One World Education-LDC Module: Deforestation in the Amazon Information Sheet for Argumentation Module Module title: Deforestation i n the Amazon Module description (overview): Template task (include nu mber, type, level): Teachi ng task: Grade(s)/Level: Stude nts w ill be i ntroduced to the practice of deforestation i n the Amazon region. After reading, reflecting, and e ngagi ng in dialogue analyzing the cause and effect relations hips of deforestation, stude nts will craft a persuasive essay convincing others of the dangers of Amazonian deforestation. Task 8: Argume ntation [ I nsert question] After reading ________ (literature or informational texts) on ________ (conte nt), write a/an________ (essay or substitute) that ide ntifies a problem________ (conte nt) and argues for a solution ________ (conte nt). Support your position w ith evide nce from the text(s). L2 Be sure to examine competing views. Task 8: Argume ntation [Why is protecting the rai nforest so important?] After reading the Stude nt Reflection and other articles on deforestation, write an argume ntative essay that ide ntifies the problem of damaging practices and argues for a solution to deforestation. Support your position w ith evide nce from the text(s). L2 Be sure to examine competing views. th th th 6 ,7 ,8 Discipline: Englis h Language Arts, Social Studies Course: Author(s): One World Education Contact i nformation: w w w .one worldeducation.org LDC Argumentatio n Module Template | © Literacy Desi g n Collaborative, September 2011 www.oneworldeducation.org Explore, Learn, Share, Teach... One World Education 1 Section 1: What Task? TEACHING TASK Task 8: Argume ntation [Why is protecting the rai nforest so important?] After reading the Stude nt Reflection and other Teachi ng articles on deforestation, write an argume ntative essay that ide ntifies the problem of damaging practices and argues Task for a solution to deforestation. Support your position w ith evide nce from the text(s). L2 Be sure to examine competing views. Deforestation is occurring at a rapid speed across the Amazon, the world’s largest rainforest. Every day, plants and Backgrou nd animals are becoming extinct from this practice. Indige nous tribes are losing their homes and the ir livelihoods. Many to s hare people do not realize that their consumer practices e nable deforestation to continue. w ith stude nts: Reading Emma’s One World Reflection-Deforestation i n the Amazon: http://w w w.one worldeducation.org/deforestation-amazon texts: Rainforest Alliance (I nformation on gree n living): http://w w w.rainforest-alliance.org/gree n-living Forest Stewards hip Cou ncil (List of certified products): http://w w w.fsc.org/be-part-of-solution. html Amazon Watch (Ne ws about indige nous groups and conservation): http://amazon watch.org/ National Geograp hic Rainforest Threat Page: http://e nvironme nt.nationalgeographic.com/e nvironme nt/habitats/rainforest-threats/ National Geograp hic Deforestation Page: http://e nvironme nt.nationalgeographic.com/e nvironme nt/globalwarming/deforestation-overvie w.html Defi nition of Clear Cutting: http://e n.w ikipedia.org/wiki/Clear_cutting Defi nition of Deforestation: http://e n.w ikipedia.org/w iki/Deforestation Extension (optional): Provide stude nts with access to the Rainforest Alliance’s website. Stude nts can research ways to support rainforest sustainability in their everyday lives - includi ng purchasi ng certified products that are produced i n sustainable ways. Stude nts can promote such products and lifestyle choices to their peers in various forms (i ntercom/special an nou nceme nts, posters/fliers, “ne ws confere nce” for grade level, etc). COMMON CORE STATE STANDARDS REA DING S T ANDARDS FO R AR GU M ENTA T I ON “Built-in” Rea ding Stand ards “When Ap pr o priate ” Rea ding Stand ar ds (a p plic a ble in bl a ck ) 1- Read closely to determi ne w hat the text says explicitly and to 3- Analyze how and w hy individuals, eve nts, and ideas develop make logical infere nces from it; cite specific textual evide nce and interact over the course of a text. w he n writing or speaking to support conclusion s draw n from the text. 2- Determine ce ntral ideas or themes of a text and analyze their developme nt; summarize the key supporting details and ideas. 5- Analyze the structure of texts, including how specific se nte nces, paragraphs, and larger portions of the text (e.g., section, chapter, sce ne, or stanza) relate to each other and the w hole. 4- I nterpret words and phrases as they are used i n a text, 6- Assess how point of view or purpose s hapes the conte nt and LDC Argumentatio n Module Template | © Literacy Desig n Collaborative, September 2011 2 i ncluding determini ng tech nical, con notative, and figurative meani ngs, and analyze how specific word choices s hape meani ng or tone. style of a text. 10- Read and comprehe nd complex literary and informational texts indepe nde ntly and proficie ntly. 7- I ntegrate and evaluate conte nt prese nted in diverse formats and media, including visually and quantitatively, as well as i n words. 