Contents
PAGE 02
Translation Booklet 1
PAGE 29
Vocabulary Booklet 1
PAGE 50
Presentations and Public Speaking
PAGE 57
Cloverdale’s Characters
PAGE 62
Sudoku Inglés
PAGE 67
Most Common Irregular Verbs
PAGE 68
Pronunciation of Common Regular Verbs
PAGE 69
Common Errors by Spanish Speakers
Translation
Booklet
1
LIST 1 - Possessive pronouns / adjectives (1)
Vaughan
S Y S T E M S
1.
¿Dónde está el mío?
Where’s mine?
2.
¿Quién tiene el de Pepe?
Who has Pepe’s?
3.
Los míos y los de él son muy parecidos.
Mine and his are very similar.
4.
Los nuestros no fueron elegidos.
Ours weren’t chosen.
5.
¿Por qué son más grandes los tuyos que los míos?
Why are yours bigger than mine?
6.
El de ellos es del mismo color que el de ella.
Theirs is the same color as hers.
7.
Los de Pepe no llegarán hasta finales de mes.
Pepe’s won’t arrive until the end of the month.
8.
Estos se parecen mucho a los de él.
These look a lot like his.
9.
¿De quién son estos?
Whose are these?
10.
¿De quiénes eran los que vi ayer?
Whose were the ones I saw yesterday?
11.
¿De quién es este libro?
Whose book is this?
12.
Antes era mío pero ahora es de Pepe.
It used to be mine but now it’s Pepe’s.
13.
El mío es el que está en el estante.
Mine is the one on the shelf.
14.
El de ellos es el azul.
Theirs is the blue one.
15.
El verde antes era mío.
The green one used to be mine.
16.
El de ella es el que está en el suelo.
Hers is the one on the floor.
17.
El tuyo se perdió.
Yours was lost.
18.
Los nuestros son mucho más brillantes que los de él.
Ours are much brighter than his.
19.
El de ella no llegó a tiempo para ser incluido.
Hers didn’t arrive in time to be included.
20.
¿Por qué fue excluido el nuestro?
Why was ours excluded? (Left out)
21.
El de ellos estaba encima del mío.
Theirs was on top of mine.
22.
El libro de María está al lado del tuyo.
Mary’s book is next to yours.
23.
El vuestro fue rechazado.
Yours was rejected.
24.
El de él fue aceptado.
His was accepted.
25.
París es famoso por su arte.
Paris is famous for its art.
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PAGE 3
LIST 2 - Possessive pronouns / adjectives (2)
Vaughan
S Y S T E M S
1.
Tu libro y el mío están hechos de un material parecido.
Your book and mine are made of a similar material.
2.
El nuestro ganó el primer premio.
Ours won first prize.
3.
El tuyo ni siquiera recibió un premio de consolación.
Yours didn’t even receive a consolation prize.
4.
Mi libro es mío y es para mí.
My book is mine and it’s for me.
5.
Tu libro es tuyo y es para ti.
Your book is yours and it’s for you.
6.
Su libro (de él) es suyo y es para él.
His book is his and it’s for him.
7.
Su libro (de ella) es suyo y es para ella.
Her book is hers and it’s for her.
8.
Nuestro libro es nuestro y es para nosotros.
Our book is ours and it’s for us.
9.
Vuestro libro es vuestro y es para vosotros.
Your book is yours and it’s for you.
10.
Su libro (de ellos) es suyo y es para ellos.
Their book is theirs and it’s for them.
11.
Mis libros son míos y son para mí.
My books are mine and they’re for me.
12.
Tus libros son tuyos y son para ti.
Your books are yours and they’re for you.
13.
Sus libros (de él) son suyos y son para él.
His books are his and they’re for him.
14.
Sus libros (de ella) son suyos y son para ella.
Her books are hers and they’re for her.
15.
Nuestros libros son nuestros y son para nosotros.
Our books are ours and they’re for us.
16.
Vuestros libros son vuestros y son para vosotros.
Your books are yours and they’re for you.
17.
