PASCHA
TheResurrectionofourLordandGod
andSaviourJesusChrist
3/16April
ODEONE
Heirmos:ITisthedayofResurrection,letusberadiant,Oyepeoples;
Pascha,theLord’sPascha;forChristGodhathbroughtusfromdeath
untolife,andfromearthuntoHeavenaswesingthetriumphalhymn.
Troparia:LETuspurifyoursensesandweshallbeholdChrist,radiant
withtheunapproachablelightoftheResurrection,andweshallclearly
hearHimsay:Rejoice!aswesingthetriumphalhymn.
FORmeetitisthattheHeavensshouldrejoice,andthattheearthshould
beglad,andthatthewholeworld,bothvisibleandinvisible,should
keepthefeast;forChrist,oureverlastingJoy,hatharisen.
Katavasia:ItisthedayofResurrection.Christisrisenfromthedead,
tramplingdowndeathbydeath,andonthoseinthetombsbestowing
life.(Thrice)JESUS,havingrisenfromthegraveasHeforetold,hath
granteduslifeeverlastingandgreatmercy.Theselasttwohymnsare
chantedthusaftereachOde.
ThentheLittleLitany,withtheexclamation::ForThineisthedominion,andThineisthekingdom,andthepower,andthe
glory,oftheFather,andoftheSon,andoftheHolySpirit,nowandever,anduntotheagesofages.Thechoir:Amen.
ODETHREE
Heirmos:COME,letusdrinkanewdrink,notonemarvellouslybroughtforthfromabarrenrock,buttheSourceof
incorruption,whichspringethforthfromthegraveofChrist,inWhomweareestablished.
Troparia:NOWareallthingsfilledwithlight;Heavenandearth,andthenethermostregionsoftheearth.Letallcreation,
therefore,celebratethearisingofChrist,wherebyitisestablished.
YESTERDAYIwasburiedwithThee,OChrist,andtodayIarisewithThinearising.YesterdaywasIcrucifiedwithThee;do
ThouThyselfglorifymewithThee,OSaviour,inThyKingdom.
Katavasia:Come,letusdrinkanewdrink...
ThentheLittleLitany,withtheexclamation:ForThouartourGod,anduntoTheedowesendupglory,totheFather,andto
theSon,andtotheHolySpirit,nowandever,anduntotheagesofages.Thechoir:Amen.
THEHYPAKOE-FourthTone
WHENtheywhowerewithMarycame,anticipatingthedawn,andfoundthestonerolledawayfromthesepulchre,theyheard
fromtheAngel:Whyseekyeamongthedead,asthoughHeweremortalman,HimWhoabidethineverlastinglight?Behold
thegrave-clothes.GoquicklyandproclaimtotheworldthattheLordisrisen,andhathputdeathtodeath.ForHeistheSonof
God,Whosaveththeraceofman.
AndareadingfromtheTheologian,beginningwiththewords,ItistheDayofResurrection,andmybeginninghathgood
auspices.
ODEFOUR
Heirmos:LETtheProphetHabakkuk,theproclaimerofdivinethings,keepthedivinewatchwithus,andshowforththe
radiantAngelwhowithresoundingvoicehathdeclared:Todaydothbringsalvationtotheworld,forChristisrisenas
omnipotent.
Troparia:CHRISTrevealedHimselfasofthemalesexwhenHeopenedtheVirgin’swomb,andasamortalwasHecalledthe
Lamb.Thus,withoutblemishisourPascha.forHetastednotcorruption;andsinceHeistrulyGod,perfectwasHeproclaimed.
CHRIST,ourblessedCrown,likeuntoayearlinglamb,ofHisowngoodwilldidsacrificeHimselfforall,aPaschaof
purification:andfromthegravethebeautifulSunofRighteousnessshoneforthagainuponus.
DAVID,theancestorofourGod,dancedwithleapingbeforethesymbolicalArkoftheCovenant.Letusalso,theholypeopleof
God,beholdingthefulfilmentofthesymbols,rejoiceingodlywise:ForChristisrisen,asomnipotent.
Katavasia:LettheProphetHabakkuk,theproclaimerofdivinethings...
ThentheLittleLitany,withtheexclamation:Foragoodandman-befriendingGodartThou,anduntoTheedowesendup
glory,totheFather,andtotheSon,andtotheHolySpirit,nowandever,anduntotheagesofages.Thechoir:Amen.
ODEFIVE
Heirmos:LETusariseinthedeepdawnand,insteadofmyrrh,offerpraisetotheMaster;andweshallseeChrist,theSunof
Righteousness,Whocausethlifetodawnforall.
Troparia:WHENthoseheldcaptiveinthebondsofHadesbeheldThyboundlesscompassion,OChrist,theyhastenedtothe
lightwithajoyfulstep,exaltingtheeternalPascha.
BEARINGlights,letusgoforthtomeetChrist,Whocomethforthfromthegravelikeabridegroom.Andwiththeranksofthem
thatloveandkeepthisfestival,letuscelebratethesavingPaschaofGod.
Katavasia:Letusariseinthedeepdawn...
ThentheLittleLitany,withtheexclamation:ForhallowedandglorifiedisThineall-honourableandmajesticalName,ofthe
Father,andoftheSon,andoftheHolySpirit,nowandever,anduntotheagesofages.Thechoir:Amen.
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ODESIX
Heirmos:THOUdidstdescendintothedeepestpartsoftheearth,anddidstshattertheeverlastingbarsthatheldfastthose
thatwerefettered,OChrist.Andonthethirdday,likeJonasfromtheseamonster,Thoudidstarisefromthegrave.
Troparia:HAVINGkeptthesealsintact,OChrist,Thoudidstrisefromthetomb,OThouWhodidstnotbreakthesealofthe
VirginbyThybirth;andThouhastopeneduntousthegatesofParadise.
OMYSaviourthelife-givingandunslainSacrifice,when,asGod,ThouofThineownwill,hadstofferedupThyselfuntothe
Father,ThoudidstraiseupwithThyselfthewholeraceofAdamwhenThoudidstrisefromthegrave.
Katavasia:Thoudidstdescend...
ThentheLittleLitany,withtheexclamation:ForThouarttheKingofPeace,andtheSaviourofoursouls,anduntoTheedowe
sendupglory,totheFather,andtotheSon,andtotheHolySpirit,nowandever,anduntotheagesofages.Thechoir:Amen.
