VOL. 11, NO. 5, MARCH 2016
ISSN 1819-6608
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2016 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.
www.arpnjournals.com
METHODOLOGY FOR PARAMETERS SELECTION AND EVALUATION
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DECENTRALIZED ENERGY SUPPLY
SYSTEMS BASED ON RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
Viktor Vasilievich Elistratov and Irina Grigoryevna Kudryasheva
Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya Str., St.Petersburg, Russia
E-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
About 60% of Russia is located in isolated (autonomous) areas and mostly provided with electricity from diesel
power plants running on imported fuel. According to the Russian Energy Agency (REA), the number of diesel power
plants (DPP) operating in isolated areas is around 900, their power generation is about 2.54 billion kilowatt-hours per year.
The cost of DPP producing energy is 0.25-2.0 Euro/kWh, which is significantly more expensive than in the areas with
centralized power. Therefore, reducing the consumption of the imported DPP fuel is an important socio-economic problem.
At the same time wind and solar energy potential have high rates in the areas with autonomous power supply, which can be
effectively used by power complexes basing on renewable energy sources, ensuring a high proportion of replaced diesel
fuel.
Keywords: wind energy sources, proportion of replaced diesel fuel, wind-diesel power plant, power economic estimation.
1. INTRODUCTION
Gross wind energy resources (WER) of Russia is
about 80 х 1015 kWh/year, technical WER6.2 х 1015 kWh/year, economic WER - 31 х1012 kWh/year.
About 38% of WER is concentrated in the European part,
30% - in the Far East, 16% - in Western Siberia and about
16% - in Eastern Siberia. Northern and Far Eastern
territories of Russia have the high wind potential and the
main power plants of are decentralized energy supply are
located here [2].
Introduction of renewable energy sources and, in
particular, wind-diesel power complexes can be an
effective solution to reduce the costs of electricity
generation and diesel fuel consumption. It provides
increase power and environmental security for isolated
consumers especially in areas with sufficiently high wind
potential. Promising areas are northern and Far Eastern
coastal regions of Russia; their wind potential has a high
density (400 to 600 watts per m2 at a height of 50 meters).
According to the REA power supply systems introduction
are planned in such areas, including renewable energy
plant with capacity rated at 215 MW (Figure-1).
In the Science Education Center “Renewable
energy sources” of Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg
Polytechnic University within federal target program of
Ministry of Education "Development of intelligent
autonomous power supply methods and technologies from
traditional and renewable energy sources for harsh climate
conditions" are developed techniques and technologies of
autonomous power supply through the establishment of
module power complexes on the basis of renewable
energy sources and primarily wind power.
Figure-1. Renewable energy potential by replacing power
generating basing on diesel fuel for industrial customers
in the Far East (according to CEA).
An analysis of existing international and
domestic experience of DPP creation and operation in the
United States (Alaska), Norway, Sweden, Canada and
Finland [13] revealed that introduction of 55 operating
power complexes and 50 in the design stage cannot fully
be used to the Russia climatic conditions with lower
winter temperatures, widespread permafrost zone, the
most prolonged period of frost and icing of wind turbines
blades, the lack of good roads conditions, transport and
assembly equipment (Figure-2).
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VOL. 11, NO. 5, MARCH 2016
ISSN 1819-6608
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2016 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.
www.arpnjournals.com
The basis of the methodology for assessing wind
energy resources (WER) in the first block is founded on
the principle of a three-level sequential increase the
accuracy of calculations:
Figure-2. Examples of implementation wind-diesel power
plants: a) - Kotzebue, Alaska (USA); b) - Anadyr
(Russia); c) -Wales, Alaska (USA).
2. METHOD
Russia does not have the experience of determine
parameters creation of such optimized systems for the
required power consumption, power complexes on the
basis of renewable energy sources, ensuring a high
proportion of replaced diesel fuel. There it was developed
a special method consisting of four interconnected
functional blocks to solve the optimization problem
(Figure-3).
Figure-3. The conceptual block-scheme of the method for
calculating the optimal parameters and operating modes
of autonomous power complex based on renewable
energy sources.
Function blocks are combined into single multilevel optimization software, which provides a choice of
composition, parameters and operating modes of the
energy complex, using both traditional and renewable
energy sources [7, 5].