8- Delineate and evaluate the argume nt and specific claims in a text, including the validity of the reasoni ng as well as the relevance and sufficie ncy of the evide nce. 9- Analyze how two or more texts address similar themes or topics i n order to build knowledge or to compare the approaches the authors take. WR I T I NG S T ANDARDS FO R AR GUM ENTA T I O N “Built-in” Writing Stand ards “When Ap pr o priate ” Writing Stand ards ( a p plic a ble in bl a ck ) 1- Write argume nts to support claims in an analysis of substantive 2- Write informative/explanatory texts to examine and convey topics or texts, usi ng valid reasoni ng and relevant and sufficie nt complex ideas and information clearly and accurately through the evide nce. effective selection, organization, and analysis of conte nt. 4- Produce clear and cohere nt writing in w h ich the developme nt, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audie nce. 3- Write narratives to develop real or imagi ned experie nces or events usi ng effective tech nique, well-chose n details, and wellstructured event seque nces. 5- Develop and strengthe n writing as needed by plan ni ng, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a ne w approach. 6- Use tech nology, including the I nternet, to produce and publis h writing and to interact and collaborate with others. 9- Draw evide nce from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research. 7- Conduct s hort as well as more sustained research projects based on focused questions, demonstrating u nderstandi ng of the subject u nder investigation. 10- Write routinely over extended time frames (time for research, reflection, and revision) and s horter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of tasks, purposes, and audie nce. 8- Gather relevant information from multiple print and digital sources, assess the credibility and accuracy of each source, and i ntegrate the information w h ile avoiding plagiarism. LDC Argumentatio n Module Template | © Literacy Desig n Collaborative, September 2011 3 SCORING RUBRIC FOR ARGUMENTATION TEMPLATE TASKS Not Yet Approaches Expectations Scoring 1. 2. Eleme nts 1 2 5 5 Focus Controlling Idea Reading/ Research Developme nt Organization Meets Expectations 3 3. 5 Advanced 4 Attempts to address prompt, but lacks focus or is off-task. Addresses prompt appropriately and establis hes a position, but focus is u neve n. Addresses prompt appropriately and maintains a clear, steady focus. Provides a ge nerally convinci ng position. Attempts to establis h a claim, but lacks a clear purpose. (L2) Makes no me ntion of cou nter claims. Establis hes a claim. (L2) Makes note of cou nter claims. Establis hes a credible claim. (L2) Develops claim and cou nter claims fairly. Prese nts information from reading materials relevant to the purpose of the prompt with mi nor lapses in accuracy or complete ness. Accurately prese nts details from reading materials relevant to the purpose of the prompt to develop argume nt or claim. Accurately and effectively prese nts important details from reading materials to develop argume nt or claim. Prese nts appropriate and sufficie nt details to support and develop the focus, controlling idea, or claim. (L3) Makes a relevant con nection to clarify argume nt or claim. Prese nts thorough and detailed information to effectively support and develop the focus, controlling idea, or claim. (L3) Makes a clarifying con nection(s) that illumi nates argume nt and adds depth to reasoni ng. Maintai ns an appropriate organizational structure to address specific requireme nts of the prompt. Structure reveals the Maintai ns an organizational structure that inte ntionally and effectively e n ha nces the prese ntation of Attempts to reference reading materials to develop response, but lacks con nections or relevance to the purpose of the prompt. Attempts to provide details in response to the prompt, but lacks sufficie nt developme nt or relevance to the purpose of the prompt. (L3) Makes no con nections or a con nection that is irrelevant to argume nt or claim. Attempts to organize ideas, but lacks control of structure. Prese nts appropriate details to support and develop the focus, controlling idea, or claim, w ith minor lapses in the reasoni ng, examples, or explanations. (L3) Makes a con nection w ith a weak or u nclear relations hip to argume nt or claim. Uses an appropriate organizational structure for developme nt of reasoni ng and logic, Addresses all aspects of prompt appropriately w ith a consiste ntly strong focus and convinci ng position. Establis hes and maintains a substantive and credible claim or proposal. (L2) Develops claims and cou nter claims fairly and thoroughly. 