KONTAKION-Tone8:THOUGHThoudidstdescendintothegrave,OImmortalOne,yetdidstThoudestroythepowerof
Hades,anddidstariseasvictor,OChristGod,callingtothemyrrh-bearingwomen,Rejoice,andgivingpeaceuntoThine
Apostles,OThouWhodostgrantresurrectiontothefallen.
OIKOS:THEmyrrh-bearingmaidensanticipatedthedawn,seeking,asitwereday,theSunWhowasbeforethesunandWho
hadsetinthetomb,andtheycriedoutonetoanother:Ofriends,come,letusanointwithsweet-smellingspicesthelifebringingandburiedBody,eventhatFleshwhichraisethfallenAdam,wholiethinthegrave.Letusgohence,letusmakehaste
liketheWiseMen,andletusadoreandofferbeforeHimmyrrhasitwereagifttoHim,Whoisnolongerwrappedin
swaddlingbands,butinawinding-sheet.Andletusmakelamentationandcryaloudinexclamation:Arise,OMaster,Thou
Whodostgrantresurrectiontothefallen.
TheSynaxarionoftheMenaion,thenthefollowing:Onthis,theholyandgreatSundayofPascha,wecelebratethelife-bringing
ResurrectionofourLordandGodandSaviourJesusChrist.
Verses:Christ,goingdownalonetothestrugglewithHades,CameforthagainandbroughtwithHimplenteousspoilsof
victory.ToHimbegloryanddominionuntotheagesofages.Amen.
ThenthereischantedinTone6:LETuswhohavebeheldtheResurrectionofChristworshipourholyLordJesus,Whois
alonewithoutsin.WeworshipThyCross,OChrist,andwepraiseandglorifyThyholyResurrection.ForThouartourGod,and
weknownoneotherbesideThee,andwecalluponThyName.Come,allyefaithful,letusworshipChrist’sholyResurrection,
forbehold,throughtheCrossjoyhathcometothewholeworld.ForeverblessingtheLord,wepraiseHisResurrection.He
enduredtheCrossforus,andbydeathdestroyeddeath.(Thrice)
JESUS,havingrisenfromthegraveasHeforetold,hathgranteduslifeeverlastingandgreatmercy.(Thrice)
ODESEVEN
Heirmos:THEonlyblestandmostgloriousGodofourFathers,WhohathredeemedtheChildrenfromthefurnace,isbecome
man,andasamortaldothsuffer,andthroughsufferingdothclothemortalitywiththegraceofincorruption.
Troparia:THEgodly-wisewomenfollowedafterTheeinhastewithsweet-smellingmyrrh.ButHimWhomtheysoughtwith
tearsasdead,theyjoyfullyadoredasthelivingGod,andannounceduntoThydisciples,OChrist,thegladtidingsofthe
mysticalPascha.
WEcelebratethedeathofdeath,thedestructionofHades,thebeginningofaneverlastinglife.Andwithleapsofjoywepraise
theCausethereof,theonlyblestandmostgloriousGodofourFathers.
TRULYsacredandsupremelyfestiveisthissavingnight,radiantwithlight,theforerunnerofthebright-beamingDayofthe
Resurrection,whereontheTimelessLightinbodilyformshonefromthegraveforall.
Katavasia:Theonlyblest...
ThentheLittleLitany,withtheexclamation:BlessedandglorifiedbethedominionofThyKingdom,oftheFather,andofthe
Son,andoftheHolySpirit,nowandever,anduntotheagesofages.Thechoir:Amen.
ODEEIGHT
Heirmos:THISchosenandholydayisthefirstofthesabbaths,thequeenandlady,thefeastoffeasts,andthefestivalof
festivals,whereinweblessChristuntotheages.
Troparia:COMEonthisauspiciousdayoftheResurrection,letuspartakeofthenewfruitofthevineofdivinegladnessandof
theKingdomofChrist,praisingHimasGoduntotheages.
CASTthineeyesaboutthee,OSion,andbehold!Forlo,likedivinely-radiantluminaries,fromtheWest,theNorth,theSea,and
theEasthavethychildrenassembleduntothee,blessingChristuntotheages.
OFATHERAlmighty,theWord,andtheSpirit,oneNatureinthreeHypostasesunited,transcendingessenceandsupremely
Divine!InTheehavewebeenbaptized,andTheewillweblessuntoalltheages.Wepraise,webless,andweworshipthe
Lord.
Katavasia:Thischosenandholy...
ThentheLittleLitany,withtheexclamation:ForblessedisThyName,andglorifiedisThyKingdom,oftheFather,andofthe
Son,andoftheHolySpirit,nowandever,anduntotheagesofages.Thechoir:Amen.
Thedeacon:TheTheotokosandtheMotheroftheLight,letusmagnifyinsong.
AndthechoirschantthehymnsoftheninthOde:
ODENINE
Megalynarion:Magnify,Omysoul,HimWhosufferedwillingly,andwasburied,andarosefromthegraveonthethirdday.
Heirmos:SHINE,shine,OnewJerusalem,forthegloryoftheLordhatharisenuponthee;dancenowandbeglad,OSion,and
dothouexult,OpureTheotokos,inthearisingofHimWhomthoudidstbear.
Megalynarion:Magnify,...AndagaintheHeirmos:
Shine,shine,OnewJerusalem...
Megalynarion:ChrististhenewPascha,thelivingsacrificialVictim,theLambofGodthattakethawaythesinoftheworld.
Troparion:OTHYdivineandbelovedandmostsweetvoice;ThouhasttrulypromisedthatThouwouldstbe
withusuntotheendoftheworld,OChrist;andwefaithfulrejoice,havingthisasananchorofhope.
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Megalynarion:Todaythewholecreationisgladanddothrejoice,forChristisrisen,andHades
hathbeendespoiled.
AndagaintheTroparion:OThydivineandbeloved...
Glory.Megalynarion:Magnify,Omysoul,thedominionoftheUndividedGodheadofThreeHypostases.
Troparion:GREATandmostsacredPascha,Christ;OWisdomandWordandPowerofGod!GrantthatwepartakeofTheefully
intheunwaningdayofThyKingdom.Bothnow.
Megalynarion:Rejoice,OVirgin,rejoice;rejoice,Oblessedone;rejoice,Omostglorifiedone,forthySonhatharisenfromthe
graveonthethirdday.
AndagaintheTroparion:OgreatandmostsacredPascha...
Megalynarion:TheAngelcrieduntoherthatisfullofgrace:OpureVirgin,rejoice,andagainIsay,rejoice;forthySonhath
arisenfromthegraveonthethirdday.