Sus libros (de ellos) son suyos y son para ellos.
Their books are theirs and they’re for them.
18.
La casa de Pedro está cerca de la mía.
Peter’s house is near mine.
19.
Las llamadas de María son menos importantes que las tuyas.
Mary’s calls are less important than yours.
20.
El perro del Sr. Bruno ladra más que el nuestro.
Mr. Bruno’s dog barks more than ours.
21.
Dame el mío.
Give me mine.
22.
Dale (a él) el suyo.
Give him his.
23.
Dale (a ella) el suyo.
Give her hers.
24.
Danos el nuestro.
Give us ours.
25.
Dales el suyo.
Give them theirs.
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PAGE 4
Vaughan
LIST 3 - Pronouns in general (1)
S Y S T E M S
1.
Te daré el tuyo.
I’ll give you yours.
2.
Tengo el mío porque me pertenece a mí.
I have mine because it belongs to me.
3.
Tienes el tuyo porque te pertenece a ti.
You have yours because it belongs to you.
4.
Él tiene el suyo porque le pertenece a él.
He has his because it belongs to him.
5.
Ella tiene el suyo porque le pertenece a ella.
She has hers because it belongs to her.
6.
Tenemos el nuestro porque nos pertenece.
We have ours because it belongs to us.
7.
Tenéis el vuestro porque os pertenece.
You have yours because it belongs to you.
8.
Tienen el suyo porque les pertenece.
They have theirs because it belongs to them.
9.
Guardo mi libro donde guardas el tuyo.
I keep my book where you keep yours.
10.
Guardas tu libro donde guardamos el nuestro.
You keep your book where we keep ours.
11.
Él guarda su libro donde ella guarda el suyo.
He keeps his book where she keeps hers.
12.
Ella guarda su libro donde ellos guardan el suyo.
She keeps her book where they keep theirs.
13.
Guardamos nuestro libro donde él guarda el suyo.
We keep our book where he keeps his.
14.
Guardáis vuestro libro donde yo antes guardaba el mío.
You keep your book where I used to keep mine.
15.
Guardan su libro donde antes guardábamos el nuestro.
They keep their book where we used to keep ours.
16.
Me gusta el mío porque me ayuda.
I like mine because it helps me.
17.
Te gusta el tuyo porque te ayuda.
You like yours because it helps you.
18.
Le gusta (a él) el suyo porque le ayuda.
He likes his because it helps him.
19.
Le gusta (a ella) el suyo porque la ayuda.
She likes hers because it helps her.
20.
Nos gusta el nuestro porque nos ayuda.
We like ours because it helps us.
21.
Os gusta el vuestro porque os ayuda.
You like yours because it helps you.
22.
Les gusta el suyo porque les ayuda.
They like theirs because it helps them.
23.
Enséñame el tuyo.
Show me yours.
24.
Te enseñaré el mío.
I’ll show you mine.
25.
Enséñale (a él) el nuestro.
Show him ours.
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PAGE 5
Vocabulary
Booklet
1
Vaughan
LIST 27 - Phrasal Verbs (1)
S Y S T E M S
1.
Mírale.
Look at him.
2.
Búscales.
Look for them.
3.
Cuídales.
Take care of them. (Look after them.)
4.
Si no recoges a Tom, yo lo recogeré.
If you don’t pick up Tom, I’ll pick him up.
5.
Si no pruebas la ropa, la probaré yo.
If you don’t try on the clothes, I’ll try them on.
6.
Si no te pones esa corbata, me la pondré yo.
If you don’t put on that tie, I’ll put it on.
7.
Si tú no investigas la cuestión, yo la investigaré.
If you don’t look into the matter, I’ll look into it.
8.
Si tú no sacas la basura, yo la sacaré.
If you don’t take out the garbage, I’ll take it out.
9.
Si tú no llamas a Jennifer, yo la llamaré.
If you don’t call up Jennifer, I’ll call her up.
10.
Si no recuperas la clase ahora, no podrás recuperarla.
If you don’t make up the class now, you won’t be able to make it up.