4 w ith mi nor lapses in structure and/or cohere nce. reasoni ng and logic of the argume nt. Conve ntio ns Attempts to demo nstrate standard Englis h conve ntions, but lacks cohesion and control of grammar, usage, and mecha nics. Sources are used w ithout citation. Demonstrates an u neve n command of standard Englis h conve ntions and cohesio n. Uses language and tone with some i naccurate, i nappropriate, or u neve n features. I nconsiste ntly cites sources. Demonstrates a command of standard Englis h conve ntions and cohesion, w ith fe w errors. Response i ncludes language and tone appropriate to the audie nce, purpose, and specific requireme nts of the prompt. Cites sources using appropriate format with only minor errors. Conte nt Understandin g Attempts to include disciplinary conte nt i n argume nt, but u nderstandi ng of conte nt is weak; conte nt is irrelevant, i nappropriate, or i naccurate. Briefly notes disciplinary conte nt relevant to the prompt; s hows basic or u neve n u nderstandi ng of conte nt; mi nor errors i n explanation. Accurately prese nts disciplinary conte nt relevant to the prompt with sufficie nt explanations that demo nstrate u nderstandi ng. i nformation as required by the specific prompt. Structure e n hances developme nt of the reasoni ng and logic of the argume nt. Demonstrates and maintains a welldeveloped command of standard Englis h conve ntions and cohesio n, w ith few errors. Response includes language and tone consiste ntly appropriate to the audie nce, purpose, and specific requireme nts of the prompt. Consiste ntly cites sources usi ng appropriate format. I ntegrates relevant and accurate disciplinary conte nt with thorough explanations that demo nstrate in-depth u nderstandi ng. 5 Section 2: What Skills? SKILL DEFINITION SKILLS CLUSTER 1: PREPARING FOR THE TASK 1. Task e ngageme nt Ability to con nect the task and ne w conte nt to existing knowledge, skills, experie nces, interests, and concerns. 2. Task and rubric analysis Ability to understand and explain the task’s prompt and rubric. SKILLS CLUSTER 2: READ ING PROCESS 1. Pre-reading Ability to ide ntify necessary reading strategies needed for the task. 2. Active reading Ability to apply necessary reading strategies needed for the task and develop an understandi ng of a text by locating words and p hrases that ide ntify key concepts and facts. 3. Note-taking Ability to read purposefully and select relevant information; to summarize and/or paraphrase. 4. Organizing notes Ability to prioritize and narrow notes and other i nformation. SKILLS CLUSTER 3: TRANSITION TO WRITING 1. Bridging conversation Ability to transitio n from reading or researchi ng phase to the writing phase. SKILLS CLUSTER 4: WRITING PROCESS 1. I nitiation of task Ability to establish a controlling idea and consolidate information relevant to task. 2. Plan ni ng Ability to develop a line of thought and text structure appropriate to an argume ntation task. 3. Developme nt Ability to construct an i nitial draft with an emergi ng line of thought and structure. 4. Revision & editing Ability to apply revision strategies to refine developme nt of argume nt, includi ng line of thought, language, tone, and prese ntation. 6 Section 3: What Instruction? PACING SKILL AND DEFINITION MINI-TASK PRODUCT AND PROMPT SKILLS CLUSTER 1: PREPARING FOR THE TASK 1 class 1. Task and rubric Short response: period analysis I n the “Task Analysis” Ability to understand worksheet, write a brief and explain the explanation of w hat the task is task’s prompt and asking you to do. rubric. Rubric translation: Using the “Rubric Translation” worksheet, translate the “Argume ntation Rubric” in your ow n words SCORING (PRODUCT “MEETS EXPECTATIONS” IF IT…) No scoring • Introduce task and have stude nts share “Task Analysis” translations so that they can hear how others are i nterpreting the task (note the differe nce betwee n an “explanation” and an “argume nt”). • Rubric Translation Activity – I ntroduce “Rubric” to class, assisting i n translation activity. • Extra Support – Plan for ideal peersupport for stude nts w ho need it • Teacher work- Provide feedback of the task analysis Use an existing class participation rubric if you would like to assess the Socratic semi nar. •Opener - Stude nts will complete UR 1 • Socratic Seminar – After completing UR 1, stude nts w ill e ngage i n a short Socratic Semi nar to help shape their vie ws and understandi ng of the topic. • Extra Support – Provide struggling stude nts w ith se nte nce starters and frameworks for their writing