Katavasia:SHINE,shine,OnewJerusalem,forthegloryoftheLordhatharisenuponthee;dancenowandbeglad,OSion,and
dothouexult,OpureTheotokos,inthearisingofHimWhomthoudidstbear.
Christisrisenfromthedead,tramplingdowndeathbydeath,andonthoseinthetombsbestowinglife.(Thrice)
JESUS,havingrisenfromthegraveasHeforetold,hathgranteduslifeeverlastingandgreatmercy.
Thenthelittlelitanywiththeexclamation:ForallthehostsoftheHeavenspraiseThee,anduntoTheedotheysendupglory,
totheFather,andtotheSon,andtotheHolySpirit,nowandeveranduntotheagesofages.TheChoir:Amen.
EXAPOSTILARION,SecondTone:WHENThouhadstfallenasleepinthefleshasonemortal,OKingandLord,Thoudidstrise
againonthethirdday,raisingupAdamfromcorruption,andabolishingdeath:OPaschaofincorruption!OSalvationofthe
world!(Thrice)
FROMTHEOCTOECHOS,FirstTone:
Verse:PraiseHimforHismightyacts,praiseHimaccordingtothemultitudeofHisgreatness.
WEpraiseThysavingPassion,OChrist,andglorifyThyResurrection.
Verse:PraiseHimwiththesoundoftrumpet,praiseHimwiththepsalteryandharp.
THOUWhodidstenduretheCross,anddidstabolishdeath,anddidstarisefromthedead:Makeourlifepeaceful,OLord,since
Thoualoneartomnipotent.
Verse:PraiseHimwithtimbrelanddance,praiseHimwithstringsandflute.
THOUWhodidstdespoilHades,anddidstraiseupmanbyThyResurrection,OChrist:Deemusworthytohymnandglorify
Theewithpurityofheart.
Verse:PraiseHimwithtunefulcymbals,praiseHimwithcymbalsofjubilation.LeteverybreathpraisetheLord.
GLORIFYINGThyGod-befittingcondescension,wepraiseThee,OChrist;forthouwastbornofaVirgin,andyetThouwast
inseparablefromtheFather.Thoudidstsufferasman,anddidstenduretheCrosswillingly.Andasonecomingforthfromthe
bridalchamber,ThoudidstrisefromthegravethatThoumightestsavetheworld.OLord,glorybetoThee.
THESTICHERAOFPASCHAWITHTHEIRVERSES,Tone5:
Verse:LetGodariseandletHisenemiesbescattered,andletthemthathateHimfleefrombeforeHisface.
ASACREDPaschahathbeenshownforthtoustoday;anewandholyPascha,amysticPascha,anall-venerablePascha,a
PaschathatisChristtheRedeemer;aspotlessPascha,agreatPascha,aPaschaofthefaithful,aPaschathathathopenedunto
usthegatesofParadise,aPaschathatdothhallowallthefaithful.
Verse:Assmokevanisheth,soletthemvanish;aswaxmeltethbeforethefire.
COMEfromthatscene,Owomen,bearersofgoodtidings,andsaytoSion:Receivefromusthetidingsofjoy,ofthe
ResurrectionofChrist.Exult,dance,andbeglad,OJerusalem,forthouhastseenChristtheKingasabridegroomcomeforth
fromthetomb.
Verse:SoletsinnersperishatthepresenceofGod,andlettherighteousbeglad.
THEmyrrh-bearingwomenatdeepdawndrewnightothetomboftheGiveroflife;theyfoundanAngelsittinguponthe
stone,andhe,addressingthem,inthismannerdidsay:WhyseekyetheLivingamongthedead?Whymournyethe
Incorruptibleamidcorruption?Go,proclaimituntoHisdisciples.
Verse:ThisisthedaywhichtheLordhathmade;letusrejoiceandbegladtherein.
APASCHAofdelight,Pascha,theLord’sPascha,anall-venerablePaschahathdawnedforus,aPaschawhereonletusembrace
oneanotherwithjoy.OPascha,ransomfromsorrow!TodayChristhathshoneforthfromthetombasfromabridalchamber,
andhathfilledthewomenwithjoy,saying:ProclaimituntotheApostles.
GLORY;BOTHNOW,PlagalofFirstTone
ITisthedayofResurrection;letusberadiantforthefestival,andletusembraceoneanother.Letussay,Obrethren,evento
thosethathateus:LetusforgiveallthingsontheResurrection;andthusletuscry:Christisrisenfromthedead,trampling
downdeathbydeath,andonthoseinthetombsbestowinglife.
ThenChristisrisenisrepeatedthricemore,andwecontinuechantingituntilthebrethrenhavegreetedeachother.
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HomilyofourFatheramongtheSaintsJohnChrysostom,ArchbishopofConstantinople
FortheHolyandRadiantDayoftheGloriousandSavingResurrectionofChristourGod
MasterBless-IFanybepiousandaloverofGod,lethimdelightinthisfairandradiantfestival.Ifanybeanhonest
servant,lethimcomeinandrejoiceinthejoyofhisLord.Ifanyhaveweariedhimselfwithfasting,lethimnowenjoythe
recompense.Ifanyhaveworkedfromthefirsthour,lethimreceivetodayhisjustreward.Ifanyhavecomeafterthethird,let
himfeastwiththankfulness.Ifanyhavearrivedafterthesixth,innowiselethimbeindoubt;innowayshallhesufferloss.If
anybelaterthantheninth,lethimdrawnigh,lethimnotwaver.Ifanyarriveonlyattheeleventh,lethimnotbefearfulforhis
slowness,fortheMasterismunificentandreceiveththelastevenasthefirst;Hegivethresttohimoftheeleventhevenasto
himwhohathwroughtfromthefirsthour.Heismercifultothelastandprovidethforthefirst;andtothisoneHegiveth,and
tothatoneHeshowethkindness.Hereceiveththeirlaboursandacknowledgeththepurpose,andHehonoureththedeedand
praiseththeintention.Wherefore,enteryeallintothejoyofourLord,andletthefirstandthesecondtakepartinthereward.
