Published April 22, 2016
269 Use of dietary carbohydrates as prebiotic in swine
diets. R. T. Zijlstra*1, J. M. Fouhse1, E. Beltranena2,
A. M. H. Le3, M. G. Gaenzle3, 1Department of
Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University
of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, 2Alberta
Agriculture and Forestry, Edmonton, AB, Canada,
3
University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Using dietary antibiotics as growth promotant will be reduced; thus, dietary alternatives are being investigated. Dietary carbohydrates include oligosaccharides, starch, and
fiber (non-starch polysaccharides) and these may be part of
a toolkit to manage gut health in pigs. Antibiotics are hypothesized to control gut health via manipulations of intestinal microbial profiles but may also reduce intestinal inflammation.
Oligosaccharides may be rapidly fermented and thereby influence intestinal microbial profiles and metabolite production.
Specific exopolysaccharides from Lactobacillus reuteri may
serve as scavenger molecules for pathogenic bacteria, e.g.,
enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), to bind to instead of adhering
to the gut wall, thereby avoiding diarrhea initiation by ETEC.
Starch is mostly digested and absorbed as glucose; however,
resistant starch is not digested but fermented. Resistant starch
acts as fiber but is unique, because it 1) specifically increases
digesta content of bifidobacteria that have been associated
with improved gut health and 2) is completely fermented
within the gut. Sources of fiber differ in their 2 key characteristics: viscosity and fermentability. Increased viscosity has
been associated with increased gut content of virulence factors that are linked with diarrhea. Increased kinetics of fiber
fermentation is associated with changes in microbial profiles
and increased metabolite production. Recently, microbial
composition was hypothesized to be less important and the
focus should be on their combined output of metabolites. Raw
materials and prebiotic feed additives both influence kinetics
of fermentation and have prebiotic activity. Their kinetics of
fermentation should be quantified so that it can be included
in feed formulation. In conclusion, dietary carbohydrates via
their prebiotics activity are part of the solution to remove antibiotics as growth promotant from swine diets.
Key Words: carbohydrate, gut health, pig
doi: 10.2527/msasas2016-269
270 Impact of different high fiber diets on
intestinal cell proliferation and differentiation
in finishing pigs. Z. Huang*, P. E. Urriola,
G. C. Shurson, M. Saqui-Salces, Department of
Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul.
Feeding diets high in fiber (DF) increases mucin secretion and
alters intestinal morphology. This study aimed to investigate
the impact of different sources of DF on intestinal epithelial
proliferation and differentiation in finishing pigs. Forty-six
finishing pigs (BW 84 ± 7 kg) were fed 1 of 4 diets: control
(corn-soybean; CON; n = 12), wheat straw (23%; WS; n =
11), corn distillers dried grains with solubles (55%; DDGS; n
= 11), and soybean hulls (30%; SBH; n = 12). The WS, SBH,
or corn DDGS was the only DF containing ingredient in each
diet, CON and DF diets were formulated to contain 8.5 and
17% NDF, respectively. Pigs were fed an amount equal to
2.5% of initial BW for 14-d in metabolism cages. Ileum samples were collected for histology and gene expression analysis after euthanasia. Data were analyzed using non-parametric
tests in GraphPad Prism 6. Overall, DF diets were not different
in proliferation (positive cells for Ki67/crypt) compared with
CON. However, proliferation was greater (P < 0.05) for pigs
fed DDGS (13.3 ± 0.8) than those fed SBH (10.0 ± 1.2). Presence of goblet cells (% area of mucosa) was greater (P < 0.05)
in WS (11.5 ± 0.9) and DDGS (9.2 ± 0.5) diets compared with
CON (8.2 ± 0.3) diet, WS diet was also greater (P < 0.05) than
SBH (10.9 ± 0.6) diet. Furthermore, the expression of the mucin Muc2 was greater (P < 0.05) in all DF diets compared with
CON. The expansion of the progenitor cell pool was tested by
Olfm4 expression. Compared with CON, SBH decreased (P <
0.05) and DDGS increased Olfm4 (P < 0.05); and SBH showed
lower (P < 0.05) expression than WS and DDGS diets. This
suggests that DDGS induced Notch signaling. Enterocyte differentiation was demonstrated by changes in functional marker
Fabp, and differentiation driver Hes1. No differences were
observed in Fabp expression, but SBH decreased (P < 0.05)
and DDGS tended to increase (P = 0.06) Hes1 compared with
CON. These observations suggest that feeding SBH may reduce, and DDGS may promote swine intestinal enterocyte differentiation. Secretory cell expansion is indicated by cell markers Muc2, ChgA, and Lyz, and differentiation drivers Atoh1,
Dll4 and Sox9. Compared with CON, DDGS was a stronger
inducer while SBH was a stronger repressor of secretory cells.
These results indicate that sources of DF modulate different
aspects of epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation.
Key Words: dietary fiber, cell proliferation,
cell differentiation
doi: 10.2527/msasas2016-270
271 Effects of dietary supplementation of phytobiotics
on growth performance and health status of
growing-finishing pigs. I. Park*, W. Parnsen,
S. W. Kim, North Carolina State University, Raleigh.
This study was to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of phytobiotics (By-o-reg, Advanced Ag Products,
Hudson, SD) on growth efficiency and health status of growing-finishing pigs. Phytobiotics included encapsulated oregano
essential oil. One hundred twenty pigs (60 barrows and 60 gilts
at 27.9 ± 4.8 kg BW) were randomly allotted to 4 treatments
(2 × 2 factorial arrangement) with 10 pens (3 pigs per pen) per
treatment based on a randomized complete block design, and
fed the experimental diets for 6 wk. Factors were antibiotic
growth promoter (AGP: 0 or 0.5 g/kg) and phytobiotics (0 or
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