11.
Si no pones a Tom a prueba ahora, no podrás ponerle nunca.
If you don’t try out Tom now, you’ll never be able to try him out.
12.
Todo saldrá bien.
Everything will turn out fine.
13.
Todo saldrá bien.
Everything will work out fine.
14.
¿Cómo salió todo?
How did everything come out?
15.
No entres en el coche.
Don’t get into the car.
16.
No salgas del coche.
Don’t get out of the car.
17.
No subas al autobús.
Don’t get on the bus.
18.
No bajes del autobús.
Don’t get off the bus.
19.
No entres en el ascensor.
Don’t get into the elevator.
20.
No salgas del ascensor.
Don’t get out of the elevator.
21.
Habla más alto, por favor.
Speak up, please.
22.
Me quedaré con un cachorro y regalaré los otros.
I’ll keep one puppy and I’ll give away the others.
23.
Por favor… no los regales.
Please… don’t give them away.
24.
¡Ojo! ¡Cuidado!
Look out! (Watch out!)
25.
¡Cuidado con ese coche!
Look out for that car! (Watch out for that car!)
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PAGE 30
Vaughan
LIST 28 - Phrasal Verbs (2)
S Y S T E M S
1.
Si no buscas la palabra en el diccionario, yo la buscaré.
If you don’t look up the word in the dictionary, I’ll look it up.
2.
No mires atrás.
Don’t look back.
3.
Un policía se me acercó.
A policeman came up to me.
4.
Se me acercó andando.
He walked up to me.
5.
Se me acercó corriendo.
He ran up to me.
6.
Me acerqué al policía.
I went up to the policeman.
7.
Le pedí un cigarro.
I asked him for a cigarette.
8.
Se lo pedí educadamente.
I asked him for it politely.
9.
Él sacó dos cigarros de su paquete.
He took two cigarettes out of his pack.
10.
Los sacó con su mano izquierda.
He took them out with his left hand.
11.
Apagó el cigarro que tenía en la boca.
He put out the cigarette he had in his mouth.
12.
Lo apagó con sus dedos.
He put it out with his fingers.
13.
Si no apagas el incendio, yo lo apagaré.
If you don’t put out the fire, I’ll put it out.
14.
Si no apagas la vela, yo la apagaré.
If you don’t blow out the candle, I’ll blow it out.
15.
Si no apagas la luz, yo la apagaré.
If you don’t turn off the light, I’ll turn it off. (Switch off)
16.
Si no enciendes la luz, yo la encenderé.
If you don’t turn on the light, I’ll turn it on. (Switch on)
17.
Si pones la radio, yo la apagaré.
If you turn on the radio, I’ll turn it off.
18.
Si no subes el volumen, yo lo subiré.
If you don’t turn up the volume, I’ll turn it up.
19.
Si no bajas el volumen, yo lo bajaré.
If you don’t turn down the volume, I’ll turn it down.
20.
El profesor no se presentó para la clase.
The teacher didn’t show up for the class. (Turn up)
21.
Escúchame.
Listen to me.
22.
Si no cancelas la reunión, yo la cancelaré.
If you don’t call off the meeting, I’ll call it off.
23.
Quítate el abrigo. Quítatelo ahora.
Take off your coat. Take it off now.
24.
Repasa el informe primero. Después lo repasaré yo.
Look over the report first. Then I’ll look it over.
25.
Pasemos a la lista siguiente.
Let’s go on to the next list.
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PAGE 31
Vaughan
LIST 29 - Phrasal Verbs (3)
S Y S T E M S
1.
¿Quién le sustituyó?
Who took over for him?
2.
¿Cuándo despegó el avión?
When did the plane take off?
3.
Me encontré (casualmente) con Juan el otro día.
I ran into John the other day.
4.
Choqué contra un árbol.
I ran into a tree.
5.
Nos hemos quedado sin gasolina.
We’ve run out of gasoline. (Petrol)
6.
Se me ha acabado la paciencia.
I’ve run out of patience.
7.