Yerichandyepoor,joinhandstogether.Yesoberandyeheedless,dohonourtothisday.Yewhofastandyewhofastnot,be
gladtoday.Thetableisfull:doyeallfaresumptuously.Thecalfisample:letnoonegoforthhungry.Letallenjoythebanquet
ofFaith.Letallenjoythewealthofrighteousness.Letnoonelamenthispoverty,fortheKingdomismademanifesttoall.Let
noonebewailtransgressions,forforgivenesshathdawnedforthfromthetomb.LetnoonebefearfulofDeath,forthedeathof
theSaviourhathsetusfree.HehathquenchedDeathbybeingsubduedbyDeath.HeWhocamedownintoHades,despoiled
Hades;andHadeswasembitteredwhenhetastedofChrist’sFlesh.Isaiah,anticipatingthis,criedoutandsaid:Hadeswas
embitteredwhenbelowhemetTheefacetoface.Hewasembittered,forhewassetatnought.Hewasembittered,forhewas
mocked.Hewasembittered,forhewasslain.Hewasembittered,forhewascastdown.Hewasembittered,forhewas
fettered.Hereceivedabody,andencounteredGod.Hereceivedearth,andmetHeavenfacetoface.Hereceivedwhathesaw,
andfellwhitherhesawnot.ODeath,whereisthysting?OHades,whereisthyvictory?RisenisChrist,andthouart
overthrown.isChrist,andthedemonsarefallen.RisenisChrist,andtheAngelsrejoice..RisenisChrist,andlifedothreign.
RisenisChrist,andthereisnonedeadinthetomb.ForChristisraisedfromthedead,andisbecomethefirst-fruitsofthem
thatslept.ToHimbegloryanddominionuntotheagesofages.Amen.
ThenwechanttheDismissalHymnofSaintJohnChrysostom,Tone8:GRACEshiningforthfromthymouthlikeabeaconhath
illuminedtheuniverse,anddisclosedtotheworldtreasuresofuncovetousness,andshownustheheightsofhumility;but
whilstinstructingusbythywords,OFatherJohnChrysostom,intercedewiththeWord,ChristourGod,tosaveoursouls.
AfterthedismissaltheLiturgybegins:
Epistle:TheActsofStApostles1:1-8
TheformeraccountImade,OTheophilus,ofallthatJesusbeganbothtodoandteach,UntilthedayinwhichHewastakenup,
afterHethroughtheHolySpirithadgivencommandmentstotheapostleswhomHehadchosen,TowhomHealsopresented
HimselfaliveafterHissufferingbymanyinfallibleproofs,beingseenbythemduringfortydaysandspeakingofthethings
pertainingtothekingdomofGod.Andbeingassembledtogetherwiththem,Hecommandedthemnottodepartfrom
Jerusalem,buttowaitforthePromiseoftheFather,"which,"Hesaid,"youhaveheardfromMe;ForJohntrulybaptisedwith
water,butyoushallbebaptisedwiththeHolySpiritnotmanydaysfromnow."Therefore,whentheyhadcometogether,they
askedHim,saying,"Lord,willYouatthistimerestorethekingdomtoIsrael?"AndHesaidtothem,"Itisnotforyoutoknow
timesorseasonswhichtheFatherhasputinHisownauthority.ButyoushallreceivepowerwhentheHolySpirithascome
uponyou;andyoushallbewitnessestoMeinJerusalem,andinallJudeaandSamaria,andtotheendoftheearth."
TOWHOMHEPRESENTEDHIMSELFALIVE
ButwhydidHeappear...onlytotheApostles?Becausetothemanyitwouldhaveseemedamereapparition,inasmuchasthey
didnotunderstandthesecretofthemystery.Forthedisciplesthemselveswereatfirstincredulous...andneededtheevidence
ofactualtouchwiththehand,andofHiseatingwiththem...Forthisreasontherefore,bythemiracleswroughtbytheApostles,
HerenderstheevidenceofHisresurrectionunequivocal...Allmenthereaftershouldbecertain...thatHewasrisen...Butthey
didnot,yousay,performmiracles?Howthenwasourreligioninstituted?
St.JohnChrysostom.HomilyIonActsI,B#55,p.5.
TheGospelAccordingToSt.John1:1-17
InthebeginningwastheWord,andtheWordwaswithGod,andtheWordwasGod.HewasinthebeginningwithGod.All
thingsweremadethroughHim,andwithoutHimnothingwasmadethatwasmade.InHimwaslife,andthelifewasthelight
ofmen.Andthelightshinesinthedarkness,andthedarknessdidnotcomprehendit.TherewasamansentfromGod,whose
namewasJohn.Thismancameforawitness,tobearwitnessoftheLight,thatallthroughhimmightbelieve.Hewasnotthat
Light,butwassenttobearwitnessofthatLight.ThatwasthetrueLightwhichgiveslighttoeverymancomingintotheworld.
Hewasintheworld,andtheworldwasmadethroughHim,andtheworlddidnotknowHim.HecametoHisown,andHis
owndidnotreceiveHim.ButasmanyasreceivedHim,tothemHegavetherighttobecomechildrenofGod,tothosewho
believeinHisname:Whowereborn,notofblood,norofthewilloftheflesh,norofthewillofman,butofGod.AndtheWord
becamefleshanddweltamongus,andwebeheldHisglory,thegloryasoftheonlybegottenoftheFather,fullofgraceand
truth.JohnborewitnessofHimandcriedout,saying,"ThiswasHeofwhomIsaid,'Hewhocomesaftermeispreferredbefore
me,forHewasbeforeme.'"AndofHisfullnesswehaveallreceived,andgraceforgrace.Forthelawwasgiventhrough
Moses,butgraceandtruthcamethroughJesusChrist.
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ANDTHEWORDWASGOD
NowthisisaproofthatChristisGodtheWord,andthePowerofGod.Forwhereashumanbeingscease,andtheword
ofChristabides,itisdeartoalleyesthatwhatceasesistemporary,butthatHewhoabidesisGod,andthetrueSonofGod,His
onlybegottenWord.
St.AthanasiusofAlexandria.OnTheIncarnation,55.B#7,p.109.
ThroughtheincarnationofGodtheLogos,thereenteredintohumannaturetheall-perfectDivineWisdom,theallperfectDivineLogic,andtheall-perfectDivineMind.‘TheWordbecameflesh,’whichmeans:allthetranscendentalDivine
valuesbecameinternaltohumannature,fortheyarecongenialtotheessenceofman’sgodlikesoul.AlltheeternalDivine
values,incarnatedinman,ultimatelymergeintooneimmeasurableandinsuperablevalue:theGod-manChrist.Consequently,
theGod-manisthefirst,thegreatest,themostbasic,andthesupremevalueintheworldofman.Fornothingismorehuman
thantheLordChrist,whopersonifiesinHimselfthemostidealperfectionofallthatistrulyhuman,trulymanlike.
