos
occidentalis
Symphoricarpos
oreophilus var.
utahensis
Arenaria congesta var.
congesta
[Eremogene congesta
var. c.]
Arenaria hookeri var.
hookeri
[Eremogene hookeri
var. h.]
Arenaria serpyllifolia
Caryophyll
Caryophyll
Caryophyll
Caryophyll
Caprifoli
Caprifoli
Caprifoli
Family
(__aceae)
Caprifoli
Two-scale saltbush
Shadscale
Gardner's saltbush
Four-wing saltbush
Common chickweed
Silverscale
Saltmarsh sandspurry
Low nailwort
Sleepy catchfly
White catchfly
Field mouse-ear
chickweed
Nodding mouse-ear
chickweed
Brittle stitchwort
Thyme-leaf sandwort
Hooker's sandwort
Ball-head sandwort
Mountain snowberry
Western snowberry
Common snowberry
Black elder
Common Name
G?
G5
G5T5
G5T5?
G?
G5
G?
G5
G5
G5T?
G5
G5
G5
G?
G5T5?
G5T5?
G5T5?
G5
G5T4
Global
rank
G5?
E
N
N
N
E
N
E
N
N
N
N
N
N
E
N
N
N
N
N
Native/
exotic
N
X
O
X
32
X
X
X
X
X
O
X
X
X
X
O
O
X
X
Nelson 5080 (RM)
Knight K-46 (RM)
Lichvar 5604 (RM)
Lichvar 5697 (RM)
Jones, Ditolla, and
Myers s.n. (BICA)
Collins 916 (RM)
Fertig 14834 (RM)
Lichvar 5614 (RM)
Heidel 2036 (RM)
Lichvar 5870 (RM)
Collins 650 (RM)
Lichvar 6172 (RM)
Heidel 1861
(MONTU)
Lichvar 5555 (RM)
O
Lichvar 5927 (RM)
Lichvar 5612 (RM)
X
Lichvar 6415 (RM)
O
Collins 728 (BICA)
Collins 764 (RM)
Lichvar 6136 (RM)
Sample Voucher
X
MT- Big
Horn Co
X
X
X
X
X
X
MTCarbon Co
O
X
X
X
X
X
WY - Big
Horn Co
1979
1983
1983
1983
1983
1984
1994
1983
2001
1983
1983
1983
1983
1999
1983
1983
1983
1983
1983
Year first
collected
1983
Comments
Atriplex rosea
Bassia scoparia
[B. sieversiana, Kochia
scoparia]
Chenopodium
atrovirens
Chenopodium
berlandieri var.
zschackei
Chenopodium fremontii
Chenopodium
leptophyllum
Chenopodium
pratericola
Chenopodium rubrum
var. rubrum
Chenopodium salinum
[C. glaucum var.
salinum]
Corispermum sp.
Chenopodi
Chenopodi
Chenopodi
Halogeton glomeratus
Krascheninnikovia
lanata
[Ceratoides lanata]
Chenopodi
Chenopodi
Chenopodi
Cycloloma
atriplicifolium
Grayia spinosa
Chenopodi
Chenopodi
Chenopodi
Chenopodi
Chenopodi
Chenopodi
Chenopodi
Chenopodi
Species Name
[synonyms]
Atriplex powellii
Family
(__aceae)
Chenopodi
Saltlover
Winterfat
Spiny hop-sage
Winged-pigweed
Bugseed sp.
Rocky Mountain
goosefoot
Red goosefoot
Narrow-leaf
goosefoot
Desert goosefoot
Fremont's goosefoot
Pit-seed goosefoot
Pinyon goosefoot
Tumbling orache
Mexican fire-weed
[Summer-cypress]
Powell's orache
Common Name
G?
G5
G5
G5
G??
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5T?
G5
G?
G?
Global
rank
G4G5
E
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
E
E
Native/
exotic
N
33
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
O
MTCarbon Co
X
O
X
X
X
O
X
WY - Big
Horn Co
X
X
O
X
X
X
O
MT- Big
Horn Co
Jones, Ditolla, and
Myers s.n. (BICA)
Wolf 79 (BICA)
Lichvar 6056 (RM)
Heidel 2079 (RM)
Lichvar 6355 (RM)
Nelson 5068 (RM)
Heidel 1986 (BICA)
Fertig 19432 (RM)
Jones, Ditolla, and
Myers s.n. (RM)
Lichvar 6889 (RM)
Jones, Ditolla, and
Myers s.n. (BICA)
Nelson 7023 (RM)
Jones, Ditolla, and
Myers s.n. (RM)
Collins 918 (RM)
Knight K-56 (RM)
Sample Voucher
1982
1983
1984
2001
1983
1979
2001
1984
1983
1984
1980
1984
1983
1983
Year first
collected
1984
Originally
determined as C.
hyssopifolium
originally; the
immature
specimen was
annotated by
Mosyakin in
taxonomic revision
of genus to either
C. americanum or
C. villosum
Comments
Shaggy dwarf
morning-glory
Bush morning-glory
Redosier
[Red-osier dogwood]
Lance-leaf stonecrop
White bryony
Common juniper
Tradescantia
occidentalis
Convolvulus arvensis
Evolvulus nuttallianus
Ipomoea leptophylla
Cornus sericea
[C. stolonifera]
Sedum lanceolatum
Bryonia alba
Juniperus communis
var. depressa
Juniperus horizontalis
Juniperus osteosperma
Juniperus scopulorum
Carex aquatilis
Carex aurea
Carex brevior
Carex duriuscula
[C. stenophylla]
Commelin
Convolvul
Convolvul
Corn
Cucurbit
Cupress
Cyper
Cyper
Cyper
Cyper
Cupress
Cupress
Cupress
Crassul
Convolvul
Chenopodi
Chenopodi
[Sarcobat]
Chenopodi
Salicornia rubra
Salsola tragus
[S. australis, S. kali]
Suaeda moquinii
[S. nigra, S. fruticosa,
S. torreyana]
Suckleya suckleyana
Sarcobatus
vermiculatus
Chenopodi
Chenopodi
Short-beak sedge
Spike-rush sedge
[Narrow-leaved
sedge]
Creeping juniper
Utah juniper
Rocky Mountain
juniper
Leafy tussock sedge
[Water sedge]
Golden-fruit sedge
Field bindweed
Prairie spiderwort
Poison suckleya
Greasewood
Shrubby seepweed
Nuttall's povertyweed
Red saltwort
Prickly Russian-thistle
Common Name
Species Name
[synonyms]
Monolepis nuttalliana
Family
(__aceae)
Chenopodi
G5?
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5
G?
G5T5
G5
G3G5
G5
G5
G?
G5
G5
G5
G5
G4
G?
Global
rank
G5
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
E
N
N
N
N
N
E
N
N
N
N
N
E
Native/
exotic
N
X
O
34
O
O
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
O
X
X
X
O
X
O
X
X
O
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
O
X
X
X
O
Heidel 1708
(MONTU)
Heidel 2143 (RM)
Heidel 1852
(MONTU)
Collins 555 (RM)
Fertig 19455 (RM)
Collins 559 (RM)
Wolf 143 (BICA)
Jones, Ditolla, and
Myers s.n. (BICA)
Heidel 2045
Collins 565 (BICA)
Collins 893 (BICA)
Lichvar 5973 (RM)
Heidel 2032 (RM)
Fertig 14833 (RM)
Clausen 66-238
(RM), Snelling 18
(RM)
Lichvar 6180
(BICA)
Heidel 2037 (RM)
Lichvar 6033 (RM)
Heidel 2055 (RM)
Wolf 151 (BICA)
O
Sample Voucher
X
X
MT- Big
Horn Co
Collins 721 (RM)
MTCarbon Co
WY - Big
Horn Co
X
2001
1999
1998
1983
1984
1981
1982
2001
1983
1984
1983
1983
2001
2001
1983
1994
1924
1983
2001
1982
Year first
collected
1983
Noxious weed in
MT and WY.
Earlier voucher
specimens from
BICA were
collected at Lovell
visitors center.
Comments
Liddon sedge
Clustered field sedge
Ross' sedge
Canadian singlespike sedge
Long-beak sedge
Stalk-grain sedge
Valley sedge
Little green sedge
Carex gravida var.
gravida
Carex hoodii
Carex hystericina
Carex inops ssp.
heliophila
[C. pensylvanica var.
digyna, C. heliophila]
Carex interior
Carex microptera var.
microptera
Carex nebrascensis
Carex parryana var.
parryana
Carex pellita
[C. lanuginosa]
Carex petasata
Carex praegracilis
Carex rossii
Carex scirpoidea var.
scirpiformis
Carex sprengelii
Carex stipata
Carex vallicola
Carex viridula
Cyper
Cyper
Cyper
Cyper
Cyper
Cyper
Cyper
Cyper
Cyper
Cyper
Cyper
Cyper
Cyper
Cyper
Cyper
Cyper
Cyper
Carex filifolia
Carex geyeri
Cyper
Cyper
Woolly sedge
Parry's sedge
Nebraska sedge
Small-wing sedge
Inland sedge
Long-stolon sedge
[Pennsylvania sedge]
Hood's sedge
Porcupine sedge
Thread-leaf sedge
Geyer's sedge
[Elk sedge]
Heavy sedge
Black-root sedge
Common Name
Species Name
[synonyms]
Carex elynoides
Family
(__aceae)
Cyper
G5?
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5
T4T5
G5?
G5
G4T4
G5
G5?
G5
G5T5
G4G5
G5
G5T5?
G5
G5
Global
rank
G5
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Native/
exotic
N
35
O
X
O
O
O
X
WY - Big
Horn Co
X
X
X
O
X
X
X
X
X
O
X
X
X
O
X
X
X
X
X
Heidel 1858
(MONTU)
Jones, Ditolla, and
Myers s.n. (BICA)
Collins 804 (RM)
Lichvar 5692 (RM)
Heidel 2028 (RM)
Lichvar 6107 (RM)
Heidel 2023b (RM)
Heidel 2109 (RM)
Heidel 1819
(MONTU)
Nelson 5456 (RM)
Heidel 2005 (RM)
Lichvar 6106
(BICA)
Lichvar 6150 (RM)
Collins 777 (RM)
Heidel 1716
(MONTU)
Collins 574 (RM)
Heidel 2101 (RM)
X
X
X
Lichvar 5566 (RM)
Heidel 2041 (RM)
Heidel 2065 (RM)
Sample Voucher
O
MT- Big
Horn Co
X
X
X
X
X
X
MTCarbon Co
X
1983
1984
1998
1983
2001
1983
2001
2001
1980
1983
2001
1983
1983
1983
1983
1998
1999
1983
2001
Year first
collected
2001
Lichvar 5692
originally
misidentified as C.
hystericina
Earlier reports
based on a
misidentified
specimen
Previously
reported, but no
voucher
specimens located
for corroboration.
Comments
Oregon cliff fern
Russian-olive
Silver buffalo-berry
Russet buffalo-berry
Field horsetail
Tall scouring-rush
Smooth scouring-rush
Variegated scouringrush
Rib-seed sandmat
Elaeagnus angustifolia
Shepherdia argentea
Shepherdia canadensis
Equisetum arvense
Equisetum hyemale
Equisetum laevigatum
Equisetum variegatum
Chamaesyce
glyptosperma
[Euphorbia
glyptosperma]
Elaeagn
Elaeagn
Elaeagn
Equiset
Equiset
Equiset
Equiset
Euphorbi
Pale bulrush
Brittle bladder fern
Soft-stem club-rush
Three-square
[Three-square
bulrush]
Saltmarsh club-rush
Hard-stem club-rush
Common spike-rush
Few-flower spike-rush
Common fox sedge
Elliptic spike-rush
Common Name
Woodsia oregana var.
oregana
Species Name
[synonyms]
Carex vulpinoidea
Eleocharis elliptica
[E. tenuis var. borealis]
Eleocharis palustris
Eleocharis quinqueflora
[E. pauciflora]
Schoenoplectus acutus
var. occidentalis
[Scirpus acutus]
Schoenoplectus
maritimus
[Scirpus maritimus,
Bolboschoenus
maritimus var.
paludosus]
Schoenoplectus
pungens var.
polyphyllus
[Scirpus pungens var.
polyphyllus]
Schoenoplectus
tabernaemontani
[Scirpus validus]
Scirpus pallidus
Cystopteris fragilis
Cyper
Dryopterid
[Aspleni]
Dryopterid
[Aspleni]
Cyper
Cyper
Cyper
Cyper
Cyper
Cyper
Family
(__aceae)
Cyper
Cyper
G5
G?
G5
G5
G5
G5T5
G5
G5
G5T4?
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5
Global
rank
G5
G5
N
E
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Native/
exotic
N
N
36
X
O
X
O
X
X
X
X
WY - Big
Horn Co
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
O
X
X
Collins 859 (RM)
Collins 718 (RM)
Heidel 1991 (BICA)
Lichvar 6388 (RM)
Lichvar 5867 (RM)
Lichvar 6353 (RM)
Lichvar 5865 (RM)
Heidel 2102 (RM)
O
X
O
X
Fertig 19447 (RM)
Lichvar 6421 (RM)
Lichvar 5959 (RM)
Collins 902 (RM)
X
X
O
X
Nelson 7033 (RM)
O
Nelson 5457 (RM)
Heidel 1717
(MONTU)
Nelson 7032 (RM)
Lichvar 6119 (RM)
Heidel 2006 (RM)
Sample Voucher
Heidel 1979 (RM)
X
O
MT- Big
Horn Co
X
X
O
X
X
MTCarbon Co
1983
1981
1983
1983
1983
1983
1982
2001
1983
1983
1983
1983
1980
2001
1980
1980
1998
Year first
collected
1983
2001
Earlier specimens
misidentified as W.
scopulina
Specimen
immature
Comments
Warty spurge
Cushion milkvetch
Two-groove milkvetch
Euphorbia spathulata
Astragalus aretioides
[A. serioleucus var.
aretioides]
Astragalus bisulcatus
var. bisulcatus
Astragalus canadensis
var. canadensis
Astragalus ceramicus
var. filifolius
Astragalus
chamaeleuce
Astragalus cibarius
Astragalus cicer
Euphorbi
Fab
Fab
Fab
Fab
Fab
Fab
Fab
Euphorbi
Euphorbi
Euphorbi
Browse milkvetch
Chickpea milkvetch
Cicada milkvetch
Painted milkvetch
Canadian milkvetch
Wolf's-milk
[Leafy spurge]
Horned spurge
Thyme-leaf sandmat
Prairie sandmat
Common Name
Species Name
[synonyms]
Chamaesyce missurica
var. petaloidea
[Euphorbia missurica
var. petaloidea]
Chamaesyce
serpyllifolia
[Euphorbia serpyllifolia]
Euphorbia brachycera
var. robusta
[E. robusta]
Euphorbia esula var.
uralensis
Family
(__aceae)
Euphorbi
G4
G?
G5T?
G4T4
G5T4?
G5T5
G5
G4
G5T?
