Journal of Strategic Security
Citation Guidelines and Examples
GENERAL GUIDELINES
The Journal of Strategic Security uses a referencing style based on the Chicago Manual Style.
This is a footnote-based citations system. JSS does not use in-text (parenthetical) citations.

Use Microsoft WORD’s built-in footnote tool, do not add footnotes manually.

Footnotes must in 10 pt. Times New Roman font and single spaced.

Footnote numbers or symbols in the text must follow, rather than precede, punctuation.
(i.e. “end of sentence.”1).
To receive full consideration for publication, all submissions must be fully cited using footnotes
that include, if applicable, the URL (i.e. web address) of online sources.

Authors will be required to re-submit their submissions if they are not in the proper
format. Parenthetical citations are not used by JSS.
Although a "bibliography" is not required, all papers should be well-documented with the
supporting references appropriately cited in footnotes according to the instructions in this Guide.
Common examples are listed below
**Only insert one space after end of sentence periods**
When referencing percentages (%) use the word “percent” not “%”
All numbers 100 and under should be spelled out (example: seventy-nine). Exemptions to this
format only for numbers found in direct quotes.
REPEAT CITATIONS
Citing the same source as the preceding footnote
 Ibid
 Ibid, 43 [when page number is available]
Multiple citations of a single note (that are not congruent)
 15 See note 4 above
Subsequent references to sources already fully cited previously in text
Shorten citations whenever possible as shown below:
Example 1
First instance:
1. Tom Nairn, Faces of Nationalism: Janis Revisited (London and New York: Verso, 1997),
17.
Second instance:
2. Nairn, Faces of Nationalism, 176.
Example 2
First instance:
1. Ehud Ya’ari, “Behind the Terror,” Atlantic, June 1987, available at:
http://www.theatlantic.com/past/docs/issues/87jun/yaari.htm.
Second instance:
2. Ya’ari, “Behind the Terror.”
BOOK
Book (Single Author)
Last Name, First Name Middle Initial, Title of Book (Publisher Location: Name of Publisher,
Year Published), Page Number(s).
Bloom, Martin, Primary Prevention (Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, Inc, 1996), 10-23.
Book (Multiple Authors)
Last Name, First Name Middle Initial, and First Name Last Name, Title of Book (Publisher
Location: Name of Publisher, Year Published), Page Number(s).
Inglehart, R. and C. Wezel, Modernization, Cultural Change, and Democracy: The Human
Development Sequence (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005).
Book (Single Author with Editor)
Last Name, First Name Middle Initial, Title of Book, Name of Editor (ed.), (Publisher Location:
Name of Publisher, Year Published), Page Number(s).
Bloom, Martin, Primary Prevention, Frank Lloyd (ed.), (Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, Inc,
1996), 10-23.
Book (Multiple Authors with Editor)
Last Name, First Name Middle Initial, First Name Last Name and First Name Last Name, Title
of Book, Name of Editor (ed.), (Publisher Location: Name of Publisher, Year Published), Page
Number(s).
Bloom, Martin, Robert Blake and Don Johnson, Primary Prevention, Frank Lloyd (ed.),
(Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, Inc, 1996), 10-23.
Chapter in Book (Single Author)
First Name Last Name, “Title of Chapter,” in Title of Book (Location of Publisher: Publisher
Name, Date Published), Page Number(s).
Jose Liht, "Being Muslim being British: A Multi-Media Educational Resource for Young
Muslims," in Islamist Radicalisation in Europe and the Middle East: Reassessing the Causes of
Rerrorism (London: I. B. Tauris, 2013), 10-23.
Chapter in Book (Multiple Authors)
First Name Last Name, First Name Last Name and First Name Last Name, “Title of Chapter,” in
Title of Book (Location of Publisher: Publisher Name, Date Published), Page Number(s).
Jose Liht, Robert Blake and Don Johnson, "Being Muslim being British: A Multi-Media
Educational Resource for Young Muslims," in Islamist Radicalisation in Europe and the Middle
East: Reassessing the Causes of Rerrorism (London: I. B. Tauris, 2013), 10-23.
Chapter in Book (Single Author with Editor)
First Name Last Name, “Title of Chapter,” in First and Last Name of Editor(s) (ed. or eds.), Title
of Book (Location of Publisher: Publisher Name, Date Published), Page Number(s).
Jose Liht, "Being Muslim being British: A Multi-Media Educational Resource for Young
Muslims," in George Joffe (ed.), Islamist Radicalisation in Europe and the Middle East:
Reassessing the Causes of Rerrorism (London: I. B. Tauris, 2013), 10-23.
Chapter in Book (Multiple Authors with Editor)
First Name Last Name, First Name Last Name, and First Name Last Name, “Title of Chapter,” in
First and Last Name of Editor(s) (ed. or eds.), Title of Book (Location of Publisher: Publisher
Name, Date Published), Page Number(s).