in UR 1. • Teacher work - Review each stude nt’s UR 1 to e nsure she/he understands the topic. *All worksheets can be found in the Writer’s Notebook (see appe ndix) 1 or partial class 2. Task e ngageme nt Ability to con nect the task and ne w conte nt to existing knowledge, skills, experie nces, i nterests, and concerns. Short response Answer questions in “Unit Resource (UR) 1” to assess background knowledge on the topic. INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES 7 SKILLS CLUSTER 2: READ ING PROCESS 1. Pre-reading Reading strategy list 1 or Ability to ide ntify On “Active Reading Rubric” partial necessary reading answer: class strategies needed What strategies do you use to for the task. help you process your reading? (1-2 responses) • I ntroduce stude nts to “Active Reading Rubric” for more strategies and ideas. • Ask stude nts to write dow n 1 or 2 strategies that they use to help reading compre he nsion (below rubric). • Create a class list of reading strategies and conte nt knowledge of Participate in “Active Reading first article. Rubric” discussion • Extra Support – Stude nts may share responses i n pairs, the n find 3 other strategy ideas from classmates to add to their lists. Create bookmarks or laminated cards of reading strategies so stude nts have consiste nt reminders of strategies. The follow i ng skills, Active Reading and Note-Taking, are completed in conjunction w ith each other for each text. Annotated articles Annotated article has a • I ntroduce stude nts to the One World 2-3 2. Active reading Use an notation tech niques and variety of marks (circles, Reflection “Deforestation i n the class Ability to apply other reading strategies to underlini ng, stars, Amazon”. periods necessary reading demo nstrate your reading h ig hlights, etc.). • Teacher reads the first paragraph of strategies needed process and your level of Annotation also i ncludes the Reflection, modeling active reading for the task and i nteraction w ith the text. written questions, strategies. develop an con nections, and • Stude nts finish reading the rest of the understandi ng of a Evide nce of Deforestation i n i nsig hts in the margins. Reflection usi ng a “thi nk aloud” process text by locating Our Lives Use “Active Reading w ith a partner, an notating as they go. words and phrases List products in your home that Rubric” to provide • Ask stude nts to complete “UR 2: that ide ntify come from the Amazon. stude nts feedback on Understanding the Reflection” as a key concepts and their an notation and quick assessme nt. facts. Unit Resources 2 + 3 Unit Resources. • Ask stude nts to complete “Evide nce of These resources assess stude nt Deforestation i n Our Lives” worksheet 3. Note-taking understandi ng of the One and discuss reactions to this activity. Ability to read World Reflection • With a partner or group, have stude nts purposefully and complete and discuss “UR 3: Revie w i ng select relevant the Reflection” i nformation; to • Teacher work- Collect an notated summarize and/or Reflections, worksheet, and Unit paraphrase. Resources. Provide feedback. Secure either computer lab or LCD set-up for next 2-3 classes. Participate in class discussion of reading strategies (for example: re-reading, making con nections, asking questions, visualization, emotional response, context clues for vocabulary) 8 2-3 class periods 1 class period Active Reading and Note Taking (continued from previous class) Notes Log Complete a Notes Log for each article, including a summary. 4. Organizing notes Ability to prioritize and narrow notes and other i nformation. Notes and “Cause and Effect” Prioritize relevant information from your “Notes” and “Vocabulary” logs in the “Cause and Effect Log” section of your Writer’s Notebook. Vocabulary Log I n your “Vocabulary Log”, list words and phrases esse ntial to the texts. Add definitions, and (if appropriate) notes on con notation i n this context. Teacher can determine scoring system for “Notes Log” and “Vocabulary Log”. Able to extract important cause and effect relations hips from notes (example: effects of deforestation on animals, the e nvironme nt). • Choose an online article (from “reading texts” section) to revie w together (in comp. lab or LCD projector)model how to take notes, ide ntify relevant vocabulary, and craft a summary (remi nd stude nts that summaries contain “w ho, w hat, w here, w he n, and w hy”). • Use a variety of reading/writing activities to help stude nts improve processing skills of mai n idea and sig nificance (25 word summary, QAR, reciprocal teachi ng, etc). • As stude nts meet expectations in note taking they can continue to research more articles indepe nde ntly. • Extra Support – Stude nts can work with partners or in groups to take notes. • Teacher work – Periodically provide feedback on stude nts’ “Notes” and “Vocabulary” logs. • I ntroduce stude nts to “Cause and Effect Log”, going over the provided example together • Stude nts place relevant information about deforestation from the texts into “Cause and Effect Log”. • Stude nts w ill prioritize the i nformation in the log by ide ntifying w hich pieces of evide nce they will use i n their essay. • Extra Support – Provide stude nts w ith specific examples of w hat kinds of i nformation belongs in each section of the log. Create a list of “leading questions” to help guide stude nts in the process. Example: “Where do my notes address the effects of deforestation on indige nous people?” • Teacher work – Collect “Cause and Effect Log”, giving feedback as needed. 9 SKILLS CLUSTER 3: TRANSITION TO WRITING Short response 1 class 1. Bridging I n a 1-2 se nte nce response, period conversation start to formulate your Ability to transitio n controlling idea. How w ill it be from reading or constructed and w hat is your researchi ng p hase to ce ntral argume nt? the writing phase. No scoring • Stude nts w ill use the One World Reflection, “Deforestation in the Amazon” to examine the structure of an argume ntative essay. Use Argume ntation Rubric to guide critique. • Evaluate effectiveness of the Reflection – Do you get the i nformation and explanation you expect? Why? • Discuss the five steps of the writing process: 1) brainstorming, 2) outlini ng, 3) drafting, 4) revising/editing, 5) publishi ng • Help stude nts brainstorm controlling ideas for a 1-2 se nte nce response • Extra Support – Struggling readers should focus on fe wer rubric compone nts such as Reading/Research and Controlling Idea. • Teacher work – Help stude nts refine their ideas in their short responses. I n preparation for the next class, collect examples of claims for stude nts to analyze. 10 SKILLS CLUSTER 4: WRITING PROCESS 1. I nitiation of task 1) Write a formal claim on your 1 class Ability to establish a “Essay Outline” using your period controlling idea short response, notes, and (“claim”) and article i nformation to e nsure a consolidate strong controlling idea. i nformation 2) Write a draft introduction relevant to task. that will set the context for your claim. Writes a claim that establishes a controlling idea and ide ntifies key points that support developme nt. Writes a draft introduction that sets an appropriate context for the claim. • Before stude nts write their formal claim, review qualities of a strong claim as a class: 1) must be an argume nt, 2) include simple defe nse of the argume nt, and 3) include categories to lead reader and organize essay. • In pairs, stude nts w ill edit example claim stateme nts provided by the teacher. As a class, go over each claim, asking for volunteers to ide ntify the strong and weak characteristics of each stateme nt. • After stude nts have finished writing a formal claim, revie w the qualities of a strong ope ni ng paragraph: Hook, Overvie w, Claim, Transitio n. • In pairs, stude nts share their claim stateme nts and introductions. Stude nt volunteers share their claims and i ntroductions w ith the class for critique. • Extra Support – Provide stude nts with se nte nce frames to help write the claim. • Teacher work – Collect the i ntroductions and provide feedback. 11 1 class period 1 class period 2. Plan ni ng Ability to develop a line of thought and text structure appropriate to an argume ntation task. Outline/Plan Create an outline usi ng the “Essay Outline” worksheet i ncluding key eleme nts draw n from your research and order them i n some logical way (e.g. chronologically, seque ntially). Applies an outline strategy to develop reasoni ng for argume nt. 3. Developme nt Ability to construct an initial draft with an emergi ng line of thought and structure. Rough draft Write a rough draft of your essay consisting of 4-5 paragraphs. (I ncludes an i ntroduction, 2-3 body paragraphs and a conclusion.) Provides an initial draft w ith all eleme nts of the prompt addressed. Draws a credible implication from i nformation about deforestation. • Review text requireme nts: Stude nts must use evide nce from a mi nimum of 3 differe nt texts in their essay, from the provided texts or others verified by the teacher. • Stude nts indepe nde ntly write an outline using their “Essay Outlines” • In small groups, stude nts share how they will organize their essays. • Extra Support – Stude nts w ill focus on providing evide nce from only one or two texts in their outline. • Teacher work – Collect “Essay Outlines” and provides feedback. • Review strategies for constructing body paragraphs: TEST – Topic se nte nce, Evide nce, Significance, and Transition. • Create stations w here stude nts can get guidance on certain aspects of