Estamos sin dinero.
We’re out of money.
8.
Tendrás que inventar una historia.
You’ll have to make up a story.
9.
Si tú no aclaras este punto, yo lo aclararé.
If you don’t clear up this point, I’ll clear it up.
10.
Si tú no despiertas a la niña, yo la despertaré.
If you don’t wake up the little girl, I’ll wake her up.
11.
Déjame en esta esquina. (Van en coche.)
Let me off at this corner.
12.
Si defraudas a tu gente, me defraudarás a mí también.
If you let down your people, you’ll let me down too.
13.
Has omitido el punto 3.Yo lo omití también.
You left out point 3. I left it out too. (Se usa el pasado.)
14.
Salieron para Chile anoche.
They left for Chile last night.
15.
Atravesaron la barrera del sonido.
They broke through the sound barrier.
16.
Si no guardas tus juguetes, ¿quién los guardará?
If you don’t put away your toys, who will put them away?
17.
No te des por vencido.
Don’t give up.
18.
No des tu brazo a torcer.
Don’t give in.
19.
Si tú no distribuyes las notas, yo las distribuiré.
If you don’t give out the grades, I’ll give them out.
20.
Si tú no revisas el informe, yo lo revisaré.
If you don’t look over the report, I’ll look it over.
21.
Sé suficiente inglés para salir del paso.
I know enough English to get by.
22.
Me las apañaré.
I’ll get by.
23.
Llegué al hotel 10 minutos tarde.
I got to the hotel 10 minutes late.
24.
Si no superas la enfermedad hoy, la superarás pronto.
If you don’t get over the illness today, you’ll get over it soon.
25.
Aléjate del humo.
Get away from the smoke.
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PAGE 32
Presentations &
Public Speaking
Telephoning and conference calls
Vocabulary for dealing with questions
Interview evaluation sheet
Vaughan
Public Speaking
S Y S T E M S
TELEPHONE EXPRESSIONS
This is Sonia.
Answering a call
Sonia speaking.
How can I help you?
(Not 'I am Sonia!')
Excuse me, who's calling please?
Asking who is on the telephone
May I ask who's speaking?
Who shall I say is calling?
(Not 'Who is this?')
Could you please tell me the number of your
Madrid branch?
Asking for a number
Could you give me the number of the Human
Resources department?
Do you have the number for....?
Is this the Customer Service Department?
Could I speak to...
Asking for someone
Is Maria there/in?
Could you put me through to Extension 123?
Can I have Extension 123?
I'll just put you through.
Connecting someone
Can you hold the line?
Can you hold on a minute/moment?
Hold please.
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PAGE 51
Vaughan
Public Speaking
S Y S T E M S
TELEPHONE EXPRESSIONS
I'm afraid Maria is not available at the moment.
When someone is not available
Maria's out/away at the moment...
The line is busy; could you call back later?
Taking a message
Leaving a message
Can/Could/May I take a message?
Would you like to leave a message?
Could I leave a message for her?
Could you pass on a message to Sonia for me please?
Have I got this straight?
Have I got that right?
Checking information
Let me just check the details...
Just to confirm, you are arriving on the 27th,
is that right?
I'm sorry, this connection is terrible. Could you
repeat that please?
Problems with the line
I think there's some interference on the line.
I'm sorry, I think we got cut off just then.
You're breaking up – do you have a land line I
could call you on?
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PAGE 52
Vaughan
Public Speaking
S Y S T E M S
TELEPHONE EXPRESSIONS
Thank you for calling.
Is there anything else I can help you with?
Ending a call
Very nice to talk to you.
If there's anything else, you can reach me on my
mobile/ my extension is 8893.
Talk to you again soon.
Add any further sentences
you can think of…
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Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.