Furthermore,He,astheGod-man,isthemostperfectsynthesisoftheDivineandthehuman...ofthenaturalandthe
supernatural,ofthephysicalandthemetaphysical,oftherealandtheideal.InHim,beingtheGod-man,therewascreatedand
preservedinthemostidealwayanequilibriumbetweentheDivineandthehuman;andpreservedtogetherwiththiswasthe
autonomyofwhatisofmanandhuman,aswellastheautonomyofwhatisofGodanddivine...
WhatespeciallymakestheGod-manChristthevalueaboveallvaluesisthefactthatHeisthefirstandonlyoneto
solvecompletelytheproblemoflifeanddeath...havingactuallydemonstratedinHisDivine-humanpersonincarnate,
humanisedimmortalityandlifeeternal.HedemonstratedandprovedthispowerfullyindeedbyHisresurrectionfromthe
deadandascensionintotheeternallifeoftheGodhead...
‘HecameintoHisown.’YethowaretheyHispeopleunlessbyreasonoftheirgodlikesoul?...Byacknowledgingthe
God-man,weindirectlyacknowledgetheChristlikenessofman.thedivinedescentofman,thedivineelevationofman...The
strugglefortheGod-manisthestruggleforman.Nothumanists,butmenofdivine-humanfaithandlifearestrugglingfortrue
man,godlikeandChristlikeman.
ArchimandriteJustinPopovic.TheSupremeValueandInfallibleCriterion,B#80A,Vol.4,pp.114,116,138.
AndHeiscalledtheWord,becauseHeisrelatedtotheFatheraswordtomind...Perhaps,too,thisrelationmightbe
comparedtothatbetweenthedefinitionandthethingdefinedsincethisalsoiscalledlogos.For,itsays,hewhohasmental
perceptionoftheSon(forthisisthemeaningof‘hasseen’)hasalsoperceivedtheFather;andtheSonisaconcise
demonstrationandeasysettingforthoftheFather’snature.ForeverythingthatisbegottenisasilentwordofHimwhobegat
it..HeisalsocalledWisdom,astheknowledgeofthingsdivineandhuman...AndPower,asthesustainerofallcreatedthings
andthefurnishertothemofpowertokeepthemselvestogether.AndTruth...andasthepuresealoftheFatherandHismost
unerringimpress.AndtheImage,asofonesubstancewithHim...Forthisisthenatureofanimage,tobethereproductionof
itsarchetype.
St.GregoryofNazianzus.FourthTheologicalOration,20.B#7,p.191.
SincetheexilefromparadiseandthedispersionofBabel,humanlanguagehaslostitstransparency.Wordshave
becomevoidoftruth...ButtheWordofGodwasmadeflesh,hasbecomehumanword.Itwasabecomingwhichwasprepared
stepbystepfromthecreationrightuptothefiatoftheVirgin,preparedthroughcontinuousandsuccessiverevelations...The
imageofGodhasneverbeentotallyerasedfrommankindbytheprimaltransgressionandfall.Initsincarnation,theWordof
God-clothedinhumanfleshandinhumanlanguage-possessesanefficacywhichisbothspiritualandsacramental...
Theprimaryaim[ofChristianlanguage]istoexpressanddescribethemysteryofChrist:themysteryofHis
incarnation,ofhisredemptivePassover,andofHissacramentalpresenceintheChurchforthelifeoftheworld,untilHis
secondgloriouscoming...Wemayaffirmquiteclearlythatthetrinitarianrevelationinitsentiretyproceedsfromthecoming
andthepresenceofChrist,inwhomandthroughwhomandbywhomwediscovertheloveoftheFatherandthepowerofthe
Spirit.Inthefirstplace,allnames,titles,attributesofGod,allbiblicaltypesandfigurespertaintoJesus,thedivineLogos.
ArchpriestBorisBobrinskoy,RevelationoftheSpirit,LanguagebeyondWords.Sobornost,Vol.8No.1,1986.
SaintsoftheWeek
BrightWeek–FastFreeWeek
3/16April—StNicetastheConfessor-HewasborninBithynia,inthetownofCaesarea.Hisfather,Philaret,losinghis
wife,becameamonk.Nicetasremainedwithhispaternalgrandmother.Afterhehadgrownupandfinishedhisschooling,he
wenttoamonasteryinMidikion,whereNicephorus,theabbot,tonsuredhimasamonk.Aftersevenyearsoftoiland
asceticism,hewasordainedhieromonkbyPatriarchTarasius.AfterthedeathsofNicephorusandNicetas'sgreatfriend,
Athanasius,thebrethrenchoseNicetasasabbot,muchagainsthiswill.StNicetaswasaholyexampleoflifeandasceticismto
hisbrethrenformanyyears.ButwhenLeoV,theArmenian,cametothethrone,followingthedevoutEmpressIreneandthe
piousEmperorsNicephorusandMichael,theiconoclastheresysprangupagain.TheEmperordeposedPatriarchNicephorus
andsenthimintoexile,andinhisplaceputaheretic,TheodotusCassiteras,amanofimpurelife.Nicetaswasimprisonedand
tortured,butremainedunwaveringinhisOrthodoxy.Hewastakenfromprisontoprisonandtorturedbyhungerandthirst,
bycoldandheatandmalice.Butheremainedutterlyunwavering.AcertainNicolaspesteredhimparticularlywithhis
derisionandmalice.ButonenightthedeadfatherofthisNicolasappearedtohiminadreamandsaid:'Leavethatservantof
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Godalone!'FromthatmomentNicolasrepented,andnotonlyrefrainedfrompesteringhimbutpreventedothersdoing
likewise.WhentheEmperorLeotheArmenianhadmadeanevilend,thethronepassedtotheOrthodoxEmperorMichael
Balbus,whofreedalltheOrthodoxsufferers.NicetasretiredtoalonelyplacenearConstantinople,wherehespentthe
remainingdaysofhisearthlylifeinprayerandthanksgivingtoGod.Whenhedied,hisbodywastakentohismonasteryand,
duringthatjourney,manyofthesick,ontouchinghisbody,werehealed.Hisrelicswereplacedclosetothegravesofhis
spiritualfather,Nicephorus,andhisfriendAthanasius.Thisgreathierarchenteredintorestin824;StPaultheWretched;
TheHolyMartyrUlphianus-ayoungmanfromthecityofTyre.HesufferedforChristatthehandsofUrban,themayorof
thecityofTyre,whoalsowasthetorturerofAmphianus[April2].Finally,hewastiedinasackalongwithadogandasnake
andtossedintothesea.Hesufferedandwasglorifiedintheyear306A.D.
