History Project
Jiang Jieshi
F.4B
Chan Wai Yin ( 21 ) Lau Sze Man ( 30 )
Leung Lai Ting ( 32 ) Pang Ting Kuen ( 35 )
Tsui Siu Yi ( 37 ) Wong Chi Ho ( 38 )
Wong Im Keng ( 39 ) Wu Hei Tung ( 41 )
The History
of
Jiang Jieshi
Given names
Register name : Zhoutai (周泰)
Milk name : Ruiyuan (瑞元)
School name : Zhiqing (志清),
later Zhongzheng (中正)
Courtesy name : Jieshi (介石)
Kai-shek in Cantonese Romanization
Early
life
Early life
Born in the town of Xikou,
in Fenghua County, Ningbo
Prefecture, Zhejiang
Province in 1887 .
Zhejiang
The ancestral home (祖籍)
of Jiang Jieshi, was the town
of Heqiao (和橋鎮), in Yixing
County, Wuxi Prefecture,
Jiangsu Province
His parents were
Jiang Zhaocong (蔣肇
聰) and Wang Caiyu
(王采玉), part of a
upper-middle class
family of salt
merchants.
His father died
when he was only
three
Wang Caiyu (王采玉)
In an arranged marriage, Jiang was married
to fellow villager Mao Fumei (毛福梅, 1882–
1939). Jiang and Mao had a son, Ching-Kuo, and
a daughter, Chien-hua (建華).
Mao Fumei (毛福梅, 18821939) Died in the SinoJapanese War during a
bombardment.
Chiang Ching-Kuo
Grew up in an era where military
defeats had left China
destabilized and in debt, and he
decided to join the military.
Began his military education at
the Paoting Military Academy in
1906.
Left Academy in 1907. There, he
was influenced by his compatriots
Flag of late Qing
to support the revolutionary
dynasty, 1890-1912
movement to overthrow the Qing
Dynasty and set up a Chinese
republic.
He befriended fellow
Zhejiang native Chen Qimei
and in 1908, Chen brought
Jiang to the Revolutionary
Alliance.
Jiang served in the Imperial
Japanese Army from 1909 to
1911.
Ensign of the Imperial
Japanese Army.
The Tongmenghui
During Wuchang Uprising in
1911, Jiang Jieshi returned to
China to fight in the
revolution as an artillery
officer.
The flag of the
Kuomintang, consists
of a twelve ray sun to
symbolize the spirit of
progress.
He served in the
revolutionary forces, and it
was ultimately successful in
overthrowing the Qing
Dynasty
Jiang became a founding
member of the Guomintong.
After takeover of the
Republican government by Yuan
Shikai and the failed Second
Revolution, Jiang, divided his
time between exile in Japan
and haven in Shanghai's foreign
concession areas.
In 1915, Jiang succeeded to
be the leader of the Chinese
Revolutionary Party in Shanghai.
In 1917 , Sun Yixian moved
his base of operations to
Guangzhou and Jiang joined him
in 1918.
Yuan Shikai
On June 16, 1923, Sun and
his wife Song Qingling
narrowly escaped under heavy
machine gun fire, only to be
rescued by gunboats under the
direction of Jiang Jieshi . The
incident earned in Jiang Jieshi
the trust of Sun Yixian.
Dr sun delivered a speech
in Huangpu military
Academy
In 1924, Sun sent Jiang
Jieshi to study the Soviet
political and military system in
Moscow. Jiang Jieshi returned
to Guangzhou and in 1924
becamer the Commandant of
the Huangpu Military
Academy.
The early years at Huangpu
allowed Jiang to cultivate a
cadre of young officers loyal
to him and by 1925 Jiang's
proto-army was scoring
victories against local rivals in
Guangdong province.
After Sun Yixian's death in
1925, a power struggle ensued
between Chiang, who leaned
towards the right wing of the
GMD, and Sun Yixian's close
comrade-in-arms Wang Jingwei,
who leaned towards the left
wing of the party.
Wang Jingwei
In a pairing of much political
significance, Jiang married on
December 1, 1927 Soong Maylingin in Japan and thus
positioned himself as Sun
Yixian's brother-in-law.
Soong Mayling
Jiang Jieshi
&
Soong Mayling
To please Soong's parents,
Jiang had to first divorce his
first wife and concubines and
promise to eventually convert
to Christianity. He was
baptized in 1929
The success
of
Jiang Jieshi
Jiang Jieshi
succeeded in carrying
out the North
Expedition and gained
nominal control of China.
Began the period of
"political tutelage"
under the dictatorship
of the Guomindang.
Jiang Jieshi carried
out some modernization
programmes to
modernize China.
Establishment of
communications
facilities encouraged a
sense of unity and pride
among the people
Modernized the legal and penal systems, stabilize prices,
amortize debts, reform the banking and currency systems,
build railroads and highways, improve public health facilities,
legislate against traffic in narcotics, and augment industrial
and agricultural production.
The New Life Movement was launched to stress Confucian
moral values and personal discipline.
The failure
of
Jiang Jieshi
He failed to
improve the
livelihood of
peasants ,
introduced
democracy and
stopped foreign
invasion through the
modernization
programmes .
After the Japanese
surrender in 1945, civil
war between the
nationalists and
communists erupted
December 1949 , the
nationalist failed . Jiang
and his followers took
refuge on the island of
Taiwan, maintaining a large
army in the hope of
reclaiming the mainland.
Jiang's dream of
counterattacking the
mainland after the
Communist takeover
had never fulfilled,
who eventually died in
Taiwan in 1975 .
The Modernization
Programmes
of
Nanjing Government
Five main aspects :
-Political aspect
-Military aspect
-Economic aspect
-Social aspect
-Diplomatic aspect
Achievement:
Stabilized administration
Encouraged traders to run business to
earn profit
Modernized and civilized citizens
Achievement:
Had the ability to fight against warlords,
communists and Japan
Restored sovereignty ( i.e. land, tariff,
legal system)
Limitations:
Corruption in warlords and government
Inadequate social and economic reforms
Warlords ( Feng Yuxiang , Yan Xishan) still
existed
Could not improve people‘s livelihood and
it was still poor
Limitations:
Too much currencies with no support
caused inflation
Unstable condition because of civil wars
Invasion of Japan
Evaluations
of
Jiang Jieshi
Jiang Jieshi was an important person of China,
his success and failure would affect China.
Although Jiang Jieshi
is clearly one of the
major figures of
modern Chinese history,
he never achieved the
revered status of Sun
Yixian.
Appearing cold and
remote in public, he also
was saddled by the
image of his great
defeat of 1949.
He aimed to unify China by breaking out civil war
with Communist Party , but it could not succeed and
even led to the division of China － China and Taiwan
In China and elsewhere there has been a growing
sense of appreciation for the unity Chiang established
in the chaos of the warlord era and for his leadership
in World War II.
Information
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiang_Kaishek
http://www.efu.com/simple/index.php?t63030.html
http://www.mypcera.com/book/ji/p/jiangjies
hi/index.html
http://cul.sohu.com/20040728/n221241253.
shtml
http://military.china.com/zh_cn/history2/0
6/11027560/20051008/12720117.html