Chapter 15 Section 1 – The Ottoman Empire
(p. 484-491)
MAIN IDEAS
NOTES
Rise of the Ottoman Turks
Expansion of the
Ottoman Empire
(p. 484)
 Late 13th Century – the Turks were ruled by a leader called Osman
1.) Late 1200s = Ottoman Turks controlled _________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
 Osman Turks expanded and began the Ottoman Dynasty
 See map on p. 485
 Turks took control of the straits that connect the Black Sea to the Mediterranean

Byzantine Empire were defeated in this area by the Ottoman Turks

Bosporus and Dardanelles Straits

Black Sea to Bosporus Strait to Sea of Marmara to Dardanelles Strait to Aegean Sea to
Mediterranean Sea

See map on p. 484
2.) 1300s = Turks spread _______________________________________________________________________

See map on p. 485
3.) _________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Made up of local Christians who were converted to Islam
a.) _________________________________________________________________________________

Foot soldiers and administrators
b.) _________________________________________________________________________________
4.) Battle of __________________________(1389) = Ottomans ________________________________________
5.) 1390s = __________________________________________________________________________________
Conquering
The Byzantine Empire
(p. 485)
1.) 1400s to 1700s – expanded to _________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
2.) April 6 – May 29, 1453 = ____________________________________________________________________

700s to 1453 = Byzantine Empire (p. 322-324) = Eastern Roman Empire

Ottomans lay siege to Constantinople

80,000 Ottoman troops v. 7,000 Byzantine

Massive cannons hurled 1200 lb stone balls against the city

Byzantine emperor died in the final battle

3-day sack of Constantinople ruined the city

See p. 490-491
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Chapter 15 Section 1 – The Ottoman Empire
(p. 484-491)
Western Asia and Africa
(p. 485-486)
1.) _______________________________________________________________________became the new capital

Later renamed Istanbul

Ottoman Turks dominated the Balkans and the Anatolian Peninsula
2.) 1514-1517 = Sultan Selim I took _______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Original heartland of Islam
3.) _________________________________________________________________________________________
a.) _________________________________________________________________________________
b.) _________________________________________________________________________________
c.) _________________________________________________________________________________
 Selim declared himself the new caliph
 Caliph = defender of the faith and the successor to Muhammad (the founder of the Islam religion)
4.) Advanced on the ___________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
a.) _________________________________________________________________________________

Pashas = local officials who collected taxes, kept law and order, and answered directly to the sultan
Expansion into Europe
1.) After 1453 - _______________________________________________________________________________

a Romanian territory

Hungary stopped their advance into the Danube Valley
2.) _______________________________________________________________________________ (1520-1566)

Became leader in 1520
a.) _________________________________________________________________________________
o advanced up the Danube River to take Belgrade
b.) Battle of ___________________________(1526) = took control of ___________________________

1529 = invaded Austria but were defeated
c.) 1571 = ___________________________________________________________________________

1571 = defeated by the Spanish at Lepanto
3.) Early 1600s = ______________________________________________________________________________

“Sleeping giant”
 Late 1600s – went on the offensive and started conquering lands again
4.) Mid 1683 = _______________________________________________________________________________
5.) Late 1600s – Ottomans were __________________________________________________________________
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Chapter 15 Section 1 – The Ottoman Empire
(p. 484-491)
The Ottoman World
Ottoman Rule
(p. 486)
1.) _________________________________________________________________________________________

Empires formed by outside conquerors who unified the regions that they conquered
2.) _________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
a.)



The Imperial Sultans
(p. 486-487)
_________________________________________________________________________________
Sons would inherit but it didn’t have to be the oldest son
Struggles over successions
Losers would be executed
1.) _________________________________________________________________________________________

Used to be Constantinople
2.) _________________________________________________________________________________________

Means “iron gate”

Built in 15th Century by Mehmed II

Administrative center and private residence of the royal family

Overlooks the Bosporus Strait and Sea of Marmara = an important trade route connecting the
Aegean and Black Seas

Decorated with geometric designs on painted tiles

Islam forbids the use of human figures as decorations because of a believe that it might encourage
idolatry
3.) _________________________________________________________________________________________

Means “sacred place”

Residence of the sultan and his wives

Would choose 4 wives as his favorites
4.) _________________________________________________________________________________________

The queen mother was the mother of the son who was chosen to be sultan

The queen mother was a major adviser to the throne

had power to influence the affairs of state
5.) _________________________________________________________________________________________

Met 4 days a week

Sultan sat behind a screen
6.) _________________________________________________________________________________________
a.) _______________________________________________________________ of the imperial council