preliminary large-scale modeling and integrated
assessment of wind energy resources;

regional assessment of WER based on the mesoscale
wind flow modeling and calculation of wind energy
resources considering climatic characteristics of the
region;

multiscale modeling of wind flow and calculation of
the resources according to the orography, relief,
topography, etc. for a specific placement of the energy
complex.
Selection and ranking of embodiments of the EC,
based on multi-parameter comparison, is conducted in the
second block [1].
Simulation modeling of the operating modes of
EC with various composition and technical parameters of
the equipment is conducted in the third block (Raghav
Chakravarthy, et al., 2014). The main criteria of optimality
the following items are [3]:

minimum of the normalized cost of the electric power
[8];

minimum of the harmful emissions in CO2 equivalent
values [4];

the maximum runtime (the battery life without
maintenance);

maximum of useful generating of the renewable
energy [11].
Imitation calculation scheme includes the
following mathematical models of the equipment:
Wind turbine or wind power plant Models,
counting the electricity generation based on wind potential
prospective construction sites.
Solar photovoltaic plant Model, defining the
generation of electricity from the available options for the
geopotential construction sites, the number and
characteristics of the PhEM (photoelectric modules),
shading effects and process control management system.
DPP Model, defining the production of the diesel
power, fuel consumption, emissions into the atmosphere,
the service life before overhaul.
Accumulating system Model (AS), defining the
actual life of the аccumulating battery (AB).
Ballast loading Model (BL), defining the amount
of the excess energy generated during regulation.
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VOL. 11, NO. 5, MARCH 2016
ISSN 1819-6608
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2016 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.
www.arpnjournals.com
Model of intelligent control system, which
provides regulation and redistribution of energy between
the equipment according to the basic operating scenario of
the EC and calculation of the power balance.
Financial and economic efficiency analysis of
design solutions variants creating WDPP is conducted in
the fourth block [6]. The financial and economic analysis
is based on a comparison of the annual income and
expenses on the project options for adopted life cycle.
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The proposed methodology implemented at
designing and validation of the parameters of wind-diesel
power complex in v. Anderma of Nenets Autonomous
District, has improved the technical and economic
parameters of the project by:

reducing the amount of electricity production in the
DES by using wind energy to 510 ths. kWh to 160
ths. kWh;

reducing the consumption of diesel per 303 ths. liters
per year, accounting for savings of 12.5 mln. rubles;

reducing maintenance costs, replacement / repair of
the DGS by 1.3 times;

reducing CO2 emissions by 600 tons;

reducing the price of electricity at the final consumer
by
38%
to
45.2
rubles
/
kWh
to
28.2 rubles / kWh;

increasing the profitability of the project at the
expense of the tariff in the amount of 45 million
rubles in year.
4. CONCLUSIONS
1. The technique of substantiation parameters and
operating modes of the power complexes based on the
renewable energy sources is offered. Software is a unified
multi-level optimization space, including an assessment of
resource potential in the deficit of natural climate
information, the selection and optimization of the structure
and parameters of the equipment with a system of
intellectual control that provides high replacement of the
diesel.
2. The implementation of the principles of multipurpose comprehensive approach to the creation and
evaluation projects based on renewable energy complexes
provides the increase of technical - scientific and technical
- economic level and the investment attractiveness of
projects for remote areas in difficult climatic conditions.
3. Using the suggested approach improves energy
and environmental security and reliability of the areas of
decentralized energy supply, reduce the amount of fuel
brought from afar and electricity prices for end consumers.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The studies were conducted with the financial
support of the Russian Ministry of Education, the
agreement #14.577.21.0066, unique identifier PNI
RFMEFI57714X0066.
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VOL. 11, NO. 5, MARCH 2016
ISSN 1819-6608
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2016 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.
www.arpnjournals.com
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