the essay: i ntroduction, claim, evide nce/analysis, and conclusion. Assign a strong stude nt-writer at each station to help guide discussion and provide peer-revie w. Teacher spe nds time at each station assisting stude nts. • Extra Support – Teacher leads “station” for stude nts w ho need extra support in developing the essay 12 2 class periods 4. Revision and editing Ability to apply revision strategies to refine developme nt of argume nt, including line of thought, language, tone, and prese ntation Final draft Apply revision strategies for clarity, logic, language, cohesio n, appearance, conve ntions, and bibliography. Reflective summary Stude nts write a paragrap h reflecting on their writing experie nce. Demonstrates use of revision strategies that clarify logic and developme nt of ideas; i ncludes relevant details; improves word usage and phrasing; and creates smooth transitions betwee n se nte nces and paragraphs. Applies a text structure to organize reading material conte nt and to explain key points related to the prompt. • Stude nts give each other feedback on rough drafts using the “Peer Review” worksheet. • Using the “Bibliography Guide”, discuss strategies for citing i nformation – MLA citation methods, quoting, paraphrasing. • Stude nts submit final draft before or on due date for scoring and feedback. • Upon receiving final scores, stude nts write reflective summaries about the experie nce. • Teacher work - Stude nts can feel free to submit essays to teacher for basic feedback. Use Rubric to score essays Provides complete draft w ith all parts. MATERIALS, REFERENCES, AND SUPPORTS FOR TEACHERS FOR STUDENTS Te xts “Deforestation i n the Amazon” by Emma Rainforest Alliance (I nformation on gree n living): http://w w w.rainforestalliance.org/gree n-living Forest Stewards hip Cou ncil (List of Certified Products): http://w w w.fsc.org/bepart-of-solution.html Amazon Watch (Ne ws about indige nous groups and conservation): http://amazonwatch.org/ National Geograp hic Rainforest Threat Page: http://e nvironme nt.nationalgeographic.com/e nvironme nt/habitats/rainforestthreats/ National Geograp hic Deforestation Page: http://e nvironme nt.nationalgeographic.com/e nvironme nt/global- Included in Writer’s Noteb o ok : Task Analysis Argume ntation Rubric Rubric Translation Active Reading Rubric Unit Resource 1 One World Stude nt Reflection Unit Resource 2 Unit Resource 3 Notes Log Vocabulary Log Cause and Effect Log Essay Outline Peer-Review Guide 13 warming/deforestation-overvie w.html Defi nition of Clear Cutting: http://e n.w ikipedia.org/wiki/Clear_cutting Defi nition of Deforestation: http://e n.w ikipedia.org/w iki/Deforestation Bibliography Guide Writing Space Section 4: What Results? STUDENT WORK SAMPLES [I nclude at least two samples of stude nt work at each scoring level.] CLASSROOM ASSESSMENT TASK (OPTIONAL: MAY BE USED AS PRE-TEST OR POST-TEST) Backgrou nd to s hare with stude nts (optional): Classroom One World Unit Resources 1-4 can be used for classroom assessme nt assessme nt task Reading texts: ARGUMENTATION CLASSROOM ASSESSMENT RUBR IC Focus Reading/Research Controlling Idea Development Organization Conventions LDC Argumentation Classroom Assessment Rubric MEETS EXPECTATIONS Addresses the prompt and stays on task; provides a generally convincing response. Demonstrates generally effective use of reading material to develop an argument. Establishes a credible claim and supports an argument that is logical and generally convincing. (L2) Acknowledges competing arguments while defending the claim. Develops reasoning to support claim; provides evidence from text(s) in the form of examples or explanations relevant to the argument (L3) Makes a relevant connection(s) that supports argument. Applies an appropriate text structure to address specific requirements of the prompt. Demonstrates a command of standard English conventions and cohesion; employs language and tone appropriate to audience and purpose. NOT YET 14 Focus Reading/Research Controlling Idea Development Organization Conventions Attempts to address prompt but lacks focus or is off‐task. Demonstrates weak use of reading material to develop argument. Establishes a claim and attempts to support an argument but is not convincing; (L2) Attempts to acknowledge competing arguments. Reasoning is not clear; examples or explanations are weak or irrelevant. (L3) Connection is weak or not relevant. Provides an ineffective structure; composition does not address requirements of the prompt. Demonstrates a weak command of standard English conventions; lacks cohesion; language and tone are not appropriate to audience and purpose. Teacher Work Section Here are added thoughts about teachi ng this module. 15
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