Batteries for e-mobility – an important
global market for LANXESS
Dr. Wolfgang Oehlert
Vice President Asia Pacific,
Inorganic Pigments business unit, LANXESS
Shanghai, September 6, 2012
Trend towards electrical powered engines –
numerous drivers
Electric mobility – definition
 Usage of electrical energy in power
engines
 Including hybrid electric vehicles with
multiple energy sources
 Electrical energy from different sources:
 Battery (chemical energy)
 Ultra double-layer-capacitor*
 Fuel cell (electrochemical)
 Direct connection to generation
plants**
 Types of vehicles:
 Individual (light vehicles, twowheelers, commercial vehicles)
 Public (busses, rail-bound vehicles)
Drivers / Requirements
 External factors:
 Climate change / reduction of
greenhouse gases
 Finite nature and instability of fossil
fuel supply
 Globally increasing mobility demand
 Government:
 Emissions
 Urban congestion
 Safety
 Consumers:
 Social responsibility
 Value for money
 Vehicle performance
 Quality and reliability
Source: LANXESS analysis, acatech, Roland Berger, Maxwell; * static energy; **by e.g. overhead contact line
Propulsion systems based on electricity – higher
CO2 emissions reductions than ICE technologies
Electrification path along power train technologies
Electrification
path
Technology
definition
Efficient
ICE*
Advanced
gasoline
and diesel
technologies
Mild
hybrid
Full
hybrid
Plug-in
hybrid
Range
extender
Start-stop
system,
regenerative
braking,
some
acceleration
assistance
Electric
launch,
acceleration
assistance,
electric
driving at
low speeds
Full hybrid
with a larger
battery
and plug-in
capability
Electric
vehicle
with an ICE
to recharge
the battery
Source: LANXESS analysis, Boston Consulting Group, e.on; * ICE = internal combustion engine
Full
electric
car
All the
necessary
propulsion
energy
stored
in the
battery
Lithium ion batteries – best ratio between energy
density, charging time and power density
 Trend from nickel metal
hydride to lithium ion
technology due to
requirement for higher
energy density
 Different lithium ion
technologies are
available in the market*
 Cathode technology is
crucial for success of
battery technology due
to current physical
limits
Ragone plot – higher power and energy driving
li-ion battery growth
Li Ion
Ni metal hydrid
High energy density:
 Long cruising range
Ni Cd
Lead acid
1000
Energy density (Wh/kg)
Energy sources –
batteries
Fuel
cells
100
Batteries
1 hour
1 second
10
Ultracapacitors
10 hours
1
0.03 second
0.1
Conventional
Capacitors
0.01
10
100
1000
Power density (W/kg)
Source: LANXESS analysis, acatech, Roland Berger, Maxwell; * e.g. LiMn2O4, LiCoO2, LiNiO2, LiFePO4
High power
density:
 Fast
acceleration,
fast storage
of braking
energy
10,000
The value chain of e-car batteries
1
Component
production
Manufacture
of anode
and cathode
materials,
binder,
electrolyte,
and
separator
2
3
Cell
production
Production
& assembly
of single
cells
4
Module
production
Module
Configurproduction
ation
of cells into
larger
modules that
include
some
electronic
management
Source: LANXESS analysis, Boston Consulting Group
5
Pack
assembly
Installation
of modules
together
with
systems
that manage
power,
charging,
and
temperature
6
Vehicle
integration
Vehicle
7
Use
Use
Integration
integration Use during
of the
specified
battery
in-vehicle
pack into
lifetime
the vehicle
structure,
including the
battery-car
interface
Reuse
and
recycling
Battery
reuse;
deconstruction
and cleaning
preparatory
to recycling
of materials
and
components
The value chain of e-car batteries – LANXESS is
a supplier of precursors for cathode materials
1
2
Component
production
3
Cell
production
4
Module
production
5
Pack
assembly
6
Vehicle
integration
7
Use
Use
Reuse
and
recycling
Cathode component production
Raw
materials
Processed
materials
Module
Cathode
production
Precursors
materials
• Li2CO3
• Fe2O3
• FeOOH
• Fe3O4
• H3PO4
• ...
Source: LANXESS analysis, Boston Consulting Group
• LiMn2O4
• LiCoO2
• “LiNiO2”
• LiFePO4
•…
Cathode Energy
VehiclePower Safety Stability
material density
density
integration
LiMn2O4
LiCoO2
“LiNiO2”
LiFePO4
Cost
Japan, USA and Germany expected to be the
leading producers of electric cars by 2015
Expected production of electric cars in 2015
Country
Electric cars production volume
490,000
330,000
170,000
150,000
140,000
20,000
Source: Roland Berger, fka (May 2012); * PHEV
Top 3 models
Nissan Leaf, Toyota Prius III
PHEF, Mitsubishi iMIEV
Chevrolet Volt*, Ford Focus EV,
Fisker Karma*
BMW i3, VW e-up!, Smart
ForTwo ED 3rd Gen
Chana Benben Mini EV, Geely,
Nano Lynx/Panda, BYD E6
Renault: ZOE Z.E., wizy
Technic, Fluence Z.E.
Hyuandai Blueon, Kai Ray
China leading in e-mobility-related R&D funding –
significant production growth expected
National R&D funding for e-mobility
Country
in m EUR
% of GDP
7,135
0,169
2,484*
2,093**
0,105
0,020
1,354
0,074
734
486
180
0,101
0,012
0,012
Source: Roland Berger, fka (May 2012); * Excl. lightweight material research funding as part of NPE program; ** Note: major
subsidies awarded are manufacturing- not R&D-related – these are not included
Batteries – a key to e-mobility
Batteries are a pre-requisite for
e-mobility solutions

Lithium ion batteries – best ratio
between energy density, charging
time and power density

Significant rise in e-car production
expected – growing importance of
battery solutions