PAGE 53
Appendices
Cloverdale’s Characters
Sudoku Inglés
Most Common Irregular Verbs
Pronunciation of Common Regular Verbs
Common Errors by Spanish Speakers
Vaughan
Cloverdale’s Characters
S Y S T E M S
Philip Johnson
Phillip Johnson is 39 years old. He’s married
and has two children. He lives in a nice
house in Lincoln, Nebraska. He is a
businessman and he works in a bank in the
center of Lincoln. He is the General
Manager of the bank. He goes to work
every day at 8:30 in the morning. He gets to
the office at 9:00. He parks his car under the
bank in the parking garage. In the morning,
he usually works from 9:00 to 12:30. He
spends a lot of time talking on the
telephone and reading financial reports. He
usually has lunch near his office. There are
many good restaurants in the center of
Lincoln. He goes back to the office at 1:30
and stays there until 6:00. After work, he
usually goes home, but sometimes he goes
to his son’s school to watch him play
basketball or baseball. He usually gets home
from work at 6:30, but when he goes to see
his son, he gets home around 8:00. He likes
his job because he has a good salary and
because he works with a lot of interesting
people. He doesn’t travel very often in his
job, but from time to time he needs to go to
Omaha, a city 150 miles from Lincoln. When
he goes to Omaha, he usually comes back to
Lincoln on the same day, but sometimes he
needs to spend the night there. He usually
stays at the Omaha Sheraton Hotel, but
sometimes he stays in the Holiday Inn. He
prefers the Sheraton because it has a
breakfast buffet.
1. How old is Phillip?
20. Does he park in the street?
2. Is he married or single?
21. Where does he park?
3. Does he have any children?
22. How long does he work in the morning?
38. Does he like his job?
4. How many children does he have?
23. Does he spend a lot of time with customers?
39. Why does he like it?
5. Does he live in New York?
24. What does he spend a lot of time doing?
40. Does he often travel in his job?
6. Where does he live?
25. Does he have lunch at home?
41. Where does he need to go from time to
7. Does he live in a nice house?
26. Where does he usually have lunch?
8. Is he an actor?
27. Are there many good restaurants near
9. What does he do?
10. Does he work in a pharmacy?
11. Where does he work?
12. Is the bank outside of Lincoln?
13. Where is the bank?
14. Does he have an important job?
his office?
28. What time does he go back to the office
after lunch?
37. What time does he get home when he’s
with his son?
time?
42. How far is Omaha from Lincoln?
43. Does he usually stay in Omaha for
several days?
44. How long does he usually stay in Omaha?
29. Does he stay at the office until 7o’clock?
45. Does he always spend the night in Omaha?
30. How long does he stay at the office?
46. Does he usually stay at the Palace Hotel
31. Does he go to a bar with his friends after
work?
in Omaha?
47. Where does he usually stay?
15. What’s his position in the bank?
32. Where does he usually go after work?
48. Where does he sometimes stay?
16. Does he go to work every day?
33. What time does he usually get home?
49. Which hotel does he prefer?
17. What time does he go to work?
34. Does he always go home after work?
50. Why does he prefer it?
18. Does he get to the office at 8:45?
35. Where does he sometimes go?
19. What time does he get to the office?
36. Why does he go to his son’s school?
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PAGE 57
Vaughan
Cloverdale’s Characters
S Y S T E M S
Nancy Johnson
Nancy Johnson is 38 years old. She is Phillip’s
wife. She lives with her husband and children
in Lincoln, Nebraska. She’s from Kansas, the
state immediately south of Nebraska. She is
an interior decorator. In the morning, she
teaches interior design at a technical school
20 miles from Lincoln. She starts her classes
every day at 10:00 and finishes at 12:00. She
has two classes, each with about 15 students.
Then she goes home to have lunch. After
lunch, she goes to her husband’s bank where
she spends about 30 minutes with the
woman responsible for expansion. She looks
at the plans for the new bank branches and
gives recommendations about the interior
design and decoration. She doesn’t receive a
salary for this. She does it because the woman
is a good friend of hers. In the afternoon, she
works as an independent decorator. Some
days, she spends two or three hours visiting
different clients and other days she stays at
home creating decoration plans or calling
people. She decorates offices, restaurants and
homes. She doesn’t like to decorate offices
very much because the companies usually
prefer functional decoration and this is boring
for her. She doesn’t like to decorate
restaurants either, because often the owner
of the restaurant thinks that he’s a professional
decorator too. She likes to decorate homes
because she is free to make more decisions
and to be more creative.