G5
G5
Global
rank
G5
N
E
N
N
N
N
N
N
E
N
N
Native/
exotic
N
37
X
X
X
WY - Big
Horn Co
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Heidel 1930 (BICA)
Heidel 1936 (BICA)
Lichvar 5600 (RM)
Lichvar 6184 (RM)
Messerschmidt
103-(BICA)
Heidel 2042 (RM)
O
1999
1999
1983
1983
2001
1981
2001
1998
Heidel 2047 (RM)
Heidel 2135 (RM)
1983
X
Fertig 19427 (RM)
2001
Year first
collected
1984
1983
X
X
Heidel 2014 (RM)
Jones, Ditolla, and
Myers s.n. (BICA)
Sample Voucher
O
X
X
O
MT- Big
Horn Co
X
MTCarbon Co
O
Previously
reported, but no
voucher
specimens located
for corroboration.
First observed in
BCNRA by Heidel
in 1998; voucher
collected in
2001.Booth
specimen at
MONT was
probably collected
outside BCNRA.
Noxious weed in
MT and WY.
Reliably reported
for BCNRA by
Lichvar et al.
(1985) and Knight
et al. (1987), but
exact locations not
known.
Comments
Slender milkvetch
Summer milkvetch
Laxmann's milkvetch
[Standing milkvetch]
Astragalus geyeri
Astragalus gilviflorus
var. gilviflorus
Astragalus gracilis
Astragalus hyalinus
Astragalus laxmannii
var. robustior
[A. adsurgens var.
robustior]
Astragalus lotiflorus
Astragalus miser var
decumbens
Astragalus
missouriensis var.
missouriensis
Astragalus oreganus
Astragalus purshii var.
purshii
Astragalus shortianus
Fab
Fab
Fab
Fab
Caragana arborescens
Dalea candida var
oligophylla
[Petalostemon
occidentale]
Dalea purpurea
[Petalostemon
purpureum]
Glycyrrhiza lepidota
var. glutinosa
Fab
Fab
Fab
Fab
Astragalus spatulatus
Fab
Fab
Fab
Fab
Fab
Fab
Fab
Fab
Fab
American licorice
Violet prairie-clover
White prairie-clover
Tufted milkvetch
[Spoonleaf milkvetch]
Siberian peashrub
Short's milkvetch
Oregon milkvetch
Pursh's milkvetch
Missouri milkvetch
Lotus milkvetch
Timber milkvetch
Drummond's
milkvetch
Geyer's milkvetch
Plains milkvetch
Ground-plum
Common Name
Species Name
[synonyms]
Astragalus
crassicarpus var.
paysonii
Astragalus drummondii
Family
(__aceae)
Fab
G5
G5
G5T?
G?
G5
G4
G4?
G5T5
G5T?
G5
G5T4?
G5T5
G4
G5
G4?
G5T?
G5
Global
rank
G5T5
N
N
N
E
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Native/
exotic
N
38
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
O
Collins 547 (RM)
O
Nelson 5075 (RM)
Lichvar 6923 (RM)
Wolf 136 (BICA)
Wolf 110 (BICA)
Lichvar 5579 (RM)
Lichvar 5595 (RM)
Lichvar 5568
(BICA)
Lichvar 6006 (RM)
Fertig 19433 (RM)
Lichvar 5979 (RM)
O
Lichvar 5922 (RM)
Jones , Ditolla, and
Myers s.n. (BICA)
Collins 910 (RM)
Fertig 19421 (RM)
Lichvar 5574 (RM)
O
X
X
Lichvar 5658 (RM)
Sample Voucher
Lichvar 5984 (RM)
MT- Big
Horn Co
X
X
MTCarbon Co
X
X
X
X
WY - Big
Horn Co
1979
1983
1982
1982
1983
1983
1983
1983
1976
1983
1983
1983
1976
1984
1984
1983
1983
Year first
collected
1983
Planted as an
ornamental
Lichvar 6006
originally identified
as A. oreganus;
annotated by
Aaron Listen 1993
Cited in Dorn
(1978)
Comments
Pediomelum
esculentum [Psoralea
esculenta]
Psoralidium
lanceolatum
[Psoralea lanceolata]
Psoralidium tenuiflorum
[Psoralea tenuiflora]
Fab
Fab
Fab
Fab
Fab
Fab
Fab
Fab
Fab
Fab
Fab
Fab
Fab
Fab
Fab
Fab
Species Name
[synonyms]
Hedysarum boreale
var. boreale
Lupinus argenteus var.
argenteus
Lupinus pusillus var.
intermontanus
Lupinus wyethii var.
wyethii
[L. polyphyllus var.
humicola]
Medicago lupulina
Medicago sativa
Melilotus albus
[included in M.
officinalis by Kartesz]
Melilotus officinalis
Oxytropis besseyi var.
fallax
Oxytropis besseyi var.
ventosa
Oxytropis campestris
var. spicata
[Oxytropis campestris
var. gracilis]
Oxytropis lagopus var.
atropurpurea
Oxytropis sericea var.
speciosa
[Oxytropis sericea var.
spicata]
Pediomelum
argophyllum
Family
(__aceae)
Fab
Slender-flower
lemonweed
[Slender-flower
scurfpea]
Wild lemonweed
[Lemon scurfpea]
Large Indianbreadroot
Silver-leaf Indianbreadroot
Rocky Mountain
locoweed
Hare-foot locoweed
Northern yellow
locoweed
Bessey's locoweed
Yellow sweet-clover
Bessey's locoweed
Black medick
Alfalfa
White sweet-clover
Wyeth's lupine
Rusty lupine
Silver-stem lupine
Boreal sweet-vetch
Common Name
G5
G5
G5
G5
G4G5
T4T5
G5T?
G5T5
G5T3?
G?
G5T3
G?
G?T?
G?
G5T4
G5?T?
G5T5
Global
rank
G5T?
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
E
N
E
E
E
N
N
N
Native/
exotic
N
39
X
X
X
X
O
X
O
X
WY - Big
Horn Co
Lichvar 5991 (RM)
Despain 16 (RM)
O
X
X
Jones, Ditolla,
Myers s.n. (BICA)
Lichvar 6185 (RM)
Collins 741 (RM)
Heidel 1998
(BICA)
X
X
Lichvar 5661 (RM)
Heidel 2024 (RM)
X
X
Heidel 1718 (RM)
O
Collins 881 (BICA)
Collins 717 (BICA)
Collins 835 (BICA)
O
O
X
X
Heidel 2026
O
Jones, Ditolla, and
Myers s.n. (RM)
Collins 766 (RM)
Lichvar 5985 (RM)
Sample Voucher
MT- Big
Horn Co
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
MTCarbon Co
X
1984
1983
1983
1998
2001
1983
1983
1998
1982
1964
1983
1982
1983
1983
1984
1983
Year first
collected
1983
Earlier reports
based on a
misidentified
specimen
Observed at T6S
R30E S18 by
Heidel
BICA specimen
may be O. sericea
var. spicata
Comments
Trifolium hybridum
Vicia americana var.
minor
Corydalis aurea var.
aurea
Gentiana affinis var.
affinis
Erodium cicutarium
Geranium bicknellii
Fab
Fab
Nama densum var.
parviflorum
Phacelia glandulosa
Hydrophyll
Hydrophyll
Ellisia nyctelea
Hydrophyll
Hydrocharit
Grossulari
Grossulari
Grossulari
Grossulari
Gerani
Gerani
Gerani
Gentian
Geranium viscossimum
var. viscossimum
Ribes americanum
Ribes aureum var.
aureum
Ribes cereum var.
pedicellare
Ribes oxyacanthoides
var. setosum
Egeria densa
[Elodea densa]
Trifolium fragiferum
Fab
Fumari
Species Name
[synonyms]
Sphaerophysa salsula
Thermopsis rhombifolia
var. rhombifolia
Family
(__aceae)
Fab
Fab
Glandular scorpionweed
[Glandular phacelia]
Aunt Lucy
[Waterpod]
Leafy fiddleleaf
Brazilian water-weed
Canadian gooseberry
White squaw currant
Sticky purple crane'sbill
Wild black currant
Golden currant
Red-stem stork's-bill
Northern crane's-bill
Red bladder-vetch
Prairie golden-banner
[Round-leaved
golden-pea]
Strawberry-head
clover
Alsike clover
American purple
vetch
Scrambledeggs
[Goldensmoke]
Pleated gentian
Common Name
G4
G5T5
G5
G5
T4T5
G5
G5T5
G5
G5T?
G5T5?
G?
G5
G5T5
G5T5
G?
G5T5
G?
Global
rank
G?
G5T?
N
N
N
E
N
N
N
N
N
E
N
N
N
E
N
E
Native/
exotic
E
N
40
X
X
X
O
WY - Big
Horn Co
X
O
X
X
X
X
X
O
X
X
X
Collins 591(RM)
Lichvar 5649 (RM)
O
O
Jones, Ditolla, and
Myer s.n. (BICA)
Heidel 2053 (RM)
Lichvar 6181 (RM)
Heidel 1937
(MONTU)
Collins 662 (RM)
Lichvar 5632 (RM)
Lichvar 5700 (RM)
Jones, Ditolla, and
Myers s.n. (BICA)
Lichvar 5717 (RM)
Heidel 2099 (RM)
Lichvar 6073 (RM)
Collins 757 (RM)
Lichvar 5918 (RM)
Heidel 2112 (RM)
Nelson 5458 (RM)
Lichvar 5666
(BICA)
Sample Voucher
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
MT- Big
Horn Co
X
MTCarbon Co
X
X
2001
1984
1983
1999
1983
1983
1983
1983
1983
1983
2001
1984
1983
1983
1983
2001
Year first
collected
1980
1983
Previously
reported, but no
voucher
specimens located
for corroboration.
Originally
determined as
Hippuris vulgaris
(Heidel and Fertig
2000)
Previously
reported, but no
voucher
specimens located
for corroboration.
Comments
Rough waterhorehound
American wild mint
Hedeoma hispida
Lycopus asper
Mentha arvensis
Monarda fistulosa var.
menthifolia
Lami
Lami
Lami
Lami
Oswego-tea
Drummond's false
pennyroyal
Rough false
pennyroyal
Hedeoma drummondii
Marsh arrow-grass
Long-style rush
Tuberous rush
Torrey's rush
Seaside arrow-grass
Dagger-leaf rush
Toad rush
Dudley's rush
Joint-leaf rush
Baltic rush
White walnut
Strict blue-eyed grass
Silver-leaf scorpionweed
Ives' scorpion-weed
Thread-leaf scorpionweed
Rocky Mountain iris
Idaho blue-eyed
grass
Common Name
Lami
Juncagin
Junc
Junc
Junc
Juncagin
Junc
Junc
Junc
Junc
Junc
Jugland
Irid
Juncus articulatus
Juncus balticus var.
montanus
Juncus bufonius
Juncus dudleyi
[J. tenuis var. dudleyi]
Juncus ensifolius var.
montanus
Juncus longistylis
Juncus nodosus
Juncus torreyi
Triglochin maritima var.
elata
Triglochin palustris
Iris missouriensis
Sisyrinchium
idahoense var.
occidentale
Sisyrinchium
montanum
Juglans cinerea
Irid
Irid
Hydrophyll
Hydrophyll
Species Name
[synonyms]
Phacelia hastata var.
hastata
Phacelia ivesiana
Phacelia linearis
Family
(__aceae)
Hydrophyll
G5T5
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5T5
G5
G5
G5
G5T5
G5
G5
G5
G5T?
G5
G5
Global
rank
G5T5
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
E
N
N
N
N
N
Native/
exotic
N
41
X
X
X
X
O
X
X
O
X
X
O
WY - Big
Horn Co
X
O
Collins 801 (RM)
Nelson 5063 (RM)
X
O
Heidel 1723
(MONTU)
Jones, Ditolla, and
Myers s.n. (BICA)
Lichvar 6127 (RM)
Heidel 2087b (RM)
Nelson 5073 (RM)
Heidel 1859 (BICA)
Nelson 5072 (RM)
Heidel 2115 (RM)
Lichvar 5879
(BICA)
Nelson 5070 (RM)
Lichvar 6371 (RM)
Nelson 5062 (RM)
O
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Lichvar 6067 (RM)
Lichvar 6068 (RM)
Lichvar 5935 (RM)
Heidel 1817
(MONTU)
X
X
X
Lichvar 5613 (RM)
Lichvar 5690 (RM)
Collins 783 (RM)
Sample Voucher
X
X
MT- Big
Horn Co
X
X
X
O
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
MTCarbon Co
X
1983
1979
1979
1998
1983
1998
1983
2001
1979
1998
1979
1979
1983
2001
1983
1983
1983
1983
1998
1976
1983
Year first
collected
1983
Observed on slope
north of Ok-a-beh
Marina (T6S R31E
S18 SW 1/4) by
Heidel
Planted at an old
homestead
Comments
Hooded skullcap
American germander
Scutellaria galericulata
Teucrium canadense
var. occidentale
Lemma turionifera
[L. minor]
Fritillaria atropurpurea
Lami
Lami
Allium cernuum
Allium geyeri var.
geyeri
Allium textile
Lili
[Alli]
Lili
[Alli]
Lili
[Alli]
Lili
[Asparag]
Lili
[Calochort]
Gunnison's mariposalily
Sego-lily
Rough-fruit fairybells
Calochortus gunnisonii
Calochortus nuttallii
Prosartes trachycarpa
[Disporum
trachycarpum]
Lili
[Calochort]
Lili
[Calochort]
Asparagus officinalis
Geyer's onion
Lilium philadelphicum
var. andinum
Lili
White wild onion
[Textile onion]
Asparagus
Nodding onion
Fritillaria pudica
Spotted missionbells
[Checker lily]
Yellow missionbells
[Yellowbells]
Wood lily
Lili
Lili
Turion duckweed
Lance-leaf sage
Salvia reflexa
Lami
Lemn
Catnip
Common Name
Species Name
[synonyms]
Nepeta cataria
Family
(__aceae)
Lami
G5
G5
G5
G5?
G4G5
T4
G5?
G5
G5
T4T5
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5T4
G?
Global
rank
G?
N
N
N
E
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Native/
exotic
E
42
X
X
X
X
O
WY - Big
Horn Co
X
X
Collins 564 (RM)
Lichvar 6137 (RM)
Heidel 2067 (RM)
X
Jones s.n. (RM)
Fertig 18407 (RM)
X
X
X
Jones, Ditolla, and
Myers s.n. (BICA)
Collins 785 (RM)
O
1983
1981
2001
1982
1982
1983
1984
2001
Heidel 2148 (BICA)
X
1983
2001
1983
1980
2001
Year first
collected
2001
2001
Lichvar 5673 (RM)
Heidel 2125 (RM)
Collins 811 (RM)
Nelson 7019 (RM)
Heidel 2093 (RM)
Sample Voucher
O
X
X
MT- Big
Horn Co
X
X
X
X
X
MTCarbon Co
O
Collins 785 may
be A. textile
Observed in fruit
by Heidel
Previously
reported, but no
voucher
specimens located
for corroboration.