4/17April—OurHolyFatherJosephtheHymnographer-HewasborninSicilyofdevoutandvirtuousparents,Plotinus
andAgatha.Afterthedeathofhisparents,hemovedtoSalonica,wherehebecameamonk.Asamonk,hewasanexampleto
allinfasting,restraint,ceaselesssupplication,psalmody,vigilsandtoil.TheBishopofSalonicaordainedhimhieromonk.The
famousGregoryofDecapolis,visitingSalonica,lovedJosephwithheartandsoulforhisrarecharacter,andtookhimbackwith
himtohismonasteryinConstantinople.WhentheflameoficonoclasmsprangupagainunderLeotheArmenian,Josephwas
senttoRometocallthePopeandtheRomanChurchtobattleforthetrueFaith.Butpiratescapturedhimonthewayandtook
himtoCrete,wherehewaskeptinprisonforsixyearsbytheheretics.Josephrejoicedthathewasmadeworthytosufferfor
Christ,andthankedGodconstantly,regardingtheironchainswithwhichhewasboundasgoldenornaments.Inthesixth
year,aroundChristmas,thewickedEmperorwasmurderedatthemorningserviceinchurch.Atthesamemoment,StNicolas
appearedtoJosephintheprisonandsaidtohim:'Getupandfollowme.'Josephfelthimselfliftedupintheair,andfound
himselfallatonceinConstantinople.HisarrivalwasasourceofrejoicingtoalltheOrthodoxfaithful.HecomposedCanons
andhymnsformanyofthesaints.Hehadthegiftofinsight,becauseofwhichPatriarchPhotiusmadehimspiritualfatherand
confessortohispriests,recommendinghimas'amanofGod,anangelintheflesh,afatheroffathers'.Ingreatoldage,hegave
hissoulintothehandsoftheGodhehadservedsofaithfullyinworkandsong.HediedpeacefullyontheeveofHolyThursday
in883;
TheHolyMartyrPherbutha-DuringthereignofthePersianEmperorSaborius,St.Simeon,thebishop,wasslain.Atthe
wishoftheempress,Pherbutha,thesisterofBishopSimeon,wastakentothepalace.Pherbuthawasexceptionallybeautiful
andbecauseofthatmanysuitorsthrongedtoheramongwhomweremanypaganpriestsandsoothsayers.Pherbutharejected
themallandprovokedmuchangeragainstherself.Atthattime,theempressbecameillandallthepaganpriestsexplainedto
theemperorthattheempresswaspoisonedbyPherbuthaand,asacurefortheailingempress,theyrecommendedthe
following:thatPherbutha,hersisterandtheirslave,asChristians,besawnandthatthreepartsoftheirbodiesbeplacedon
onesideandthreepartsontheothersideandthattheempressshouldbebornebetweenthem.Theemperoragreedtothe
recommendationoftheseblood-thirstypaganpriests.Pherbutha,togetherwithhersisterandtheirslave,sufferedforChrist
intheyear343A.D.,therebyearningtheincorruptiblewreathintheeternalkingdomoftheirLord;OurHolyFatherZossima;
OurHolyFather,theMartyrNicetas-aSlavfromAlbania.AsamonkoftheHolyMountain(Mt.Athos),hewenttoSerres
wherehedebatedwiththeMullahsaboutreligion.Beingthattheycouldnotovercomehimwithreason,theTurkssubjected
himtotortureunderwhichNicetas,theholyone,diedandgaveuphissoultohisGodintheyear1808A.D.
5/18April—TheHolyMartyrsAgathopousandTheodulus-Thefirstwasadeaconandthesecondareaderinthe
ChurchinSalonica;thefirstadornedwiththewhitehairsofageandthesecondwiththechastityofyouth.Inthetimeof
Diocletian'shuntingofChristians,thesetwoweresummonedfortrial.Theywenttherejoyfully,and,eachholdingtheotherby
thehand,wentincrying:'WeareChristians!'Thewholecourt'surgingthemtodenyChristandworshipidolswasinvain.
Afterlongimprisonmentandstarvation,theywerecondemnedtodeathbydrowninginthesea.Theirhandswerebound
behindthemandalargestonetiedtotheirnecks,andtheyweretakenofftobedrowned.Whentheywenttothrow
Agathopousintothedepths,hecriedout:'Lo,byasecondbaptismwearewashedfromalloursins,andwillgocleansedto
ChristJesus!'Theseaquicklythrewtheirdrownedbodiesontotheshore,andChristiansgavethemburial.StTheodulus
appearedtohisfriendsintheformofashiningangelinwhiteraimentandcommandedthemtodistributeallhisremaining
goodstothepoor.ThesegreatsoldiersofChristsufferedwithhonourundertheEmperorDiocletianandFaustinus,the
governorofSalonica,intheyear303;
OurHolyFatherMarkofTrache-alsocalled"MarktheAthenian"becauseAthenswastheplaceofhisbirth.Hisparents
diedafterhecompletedhishighereducationinAthens.Hethoughttohimselfthatdeath,evenforhimself,wasunavoidable
andthatoneshouldsufficientlypreparebeforehandforthathonourabledeparturefromthisworld.Distributingallofhis
possessionstothepoor,hesatonaplankintheseaandwithatenaciousfaithinGod'shelp,prayedthatGoddirecthim
whereverHewills.God,inHisProvidence,protectedhimandbroughthimtoLybia(orEthiopia)toamountaincalledTrache.
Marklivedanasceticallifeonthismountainforninety-fiveyears,seeingneithermannorbeast.Forthirtyyears,hewageda
violentcombatwithevilspiritsandsufferedfromhunger,thirst,frostandheat.Heatedirtanddrankseawater.Afterthirty
yearsofthemostvehementsuffering,thedefeateddemonsfledfromhimandaangelofGodbegantobringhimfooddailyin
theformofbread,fishandfruit.St.Serapionvisitedhimbeforehisdeathand,afterward,madeknownthemiraculouslifeof
Mark.MarkaskedSt.Serapion:"ArethereanyChristiansintheworldnow,who,iftheyweretosaytothismountain,`Arise
fromhereandhurlyourselfintothesea,'woulditbeso?"Atthatmoment,themountainuponwhichtheystoodmovedinthe
directionofthesea.Markraisedhishandandstoppedit.Suchwasthemiracle-workingpowerwhichthismanofGod
possessed.Beforehisdeath,heprayedforthesalvationofmankindandthengaveuphissoultoGod.St.Serapionsawangels
astheyboreMark'ssoulandhealsosawanextendedhandfromheavenwhichreceivedit.St.Marklivedtobeone-hundred
thirtyyearsoldanddiedabouttheyear400A.D.