1. Is Nancy 33 years old?
23. What time does she start her classes?
43. Does she receive a nice salary for this help?
2. How old is she?
24. What time does she finish?
44. How much money does she receive?
3. Is she Nigel’s wife?
25. Does she have three classes?
45. Does she help the woman because she’s
4. Whose wife is she?
26. How many classes does she have?
5. Who does she live with?
27. Are there 20 students in each class?
46. Why does she help the woman?
6. Where does she live?
28. How many students are there in each class?
47. What does Nancy do in the afternoon?
7. Is she from Nebraska?
29. Does she have lunch near the technical
48. Does she work in an office?
8. Where is she from?
school?
bored?
49. Where does she work when she’s not
visiting clients?
9. Is Kansas far from Nebraska?
30. Where does she have lunch?
10. Is it near Nebraska?
31. Does she stay at home after lunch?
11. Is it north or south of Nebraska?
32. Where does she go after lunch?
12. Is Nancy a school teacher?
33. Does she stay at the bank all afternoon?
51. Does she visit her clients every day?
13. What does she do?
34. Does she spend an hour there every day?
52. How often does she visit clients?
14. Does she teach?
35. How much time does she spend at the
53. Does she only decorate homes?
15. What does she teach?
bank?
50. What does she do when she is working at
home?
54. What kind of places does she decorate?
16. Does she teach interior design in the evenings?
36. Does she spend this time with her husband?
55. Does she like to decorate offices?
17. When does she teach it?
37. Who does she spend the time with?
56. Why not?
18. Does she teach it at a university?
38. What is this woman responsible for?
57. Does she like to decorate restaurants?
19. Where does she teach it?
39. Does Nancy help this woman?
58. Why not?
20. Is the technical school in the center of
40. What kind of plans does she look at?
59. Does she like to decorate homes?
41. Does she give recommendations?
60. Why does she like to decorate homes?
Lincoln?
21. Where is it?
22. How many days a week does she teach?
c
42. What kind of recommendations does she
give?
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PAGE 58
Cloverdale’s Characters
Vaughan
S Y S T E M S
Paula Eisenbach
Paula Eisenbach is 22 years old. She is in her
last year at the University of Heidelberg,
where she is studying computer systems and
graphic arts. She is from Munich, in the south
of Germany. Heidelberg is a town in
Germany famous for its beauty and for its
university. Paula likes it very much. She lives
in a flat with two other friends. One of them
studies graphic arts, too, and the other
works in a fashion shop in the center of the
town. Paula spends all of her time attending
classes, doing homework, and helping Tom,
an American student who lives near her in
Heidelberg.Tom is studying graphic arts, too,
but he is also working part-time for Walt
Disney Corporation as an artist for Disney
cartoons. Tom receives a lot of instructions
from the Disney people in California over
the Internet. With these instructions, he
draws the cartoon characters and scenes
and sends them back to California by
computer. Disney sends him a lot of work
and he gives some of it to Paula. Paula helps
him in the evenings and sometimes on the
weekends. She likes the artistic work
because she wants to improve her
technique. She likes to draw, and she’s very
artistic, but she doesn’t have the patience or
discipline to spend a long time developing
complicated scenes or characters.Tom is the
opposite and Paula is learning a lot by
working with him. They are very good
friends. Tom is from California and he wants
to go back for the Christmas holidays. He
wants to invite Paula to go with him. She’s
not sure because she doesn’t know Tom
very well yet.