Jose Liht, Sara Savage, and Rayan J. Williams, "Being Muslim being British: A Multi-Media
Educational Resource for Young Muslims," in George Joffe (ed.), Islamist Radicalisation in
Europe and the Middle East: Reassessing the Causes of Rerrorism (London: I. B. Tauris, 2013),
10-23.
RAND / HERITAGE FOUNDATION MONOGRAPH PAPERS
**Note Similar to Book Format
Last Name, First Name Middle Initial, Title of Book (Publisher Location: RAND [Name of
Division if applicable], Year Published): Page Number(s).
Davis, Paul K., Primary Prevention (Santa Monica: RAND National Security Research Division,
1996): 10-23.
Note: Use book formatting for multiple authors and/or editor(s)
With website in footnote (and no page number identified)
Last Name, First Name Middle Initial, Title of Book (Publisher Location: RAND [Name of
Division if applicable], Year Published), available at: http:website.
Davis, Paul K., Primary Prevention (Santa Monica: RAND National Security Research Division,
1996), available at: http://www.RAND_site.
GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS
Department of Defense
**Note Similar to Book Format
Last Name, First Name Middle Initial, Title of Report (Publisher Location: DoD Agency [Name
of Division if applicable], Year Published): Page Number(s).
U.S. Department of Defense, Quadrennial Defense Review 2014 (Washington, D.C.: OSD,
2014): V, available at: http://www.defense.gov/pubs/2014_Quadrennial_Defense_Review.pdf.
With a known website
Last Name, First Name Middle Initial, Title of Report (Publisher Location: DoD Agency [Name
of Division if applicable], Year Published): Page Number(s), available at: http://name.
U.S. Department of Defense, Quadrennial Defense Review 2014 (Washington, D.C.: OSD,
2014): V, available at: http://www.defense.gov/pubs/2014_Quadrennial_Defense_Review.pdf.
The White House, National Strategy for Counterterrorism 2011 (Washington, D.C.: The White
House, June 2011), available at: https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/counterterrorism
_strategy.pdf.
Congressional Research Service (CRS)
**Note modified book citation format
Last Name, First Name Middle Initial, Title of Report, CRS Report RL#### (Publisher Location:
Library of Congress, Congressional Research Service, Year Published): Page Number(s).
Livingston, Thomas, Building the Capacity of Partner States, CRS Report R41817 (Washington,
D.C.: Library of Congress, Congressional Research Service, 2011): 31.
With a known website
Last Name, First Name Middle Initial, Title of Report, CRS Report RL#### (Publisher Location:
Library of Congress, Congressional Research Service, Year Published): Page Number(s),
available at: http://name.
Livingston, Thomas, Building the Capacity of Partner States, CRS Report R41817 (Washington,
D.C.: Library of Congress, Congressional Research Service, 2011): 31, available at:
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/R41817.pdf.
JOURNAL ARTICLES
Journal Article (Single Author)
Citation Showing Journal Volume
Sarah P. Moskalenko, "Mechanisms of Political Radicalization: Pathways Toward Terrorism,"
Terrorism and Political Violence 20 (Summer, 2008): 1-17.
Citation Showing Journal Volume and Number
Sarah P. Moskalenko, "Mechanisms of Political Radicalization: Pathways Toward Terrorism,"
Terrorism and Political Violence 4:20 (Summer, 2008): 1-17.
Journal Article (Multiple Authors)
Citation Showing Journal Volume
Christopher H. McCauley and Sarah P. Moskalenko, "Mechanisms of Political Radicalization:
Pathways Toward Terrorism," Terrorism and Political Violence 20 (Fall, 2008): 1-17.
Citation Showing Journal Volume and Number
Christopher H. McCauley and Sarah P. Moskalenko, "Mechanisms of Political Radicalization:
Pathways Toward Terrorism," Terrorism and Political Violence 3:20 (Fall, 2008): 1-17.
INTERNET SOURCES
Article From Website
First Name and Last Name (when available), “Title of Article, Source, or Page,” Source of
Information, Date: page(s) #, available at: http://www.name.
Bud A. Light, “How to make Soda Pop,” CNN.com, October 15, 1969: 20-32, available at:
http://www.cnn.com.
BLOG SITES
Article From Blog
First Name and Last Name (when available), “Title of Article, Source, or Page,” Source of
Information, Date: page(s) #, available at: http://www.name.
Macon Phillips, “Osama Bin Laden Dead,” The White House Blog, May 2, 2011, available at:
http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2011/05/02/osama-bin-laden-dead.
SPEECH / LECTURES
Last Name, First Name, “Title of Speech/Lecture,” Event Name, Event Location if known, City
Location, Date of Event.
McRaven, William H. ADM, “Keynote Address: Persistent Engagement in the New Strategic
Enviornment,” National Defense Industrial Association (NDIA) Special Operations/Low
Intensity Conflict (SO/LIC) Symposium, Freedom Hall, Washington, D.C., January 28-30, 2013.