Previously
reported, but no
voucher
specimens located
for corroboration.
Observed by
Suzanne Morstad
at highway turn to
Horseshoe Bend;
too late in season
to collect voucher
Comments
Scarlet globe-mallow
White mulberry
Fragrant white sandverbena
Zigadenus venenosus
var. gramineus
Linum lewisii
Linum rigidum
Mentzelia albicaulis
Mentzelia decapetala
Mentzelia montana
Mentzelia pumila
Malva parviflora
Sphaeralcea coccinea
Morus alba
Abronia elliptica
[A. fragrans var.
elliptica]
Mirabilis linearis
Tripterocalyx
micranthus
[Abronia micrantha]
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
Lili
[Melanthi]
Lin
Lin
Loas
Loas
Loas
Loas
Malv
Malv
Mor
Nyctagin
Nyctagin
Ole
Nyctagin
Lili
[Melanthi]
Lili
[Convallari]
Green ash
Narrow-leaf fouro'clock
Small-flower
sandpuffs
G4G5
Prairie flax
[Blue flax]
Large-flower yellow
flax
White-stem
blazingstar
Gumbo-lily
[Evening-star]
Variegated-bract
blazingstar
Golden blazingstar
[Wyoming stickleaf]
Small-whorl mallow
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5?
G?
G?
G4
G4
G5
G5
G4G5
G5T5
G5
G5
Global
rank
G5T?
Meadow deathcamas
Starry false
Solomon's-seal
[Spikenard]
Mountain
deathcamas
Feathery false
Solomon's-seal
[False spikenard]
Common Name
Species Name
[synonyms]
Maianthemum
racemosum var.
amplexicaule
[Smilacina racemosa]
Maianthemum
stellatum [Smilacina
stellata]
Zigadenus elegans
Family
(__aceae)
Lili
[Convallari]
N
N
N
N
N
E
E
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Native/
exotic
N
43
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
O
WY - Big
Horn Co
X
X
X
X
O
O
X
X
X
X
X
Wolf 113 (BICA)
O
X
Collins 851 (RM)
O
Jones, Ditolla, and
Myers s.n. (BICA)
O
Heidel 2010 (RM)
Lichvar 6063 (RM)
Lichvar 6025 (RM)
Wolf 92 (BICA)
Heidel 1990 (RM)
Heidel 2158 (RM)
X
O
X
T. Peters, s.n.
(BICA)
Jones, Ditolla, and
Myers s.n. (BICA)
Collins 715 (RM)
O
Jones, Ditolla, and
Myers s.n. (BICA)
Welp 7969 (BICA)
Collins 562 (RM)
X
Fertig 19454 (RM)
Lichvar 5940 (RM)
Sample Voucher
MT- Big
Horn Co
X
MTCarbon Co
X
2001
1984
1983
1983
1982
2001
2001
1998
1984
1983
1976
1984
1981
1983
2001
1982
Year first
collected
1983
Planted as an
ornamental
Planted as an
ornamental
Previously
reported, but no
voucher
specimens located
for corroboration.
Lichvar 6165 was
collected outside
of the BCNRA
boundary
Comments
Epilobium ciliatum var.
ciliatum
Epilobium ciliatum var.
glandulosum
Gaura coccinea
Gaura mollis
[G. parviflora]
Oenothera albicaulis
Oenothera caespitosa
var. caespitosa
[O. cespitosa var.
cespitosa]
Oenothera pallida var.
trichocalyx
Oenothera villosa var.
strigosa
[O. depressa]
Corallorhiza maculata
Onagr
Onagr
Onagr
Orchid
Orchid
Orchid
Onagr
Onagr
Onagr
Onagr
Onagr
Onagr
Corallorhiza striata var.
vreelandii
Goodyera oblongifolia
Paiute suncup
Narrowleaf fireweed
Camissonia scapoidea
Chamerion
angustifolium
[Epilobium
angustifolium]
Circaea alpina var.
alpina
Epilobium
brachycarpum
[E. paniculatum]
Onagr
Onagr
Summer coralroot
[Spotted coralroot]
Hooded coralroot
[Striped coralroot]
Green-leaf
rattlesnake-plantain
White-pole eveningprimrose
Hairy eveningprimrose
Scarlet beeblossom
[Scarlet gaura]
Velvetweed
[Small-flower gaura]
White-stem eveningprimrose
Tufted eveningprimrose
Fringed willowherb
Fringed willowherb
Small enchanter'snightshade
Tall annual
willowherb
Yellow sundrops
Green River suncup
Calylophus serrulatus
Camissonia minor
Onagr
Onagr
Onagr
European privet
Common Name
Species Name
[synonyms]
Ligustrum vulgare
Family
(__aceae)
Ole
G5?
G5
T3T5
G5T?
G5T?
G5T?
G5T5
G5
G4G5
G5
G5T5
G5T5
G5
G5T5
G5T?
G5
G5
G4
Global
rank
G?
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Native/
exotic
E
44
X
X
X
O
X
X
WY - Big
Horn Co
X
X
X
X
Lichvar 5965 (RM)
Collins 781 (RM)
Collins 656 (RM)
Lichvar 6396 (RM)
Lichvar 6014 (RM)
X
O
X
Dorn 2635
(MONT?)
Messerschmidt 51
(BICA)
Collins 831 (RM)
Collins 644 (RM)
O
X
Lichvar 6374 (RM)
X
Lichvar 6920 (RM)
Heidel 2150 (RM)
X
X
Lichvar 6899 (RM)
Messerschmidt 104
(BICA)
Lichvar 6367 (RM)
Jones, Ditolla, and
Myers s.n. (BICA)
Lichvar 6061 (RM)
Collins 820 (RM)
Sample Voucher
X
X
X
MT- Big
Horn Co
X
X
X
MTCarbon Co
X
1983
1983
1983
1983
1983
1981
1976
1983
1983
1983
1983
2001
1983
1983
1983
1983
1984
Year first
collected
1981
variety not
determined
Reported by Dorn
(1978)
Previously
reported, but no
voucher
specimens located
for corroboration.
variety not
determined
Planted as an
ornamental
Comments
Clustered broom-rape
Louisiana broom-rape
Naked broom-rape
Subalpine fir
Engelmann spruce
Limber pine
Ponderosa pine
Douglas-fir
Great plantain
Woolly plantain
Orobanche fasciculata
Orobanche ludoviciana
var. ludoviciana
Orobanche uniflora var.
occidentalis
Abies lasiocarpa
Picea engelmannii
Pinus flexilis
Pinus ponderosa
Pseudotsuga menziesii
var. glauca
Plantago major
Plantago patagonica
var. patagonica
Achnatherum
hymenoides
[Oryzopsis
hymenoides]
Orobanch
Orobanch
Orobanch
Pin
Pin
Pin
Pin
Plantagin
Plantagin
Po
Pin
Orchid
Orchid
Indian rice grass
Scentbottle
[White bog orchid]
Lake Huron green
orchid
Alaska rein-orchid
Common Name
Species Name
[synonyms]
Piperia unalascensis
[Habenaria
unalascensis]
Platanthera dilatata
[Habenaria dilitata]
Platanthera huronensis
Family
(__aceae)
Orchid
G5
G5T5
G5
G5T5
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5
G4
G5
G5
Global
rank
G5
N
N
E
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Native/
exotic
N
45
X
X
O
O
X
WY - Big
Horn Co
Peters 99 (BICA)
O
X
Lichvar 6058 (RM)
X
O
Heidel 2113 (RM)
Collins 569 (RM)
O
X
Lichvar 5955 (NY)
Lichvar 5645 (RM)
Heidel 2039 (RM)
Collins 584 (RM)
Jones, Ditolla, and
Myers s.n. (BICA)
Jones, Ditolla, and
Myers s.n. (BICA)
Lichvar 5875 (RM)
Lichvar 6395 (RM)
Sample Voucher
X
X
X
O
MT- Big
Horn Co
O
X
O
X
O
X
X
X
MTCarbon Co
X
1981
1983
2001
1983
1983
1983
2001
1984
1983
1998
1984
1983
1983
Year first
collected
1983
Previously
reported, but no
voucher
specimens located
for corroboration.
Previously
reported, but no
voucher
specimens located
for corroboration.
Reported in plots
by Knight et al.
(1987)
Observed below
new picnic area at
Horseshoe Bend
(T57N R95W S1)
by Heidel
variety not
determined
Formerly included
in Platanthera
[Habenaria]
hyperborea
Comments
Agropyron cristatum
var. cristatum
Agropyron desertorum
[A. cristatum var.
desertorum]
Agrostis exarata
Agrostis scabra
Agrostis stolonifera
[A. alba]
Alopecurus
arundinaceus
Andropogon gerardii
Aristida purpurea var.
fendleriana
[A. fendleriana]
Aristida purpurea var.
longiseta
[A. longiseta]
Beckmannia
syzigachne
Bouteloua curtipendula
Bouteloua gracilis
Bromus carinatus
Bromus ciliatus
Bromus commutatus
Bromus inermis var.
inermis
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Species Name
[synonyms]
Achnatherum
lettermanii
[Stipa lettermanii]
Achnatherum nelsonii
var. dorei
[Stipa nelsonii var.
dorei, S. columbiana,
S. williamsii]
Achnatherum nelsonii
var. nelsonii
[Stipa nelsonii var.
nelsonii]
Aegilops cylindrica
Family
(__aceae)
Po
American slough
grass
Side-oats grama
Blue grama
California brome
Fringed brome
Meadow brome
Smooth brome
Purple three-awn
Big bluestem
Purple three-awn
Creeping foxtail
Spiked bent
Rough bent
Spreading bent
Clustered wheat
grass
Crested wheat grass
Jointed goat grass
Nelson's rice grass
Nelson's rice grass
Letterman's rice
grass
Common Name
G5
G5
G5
G5
G?
G5T?
G5
G5T5?
G5
G5T5
G?
G5
G5
G5
G5T?
G5T5
G?
G5T5
G5T5?
Global
rank
G5
N
N
N
N
E
E
N
N
N
N
E
N
N
E
E
E
E
N
N
Native/
exotic
N
X
O
X
O
46
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
MTCarbon Co
X
O
O
X
WY - Big
Horn Co
X
O
X
X
X
Collins 542 (RM)
O
Collins 888 (RM)
Wolf 21 (BICA)
Lichvar 6169 (RM)
Lichvar 6909 (RM)
Lichvar 6408 (RM)
Messerschmidt 19
(BICA)
Heidel 2012 (RM)
Lichvar 6930 (RM)
Collins 543 (RM)
Heidel 1984 (RM)
Lichvar 6378 (RM)
Knight K-72 (RM)
Lichvar 6896 (RM)
X
X
X
O
X
Lichvar 5882 (RM)
Heidel 1849
(MONTU)
Wolf 124 (BICA)
Heidel 2007 (RM)
X
X
Lichvar 5976 (RM)
Collins 732 (RM)
Sample Voucher
O
MT- Big
Horn Co
1983
1981
1983
1983
1983
1981
2001
1983
1983
1976
1999
1983
1983
1983
1983
1981
1999
2001
1983
Year first
collected
1983
Originally
determined as A.
pratensis
Duplicate
specimen at BICA
is misidentified
Comments
Prairie sand-reed
Water whorl grass
Slender wood-reed
Orchard grass
California wild oat
grass
Poverty wild oat grass
Few-flower wild oat
grass
Cinna latifolia
Dactylis glomerata
Danthonia californica
Danthonia spicata
Danthonia unispicata
Deschampsia
cespitosa
Dichanthelium
acuminatum var.
fasciculatum
[D. acuminatum var.
lanuginosum]
Distichlis spicata
[D. stricta]
Echinochloa muricata
var. microstachya
Elymus canadensis
var. canadensis
Elymus elymoides var.
elymoides
[Sitanion hystrix]
Elymus glaucus
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Bromus tectorum
Calamagrostis stricta
ssp. inexpansa
[C. inexpansa]
Calamovilfa longifolia
Catabrosa aquatica
Po
Po
Rough barnyard
grass
Nodding wild rye
[Canada wild rye]
Western bottle-brush
grass [Bottlebrush
squirreltail]
Blue wild rye
Coastal salt grass
Tapered rosette grass
Tufted hair grass
Cheat grass
Slim-stem reed grass
Japanese brome
Common Name
Species Name
[synonyms]
Bromus japonicus
Family
(__aceae)
Po
G5
G5T5
G5T5
G5T5
G5
G5T5
G5
G5
G5
G?
G5
G5
G5
G5
G?
G5T5
Global
rank
G?
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
E
N
N
N
N
E
N
Native/
exotic
E
Lichvar 6363 (RM)
Collins 684 (RM)
Collins 883 (RM)
X
O
O
O
47
X
Nelson 5069 (RM)
O
X
X
X
O
Nelson 5455 (RM)
O
O
X
Heidel 1720
(MONTU)
Collins 736 (RM)
Collins 795 (RM)
Heidel
1857(MONTU)
Heidel 1921
(MONTU)
Collins 588 (RM)
Heidel 1860
(MONTU)
Heidel 2097 (RM)
Heidel 2046 (RM)
Lichvar 5625 (RM)
Heidel 2002 (RM)
Sample Voucher
X
O
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
MT- Big
Horn Co
O
X
X
O
O
O
X
X
MTCarbon Co
X
WY - Big
Horn Co
1983
1983
1983
1979
1980
1998
1983
2001
2001
1983
1999
1999
1983
1999
1983
2001
Year first
collected
2001
Previously
reported, but no
voucher
specimens located
for corroboration.
Previously
reported, but no
voucher
specimens located
for corroboration;
observed in hills
above Ft. Smith.
Comments
Slender wild rye
Bluebunch fescue
[Idaho fescue]
Sheep fescue
Fowl manna grass
Needle-and-thread
Elymus trachycaulus
var. trachycaulus
[Agropyron
trachycaulum]
Elymus villosus
Elymus virginicus
Eragrostis cilianensis
Festuca arundinacea
Festuca idahoensis
Festuca ovina
Glyceria striata
Hesperostipa comata
var. comata
[Stipa comata var.
comata]
Hordeum jubatum
Hordeum x
caespitosum
Koeleria macrantha
Leersia oryzoides
Leptochloa fusca var.
fascicularis
[L. fascicularis]
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Slender wild rye
Elymus trachycaulus
var. andinus
Po
Hybrid (between Foxtail and Meadow
barley)
Prairie Koeler's grass
[Prairie junegrass]
Rice cut grass
Bearded sprangletop
Fox-tail barley
Hairy wild rye
Virginia wild rye
Stink grass
Tall fescue
Creeping wild rye
[Quackgrass]
Common Name
Species Name
[synonyms]
Elymus repens
[Agropyron repens]
Family
(__aceae)
Po
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5T5
G?
G5
G5
G5
G?