1. Is Paula Eisenbach 40 years old?
18. Is the other friend a student too?
34. Does Tom do all the work alone?
2. How old is she?
19. Is she a fashion model?
35. Who helps him?
3. Does she live in Frankfurt?
20. Where does she work?
36. When does she help him?
4. Where does she live?
21. Where’s the shop?
37. Does she like this work?
5. Does she live there because she works
22. What does Paula spend all her time doing?
38. Why does she like it?
23. What country is Tom from?
39. Is she artistic?
6. Why does she live in Heidelberg?
24. Is he a student?
40. Does she like to spend a long time drawing?
7. What is she studying at the university?
25. Does he live outside of Heidelberg?
41. Why not?
8. Is she from Heidelberg?
26. Where does he live?
42. Is Tom similar to Paula in this respect?
9. Where’s she from?
27. What is he studying?
43. Is Paula learning a lot from Tom?
28. Who does he work part-time for?
44. What is their relationship?
29. What does he draw for the Disney
45. Where is Tom from in the U.S.?
there?
10. Where’s Munich?
11. Is Heidelberg famous for its beer?
Corporation?
12. What is Heidelberg famous for?
13. Does Paula like Heidelberg?
14. Does she live in a house or in a flat?
47. Does he want to go back alone?
31. Does he receive the instructions by
48. Who does he want to invite?
telephone?
15. Does she live alone?
32. How does he receive them?
16. Who does she live with?
33. How does he send the drawings back to
17. What does one of the friends study?
c
46. When does he want to go back?
30. Who does he receive instructions from?
49. Does Paula want to go?
50. What’s the problem?
California?
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PAGE 59
SUDOKU INGLÉS 2
c
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Vaughan
S Y S T E M S
PAGE 63
SUDOKU INGLÉS 4
c
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Vaughan
S Y S T E M S
PAGE 65
SUDOKU INGLÉS 5
c
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Vaughan
S Y S T E M S
PAGE 66
Vaughan
Most Common Irregular Verbs
S Y S T E M S
am, is, are
was, were
been
lead
led
led
become
became
become
leave
left
left
begin
began
begun
lend
lent
lent
blow
blew
blown
let
let
let
break
broke
broken
lose
lost
lost
bring
brought
brought
make
made
made
build
built
built
mean
meant
meant
buy
bought
bought
meet
met
met
catch
caught
caught
pay
paid
paid
choose
chose
chosen
put
put
put
come
came
come
quit
quit
quit
cost
cost
cost
read
read
read
cut
cut
cut
ring
rang
rung
deal with
dealt with
dealt with
rise
rose
risen
do
did
done
run
ran
run
drink
drank
drunk
see
saw
seen
drive
drove
driven
sell
sold
sold
eat
ate
eaten
send
sent
sent
fall
fell
fallen
set
set
set
feel
felt
felt
shut
shut
shut
fight
fought
fought
sit
sat
sat
find
found
found
sleep
slept
slept
fly
flew
flown
speak
spoke
spoken
forget
forgot
forgotten
spend
spent
spent
get
got
got/gotten
stand
stood
stood
give
gave
given
steal
stole
stolen
go
went
gone
take
took
taken
grow
grew
grown
teach
taught
taught
have
had
had
tell
told
told
hear
heard
heard
think
thought
thought
hold
held
held
throw
threw
thrown
hurt
hurt
hurt
understand
understood
understood
keep
kept
kept
wear
wore
worn
know
knew
known
win
won
won
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PAGE 67
Pronunciation of Common Regular Verbs
Vaughan
S Y S T E M S
There are many more important verbs not listed here, but these, barring an oversight, are the most commonly used.