STATE OF THE UNION SPEECHES
First Name Last Name, "Name of Speech," Title of Event, Event Location if known, City
Location, Date of Event, available at: http:www.website.
George W. Bush, "The 2004 State of the Union Address," 2004 State of the Union, Capitol Building,
Washington, D.C., 2004, available at:
http://whitehouse.georgewbush.org/news/2004/012004SOTU.asp.
NEWSPAPER ARTICLES
First Name Last Name, “Article Title,” Newspaper, Page Number, Date Published.
Michael S. Rosenwald, “A Drone of Your Very Own,” Washington Post, August 18, 2013, A1.
NEWSPAPER ARTICLES (ONLINE)
First Name Last Name, “Article Title,” Newspaper, Date Published, available at:
http://www.name.
Sheryl Gay Stolberg and Robert Pear, “Wary Centrists Posing Challenge in Health Care Vote,”
New York Times, February 27, 2010, available at:
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/28/us/politics/28health.html.
MAGAZINE ARTICLES
First Name Last Name, “Article Title,” Magazine, Date Published, available at:
http://www.name.
Ehud Ya’ari, “Behind the Terror,” Atlantic, June 1987, available at:
http://www.theatlantic.com/past/docs/issues/87jun/yaari.htm.
CONGRESSIONAL TESTIMONY/HEARINGS
First Name Middle Name Last Name, Title of Person Giving Report (if available), "Name of
Report," Testimony to [name of subcommittee/committee, etc...], U.S. House of Representatives
/ U.S. Senate, Date, Page Number, available at: http:www.website.
Randolph C. Hite, CPB Director for Information Technology Architecture and System Issues,
“Secure Border Initiative: DHS Needs To Follow Through On Plans To Reassess And Better
Manage Key Technology Program,” Testimony before the House Subcommittees on
Management, Investigations, and Oversight and Border, Maritime, and Global Terrorism, and the
Committee on Homeland Security, U.S. House of Representatives, June 17, 2010, 3, available at:
http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d10840t.pdf.
PUBLIC LAW / STATUTE
Name of Law/Act/Statute, Public Law Number, Section Number, Volume Number Stat. Page
Number (Date if available).
FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012, Public Law Number 112-95, 126 Stat.11
(February 14, 2012).
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MASTER THESIS / PHD DISSERTATIONS
First Name Last Name, “Name of Paper” (Master Thesis or Dissertation: Name of School, Date),
Page(s), available at: http://www.website.
LCDR Jonathan Biehl, USN, “Counternarcotics Operations in Afghanistan: A Way to Success or
a Meaningless Cause” (Master Thesis: U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, 2009),
21-32, available at: http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA512380.
POLICY WORKING PAPERS
First Name Last Name and First Name Last Name (multiple authors), “Name of Paper,” Policy
Working Paper Name/Number (Publication City: Publishing Organization, Date): Page(s),
available at: http://www.website.
Paul Collier, Anke Hoeffer and Mans Soderbom, “On the Duration of Civil War,” Policy
Working Paper 2861, (Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 2001): 6, available at:
http://www.website_for-policy_paper_2861.
TELEVISION
“Title of Show,” Source of Show, Date, available at: www.tvshow.com.
“Secret Underground,” The History Channel, December 10, 2010, available at:
http://www.history.com/shows/modern-marvels/episodes/episode-guide.
VIDEO ONLINE
Last Name, First Name, “Title of Video,” Source of Video, Date, available at: www.video.com.
Napoleoni, Lorretta, “The Intricate Economics of Terrorism,” Ted Talk.com, December 2009,
available at: https://www.ted.com/speakers/loretta_napoleoni.
COURT PAPERS
First Name Last Name (of document originator), “Title of Document,” Court name overseeing
proceedings (Date of document): page(s) #, available at: www.website if available.com.
Sally C. Johnson, “Forensic Evaluation,” United States District Court for the Eastern District of
California (1998): 40-41, available at: http://www.chicagotribune.com/media/acrobat/200804/37849352.pdf.
RESEARCH REPORTS / POLLING
Name of Research Company (or First Name, Last Name if available), "Name of Research,"
Name of Research Company, Date, available at: http:www.website.com.
Pew Research, "Pakistanis See US as an Enemy," Pew Research Center, August 12, 2010,
available at: http://www.pewresearch.org/daily-number/pakistanis-see-u-s-as-an-enemy/.
UNPUBLISHED MANUSCRIPTS
Single Author
First Name Last Name, "Title of Manuscript," Unpublished Manuscript (Date), page number.
John Barnes, "When the Cows Come Home," Unpublished Manuscript (2010), 4.
Multiple Authors
First Name Last Name, First Name Last Name and First Name Last Name, " Title of
Manuscript," Unpublished Manuscript (Date), page number.
John Barnes, Amy Jones and Billy Walker, "When the Cows Come Home," Unpublished
Manuscript (2010), 4-10.