G5
G5T5
G5T5
Global
rank
G5
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
E
N
N
N
E
E
N
N
Native/
exotic
N
48
X
O
X
X
X
X
WY - Big
Horn Co
O
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Lichvar 5896 (RM)
Heidel 2151 (Rm)
Heidel 2123 (RM)
X
O
Messerschmidt 19
(BICA)
Heidel 2094 (RM)
Collins 808 (RM)
Wolf 76 (BICA)
Heidel 2111 (RM)
Lichvar 5986 (RM)
O
X
X
X
X
Heidel 2140 (RM)
Lichvar 6386 (RM)
Heidel 2128 (RM)
Heidel 1993 (RM)
X
Heidel 2061 (RM)
Heidel 1994 (RM)
Sample Voucher
Lichvar 5989 (RM)
X
O
X
MT- Big
Horn Co
X
X
X
MTCarbon Co
X
2001
2001
1983
2001
1981
1983
1982
2001
1983
2001
1983
2001
1999
1983
2001
Year first
collected
2001
Planted and
escaped at
BCNRA
Planted and
escaped at BICA
Noxious weed in
Wyoming.
Previously
reported, but no
voucher
specimens located
for corroboration.
This taxon is
included in E.
trachycaulus var.
trachycaulus by
Kartesz and
Meacham (1999).
Comments
Pullup muhly
Spiked muhly
[Marsh muhly]
Wirestem muhly
Green tussock grass
[Green needlegrass]
Common panic grass
Millet
Western wheat grass
Reed canary grass
Common timothy
Melica subulata
Monroa squarrosa
Muhlenbergia
asperifolia
Muhlenbergia
cuspidata
Muhlenbergia filiformis
Muhlenbergia
glomerata
Muhlenbergia
mexicana
Muhlenbergia
racemosa
Muhlenbergia
richardsonis
Nassella viridula
[Stipa viridula]
Panicum capillare
Panicum miliaceum
Pascopyrum smithii
[Elymus smithii,
Agropyron smithii]
Phalaris arundinacea
Phleum pratense
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Leymus cinereus
[Elymus cinereus]
Po
Matted muhly
Green muhly
Stony-hills muhly
False fescue
[King spike-fescue]
Great Basin lyme
grass [Great Basin
wildrye]
Alaska melic grass
False buffalo grass
Alkali muhly
Common Name
Species Name
[synonyms]
Leucopoa kingii
Family
(__aceae)
Po
G?
G5
G5
G5
G?
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5
G4
G5
G5
G5
G5
Global
rank
G5
E
N
N
N
E
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Native/
exotic
N
49
X
O
X
O
X
WY - Big
Horn Co
O
Heidel 2110 (RM)
X
X
Collins 810 (RM)
X
O
O
X
Collins 706 (RM)
O
Wolf 131 (BICA)
Heidel 1727
(MONTU)
Collins 676 (RM)
X
Heidel 2118 (RM)
Heidel 2104 (RM)
X
X
Heidel 1925
(MONTU)
Heidel 1732
(MONTU)
Lichvar 6917
(BICA)
Collins 773 (RM)
Heidel 2077 (RM)
Heidel 2117 (RM)
Lichvar 6358 (RM)
Collins 579 (RM)
Sample Voucher
X
X
X
X
MT- Big
Horn Co
X
X
X
X
X
X
O
X
X
MTCarbon Co
O
1983
1983
1981
2001
2001
1983
1998
2001
2001
1983
1998
1999
1983
2001
1999
1981
Year first
collected
1983
Duplicate
specimens at
BICA were
misidentified
Observed by
Heidel at first
pullout on west
side of highway in
BCNRA. Plants
probably not
established.
A native species,
but also cultivated
at BCNRA
Original reports
based on a
misidentified
specimen
Originally
identified as M.
racemosa
Comments
Curly blue grass
[Canby bluegrass]
Curly blue grass
[Sandberg bluegrass]
Annual rabbit's-foot
grass
Bluebunch
wheatgrass
Poa arida
Poa bulbosa
Poa compressa
Poa cusickii var. pallida
[P. cusickii var. cusickii]
Poa fendleriana
Poa juncifolia var.
ampla
Poa nemoralis ssp.
Interior
[Poa interior]
Poa palustris
Poa pratensis
Poa secunda var.
elongata
[Poa scabrella]
Poa secunda var.
secunda
[Poa sandbergii]
Polypogon
monspeliensis
Pseudoroegneria
spicata
[Elymus spicatus,
Agropyron spicatum]
Puccinellia nuttalliana
Schedonnardus
paniculatus
Schizachyrium
scoparium
[Andropogon
scoparius]
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Po
Little false bluestem
Nuttall's alkali grass
Tumble grass
Fowl blue grass
Kentucky blue grass
Forest blue grass
[Interior bluegrass]
Mutton grass
Curly blue grass
[Big bluegrass]
Prairie blue grass
Bulbous blue grass
Flat-stem blue grass
Cusick's blue grass
Annual blue grass
Common reed
Little-seed mountain
rice grass
Common Name
Species Name
[synonyms]
Phragmites australis
Piptatherum
micranthum
[Oryzopsis micrantha]
Poa annua
Family
(__aceae)
Po
Po
G5
G5
G5
G5
G?
G5
G5
G5
G?
G5T?
G5
G5
G5
G?
G?
G5T?
G5
Global
rank
G5
G5
N
N
N
N
E
N
N
N
E
N
N
N
N
E
E
N
E
Native/
exotic
N
N
50
O
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
O
O
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
MTCarbon Co
O
WY - Big
Horn Co
X
X
O
X
X
X
X
X
O
X
X
MT- Big
Horn Co
X
X
Lichvar 6894 (RM)
Heidel 1982 (RM)
Heidel 2062 (RM)
Peters 101 BICA
Nelson 5071 (RM)
Jones, Ditolla, and
Myers s.n. (BICA)
Lichvar 5712 (RM)
Messerschmidt 2
(BICA)
Jones, Ditolla, and
Myers s.n. (BICA)
Lichvar 6173 (RM)
Collins 678 (RM)
Heidel 2016
Heidel 1850
(MONTU)
Lichvar 6914 (RM)
Lichvar 5576 (RM)
Collins 884 (RM)
Lichvar 5575 (RM)
Nelson 5083 (RM)
Collins 731 (RM)
Sample Voucher
1983
2001
1998
1981
1979
1984
1984
1983
1981
1983
1983
2001
1983
1983
1983
1983
1999
Year first
collected
1979
1983
Included in Poa
secunda by
Kartesz and
Meacham 1999)
Included in Poa
secunda by
Kartesz and
Meacham 1999)
Included in Poa
secunda by
Kartesz and
Meacham 1999)
Comments
Freshwater cord
grass
Slender wedgescale
Spartina pectinata
Sphenopholis
intermedia
[S. obtusata var. major]
Sphenopholis obtusata
var. obtusata
Sporobolus airoides
Sporobolus
cryptandrus
Thinopyrum ponticum
[Elymus elongatus,
Agropyron elongatum]
Vulpia octoflora
[Festuca octoflora]
Collomia linearis
Gilia leptomeria
[Aliciella leptomeria]
Ipomopsis pumila
Ipomopsis spicata var.
orchidacea
Ipomopsis spicata var.
spicata
Leptodactylon
caespitosum
[Linanthus
caespitosum]
Po
Po
Po
Polemoni
Polemoni
Polemoni
Polemoni
Polemoni
Polemoni
Po
Po
Po
Eight-flower sixweeks grass
[Sixweeks fescue]
Narrow-leaf
mountain-trumpet
[Narrowleaf collomia]
Sand gily-flower
[Great Basin gilia]
Low skyrocket
[Dwarf gilia]
Spiked skyrocket
[Spicate gilia]
Spiked skyrocket
[Spicate gilia]
Matted prickly-phlox
Eurasian quackgrass
Alkali-sacaton
Sand dropseed
Slender wedgescale
Alkali cord grass
Spartina gracilis
Po
Po
Green bristle grass
Common Name
Species Name
[synonyms]
Setaria viridis
Family
(__aceae)
Po
G4?
T4?
G3G4
G4?T?
G4
G5
G5
G5
G?
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5
Global
rank
G?
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
E
N
N
N
N
N
N
Native/
exotic
E
51
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
WY - Big
Horn Co
X
X
O
X
X
O
Heidel 2049 (RM)
X
Lichvar 6001 (RM)
Lichvar 6040 (RM)
Jones, Ditolla, and
Myers s.n. (BICA)
Heidel 2029 (RM)
Dorn 2631 (MONT)
Collins 579 (RM)
Heidel 2056 (RM)
X
X
Nelson 5454 (RM)
Collins 699 (RM)
Heidel 2156 (RM)
X
X
Lichvar 6378 (RM)
Heidel 1726
(MONTU)
Heidel 2157 (RM)
Heidel 2080 (RM)
Sample Voucher
X
X
MT- Big
Horn Co
O
X
X
X
X
X
MTCarbon Co
O
1983
1976
2001
1984
1976
2001
1983
2001
1980
1983
2001
1983
2001
1998
Year first
collected
2001
Previously
reported, but no
voucher
specimens located
for corroboration.
Previously
reported, but no
voucher
specimens located
for corroboration.
Previously
reported, but no
voucher
specimens located
for corroboration.
Comments
Phlox hoodii var.
muscoides
[P. muscoides, P.
bryoides]
Eriogonum annuum
Eriogonum cernuum
Eriogonum flavum var.
flavum
Eriogonum lagopus
[E. brevicaule var.
canum]
Eriogonum ovalifolium
var. ochroleucum
Eriogonum ovalifolium
var. purpureum
Eriogonum pauciflorum
var. pauciflorum
Eriogonum umbellatum
var. majus
Polygonum amphibium
var. emersum
Polygonum aviculare
Polygonum
lapathifolium
Rumex crispus
Rumex maritimus var.
fueginus
Rumex salicifolius var.
mexicanus
[R. salicifolius var.
triangulivalvis]
Rumex venosus
Polemoni
Polygon
Polygon
Polygon
Polygon
Polygon
Polygon
Polygon
Polygon
Polygon
Polygon
Polygon
Polygon
Polygon
Polygon
Polygon
Polemoni
Polemoni
Species Name
[synonyms]
Leptodactylon pungens
[Linanthus pungens]
Linanthus
septentrionalis
[Leptosiphon
septentrionalis]
Phlox hoodii var. hoodii
Family
(__aceae)
Polemoni
Veiny dock
Willow dock
Curly dock
Golden dock
Yard knotweed
Dock-leaf smartweed
Annual wild
buckwheat
Nodding wild
buckwheat
Alpine golden wild
buckwheat
Parasol wild
buckwheat
[Rabbit buckwheat]
Cushion wild
buckwheat
Cushion wild
buckwheat
Few-flower wild
buckwheat
Sulphur-flower wild
buckwheat
Water smartweed
Carpet phlox
[Hood's phlox]
Carpet phlox
[Moss phlox]
Northern deserttrumpet
[Northern
linanthus]
Granite prickly-phlox
Common Name
G5?
G5T5
G?
G5
G?
G5
G5T5
G5T5
G5T4
G5T5
G5T?
G5
T4T5
G3
G5
G5
G5T4
G5T5
G5
Global
rank
G5
N
N
E
N
E
E
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Native/
exotic
N
52
X
O
O
X
O
X
X
X
Lichvar 6356 (RM)
Heidel 1989 (RM)
Wolf s.n. (BICA)
Nelson 5057 (RM)
Collins 689 (RM)
Nelson 5058 (RM)
Jones, Ditolla, and
Myers s.n. (BICA)
Nelson 7024 (RM)
Lichvar 6004 (RM)
Heidel 1851
(MONTU)
Fertig 19445 (RM)
Jones, Ditolla, and
Myers s.n. (BICA)
Jones, Ditolla, and
Myers s.n. (BICA)
Dorn 2772 (RM)
O
X
Lichvar 6359 (RM)
Lichvar 5590 (RM)
Lichvar 5571 (RM)
Jones, Ditolla, and
Myers s.n. (BICA)
Heidel 2020 (BICA)
Sample Voucher
X
X
MT- Big
Horn Co
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
MTCarbon Co
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
WY - Big
Horn Co
X
1983
2001
1982
1979
1983
1979
1980
1984
1983
1983
1999
1976
1983
1984
1983
1983
1983
2001
Year first
collected
1983
BICA specimen is
vegetative
Earlier reports
based on a
misidentified
specimen
Comments
Ranuncul
Ranuncul
Ranuncul
Ranuncul
Primul
[Myrsin]
Pterid
[Adiant]
Pterid
[Adiant]
Pterid
[Adiant]
Primul
Primul
Potamogeton
Anemone multifida
Ceratocephala
testiculata
[Ranunculus
testiculatus]
Smooth cliffbrake
Pellaea glabella ssp.
occidentalis
[P. occidentalis]
Actaea rubra
Anemone cylindrica
Red baneberry
Long-head
thimbleweed
Red windflower
Curve-seed
butterwort
[Hornseed buttercup]
Slender lip fern
Bonneville shootingstar
Dark-throat shootingstar
Fringed yellowloosestrife
Indian's-dream
Sago false pondweed
Leafy pondweed
Slender-leaf false
pondweed
Oregon bitter-root
Little-hogweed
[Common purslane]
Lance-leaf
springbeauty
Miner's lettuce
Common Name
Cheilanthes feei
Aspidotis densa
Potamogeton foliosus
Stuckenia filiformis var.
alpina
[Potamogeton filiformis
var. alpinus]
Stuckenia pectinata
[Potamogeton
pectinatus]
Dodecatheon
conjugens
Dodecatheon
pulchellum
Lysimachia ciliata
Potamogeton
Potamogeton
Portulac
Portulac
Portulac
Species Name
[synonyms]
Claytonia lanceolata
var. lanceolata
Claytonia perfoliata var.
intermontana
[Montia perfoliata]
Lewisia rediviva
Portulaca oleracea
Family
(__aceae)
Portulac
G5
G?
G5
G5
G5T4
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5T5
G5
G?
G5T?
Global
rank
G5T5
N
E
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
E
N
Native/
exotic
N
O
53
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
O
X
X
X
Lichvar 5939 (RM)
Lichvar 5716 (RM)
Collins 663 (RM)
Heidel 2043 (RM)
Lichvar 5945 (RM)
Heidel 1714
(MONTU)
Lichvar 5616 (RM)
Lichvar 6405 (RM)
Lichvar 5567 (RM)
Heidel 1825 (BICA)
Heidel 1981 (RM)
Lichvar 5928 (RM)
Heidel 2134 (BICA)
Lichvar 5690 (RM)
Lichvar 5695 (RM)
Sample Voucher
X
X
X
MT- Big
Horn Co
X
Heidel 2126 (RM)
Collins 792 (RM)
X
X
MTCarbon Co
X
X
WY - Big
Horn Co
1983
1983
1983
1983
1983
1983
1998
1983
1983
1999
2001
2001
1983
1983
2001
1983
Year first
collected
1983
Earlier reports
were not
vouchered for
confirmation.
Species is native
to North America
but introduced in
Montana.