c
Hard “d” sound
“t” sound
“id” sound (additional syllable)
Agreed
Allowed
Answered
Appeared
Arrived
Believed
Belonged
Called
Carried
Changed
Cleaned
Closed
Continued
Copied
Covered
Cried
Died
Earned
Enjoyed
Explained
Followed
Gained
Happened
Joined
Listened to
Lived
Moved
Offered
Owned
Planned
Prepared
Played
Preferred
Pulled
Rained
Raised
Received
Retired
Saved
Seemed
Served
Showed
Smiled
Snowed
Stayed
Studied
Tried
Used
Worried
Asked
Checked
Cooked
Crossed
Danced
Escaped
Finished
Helped
Hoped
Jumped
Laughed
Liked
Looked
Missed
Noticed
Parked
Passed
Picked
Progressed
Promised
Pushed
Reached
Stopped
Talked
Walked
Washed
Watched
Wished
Worked
Accepted
Acted
Added
Attended
Attracted
Avoided
Contacted
Counted
Created
Decided
Depended on
Divided
Eliminated
Existed
Expanded
Expected
Hated
Included
Insisted
Invented
Invited
Landed
Lifted
Lasted
Needed
Pointed
Printed
Rented
Rested
Shouted
Started
Treated
Waited
Wanted
Wasted
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PAGE 68
Vaughan
Common Errors By Spanish Speakers
S Y S T E M S
The following list outlines some of the most common problems for Spanish speakers caused by direct translation.
SPANGLISH
ENGLISH - CORRECT VERSION!!
To depend of something
To depend on something
To spend money in something
To spend money on something
To pay something
To pay for something
To buy to someone
To buy from someone
To work in something
To work on something
To focus in something
To focus on something
To know to do something
To know how to do something
To be related with something
To be related to something
To be committed with something
To be committed to something
Near of/from somewhere
Near somewhere
Close of/from somewhere
Close to somewhere
To be based in something
To be based on something
To be responsible of something
To be responsible for something
To be the guilty (I’m the guilty)
To be one’s fault (It’s my fault)
According with someone
According to someone
I must to study
I must study (NEVER to)
I can to swim
I can swim (NEVER to)
I will to go
I will go (NEVER to)
Tell to us
Tell us (NEVER to)
Ask to him
Ask him (NEVER to)
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PAGE 69
Vaughan
Common Errors By Spanish Speakers
SPANGLISH
S Y S T E M S
ENGLISH - CORRECT VERSION!!
Call to Mary
Call Mary (NEVER to)
I am agreed
I agree
Are you agreed?
Do you agree?
To explain you
To explain to you (ALWAYS to someone)
To listen me
To listen to me (ALWAYS to someone)
To listen it
To listen to it (ALWAYS to something)
To propose them
To propose to them (ALWAYS to someone)
An important problem
A big problem
The best important
The most important
The important is...
The important thing is...
To do a purchase
To make a purchase
To make a travel
To make/take a trip
To make a question
To ask a question
To make business
To do business
To make research
To do/carry out research
To take a drink/meal
To have a drink/meal
To arrive to an agreement
To come to/reach an agreement
To get an objective
To reach/achieve an objective
To have sense
To make sense
People is
People ARE
Persons
People
We are three
There are three of us
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PAGE 70
Vaughan
Common Errors By Spanish Speakers
SPANGLISH
S Y S T E M S
ENGLISH - CORRECT VERSION!!
Actually (= actualmente)
Currently/presently
Illusioned (= ilusionado)
Hopeful/excited
Really (= en realidad)
Actually
Impressing
Impressive
How curious! (= Qué curioso)
That’s funny/interesting
In a future
In the future
Question (= asunto)
Issue/matter
To discuss (= disputar)
To argue
May I take lent your pen?
May I borrow your pen?
To count a history
To tell a story
To assist to class
To attend class
To remember someone to do something
To remind someone to do something
The competence (= competencia)
The competition/competitors
Nothing of nothing
Nothing at all
Particular lessons
Private lessons
To learn English is funny
Learning English is fun
Customer fidelity
Customer loyalty
A familiar car
A family car
Tonight (= anoche)
Last night
This night (= esta noche)
Tonight
All the days
Everyday
All the day
All day (long)
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PAGE 71
Vaughan
Common Errors By Spanish Speakers
SPANGLISH
S Y S T E M S
ENGLISH - CORRECT VERSION!!
During 4 years
For 4 years
It’s for this reason that...
That’s why...
It’s the same
It doesn’t matter
the same than/that
The same as
different that
Different than
I have 21 years
I am 21 years old
10% of discount
A 10% discount
10 thousands of people
10 thousand people
1 thousand million (= 1,000 million)
1 billion [U.S.A.]
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PAGE 72