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6/19April—StEutychius,PatriarchofConstantinople-BorninPhrygiaofdevoutparents,hewasthesonofanofficer.
Once,Eutychiuswasplayingwithsomeotherchildrenofhisownage,theirgamebeingtowritetheirnamesonawallandput
besidethemtherankthattheyreckonedtheywouldhaveinlife.WhenEutychius'turncame,hewrote:'Eutychius—
Patriarch!'HebecameabbotofamonasteryinAmaseaattheageofthirty,andtenyearslatertheMetropolitanofAmaseasent
himtotheFifthEcumenicalCouncilin553ashisrepresentative.AttheCouncil,heshonelikeabrightstaramongtheChurch
fathers,bothforhislearningandhisdevotion.Whenaquarrelaroseaboutwhetherhereticscouldbeanathematisedafter
theirdeathsornot,hesupportedhisbeliefthattheycouldbycitingIIIKings(A.V.IKings)13:1-8,andIVKings(A.V.IIKings)
23:16.HebecamegreatlylikedbybothEmperorJustinianandPatriarchMenas.TheEmperorveryfrequentlyturnedtohim
foradvice,andMenas(atthattimeveryrich)designatedhimhisheirandaskedtheEmperortoensurethatthishappened.
Andsoitcametopass.EutychiusgovernedtheChurchinpeacefortwelveyears.Butthenthedevilraisedastormagainsthim.
ThisstormreachedtheEmperorJustinianhimself.TheEmperorwasdeludedandfellintotheMonophysiteheresyof
Aphthartodocetism,whichtaughtthefalsehoodthattheLordJesus,beforetheResurrection,hadadivineanduncorrupting
body,notfeelinghungerorthirstorpain.Eutychiusstoodfirmlyagainstthisheresy,forwhichtheEmperorsenthiminto
exiletohisfirstmonastery.ThereEutychiuslivedfortwelveyearsandeightmonths,beingshowntobeagreatwonder-
worker,healingpeopleofvariousdiseasesbyhisprayersandbyanointingwithholyoil.Justinianrepentedanddied,andhis
successor,JustinII,calledEutychiusbacktothepatriarchalthrone,onwhichthissaintremainedtillhisdeath,governingthe
ChurchofGodinpeace.In582,attheageofseventy,hewenttotheKingdomofChristtheLord;theLordwhomhehadserved
sofaithfullyandcourageouslyallhislife;
TheOneHundredandTwentyMartyrsinPersia-WhenthePersianEmperorSaporplunderedthelandsofByzantium,he
enslavedone-hundredtwentyChristians.SincehisattemptstopersuadethemtodenyChristandworshipfireprovedtobein
vain,theemperortossedthemintothefireandburnedthemalive.Amongthosemartyrs,wereninevirginsdedicatedtoGod.
Theyallsufferedhonourablybetweentheyears344A.D.and347A.D.andtookuphabitationinthemansionsofChristthe
King.;St.GovanofCornwall.
7/20April—StGeorgetheConfessor-Forhisgreatvirtues,whichheacquiredthroughlongasceticism,Georgewas
chosenandinstalledasMetropolitanofMitylene.Andthissaintgovernedhisflockwithzealandwisdomtooldage.Butwhen
apersecutionaroseunderLeoV,theArmenian,whodestroyedtheholyicons,thisholyelderwassummonedbytheEmperor
toConstantinople,totheCouncilofbishopswhichwassummoned,attheEmperor'sdesire,toputastoptothevenerationof
icons.ButGeorgenotonlyrefusedtoactaccordingtotheEmperor'sdesire;he,togetherwithsomeothercourageousbishops,
stoodupindefenceoftheholyicons.ForthishewasheldinderisionbytheEmperorandexiledtotheregionofCherson,
where,inphysicalpainandeverysortofneed,hespenttheremainderofhisearthlylife.Hediedandwenttoimmortallifein
about816.Hewasawonderworkerbothduringhislifeandafterhisdeath,throughhisgreatrighteousnessandloveforthe
LordJesus.
OurHolyFatherNilSorsky-NilisoneofthegreatFathersoftheRussianChurch.HewasthefounderoftheScetewayof
monasticlifeinRussia.Hediedpeacefullyintheyear1508A.D.HisrelicsreposeintheSorskyMonastery.His"RuleofLife"
forthe"Scete"wayofmonasticlivingrepresentsafirst-classworkonthespiritualandpracticallifeofamonk;
TheHolyMartyrCalliopius-anonlysongrantedbyGodtoasenatorfromPergainPamphyliaafterthesenatorhadshed
manytearsinprayer.Fromhisearlyyouthhisdevoutmother,Theoclea,taughthimtorespectGodandtoliveachastelife.
CalliopiuswasstillayoungsterwhenaterriblepersecutionbeganduringthereignofEmperorMaximian.Tosparehimfrom
death,hismotherplacedhiminaboat,gavehimanampleamountofmoneyandsawhimofftothecityofPompeiopolis.
However,GodinHisDivineProvidence,planneditotherwise.LandinginPompeiopolishefellintothemidstofatumultuous
polytheisticcelebration.WhenCalliopiusrefusedtoparticipateinthisridiculousfeast,attheinsistenceofthecrazedmob,he
waspushedtowardMaximusthecommander,beforewhomCalliopiusconfessedthathewasaChristian.Thecommander
orderedthatCalliopiusbebeatenwithleadcanesandburnedbyfire.Woundedthroughout,theycasthimintoprison.
Learningaboutthetorturesofherson,Theocleadistributedherentireestatetothepoorandneedyandwithapaltrysumof
moneyhurriedtohersoninprison.Uponenteringtheprison,Theocleaboweddownbeforehersonanddressedhiswounds.