Comments
American
pasqueflower
Alkali buttercup
Lesser yellow water
buttercup
Pennsylvania
buttercup
Cursed buttercup
Tall hairy grooveburr
Woodland grooveburr
Saskatoon serviceberry
Curl-leaf mountainmahogany
Fire-berry hawthorn
Delphinium bicolor var.
bicolor
Pulsatilla patens ssp.
multifida
[Anemone patens var.
multifida]
Ranunculus cymbalaria
Ranunculus gmelinii
Ranunculus
pensylvanicus
Ranunculus sceleratus
var. multifidus
Ranunculus uncinatus
var. uncinatus
Thalictrum dasycarpum
Thalictrum fendleri
Agrimonia gryposepala
Agrimonia striata
Amelanchier alnifolia
var. alnifolia
Cercocarpus ledifolius
var. ledifolius
Crataegus chrysocarpa
[C. columbiana var.
chrysocarpa]
Ranuncul
Ranuncul
Ranuncul
Ranuncul
Ros
Ros
Ros
Ros
Ros
Ranuncul
Ranuncul
Ranuncul
Ranuncul
Ranuncul
Clematis ligusticifolia
Ranuncul
Purple meadow-rue
Fendler's meadowrue
Woodland buttercup
Deciduous traveler'sjoy [Western
virgin's-bower]
Flathead larkspur
Columbian virgin'sbower
Common Name
Species Name
[synonyms]
Clematis columbiana
var. tenuiloba
Family
(__aceae)
Ranuncul
G5T5
G5T5
G5T5
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5T?
G5T5
G5
G5
G5
G4G5
T?
G5T?
G5
Global
rank
G5?
T4?
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Native/
exotic
N
54
X
O
X
X
X
WY - Big
Horn Co
X
O
Collins 541 (RM)
Heidel 2142 (RM)
X
Lichvar 6395 (RM)
Heidel 1924
(MONTU)
Lichvar 5667 (RM)
Collins 873 (RM)
Collins 779 (RM)
X
X
X
X
X
X
Lichvar 6101 (RM)
X
O
Lichvar 6162a (RM)
Heidel 1715
(MONTU)
Nelson 5061 (RM)
Nelson 5060 (RM)
X
X
X
X
X
Collins 581 (RM)
O
Nelson 5074 (RM)
Heidel 2136 (RM)
Sample Voucher
Lichvar 5556 (RM)
O
X
MT- Big
Horn Co
X
X
MTCarbon Co
X
2001
1983
1983
1983
1998
1983
1983
1983
1979
1983
1998
1979
2001
1983
1979
Year first
collected
2001
Observed adjacent
to Ok-a-beh boat
ramp AND IN
Carbon County by
Heidel in 2001.
If varieties are
recognized,
BCNRA material is
var. cymbalaria.
Earlier reports
were from outside
BCNRA.
Earlier record
(Lichvar 6457)
collected outside
of BCNRA
Comments
Potentilla ovina var.
ovina
Potentilla paradoxa
Potentilla pensylvanica
Potentilla rivalis
Prunus americana
Prunus virginiana var.
melanocarpa
Rosa acicularis var.
sayi
[Rosa sayi]
Rosa arkansana
Rosa woodsii
Rubus idaeus var.
strigosus
[R. idaeus var.
aculeatissimus]
Ros
Ros
Ros
Ros
Ros
Ros
Ros
Ros
Ros
Ros
Ros
Ros
Ros
Ros
Ros
Ros
Ros
Ros
Ros
Ros
Ros
Species Name
[synonyms]
Dasiphora fruticosa
var. floribunda
[Potentilla fruticosa,
Pentaphylloides
floribunda]
Fragaria vesca
Fragaria virginiana
Geum aleppicum
Geum macrophyllum
var. perincisum
Geum triflorum var.
triflorum
Kelseya uniflora
Petrophyton
caespitosum
Physocarpus
monogynus
Potentilla arguta
Potentilla gracilis var.
fastigiata
[P. gracilis var. nuttallii,
P. gracilis var. glabrata]
Potentilla norvegica
Family
(__aceae)
Ros
Prairie rose
Woods' rose
Common red
raspberry
Prickly rose
American plum
Choke cherry
Bushy cinquefoil
Pennsylvania
cinquefoil
Brook cinquefoil
Sheep cinquefoil
Norwegian cinquefoil
Tall cinquefoil
Graceful cinquefoil
One-flower kelseya
Rocky Mountain
rockmat
Mountain ninebark
Old-man's-whiskers
Woodland strawberry
Virginia strawberry
Yellow avens
Large-leaf avens
Golden-hardhack
[Shrubby cinquefoil]
Common Name
G5
G5
G5T5
G5T5
G5
G5
G5
G5?
T5?
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5T5
G4G5
G5
G4G5
G5T5?
G5
G5
G5
G5T?
Global
rank
G5
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
E
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Native/
exotic
N
55
O
X
X
X
X
X
O
X
X
X
X
X
X
O
X
X
X
X
X
X
MTCarbon Co
X
X
WY - Big
Horn Co
Lichvar 5915 (RM)
Heidel 2038 (RM)
Wolf 109 (BICA)
Lichvar 6097 (RM)
X
O
X
Fertig 19435 b
(RM)
Collins 746 (RM)
Lichvar 5686 (RM)
Nelson 5066 (RM)
Lichvar 5874 (RM)
X
X
X
Heidel 2145 (RM)
Collins 748 (RM)
X
X
Fertig 19435 a
(RM)
Lichvar 5657 (RM)
Collins 659 (RM)
Dorn 3466 (RM)
Collins 865 (RM)
Collins 573 (RM)
Lichvar 6191 (RM)
Collins 667 (RM)
Lichvar 6168 (RM)
Lichvar 5944 (RM)
Heidel 2086 (RM)
Sample Voucher
X
X
X
X
X
MT- Big
Horn Co
X
2001
1982
1983
1983
1983
1983
1998
1979
1983
1983
1983
2001
1983
1983
1976
1983
1983
1983
1983
1983
1983
Year first
collected
2001
Earlier records
were collected
from the plantings
at the Lovell visitor
center.
Comments
Spiraea betulifolia var.
lucida
Galium aparine var.
echinospermon
Galium boreale
Galium triflorum
Populus alba
Populus angustifolia
Ros
Williams' miterwort
Littleleaf alumroot
Salix drummondiana
Salix exigua var.
exigua
Salix fragilis
Salix lutea
[S. eriocephala var
watsonii]
Comandra umbellata
var. pallida
Conimitella williamsii
Heuchera parvifolia
Santal
Saxifrag
Saxifrag
Salic
Salic
Bastard toadflax
Crack willow
Yellow willow
Drummond's willow
Narrowleaf willow
Quaking aspen
Lanceleaf cottonwood
Peach-leaf willow
Gray willow
Eastern cottonwood
Salic
Salic
Salic
Salic
Salic
Salic
Salic
Populus balsamifera
ssp. trichocarpa
[Populus balsamifera
var. californica]
Populus deltoides ssp.
monolifera
[Populus deltoides var.
deltoides var.
occidentalis]
Populus tremuloides
Populus x acuminata
Salix amygdaloides
Salix bebbiana
Northern bedstraw
Fragrant bedstraw
White poplar
Narrowleaf
cottonwood
Balsam poplar
Western thimbleberry
Shiny-leaf
meadowsweet
Sticky-willy
Common Name
Salic
Rubi
Rubi
Salic
Salic
Rubi
Species Name
[synonyms]
Rubus parviflorus
Family
(__aceae)
Ros
G5
G3?
G5T5
G?
G4G5
G4G5
G5T5
G5
HYB
G5
G5
G5
T4T5
G5T5
G5
G5
G5
G5
G4G5
T?
G5
Global
rank
G5
N
N
N
E
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
E
N
N
N
Native/
exotic
N
56
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
WY - Big
Horn Co
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
O
O
X
O
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
O
X
X
X
Lichvar 5883 (RM)
Collins 661 (RM)
Lichvar 5561 (RM)
Collins 709 (RM)
Heidel 2152 (RM)
Lichvar 5961 (RM)
Lichvar 5995 (RM)
Nelson 7026 (RM)
Heidel 1709
(MONTU)
Lichvar 5702 (RM)
Nelson 7027 (RM)
Nelson 7025 (RM)
Fertig 19444 (RM)
Lichvar 6147 (RM)
Lichvar 6098 (RM)
Lichvar 6046 (RM)
Lichvar 5876 (RM)
Fertig 19446 (RM)
X
X
Heidel 2147 (RM)
Sample Voucher
Collins 763 (RM)
MT- Big
Horn Co
X
X
MTCarbon Co
1983
1983
1983
1983
2001
1983
1980
1983
1982
1980
1983
1980
2001
1983
1983
1983
1983
2001
1983
Year first
collected
2001
Duplicate of
Collins 661 at
BICA was
misidentified as
Mitella
stauropetala
Earlier reports had
been based on
misidentified
specimens
Comments
Sullivantia hapemanii
var. hapemanii
Telesonix
heucheriformis
[Boykinia
heucheriformis]
Parnassia palustris var.
montanensis
Besseya wyomingensis
Castilleja angustifolia
var. angustifolia
Castilleja linariifolia
Saxifrag
Collinsia parviflora
Mimulus guttatus
Orthocarpus luteus
Penstemon aridus
Penstemon eriantherus
var. eriantherus
Penstemon laricifolius
var. laricifolius
Penstemon nitidus var.
nitidus
Penstemon radicosus
Verbascum thapsus
Veronica americana
Veronica anagallisaquatica
Scrophulari
Scrophulari
Scrophulari
Scrophulari
Scrophulari
Scrophulari
Scrophulari
Scrophulari
Scrophulari
Scrophulari
Scrophulari
Scrophulari
Castilleja minor ssp.
minor
[C. exilis]
Castilleja sessiliflora
Scrophulari
Scrophulari
Saxifrag
[Parnassi]
Scrophulari
Scrophulari
Saxifrag
Saxifrag
Species Name
[synonyms]
Lithophragma
parviflorum
Mitella stauropetala
Family
(__aceae)
Saxifrag
Great Plains Indianpaintbrush
Small-flower blueeyed mary
Seep monkey-flower
Golden-tongue owlclover
Stiff-leaf beardtongue
Fuzzy-tongue
beardtongue
Larch-leaf
beardtongue
Waxy-leaf
beardtongue
Mat-root beardtongue
Great mullein
American brooklime
Blue water speedwell
Alkali Indianpaintbrush
Marsh Grass-ofParnassus
Wyoming coraldrops
Northwestern Indianpaintbrush
Wyoming Indianpaintbrush
False saxifrage
Hapeman's coolwort
Side-flower Bishop'scap
Prairie woodlandstar
Common Name
G5
G?
G5
G5
G4
T3T4
G5T?
G5?
G4T4
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5
N
E
N
E
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
G5
G5T?
G5
N
N
N
N
Native/
exotic
N
G5T?
G4
G3T3
G5
Global
rank
G5
57
X
O
X
X
O
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
MTCarbon Co
X
X
X
WY - Big
Horn Co
X
X
X
X
X
X
O
Messerschmidt s.n.
(BICA)
Lichvar 5987 (RM)
Heidel 2107 (RM)
Collins 745 (RM)
Nelson 5059 (RM)
Lichvar 6170 (RM)
Jones, Ditolla, and
Myers s.n. (BICA)
Lichvar 5951 (RM)
Dorn 2554
(MONT?)
Lichvar 6197 (RM)
Jones, Ditolla, and
Myers s.n. (BICA)
Collins 583 (RM)
Heidel 2130 (RM)
Lichvar 5660 (RM)
Lichvar 5557 (RM)
O
O
Heidel 2087 (RM)
Lichvar 5930 (RM)
Lichvar 5871 (RM)
Collins 661 (BICA)
Lichvar 5560 (RM)
Sample Voucher
X
X
O
MT- Big
Horn Co
1983
1983
1983
1979
1981
1983
1983
1976
1983
1984
1983
1984
2001
1983
1983
1982
1983
1983
1976
1983
Year first
collected
1983
Reported by Dorn
(1978)
Observed by
Heidel in Big Horn
Co., MT in 2001.
Duplicate of
Collins 661 at RM
was identified as
Conimitella
williamsii
Comments
Broad-leaf cat-tail
Siberian elm
Common hackberry
Pennsylvania pellitory
Stinging nettle
Physalis longifolia
Solanum dulcamara
Solanum triflorum
Tamarix chinensis
Typha angustifolia
Typha latifolia
Ulmus pumila
Celtis occidentalis
Parietaria pensylvanica
Urtica dioica ssp.
gracilis
[U. d. var. procera]
Valeriana dioica var.
sylvatica
Verbena bracteata
Verbena hastata
Viola adunca
Viola canadensis
Viola nuttallii
Viola palustris
Viola vallicola
Arceuthobium
cyanocarpum
Vitis riparia
Zannichellia palustris
Tribulus terrestris
Solan
Solan
Solan
Tamaric
Typh
Typh
Ulm
Ulm
[Celtid]
Urtic
Urtic
Vit
Zannichelli
Zygophyll
Verben
Verben
Viol
Viol
Viol
Viol
Viol
Visc
Valerian
Solan
Solan
Selaginell
Smilac
[Lili]
Carpet vervain
Simpler's-joy
Hook-spur violet
Canadian white violet
Yellow prairie violet
Alpine marsh violet
Valley violet
Limber pine dwarfmistletoe
River-bank grape
Horned pondweed
Puncturevine
Marsh valerian
Matrimony-vine
Clammy groundcherry
Long-leaf groundcherry
Climbing nightshade
Cut-leaved
nightshade
Five-stamen tamarisk
[Salt-cedar]
Narrow-leaf cat-tail
Dense spike-moss
Blue Ridge carrionflower
Neckweed
Common Name
Species Name
[synonyms]
Veronica peregrina var.
xalapensis
Selaginella densa
Smilax lasioneura
[S. herbacea var.
lasioneuron]
Lycium barbarum
Physalis heterophylla
Family
(__aceae)
Scrophulari
G5
G5
G?
G5
T4T5
G4G5
G5
G5
G5
G5
G5
G4Q
G4
G5
G5T5
G5
G5
G?
G5
G?
G?
G5
G5
G?
G5
G5
G5
Global
rank
G5T5
N
N
E
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
E
N
E
E
N
N
E
N
N
N
Native/
exotic
N
58
X
X
X
X
X
X
O
X
X
X
O
X
X
X
X
O
X
O
X
X
X
X
O
O
Collins 742 (RM)
Heidel 2078 (RM)
Heidel 2073 (RM)
Lichvar 6026 (RM)
Wolf 122 (BICA)
Lichvar 5901 (RM)
Collins 762 (RM)
Lichvar 6186 (RM)
Heidel 1826 (BICA)
Lichvar 5558 (RM)
Heidel 2068 (RM)
Collins 670 (RM)
Collins 634 (RM)
Heidel 2091 (BICA)
Lichvar 6066 (RM)
Nelson 7035 (RM)
Knight K-12 (RM)
O
O
X
X
M. L. Roberts 4631
(RM)
Dorn 7086 (RM)
O
Heidel 2075 (RM)
Lichvar 6130 (RM)
Heidel 2083 (RM)
X
X
X
X
X
X
O
X
X
X
Heidel 2009 (RM)
Collins 830 (RM)
Lichvar 5656 (RM)
Lichvar 6146 (RM)
Lichvar 6157 (RM)
Sample Voucher
X
X
X
O
O
X
MT- Big
Horn Co
O
MTCarbon Co
X
X
X
WY - Big
Horn Co
1983
2001
2001
1982
1982
1983
1983
1983
1999
1983
2001
1983
1983
1983
1983
1980
1983
1996
1976
1983
2001
2001
2001
1983
1983
1983
Year first
collected
1983
Planted as an
ornamental
Planted as an
ornamental
Noxious weed in
WY.
