U.S. History
Lesson 4
Gettysburg
A P
A.
Prelude
l d
1. C.S.A. was winning in the South
a) Chancellorsville
- tricked the Union – flanked them.
- lost Jackson – shot by his own men.
b) Lee decided to keep pushing North
- headed for PA.
B. Gettysburg
y
g
1.
2.
3
3.
4.
Confederates heard a supply of shoes was at Gettysburg.
July, 1, 1863 – met a few brigades of Union cavalry.
Both sides sent reinforcements
reinforcements.
C.S.A. pushed U.S. out of town – onto Cemetery Ridge
C. Day 2
1 90
1.
90,000
000 U
U.S.
S vs
vs. 75
75,000
000 C
C.S.A.
SA
2. C.S.A. attacked – Gen. James Longstreet led the charge.
3. Col. Joshua L. Chamberlain stopped the assault
- led a bayonet charge on retreating rebels.
D. Day 3
1. Lee thought he could still win.
2. The
h C.S.A. artillery
ill
blasted
bl
d the
h middle
iddl of the
h U.S. line.
li
3. Longstreet & Gen. George Pickett led a charge up
Cemetery Ridge.
- union cannons mowed them down.
down
- almost broke the line, but failed.
4. Lee retreated – U.S. Gen. George Meade did not
counter-attack.
t
tt k
5. Union lost 23,000 -- C.S.A. lost 28,000
- C.S.A. was crippled from them on.
Grant Wins At Vicksburg
- needed Vicksburg, MS to control the Mis. Riv.
A. Vicksburg Under Siege
1. Grant sent cavalry to destroy the RR in central MS.
2. C.S.A. army chased them.
3. Grant marched into Jackson – May 14th – took it over.
4. Headed to Vicksburg
- held it under siege for 2 months.
- shelled the city
- people ate their dogs & mules.
5. July 4, 1863 –same as Gettysburg – Vicksburg surrendered
6. 5 days later, Port Hudson, LA fell – South was split!
Gettysburg Address
1. Nov. 1863 – Ceremony to dedicate Gettysburg cemetery.
- Edward Everett talked for 2 hours
- Lincoln talked for 2 minutes.
a) dedicated the cemetery
b) “Soldiers have not died in vain.”
Confederacy Wears Down
A. Confederate Morale
1. Running
1
R
i low
l on food
f d – can’t
’t eatt cotton!
tt !
2. Lots of desertion.
3. States didn’t want to work together.
4. lots of discontent.
B. Grant Appoints Sherman
1. March 8, 1864 – Lincoln hires Grant as U.S. commander.
2. Grant appts.
pp William Tecumseh Sherman
- in charge of the west.
3. Total war – fight military & civilians
- civilians make the war effort possible
- destroy people’s will to fight
C. Grant & Lee in Virginia
1 G
1.
Grantt attacked
tt k d & attacked
tt k d in
i VA – lost
l t 1,000’s
1 000’
- he had plenty to spare.
2. Grant said, “No Turning Back!”
D. Sherman’s March
1. Marched across the south – “Path of Destruction!”
- wanted the South to be “sick” of war.
2. Burned Atlanta
3. Marched North to meet Grant – destroyed everything in way.
E. Election of 1864
1 Dem.
1.
D
M
McClellan
Cl ll – upset w// Lincoln
Li l – end
d the
h war.
2. Rad. Rep. – Freemont – harsh treatment of the South
3. Rep. – Lincoln – finish the war
- added
dd d Andrew
d
Johnson
h
as VP ((TN))
4. A few union victories – Lincoln barely won.
F. Surrender
1. March of 1865 – moved in Richmond
- Davis abandoned the capital.
2 April
2.
A il 9,
9 1865 – Lee
L surrenders
d – Appomattox
A
tt Court
C t
House, VA
3. Grant pardoned the soldiers & sent them home.
- officers kept side arm & horse
The war was over!