Properties of
Matter
Part 2
Catalyst…
 1.
Compare Elements and Compounds.
Give an example of each.

 2.
Elements are pure substances that cannot
be broken down by chemical means.
Compounds are made of 2 or more
elements chemically combined. Hydrogen
is an element. H2O is a compound.
List the States of Matter (SOM) in order
of compressibility (highest to lowest).

Gas, Liquid, Solid
By the End of Class Today…
 You
will be able to…
 Identify all 5 states of matter in order of
particle speed
 Define Heat and explain how heat moves.
 Identify the 3 temperature scales.
 Cite examples of the 3 types of heat
transfer.
 Compare and Contrast endothermic and
exothermic heat transfer.
Plasma – the 4th State
 Plasmas
are a lot like gases, however the
atoms are different.
 Plasmas are made up of free electrons
and ions.
 Think of Plasmas as an ionized (positively
or negatively charged) gas.
Examples of Plasma on the
Earth…
Northern Lights
Lightning Striking the Earth
Stars are balls of gas
at really high
temperatures. These
temperatures heat up
the atoms and create
plasma.
Synthetic (Man-Made)
Plasmas
Neon signs contain
gases (like Neon) that
glow when heated.
Fluorescent light bulbs
contain gas. When the
gas is heated by
electricity, a “plasma”
is created.
Plasma TV’s heat
gases behind the
screen that mimic
plasma.
99% of the KNOWN universe is made of plasma!
Bose Einstein Condensate
(BEC) – the 5th State
 The
BEC was discovered in 1955 by
Cornell and Weiman.
 However, the BEC was predicted in the
1920’s, but Bose and Einstein…they knew
it COULD exist, but lacked the technology
to prove it.
 BEC is based on condensation.
 BEC’s are the EXACT opposite of plasmas.
How it works…
 Condensation
happens as gas particle
get closer and closer and form a liquid.
 This involves a LOSS of energy.
 BEC happens at SUPER LOW
temperatures.
 Absolute Zero (ZERO KELVIN)is the point at
which ALL matter ceases to move.
 BEC develop as particles approach
Absolute Zero.
A Little More…
 As
particles begin to form the BEC, they
lose ALL their properties and clump. As the
temperature continues to approach
Absolute Zero the particles collapse and
form a BLOB.
 BEC’s are only possible with a small group
of elements.
 Rubidium is the best example.
Who’s the Fastest??
From FASTEST
to SLOWEST…
PLASMA
GAS
LIQUID
SOLID
BEC
Some Like it Hot
 The
study of heat is called
Thermodynamics!
 Heat can do ANYTHING



Move from place to place
Make particles move faster
Increase energy
 Heat
IS energy!
 When you increase HEAT, you are
increasing the ENERGY!!
More on Heat…
 Heat
moves because of differences in
temperature.
 If temperatures are identical – there is no
flow of heat/energy.
 Heat moves from areas of HIGH
concentration (HIGH HEAT/ENERGY) to
areas of LOW concentration (LOW
HEAT/ENERGY).
Heat Transfer…3 types…
Convection:
Heat transfer
by movement
of matter.
Examples:
circular
movement as
soup cooks in
a pan; a
convection
oven;
convection
currents in the
mantle of the
Earth.
Conduction: Heat transfer by DIRECT
CONTACT. Examples: touching a hot pot;
holding a ice cube in your hand; walking
barefoot on hot pavement.
Radiation: Heat transfer by
electromagnetic waves (light).
Examples: Heat you can FEEL;
Fire; Sun on your face; radio
waves; gamma rays, etc.
Conductors vs. Insulators
 Conductors
help
MOVE energy.
 Insulators
PREVENT
energy from
moving.
Temperature…
 Temperature
is a measure of how fast
particles are moving NOT of how hot or
cold something may be!
 There are 3 Temperature Scales.
Temperature Scales
Fahrenheit
Celsius
Kelvin
Water Boils
2120F
1000C
373K
Water Freezes
320F
00C
273K
Absolute Zero
-4500F
-2730C
0K
How Does Energy Move??
 Endothermic
– energy is added or taken
in
 Exothermic – energy is given off or
removed
Ice Melting =
Endothermic
Fire = Exothermic
Let’s Compare!
FUN FACT!!
The Melting Point
and Freezing Point
of a Solid are the
SAME!!!
ADDING
ENERGY =
ENDOTHERMIC
FUN FACT!!
Evaporation and
Condensation are
EXACT opposites!
FUN FACT!!
Sublimation and
Deposition are
OPPOSITES!
REMOVING
ENERGY =
EXOTHERMIC
Let’s Play!!!
Boards UP!
Question #1
 List
the 5 SOM in order of particle speed
(fastest to slowest).
 Plasma, Gas, Liquid, Solid, BEC
Question #2
 Give
2 examples of plasmas (1 - naturally
occurring and 1- synthetic)
 Naturally occurring – Northern Lights,
Lightning, Stars
 Synthetic – Fluorescent light bulbs, Neon
signs, Plasma TV’s
Question #3
 At
what temperature does the BEC take
place on the Kelvin Scale?
 ZERO Kelvin (approaching Absolute Zero)
Question #4
 How
does heat move?
 From areas of high concentration to low
concentration (hot to cold).
Question #5
 What
type of heat transfer occurs by
direct contact?
 Conduction
Question #6
 Which



of the following options is true?
A. Melting and Freezing occur at the same
temperature.
B. Evaporation and condensation are the
exact same process.
C. Sublimation and Deposition are the
same process.
 A.
is CORRECT!
Question #7
 What
are the 2 ways energy can move?
 Endothermic and Exothermic
Question #8
 What
is the boiling point on ALL 3
temperature scales?
 2120F
 1000C
 373K
Question #9
 Define
Temperature.
 A measure of how fast or slow particles
are moving.
Question #10
 Compare
conductors and insulators and
give an example of each.
 Conductors help move energy/heat.
Example: cookie sheet; copper wire
 Insulators prevent energy/heat from
moving. Example: oven mitts; flannel shirt
Complete your 5 Question Wrap
Up for Homework!
You will have a 10/10 Quiz on
______________…10 Questions in
10 Minutes