Some early
reports were from
Lovell visitors
center
Comments
Appendix B.
Rejected Taxa
The following vascular plant species have been reported from Bighorn Canyon National Recreation
Area based on collections at the RM and BICA herbaria and reports from Lichvar et al. (1985),
Knight et al. (1987), Akashi (1988), and Heidel and Fertig (2000), but are now known to be either
misidentified or collected outside the NRA. The list does not include species that are known by a
different synonym (synonyms are listed in Appendix A).
Family
(__aceae)
Api
Species Name
Common Name
Comments
Ligusticum filicinum
Fern-leaf wild lovage
Api
Ligusticum porteri
Porter's wild lovage
Api
Lomatium cous
Cous-root desert-parsley
Ast
Ast
Antennaria media
[A. alpina var. media]
Antennaria parvifolia
Rocky Mountain pussytoes
[Alpine pussytoes]
Little-leaf pussytoes
Ast
Arnica rydbergii
Subalpine leopardbane
Ast
Artemisia annua
Annual wormwood
Ast
Chrysothamnus
viscidiflorus var. latifolius
Green rabbitbrush
Ast
Erigeron compositus var.
discoideus
Dwarf mountain fleabane
[Cutleaf fleabane]
Ast
Erigeron linearis
Desert yellow fleabane
Ast
Erigeron speciosus
Aspen fleabane
Ast
Helianthella quinquenervis
Nodding dwarf-sunflower
Ast
Hieracium cynoglossoides
Hound-tongue hawkweed
Ast
Malacothrix torreyi
Torrey's desert-dandelion
Ast
Packera plattensis
[Senecio plattensis]
Packera subnuda
[Senecio cymbalarioides,
included in Packera
streptanthifolia by Kartesz
and Meacham 1999)
Solidago simplex var. nana
[S. spathulata var. nana]
Symphyotrichum falcatum
[Aster falcatus, variety not
indicated]
Symphyotrichum foliaceum
var. parryi
[Aster foliaceus var. parryi]
Tetradymia spinosa
Prairie groundsel
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimen
misidentified.
Historical collection by Booth cited in Lichvar
et al. (1985), but specimen misidentified.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimen
from outside BCNRA.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimen
from outside BCNRA.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimen
misidentified (A. rosea)
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimen
misidentified (A. fulgens).
Report in Heidel and Fertig (2000) based on a
misidentified specimen.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but this variety
does not occur in Montana or Wyoming. This
name may have been misapplied to
specimens of C. linifolius.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but all labeled
specimens are E. allocotus. An additional
unlabled Lichvar collection cannot be reliably
placed within BCNRA.
Reported from a plot by Knight et al. (1987),
but voucher is misidentified.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimen
misidentified.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimen
from outside BCNRA.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimen
misidentified.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimen
misidentified.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimen
misidentified.
Report in Heidel and Fertig (2000) based on
misidentified specimen.
Cirsium eatonii
[C. tweedyi]
Eaton's thistle
Ast
Ast
Ast
Ast
Ast
Aster
Rocky Mountain groundsel
Mt. Albert goldenrod
Rough white prairie
American aster
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimen
from outside BCNRA.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimen
probably misidentified (Aster ericoides)
Alpine leafy-head American
aster
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but no voucher
specimen has been
Short-spine horsebrush
Report in Heidel and Fertig (2000) based on
an observation by Heidel just outside BCNRA
boundaries in 1999.
Earlier reports were based on specimens
collected outside of BCNRA.
Family
(__aceae)
Boragin
Species Name
Common Name
Comments
Cryptantha caespitosa
Tufted cat's-eye
Boragin
Mertensia viridis
[included in M. oblongifolia
by Kartesz and Meacham
1999]
Onosmodium molle var
molle
Green bluebells
Brassic
Arabis hirsuta
Hairy rockcress
Brassic
Arabis williamsii var.
saximontana
[A. pendulocarpa var.
saximontana, A.
microphylla var. s.,
Boechera williamsii var. s.]
Draba crassifolia
Wind River rockcress
Report from Knight et al. (1987) is based on
misidentified specimens of C. cana.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimen
probably from outside BCNRA (single voucher
is unlabeled and precise location cannot be
determined).
Reported by Lichvar et al. (1985), but
probably represents var. occidentale. Var.
molle is endemic to the southeastern United
States.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimen
from outside BCNRA.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimen
misidentified (A. holboellii var. pendulocarpa)
Brassic
Smelowskia calycina var.
americana
Fern-leaf false candytuft
Caprifoli
Lonicera utahensis
Caprifoli
[Adox]
Caryophyll
Sambucus racemosa var.
melanocarpa
Minuartia obtusiloba
[Arenaria obtusiloba]
Chenopodium album
Rocky Mountain
honeysuckle
Red elder
Boragin
Brassic
Chenopodi
Soft-hair marbleseed
Snowbed whitlow-grass
Alpine stitchwort
Lamb's-quarters
Greenmolly
Commelin
Kochia americana
[Bassia americana]
Tradescantia bracteata
Cyp
Carex canescens
Hoary sedge
Cyp
Carex raynoldsii
Raynold's sedge
Cyp
Carex scopulorum
Dryopterid
[Aspleni]
Fab
Polystichum lonchitis
Holm's Rocky Mountain
sedge
Northern holly-fern
Astragaluls bourgovii
Bourgov's milkvetch
Fab
Cytisus scoparius
Scotch broom
Fab
Hedysarum sulphurescens
Yellow sweet-vetch
Fab
Lupinus sericeus
Pursh's silky lupine
Fab
Bessey's locoweed
Hippurid
Oxytropis besseyi var.
besseyi
Oxytropis deflexa
(variety not indicated)
Hippuris vulgaris
Irid
Sisyrinchium angustifolium
Junc
Juncus parryi
Narrow-leaf blue-eyed
grass
Parry's rush
Junc
Juncus tenuis var. tenuis
Poverty rush
Lili
[Alli]
Allium brevistylum
Short-stem onion
Chenopodi
Fab
Long-bract spiderwort
Pendant-pod locoweed
Common mare's-tail
60
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimen
misidentified (D. praealta and D. albertina).
Reported by Lichvar et al. (1985), but no
voucher found for corroboration; locality
probably outside of BCNRA.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimen
misidentified.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimen
misidentified (Rhus glabra)
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimen
from outside BCNRA.
Specimen from BCNRA (Wolf 146) is
immature and probably represents C.
berlandieri.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimen
misidentified.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but probably
misidentified (T. occidentalis).
Reported by Heidel and Fertig (2000) based
on a misidentification.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimen
from outside BCNRA.
Mistakenly reported in Heidel and Fertig
(2000).
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimen
from outside BCNRA.
Report in Heidel and Fertig (2000) based on
misidentified specimen.
Report from Heidel and Fertig (2000) is based
on a misidentified specimen at BICA.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimen
from outside BCNRA.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimen
misidentified.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimen
misidentified (O. lagopus).
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimen
misidentified.
Report from Heidel and Fertig (2000) based
on a misidentified specimen.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimen
misidentified (S. montanum).
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimen
from outside BCNRA.
Report from Lichvar et al. (1985) is based on
material of J. dudleyi.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimen
from outside BCNRA.
Family
(__aceae)
Onagr
Species Name
Common Name
Comments
Gayophytum ramossimum
Pinyon groundsmoke
Pa
Alopecurus pratensis
Field meadow-foxtail
Po
Calamagrostis
purpurascens
Echinochloa crus-galli
Purple reed grass
Elymus scribneri
[Agopyron scribneri]
Poa alpina
Scribner's wildrye
Prairie bluegrass
Po
Poa glaucifolia
[included in Poa arida by
Kartesz and Meacham,
1999)
Trisetum spicatum
Report from Heidel and Fertig (2000) based
on a misidentified specimen.
Report from Heidel and Fertig (2000) based
on a misidentified specimen.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimen
from outside BCNRA.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimen
probably misidentified (E. muricata).
Report from Heidel and Fertig (2000) based
on a misidentified specimen.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimen
from outside BCNRA.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimen
misidentified.
Polemoni
Phlox multiflora
Narrow false oat
[Spike trisetum]
Rocky Mountain phlox
Polemoni
Polemonium viscosum
Sticky Jacob's-ladder
Polygon
Eriogonum mancum
Polygon
Polygon
Eriogonum ovalifolium var
ovalifolium
Polygonum achoreum
Imperfect wild buckwheat
[Mancos wild buckwheat]
Cushion wild bukwheat
Polygon
Polygonum bistortoides
American bistort
Ranuncul
Ranunculus macounii
Macoun's buttercup
Ranuncul
Thalictrum occidentale
Western meadow-rue
Ros
Ivesia gordonii
Alpine mousetail
Ros
Physocarpus malvaceus
Mallow-leaf ninebark
Ros
Potentilla biennis
Biennial cinquefoil
Ros
Ros
Potentilla diversifolia var.
diversifolia
Potentilla fissa
Mountain meadow
cinquefoil
Big-flower cinquefoil
Salic
Salix boothii
Booth's willow
Salic
Salix monticola
Park willow
Saxifrag
Saxifraga rhomboidea
Diamond-leaf saxifrage
Scrophulari
Wavy-leaf Indianpaintbrush
Scrophulari
Castilleja angustifolia var.
dubia
[C. chromosa. C.
applegatei var. martinii in
Kartesz and Meacham,
1999]
Castilleja miniata
Scrophulari
Castilleja pulchella
Showy Indian-paintbrush
Scrophulari
Pedicularis cystopteridifolia
Fern-leaf lousewort
Scrophulari
Penstemon caryi
Cary's beardtongue
Scrophulari
Penstemon humilis
Low beardtongue
Po
Po
Po
Po
Large barnyard grass
Alpine bluegrass
Leathery knotweed
Great red Indian-paintbrush
61
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimens
either misidentified or from outside BCNRA.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimens
from outside BCNRA.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimens
from outside BCNRA.
Report from Heidel and Fertig (2000) based
on a misidentified specimen.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimen
misidentified.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimen
misidentified.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimens
from outside BCNRA.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimens
from outside BCNRA.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimen
misidentified.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimens
from outside BCNRA.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimen
misidentified.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimens
from outside BCNRA.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimens
from outside BCNRA.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimen
misidentified (P. paradoxa)
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimen
misidentified (S. bebbiana)
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimen
misidentified (S. bebbiana)
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimens
from outside BCNRA.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimen
misidentified.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimens
from outside BCNRA.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimens
from outside BCNRA.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimens
from outside BCNRA.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimens
from outside BCNRA.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimen
misidentified.
Family
(__aceae)
Scrophulari
Valerian
Species Name
Common Name
Comments
Penstemon procerus
[P. confertus var. procerus]
Valeriana edulis
Pincushion beardtongue
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimens
from outside BCNRA.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but specimens
from outside BCNRA.
Tobacco-root
62
Appendix C.
Unconfirmed Taxa
The following vascular plant species have been reported from Bighorn Canyon National Recreation
Area based on reports from Lichvar et al. (1985), Knight et al. (1987), Akashi (1988), and Heidel
and Fertig (2000), but these reports cannot be confirmed due to a lack of authenticated voucher
material at the RM or BICA herbaria. None of these species could be relocated during field surveys
of BCNRA in 2001.
Family
(__aceae)
Api
Species Name
Common Name
Comments
Lomatium simplex var.
simplex
[L. triternatum ssp.
platycarpum]
Antennaria racemosa
Great Basin desert-parsley
Tundra mountaincrown
[Hayden's alpine aster]
Aster
Oreostemma alpigena var.
haydenii
[Aster alpigenus]
Picradeniopsis oppositifolia
Opposite-leaf false-bahia
Aster
Senecio serra var. serra
Tall ragwort
Aster
Symphyotrichum
ascendens
[Aster ascendens, A.
chilensis var. ascendens]
Symphyotrichum foliaceum
var. parryi
[Aster foliaceus var. parryi]
Western American aster
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but no
voucher specimens found for
corroboration and not recorded in 2001
survey
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but no
voucher specimens found for
corroboration and not recorded in 2001
survey
Reported by Heidel in Heidel and Fertig
(2000), but population could not be
relocated in 2001 survey for verification.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985) and reported
from Barry's Landing in Lichvar's 1983
field notes. No voucher has been found
and this population was not relocated in
2001 survey.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but no
voucher specimens found for
corroboration and not recorded in 2001
survey
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but no
voucher specimens found for
corroboration and not recorded in 2001
survey
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but no
voucher specimens found for
corroboration and not recorded in 2001
survey.
Lichvar (5907) is an unlabeled specimen
of this taxon that may be within BCNRA
(exact location cannot be determined and
Lichvar's original field book has been lost).
Reported by Dorn (1978), but specimen
and presence within BCNRA cannot be
verified. Other reports are based on
misidentifications.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but no
voucher specimens found for
corroboration and not recorded in 2001
survey. Considered a noxious weed in
Montana.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but no
voucher specimens found for
corroboration and not recorded in 2001
survey.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but no
voucher specimens found for
corroboration and not recorded in 2001
survey.
Reported by Lichvar et al. (1985) from the
north end of BCNRA, but no voucher has
been located for corroboration.
Aster
Aster
Aster
Hooker's pussytoes
Alpine leafy-head American
aster
Tetraneuris acaulis var.
caespitosa
[Hymenoxys acaulis var.
caespitosa]
Arabis lignifera
[Boechera lignifera]
Stemless four-nerve daisy
Brassic
Cardaria chalepensis
Lens-pod hoary-cress
Brassic
Draba nemorosa
Woodland whitlow-grass
Brassic
Sisymbrium loeselii
False London rocket
Campanul
Triodanis leptocarpa
Slim-pod Venus'-lookingglass
Aster
Brassic
Owens Valley rockcress
63
Family
(__aceae)
Campanul
Species Name
Common Name
Comments
Triodanis perfoliata
Clasping-leaf Venus'looking-glass
Caryophyll
Silene latifolia ssp. alba
[Lychnis alba]
Bladder-campion
Cyp
Carex utriculata
[C. rostrata]
Northwest Territories sedge
[Beaked sedge]
Euphorbi
Euphorbia cyparissias
Cypress spurge
Fab
Amorpha canescens
Leadplant
Fab
Astragalus kentrophyta
(variety not indicated)
Trifolium pratense
Spiny milkvetch
Gentian
Frasera speciosa
[Swertia radiata]
Monument-plant
gentian]
Junc
Juncus compressus
Round-fruit rush
Junc
Juncus regelii
Regel's rush
Lami
Stachys palustris
Woundwort
[Swamp hedge-nettle]
Lentibulari
Utricularia macrorhiza
[U. vulgaris, U. major]
Greater bladderwort
Lili
[Antheric]
Leucocrinum montanum
Star-lily
Onagr
Camissonia andina
Blackfoot River suncup
Orchid
Calypso bulbosa
Fairy-slipper orchid
Po
Elymus lanceolatus var.
riparius
[Agropyron riparium;
included in var. lanceolatus
by Kartesz and Meacham,
1999; ]
Streamside wild rye
Reported by Lichvar et al. (1985) from the
north end of BCNRA, but no voucher has
been located for corroboration.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but no
voucher specimens found for
corroboration and not recorded in 2001
survey.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but no
voucher specimens found for
corroboration and not recorded in 2001
survey.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but no
voucher specimens found for
corroboration and not recorded in 2001
survey.