Finally,thecommanderpronouncedtheultimatesentence.Calliopiuswastobecrucifiedonacross.Joyandpainintermingled
intheheartofhismother.Whentheybroughthersontotheplaceofexecution,sheslippedfivepiecesofgoldtothe
executionerstohavehersoncrucified,notastheLordwas,butratherupsidedown.Theocleadidthisoutofhumilitybefore
theLord.CalliopiuswascrucifiedupsidedownonHolyThursday.Hismotherstoodbeneaththecross-givingpraisetoGod.
Onetheseconddaywhentheyremovedhislifelessbodyfromthecross,shefelluponhersonandshe,herself,died.Thus,
thesetwowentbeforetheThroneoftheKingofGlorytogether.Theyhonourablysufferedintheyear304A.D.;
OurHolyFatherDanielofPereyaslavl–hehad,asauniqueformofmortification,thatofcaringforthedead.Wheneverhe
heardthatsomeonewasfoundfrozentodeathorthathaddiedinsomeothermanner,Danielwouldhastentoburyhim
decentlyandtoofferprayerstoGodforhim.Hediedpeacefullyintheyear1540A.D.Hisrelicsremainintact.;OurHolyFather
GregorytheSinaite.
8/21April—TheHolyApostlesHerodion,Agabus,Rufus,Asyncritus,PhlegonandHermas-Theywereallamongthe
Seventy,andareallmentionedbyStPaulinhisEpistles.HerodionwasakinsmanofPaul's:'SaluteHerodionmykinsman',he
writestotheRomans(16:11).HerodionsufferedgreatlyatthehandsoftheJewsasBishopofNeoparthia;hewasbeaten
aboutthehead,stonedonthemouthandstabbedinthelegs.Whentheyhadlefthimfordead,StHerodionaroseand
continuedtoservetheapostles.HehelpedtheApostlePeterinRome,andwasbeheadedalongwithmanyotherChristianson
thesamedaythatPeterwascrucified.StAgabushadaspiritofprophecy.TwoofhispropheciesarerecordedintheActsofthe
Apostles.First,heprophesiedagreatfaminethroughouttheworld,whichcametopassinthetimeofClaudiusCaesar(Acts
11:2~).ThesecondwaswhenhemettheApostlePaulinCaesarea.PaulwasonhiswaytoJerusalem,andAgabustookPaul's
girdleandboundhimselfhandandfoot,saying:'ThussaiththeHolySpirit:soshalltheJewsatJerusalembindthemanthat
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owneththisgirdle'(21:11).StRufuswasBishopofThebesinGreece.TheApostlePaulmentionshimalso:'SaluteRufus,
chosenintheLord'(Rom.16:13).StAsyncritus(Rom.16:14)wasBishopofHyrcaniainAsia.StPhlegon,whoismentionedin
thesameplaceasStRufus,wasbishopintheThraciancityofMarathon.StHermas,mentionedwiththeothers,wasbishopin
Dalmatia.Allthese,withbee-likeindustry,spreadtheGospel,sufferinggreatlyfortheloveofChrist.Theyallwenttothe
eternalKingdomoftheirbelovedChrist;
StNiphon,BishopofNovgorod-distinguishedbyhisgreatenthusiasminconstructingandrestoringthechurchesofGod
andbyshowinggreatcourageinopposingthestancesofthetyrannicalprinces.Thirteendaysbeforehisdeath,St.Theodosius
appearedtoNiphonandannouncedhisimminentpassingovertotheotherworld.Hediedintheyear1156A.D.;StCelestine,
BishopofRome.
9/22April—TheHolyMartyrEupsychius-Hewasofgentlebirthandwasrearedinfaithanddevotion.Inthetimeofthe
EmperorJuliantheApostate,whenStBasiltheGreatwasgoverningtheChurchinCaesarea,Eupsychiusmarriedagirlofgood
family.Buthewasnotgivenevenonedaytoliveinwedlock,for,onhisweddingdayitself,therewasapaganfestivalwith
sacrificestotheidolofFortune.Eupsychiuswentoutwithsomeothersandsmashedalltheidolsinthetemple,thenpulled
downthetempleitself.Julianwasfurious,andcommandedthattheculpritsbebeheaded,thatmanyChristiansbetakeninto
thearmy,thatanenormouslevybeimposedonChristians,theproceedsofwhichweretobeusedtorebuildtheTempleof
Fortune,andthatthetownceasetobecalledCaesarea(asithadbeennamedbyClaudiusCaesar),andreverttoitsformer
name,Maza.Eupsychiuswasfirstboundtoatreeandcruellytortured,andthenbeheaded,in362.Alittleafterthistime,the
wickedEmperorJulianvisitedthattownonhiswaytoPersia,againstwhichhewaswagingwar.StBasilwenttomeethim,
bearingthreebarleyloavesasasignofhonourandwelcome.TheEmperororderedthat,asareturngift,thesaintbegivena
fistfulofhay.BasilsaidtotheEmperor:'Youridiculeusnow,OKing;webringyoubread,bywhichwearefed,andyougiveus
miserablefoodwhichyou,withallyourpower,arenotabletoturnintonourishmentformen!'TothistheEmperorreplied:
'YoucanbesurethatIwillfeedyouwiththishaywhenIreturnfromPersia!'Butthewickedapostatedidnotreturnalive
fromPersia,butperishedtherebyafittingandun-naturaldeath;
OurHolyFatherVadimtheMartyr-DuringthereignofthePersianEmperorSapor,Vadim,theabbotofacertainmonastery
andamanfamousforhisgenerositywascastintoprisonwithsevenofhisdisciples.WiththeminprisonwasacertainPrince
NirsanwhowasalsoaChristian.Everydaytheyweretakenoutandbeaten.PrinceNirsanbecameterrifiedandpromisedto
denytheFaithandworshipthesun.ThiswasgratifyingtoSaporandhepromisedtogiveNirsan,amongotherthings,the
entireestateofVadim'smonasteryifhewouldbeheadVadimbyhisownhand.Nirsanagreestothis.Withaquiveringhand
andfrightenedbythemajesticcountenanceofSt.Vadim,hestruckthisholymanwiththeswordmanytimesontheneckuntil
hefinallybeheadedhim.Shortlyafterthat,Nirsansuccumbedtodespairandstabbedhimselfwiththeswordandreceivedat
hisownhand,theduepunishmentforthemurderoftherighteousone.St.Vadimsufferedintheyear376A.D.;St.Woutruide.
Availableonthenetathttp://www.saintjonah.org/bltn/orat
http://www.roq.org.au/bulletins.htmlwhereyoucansubscribetotheemaillist.
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