The sultan would indicate his decisions to the grand vizier in private
b.) _________________________________________________________________________________
7.) _________________________________________________________________________________________

Empire was divided into provinces
a.) Trained in a _______________________________________________________________________
b.) _________________________________________________________________________________
c.) _________________________________________________________________________________
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Chapter 15 Section 1 – The Ottoman Empire
(p. 484-491)
Religion in the Ottoman
World
(p. 487)
1.) Ottomans = _______________________________________________________________________________

Islam was formed from the teachings and prophecies of Muhammad in the 600s
o Allah is the one God and Muhammad was God’ prophet

p. 189-191 = The Rise of Islam

p. 224-225 – World Religions = Islam



Shia Muslims (680) = accepted only direct descendants of Muhammad as rulers
o People in Iraq and Iran are mostly Shia
Sunni Muslims = Believed that rulers need only to be followers of Islam and Muhammad
o Sunni are the majority in the Muslim world
p. 164 = History of Sunni and Shia Muslims
2.) _________________________________________________________________________________________

Caliph = defender of the Islam faith and successor to Muhammad

Leader of the government and the religion
3.) _________________________________________________________________________________________
a.) Carried out ________________________________________________________________________
b.) _________________________________________________________________________________
4.) _________________________________________________________________________________________
a.) _________________________________________________________________________________
b.) Allowed __________________________________________________________________________
Architecture and the
Arts
(p. 488)
 Patrons of the arts

Pottery, rugs, silk, jewelry, weapons
1.) _________________________________________________________________________________________
a.) _________________________________________________________________________________

a Byzantine church in Constantinople was their model

prayer hall with an open central area under one large dome
2.) _________________________________________________________________________________________

Built 81 mosques

Suleymaniye Mosque in Istanbul

His mosques were topped with a dome and framed with four minarets (towers)
3.) 1500s = __________________________________________________________________________________
4.) _________________________________________________________________________________________
a.) _________________________________________________________________________________
b.) _____________________________________________________________________ in each village
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Chapter 15 Section 1 – The Ottoman Empire
(p. 484-491)
Ottoman Society
(p. 488)
1.) Society was _______________________________________________________________________________
2.) _________________________________________________________________________________________

Sultan had ultimate ownership of all land
3.) _________________________________________________________________________________________
a.) _________________________________________________________________________________
b.) _________________________________________________________________________________
4.) _________________________________________________________________________________________
a.) _________________________________________________________________________________

Guilds = financial services, social security and training to members of their crafts

Guilds provided financial services, social security, and training to members
5.) Pastoral people = ___________________________________________________________________________
6.) _________________________________________________________________________________________
a.) _________________________________________________________________________________
Role of Women
(p. 488)


Subject to many of the same restrictions as other Muslim women
Turkish culture viewed women as almost equal to men so they had more legal rights
1.) Allowed to ________________________________________________________________________________
2.) Could ____________________________________________________________________________________
3.) _________________________________________________________________________________________

In special cases
4.) Become __________________________________________________________________________________

in rare cases
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Chapter 15 Section 1 – The Ottoman Empire
(p. 484-491)
Problems in the Ottoman Empire
(p. 489)
Changes in the
Government
(p. 489)
1.) _______________________________________________________________________________ (1520-1566)

Took Belgrade and invaded western Mediterranean and North Africa (See map on p. 485)

Executed two of his sons for suspicion of treason

Succeeded by his only surviving son, Selim II

1566 = Suleyman died
2.) Other sultans were __________________________________________________________________________

let their ministers make more decisions
3.) Early 1600s = ______________________________________________________________________________

Made themselves wealthier and more powerful
4.) _________________________________________________________________________________________

Lost control of rural areas

Taxes increased
5.) _________________________________________________________________________________________
Cultural Changes
(p. 489)
 Exchange of Western and Ottoman culture
1.) _________________________________________________________________________________________
a.) _________________________________________________________________________________
b.) _________________________________________________________________________________
c.) _________________________________________________________________________________
2.) _________________________________________________________________________________________
a.) ________________________________________________________________________ technology
b.) _________________________________________________________________________________
c.) _________________________________________________________________________________
d.) _________________________________________________________________________________
e.) _________________________________________________________________________________
f.) _________________________________________________________________________________

introduced to the Ottomans from Arabia

spread to Europe from the Ottomans
3.) Some sultans tried __________________________________________________________________________

One sultan outlawed coffee and tobacco

Patrolled the Istanbul streets at night

Executed his subjects caught in immoral or illegal acts
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