Mentioned as characteristic of BCNRA
Great Plains flora in Lichvar et al. (1985)
but not cited in checklist and not located in
2001 survey.
Reports by Akashi (1988) cannot be
confirmed with voucher specimens.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985) and Akashi
(1988) but no voucher specimens found
for corroboration and not recorded in 2001
survey.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but no
voucher specimens found for
corroboration and not recorded in 2001
survey.
Reported by Knight et al. (1987), but no
voucher specimen found for confirmation
and not recorded in 2001 survey.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but no
voucher specimens found for
corroboration and not recorded in 2001
survey.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but no
voucher specimens found for
corroboration and not recorded in 2001
survey.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but no
voucher specimens found for
corroboration and not recorded in 2001
survey.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but no
voucher specimens found for
corroboration and not recorded in 2001
survey. Lichvar's 1983 field notes indicate
an observation along one BCNRA's
access roads, but exact location is
unclear.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but no
voucher specimens found for
corroboration and not recorded in 2001
survey.
Mentioned as characteristic of BHCNRA
Rocky Mt flora in Lichvar et al. (1985), but
not cited in checklist and not recorded in
2001 surveys.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but no
voucher specimens found for
corroboration and not recorded in 2001
survey.
Fab
Red clover
64
[Green
Family
(__aceae)
Po
Species Name
Common Name
Comments
Hordeum pusillum
Little barley
Po
x Elyhordeum macounii
[Elymus x macounii]
Gilia pinnatifida
[Aliciella pinnatifida]
Reported by Heidel in Heidel and Fertig
(2000) based on an unvouchered
observation in 1999. Population could not
be relocated for confirmation in 2001.
Possibly observed in BCNRA by Heidel,
but confirmation needed.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but no
voucher specimens found for
corroboration and not recorded in 2001
survey.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but no
voucher specimens found for
corroboration and not recorded in 2001
survey.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but no
voucher specimens found for
corroboration and not recorded in 2001
survey.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but no
voucher specimens found for
corroboration and not recorded in 2001
survey.
Reported in Knight et al. (1987), but no
voucher specimen available for
confirmation.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but no
voucher specimens found for
corroboration and not recorded in 2001
survey.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but no
voucher specimens found for
corroboration and not recorded in 2001
survey.
Reported in Heidel and Fertig (2000)
based on a Booth specimen at MONTU
that remains to be verified. Exact location
of collection needs to be determined.
Unlabeled specimen from Lichvar may be
from vicinity of BCNRA.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but no
voucher specimens found for
corroboration and not recorded in 2001
survey.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but no
voucher specimens found for
corroboration and not recorded in 2001
survey.
Cited by Lichvar et al. (1985), but no
vocuher specimens found for
corroboration. Heidel made a tentative
observation at T8S R29E S27 in 2001.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but no
voucher specimens found for
corroboration and not recorded in 2001
survey.
Cited in Lichvar et al. (1985), but no
voucher specimens found for
corroboration and not recorded in 2001
survey.
Polemoni
Sticky gily-flower
Polemoni
Gilia tweedyi
Tweedy's gily-flower
Polemoni
Polemonium occidentale
Western Jacob's-ladder
Polemoni
Polemonium pulcherrimum
Beautiful Jacob's-ladder
Polygon
Eriogonum caespitosum
Matted wild buckwheat
Pyrol
[Eric]
Orthilia secunda
[Pyrola secunda]
Sidebells
Pyrol
[Eric]
Pyrola asarifolia
Pink wintergreen
Ranuncul
Delphinium geyeri
Geyer's larkspur
Ranuncul
Myosurus apetalus
[M. aristatus]
Argentina anserina
[Potentilla anserina]
Bristly mousetail
Ros
Crataegus douglasii
Black hawthorn
Rubi
Galium trifidum
Three-petal bedstraw
Scrophulari
Mimulus suksdorfii
Miniature monkeyflower
Scrophulari
Penstemon glaber var.
glaber
Western smooth
beardtongue
Ros
Common silverweed
65
Appendix D.
Potential Vascular Plant Flora of Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area
The following list contains species that are known from the vicinity of Bighorn Canyon National
Recreation Area in Montana and Wyoming, but which have not yet been documented in the NRA.
Species are considered of “High” probability of occurrence in the study area if they are globally
common and occur in habitat types that are well-represented within the NRA. Species of
“Medium”probability are less abundant or occur in habitats that are uncommon within the area.
“Low” probability taxa are rare species or occur in habitats that are rare or found just outside the
park’s boundaries. See Appendix A for other codes and definitions.
Family
(__aceae)
Amaranth
Species Name
Common Name
Amaranthus powellii
Green amaranth
Api
Lomatium cous
Api
Lomatium simplex var.
simplex
[L. triternatum ssp.
platycarpum]
Antennaria dimorpha
Aster
Native/
exotic
N
Probability
Comments
High
Cous-root desertparsley
Great Basin desertparsley
N
Low
N
Low
Found in adjacent areas of Big
Horn County, WY
Most likely at higher elevations
in Carbon County.
Potential habitat in foothills of
Pryor Mountains in Carbon
County.
Cushion pussytoes
N
Medium
Aster
Antennaria media
[A. alpina var. media]
Rocky Mountain
pussytoes
[Alpine pussytoes]
N
Low
Aster
Antennaria parvifolia
Little-leaf pussytoes
N
High
Aster
Antennaria racemosa
Hooker's pussytoes
N
Medium
Aster
Arnica mollis
N
Low
Aster
Crepis occidentalis var.
costata
Cordilleran
leopardbane
Large-flower hawk'sbeard
N
Low
Aster
Erigeron compositus
var. discoideus
N
Medium
Aster
Erigeron divergens
Dwarf mountain
fleabane
[Cutleaf fleabane]
Spreading fleabane
N
Medium
Aster
Erigeron engelmannii
Engelmann's
fleabane
N
Medium
Aster
Erigeron peregrinus
var. callianthemus
Erigeron speciosus
Subalpine fleabane
N
Low
Aspen fleabane
N
High
Eurybia integrifolia
[Aster integrifolius]
Eurybia merita
[Aster sibiricus var.
meritus, A. meritus]
Helianthella
quinquenervis
Thick-stem woodaster
Behring wood-aster
N
Low
N
Low
Nodding dwarfsunflower
N
Medium
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
66
Potential habitat in foothills of
Pryor Mountains and in north
unit.
Known from vicinity of BCNRA.
Potential habitat most likely at
high elevation sites in Carbon
County.
Potential habitat in foothlls of
Pryor Mountains and in north
unit.
Potential habitat in coniferous
forests in Carbon County.
Potential habitat in coniferous
forests in Carbon County.
Most likely at moderate
elevations in Big Horn County
WY & Big Horn County, MT.
Known from vicinity of BCNRA.
Potential habitat most likely at
medium to high elevation sites.
Most likely at moderate
elevations in Big Horn County
WY & Big Horn County, MT.
Most likely at moderate
elevations in Big Horn County
WY & Big Horn County, MT.
Most likely at higher elevations
in Carbon County.
Previous reports were
misidentified, but potential
habitat is present at higher
elevations in Carbon County.
Most likely at higher elevations
in Carbon County.
Most likely at higher elevations
in Carbon County.
Previous reports were
misidentified, but potential
habitat is present at higher
elevations in Carbon County.
Family
(__aceae)
Aster
Species Name
Common Name
Madia glomerata
Mountain tarplant
Aster
Malacothrix torreyi
Aster
Oreostemma alpigena
var. haydenii
[Aster alpigenus]
Aster
Picradeniopsis
oppositifolia
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Aster
Native/
exotic
N
Probability
Comments
High
Torrey's desertdandelion
Tundra
mountaincrown
[Hayden's alpine
aster]
Opposite-leaf falsebahia
N
Medium
N
Medium
N
High
Senecio serra var.
serra
Senecio triangularis
Tall ragwort
N
High
Arrow-leaf ragwort
N
Medium
Solidago simplex var.
nana
[S. spathulata var.
nana]
Stenotus acaulis
[Haplopappus acaulis]
Mt. Albert goldenrod
N
Low
Weedy native could occur
along roads and trails over
much of the higher elevations
of BCNRA.
Found in adjacent areas of Big
Horn County, WY
Observed in vicinity of BCNRA
in Montana by Heidel in 1999,
but population could not be
relocated in 2001.
Reported from Barry's Landing
by Lichvar, but population
could not be confirmed. Boat
ramp development may have
eliminated suitable habitat.
Most likely at higher elevations
in Carbon County.
Most likely at higher elevations
in Carbon County.
Most likely at higher elevations
in Carbon County.
Stemless mock
goldenweed
N
High
Symphyotrichum
ascendens
[Aster ascendens, A.
chilensis var.
ascendens]
Symphyotrichum
ericoides var.
stricticaule
[Aster ericoides var.
stricticaulis]
Symphyotrichum
foliaceum var. parryi
[Aster foliaceus var.
parryi]
Symphyotrichum
spathulatum
[Aster occidentalis]
Tetradymia spinosa
Western American
aster
N
High
White heath
American-aster
N
Medium
Potential habitat in northern
unit (Big Horn County, MT).
Alpine leafy-head
American aster
N
Medium
Most likely at higher elevations
in Carbon County.
Mountain American
aster
N
Low
Most likely at higher elevations
in Carbon County.
Short-spine
horsebrush
Stemless four-nerve
daisy
N
High
N
High
Observed just outside BNCRA
boundaries by Heidel in 1999.
An unlabeled collection by
Lichvar is probably from the
general vicinity of BCNRA.
Tufted cat's-eye
N
Medium
Boragin
Tetraneuris acaulis var.
caespitosa
[Hymenoxys acaulis
var. caespitosa]
Cryptantha caespitosa
Boragin
Lappula cenchrusoides
Great Plains
sheepburr
N
Medium
Boragin
Mertensia viridis
[included in M.
oblongifolia by Kartesz
and Meacham 1999]
Plagiobothrys scouleri
var. hispidulus
Green bluebells
N
Medium
Meadow popcornflower
N
High
Arabis drummondii
[Boechera angustifolia]
Canadian rockcress
N
High
Aster
Boragin
Brassic
67
Most likely at moderate
elevations in Big Horn County
WY & Big Horn County, MT.
Potential habitat throughout
lower elevation areas of
BCNRA.
Reported from Big Horn
County in Dorn (2001), but
these may represent
misidentified C. cana.
Most likely at moderate
elevations in Big Horn County
WY & Big Horn County, MT.
Known from vicinity of BCNRA.
Potential habitat most likely at
medium to high elevation sites.
Potential habitat along
Yellowtail Reservoir in Bighorn
County, WY and Big Horn
County, MT.
Most likely at higher elevations
in Carbon County.
Family
(__aceae)
Brassic
Species Name
Common Name
Native/
exotic
N
Probability
Comments
Arabis hirsuta
Hairy rockcress
Medium
Owens Valley
rockcress
N
Low
Lens-pod hoarycress
Miner's pepperwort
E
Medium
N
Medium
Vernal waterstarwort
Slim-pod Venus'looking-glass
N
Medium
N
High
Triodanis perfoliata
Clasping-leaf
Venus'-looking-glass
N
High
Arenaria congesta var.
lithophila
[Eremogene congesta
var. lithophila]
Moehringia lateriflora
[Arenaria lateriflora]
Ball-head sandwort
N
High
Most likely at higher elevations
in Carbon County.
Reported by Dorn (1978) from
vicinity of BCNRA, but
specimen cannot be relocated
and may be misidentified.
Potential habitat at lower
elevations in Bighorn County,
WY and Carbon County.
Potential habitat along roads
and trails at lower elevations.
Most likely at moderate
elevations in Big Horn County
WY & Big Horn County, MT.
Potential habitat along margins
of Yellowtail Reservoir.
Reported by Lichvar et al.
(1985) from northern end of
BCNRA.
Reported by Lichvar et al.
(1985) from northern end of
BCNRA.
Observed in 2001 on east
flanks of Pryor Mountain, just
outside the NRA.
Brassic
Arabis lignifera
[Boechera lignifera]
Brassic
Cardaria chalepensis
Brassic
Lepidium densiflorum
var. densiflorum
Callitrich
Callitriche palustris
Campanul
Triodanis leptocarpa
Campanul
Caryophyll
Blunt-leaf groovesandwort
N
High
Caryophyll
Silene drummondii
N
Medium
Caryophyll
Silene latifolia ssp. alba
[Lychnis alba]
Spergularia rubra
Drummond's
catchfly
Bladder-campion
E
Medium
Ruby sand-spurry
E
High
Chenopodium foliosum
[C. capitatum var.
parvicapitatum, C.
overi]
Chenopodium simplex
Leafy goosefoot
N
High
Giant-seed
goosefoot
N
Low
Chenopodi
Endolepis suckleyi
[Atriplex suckleyi]
Suckley's saltbush
N
High
Chenopodi
Suaeda calceoliformis
Paiuteweed
N
Medium
Cyper
Carex phaeocephala
N
Medium
Cyper
Carex raynoldsii
Mountain hare
sedge
Raynold's sedge
N
Low
Cyper
Carex utriculata
[C. rostrata]
Northwest Territories
sedge
[Beaked sedge]
N
High
Dryopterid
[Aspleni]
Polystichum lonchitis
Mountain holly fern
N
Low
Dryopterid
[Aspleni]
Eric
Woodsia scopulina
Rocky Mountain cliff
fern
Grouseberry
[Grouse
whortleberry]
N
Medium
N
Low
Caryophyll
Caryophyll
Chenopodi
Chenopodi
Vaccinium scoparium
68
Potential habitat in Big Horn
County, MT on slopes above
dam.
Most likely at higher elevations
in Carbon County.
No voucher - high prob.
Potential habitat along margins
of Yellowtail Reservoir.
Most likely at higher elevations
in Carbon County.
Most likely at moderate
elevations in Big Horn County
WY & Big Horn County, MT.
Potential habitat in shale
barren habitats in Big Horn
County, WY.
Potential habitat in shale-clay
wetland habitats in Big Horn
County, WY.
Most likely at higher elevations
in Carbon County.
Most likely at higher elevations
in Carbon County.
Potential habitat along
Yellowtail Reservoir in Bighorn
County, WY and Big Horn
County, MT.
Known from vicinity of BCNRA.
Potential habitat most likely at
high elevation sites in Carbon
County.
Potential habitat in northern
unit (Big Horn County, MT).
Most likely at higher elevations
in Carbon County.
Family
(__aceae)
Fab
Species Name
Common Name
Probability
Comments
Alpine milkvetch
Native/
exotic
N
Astragalus alpinus
Medium
Astragalus eucosmus
Elegant milkvetch
N
Low
Fab
Astragalus kentrophyta
var. tegetarius
Spiny milkvetch
N
Medium
Fab
Astragalus tenellus
N
High
Fab
Astragalus vexilliflexus
N
Medium
Fab
Hedysarum occidentale
N
Low
Fab
Hedysarum
sulphurescens
Loose-flower
milkvetch
Bent-flower
milkvetch
Western sweetvetch
Yellow sweet-vetch
N
Low
Fab
Lupinus sericeus
Pursh's silky lupine
N
Medium
Fab
Oxytropis sericea var.
sericea
Rocky Mountain
locoweed
N
Medium
Fab
Trifolium pratense
Red clover
E
High
Fab
Trifolium repens
White clover
E
High
Gentian
Frasera speciosa
[Swertia radiata]
Monument-plant
[Green gentian]
N
Medium
Gentian
Autumn dwarfgentian
White crane's-bill
N
Medium
Gerani
Gentianella amarella
var. amarella
Geranium richardsonii
N
High
Halorag
Myriophyllum sibiricum
Siberian water-milfoil
N
High
Hydrophyll
Nemophila breviflora
N
Medium
Isoet
Isoetes bolanderi
Great Basin babyblue-eyes
Bolander's quillwort
N
Low
Junc
Juncus compressus
Round-fruit rush
E
High
Junc
Juncus confusus
Colorado rush
E
Medium
Junc
Juncus parryi
Parry's rush
N
Low
Junc
Luzula parviflora
N
Medium
Lami
Prunella vulgaris
Small-flower woodrush
Common self-heal
N
Medium
Most likely at higher elevations
in Carbon County.
Most likely at higher elevations
in Carbon County.
Potential habitat in foothlls of
Pryor Mountains and in north
unit.
Potential habitat in northern
unit (Big Horn County, MT).
Potential habitat in northern
unit (Big Horn County, MT).
Potential habitat in northern
unit (Big Horn County, MT).
Known from vicinity of BCNRA.
Potential habitat most likely at
medium to high elevation sites.
Most likely at moderate
elevations in Big Horn County
WY & Big Horn County, MT.
Most likely at moderate
elevations in Big Horn County
WY & Big Horn County, MT.
Most likely at low elevation
disturbed sites in Big Horn
County, WY and Big Horn
County, MT.
Most likely at low elevation
disturbed sites in Big Horn
County, WY and Big Horn
County, MT.
Most likely at medium to high
elevations in Montana
counties.
Potential habitat in northern
unit (Big Horn County, MT).
Potential habitat in northern
unit (Big Horn County, MT).
Potential habitat along
Yellowtail Reservoir in Bighorn
County, WY and Big Horn
County, MT.
Most likely at higher elevations
in Carbon County.
Potential habitat in northern
unit (Big Horn County, MT).
Potential habitat along
Yellowtail Reservoir in Bighorn
County, WY and Big Horn
County, MT.
Known from vicinity of BCNRA.
Potential habitat most likely at
medium elevation sites.
Known from vicinity of BCNRA.
Potential habitat most likely at
high elevation sites in Carbon
County.
Most likely at higher elevations
of Montana counties.
Most likely at higher elevations
of Montana counties.
Fab
Lami
Stachys palustris
N
High
Woundwort
[Swamp hedgenettle]
69
Most likely at higher elevations
of Montana counties.
Family
(__aceae)
Lentibulari
Species Name
Common Name
Probability
Comments
Greater bladderwort
Native/
exotic
N
Utricularia macrorhiza
[U. vulgaris, U. major]
Medium
Leucocrinum
montanum
Star-lily
N
Medium
Lili
[Alli]
Lili
[Calochort]
Loas
Allium brevistylum
Short-stem onion
N
Medium
Streptopus
amplexicaulis
Mentzelia dispersa
Clasping twistedstalk
Nevada blazing-star
N
Medium
N
High
Onagr
Camissonia andina
Blackfoot River
suncup
N
High
Onagr
Gayophytum diffusum
ssp. parviflorum
[G. diffusum var.
strictipes]
Alopecurus aequalis
Spreading
groundsmoke
N
High
Potential habitat along
Yellowtail Reservoir in Bighorn
County, WY and Big Horn
County, MT.
Potential habitat occurs at
medium to high elevation
areas, mostly in Montana
counties.
Most likely at higher elevations
of Montana counties.
Most likely at higher elevations
in Carbon County.
Potential habitat in northern
unit (Big Horn County, MT).
Most likely at moderate
elevations in Big Horn County
WY & Big Horn County, MT.
Most likely at moderate
elevations in Big Horn County
WY & Big Horn County, MT.
Lili
[Antheric]
Short-awn meadowfoxtail
N
High
Po
Calamagrostis
canadensis
Bluejoint
[Bluejoint reedgrass]
N
Medium
Po
Calamagrostis
purpurascens
Purple reed grass
N
Medium
Po
Danthonia intermedia
Timber wild oatgrass
N
Medium
Po
Echinochloa crus-galli
Large barnyard
grass
E
Low
Po
Elymus lanceolatus var.
lanceolatus
Eremopyrum triticeum
[Agropyron triticeum]
Streamside wild rye
N
High
Annual false
wheatgrass
E
Medium
Po
Hordeum pusillum
Little barley
N
Medium
Po
Phleum alpinum
Mountain timothy
N
Low
Po
Poa alpina
Alpine bluegrass
N
Low
Po
Poa wheeleri
[P. nervosa var.
wheeleri]
Trisetum spicatum
Wheeler's bluegrass
N
Medium
Narrow false oat
[Spike trisetum]
N
Low
N
High
N
High
Po
Po
Po
Po
x Elyhordeum macounii
[Elymus x macounii]
Polemoni
Gilia pinnatifida
[Aliciella pinnatifida]
Sticky gily-flower
70
Potential habitat along
Yellowtail Reservoir in Bighorn
County, WY and Big Horn
County, MT.
Potential habitat along
Yellowtail Reservoir in Bighorn
County, WY and Big Horn
County, MT.
Known from vicinity of BCNRA.
Potential habitat most likely at
high elevation sites in Carbon
County.
Most likely at higher elevations
in Carbon County.
Most likely at low elevation
disturbed sites in Big Horn
County, WY and Big Horn
County, MT.
Potential habitat throughout
BCNRA.
Most likely at moderate
elevations in Big Horn County
WY & Big Horn County, MT.
Most likely at moderate
elevations in Big Horn County
WY & Big Horn County, MT.
Most likely at higher elevations
in Carbon County.
Known from vicinity of BCNRA.
Potential habitat most likely at
high elevation sites in Carbon
County.
Most likely at higher elevations
in Carbon County.
Known from vicinity of BCNRA.
Potential habitat most likely at
high elevation sites in Carbon
County.
Possibly observed in BCNRA
by Heidel, but confirmation
needed.
Most likely at moderate
elevations in Big Horn County
WY & Big Horn County, MT.
Family
(__aceae)
Polemoni
Species Name
Common Name
Gilia tweedyi
Polemoni
Polemoni
Polemoni
Probability
Comments
Tweedy's gily-flower
Native/
exotic
N
High
Ipomopsis congesta
var. congesta
Ballhead skyrocket
N
Medium
Phlox gracilis ssp.
humilis [Microsteris
gracilis var. humilior]
Phlox multiflora
Slender phlox
N
Medium
N
Medium
N
Low
Most likely at moderate
elevations in Big Horn County
WY & Big Horn County, MT.
Most likely at moderate
elevations in Big Horn County
WY & Big Horn County, MT.
Most likely at moderate
elevations in Montana
counties.
Most likely at higher elevations
of Montana counties.
Most likely at moderate
elevations in Big Horn County,
MT.
Most likely at moderate
elevations in Big Horn County,
MT.
Known from vicinity of BCNRA.
Potential habitat most likely at
high elevation sites in Carbon
County.
Most likely at moderate
elevations in Big Horn County,
MT.
Most likely at low elevation
disturbed sites in Big Horn
County, WY and Big Horn
County, MT.
Potential habitat in northern
unit (Big Horn County, MT).
Potential habitat in northern
unit (Big Horn County, MT).
Polemoni
Polemonium
occidentale
Rocky Mountain
phlox
Western Jacob'sladder
Polemoni
Polemonium
pulcherrimum
Beautiful Jacob'sladder
N
Low
Polemoni
Polemonium viscosum
Sticky Jacob'sladder
N
Low
Polygon
Eriogonum
caespitosum
Matted wild
buckwheat
N
Low
Polygon
Polygonum achoreum
Leathery knotweed
N
High
Polygon
Douglas' knotweed
N
High
White-margin
knotweed
N
Medium
Polygon
Polygonum douglasii
var. douglasii
Polygonum
polygaloides var.
confertiflorum
[P. kelloggii var.
confertiflorum]
Rumex stenophyllus
Narrow-leaf dock
E
Medium
Portulac
Lewisia pygmaea
Alpine bitterroot
N
Low
Primul
Androsace
septentrionalis var.
subulifera
Glaux maritima
Pygmy-flower rockjasmine
N
High
Sea-milkwort
N
High
Pyrol
[Eric]
Pyrol
[Eric]
Ranuncul
Orthilia secunda
[Pyrola secunda]
Pyrola asarifolia
Sidebells
N
Medium
Pink wintergreen
N
Low
Clematis hirsutissima
Sugarbowls
N
Medium
Ranuncul
Delphinium geyeri
Geyer's larkspur
N
Medium
Ranuncul
Myosurus apetalus
[M. aristatus]
Bristly mousetail
N
Medium
Ranuncul
Ranunculus flammula
var. filiformis
Greater creeping
spearwort
N
Medium
Polygon
Primul
[Myrsin]
71
Most likely at low elevation
disturbed sites in Big Horn
County, WY and Big Horn
County, MT.
Most likely at higher elevations
of Montana counties.
Most likely at higher elevations
of Montana counties.
Potential habitat in saline
wetlands along Yellowtail
Reservoir.
Most likely at higher elevations
in Carbon County.
Most likely at higher elevations
in Carbon County.
Most likely at higher elevations
of Montana counties.
Known from vicinity of BCNRA
in Montana from an historical
collection by Booth. Potential
habitat also occurs in Big Horn
County, WY.
Potential habitat along
Yellowtail Reservoir in Bighorn
County, WY and Big Horn
County, MT.
Potential habitat along
Yellowtail Reservoir in Bighorn
County, WY and Big Horn
County, MT.
Family
(__aceae)
Ranuncul
Species Name
Common Name
Probability
Comments
Sagebrush buttercup
Native/
exotic
N
Ranuncul
Ranunculus
glaberrimus var.
ellipticus
Ranunculus macounii
Medium
Most likely at higher elevations
of Montana counties.
Macoun's buttercup
N
Medium
Tobacco-brush
[Buckbrush]
Common silverweed
N
Low
N
High
Crateagus douglasii
Black hawthorn
N
High
Ros
Ivesia gordonii
Alpine mousetail
N
Medium
Ros
Potentilla biennis
Biennial cinquefoil
N
High
Ros
Potentilla concinna var.
concinna
Potentilla diversifolia
var. diversifolia
Red cinquefoil
N
Medium
Mountain meadow
cinquefoil
N
Low
Sticky cinquefoil
N
Medium
Soft cinquefoil
N
Medium
Rubi
Potentilla glandulosa
var. pseudorupestris
Potentilla pulcherrima
[P. gracilis var.
pulcherrima]
Galium bifolium
Most likely at higher elevations
of Montana counties.
Most likely at higher elevations
of Montana counties.
Potential habitat along
Yellowtail Reservoir in Bighorn
County, WY and Big Horn
County, MT.
Potential habitat in northern
unit (Big Horn County, MT).
Most likely at higher elevations
in Carbon County.
Potential habitat along
Yellowtail Reservoir in Bighorn
County, WY and Big Horn
County, MT.
Most likely at higher elevations
of Montana counties.
Known from vicinity of BCNRA.
Potential habitat most likely at
high elevation sites in Carbon
County.
Most likely at higher elevations
of Montana counties.
Most likely at higher elevations
of Montana counties.
Rhamn
Ceanothus velutinus
Ros
Argentina anserina
[Potentilla anserina]
Ros
Twin-leaf bedstraw
N
High
Rubi
Galium trifidum
Three-petal
bedstraw
N
High
Ruppi
Ruppia cirrhosa
[R. maritima]
Spiral ditch-grass
N
Low
Saxifrag
Saxifraga rhomboidea
Diamond-leaf
saxifrage
N
Low
Scrophulari
Castilleja cusickii
N
Low
Scrophulari
Castilleja miniata
Cusick's Indianpaintbrush
Great red Indianpaintbrush
N
Low
Scrophulari
Scrophulari
Penstemon caryi
Penstemon eriantherus
var. cleburnei
Cary's beardtongue
Fuxxy-tongue
beardtongue
N
N
Medium
Low
Scrophulari
Penstemon glaber var.
glaber
Penstemon procerus
[P. confertus var.
procerus]
Western smooth
beardtongue
Pincushion
beardtongue
N
Medium
N
Medium
Veronica serpyllifolia
var. humifusa
Hyoscyamus niger
Thyme-leaf
speedwell
Black henbane
N
Medium
E
Medium
Ros
Ros
Ros
Scrophulari
Scrophulari
Solan
72
Potential habitat in semidisturbed areas throughout
BCNRA
Potential habitat along
Yellowtail Reservoir in Bighorn
County, WY and Big Horn
County, MT.
Potential habitat along
Yellowtail Reservoir in Bighorn
County, WY and Big Horn
County, MT.
Known from vicinity of BCNRA.
Potential habitat most likely at
high elevation sites in Carbon
County.
Most likely at higher elevations
of Montana counties.
Known from vicinity of BCNRA.
Potential habitat most likely at
high elevation sites in Carbon
County.
Voucher from outside BCNRA
Potential habitat in low
elevation areas of Big Horn
County, WY.
Most likely at higher elevations
of Montana counties.
Known from vicinity of BCNRA.
Potential habitat most likely at
high elevation sites in Carbon
County.
Most likely at higher elevations
of Montana counties.
Potential habitat in semidisturbed areas throughout
BCNRA
Family
(__aceae)
Valerian
Species Name
Common Name
Probability
Comments
Tobacco-root
Native/
exotic
N
Valeriana edulis
Low
Upland yellow violet
N
Medium
Known from vicinity of BCNRA.
Potential habitat most likely at
high elevation sites in Carbon
County.
Most likely at higher elevations
of Montana counties.
Viol
Viola praemorsa ssp.
liguifolia
[V. praemorsa var.
altior]
73