Acceptance,
Acceptance, Demand,
Demand, Participation
Participation
Social
Social Factors
Factors of
of Renewable
Renewable Energy
Energy Self-Sufficiency
Self-Sufficiency
ADVANCING SUSTAINABILITY IN A TIME OF CRISIS
International Society for Ecological Economics (ISEE)
Special Session: Renewable Energy Self-Sufficiency
24.08.2010
Michael Kreß
Institute for Ecological Economic Research (IÖW)
[email protected]
Michael Kreß
Institute for Ecological Economy Research
ISEE
24.08.2010, Oldenburg
Structure
1. Introduction
Introduction
2. Objective, Theory & empirical Methods
Objective,
Theory,
Methods
3. First Findings
First results
4. Conclusions
Conclusion
Michael Kreß
Institute for Ecological Economy Research
2
ISEE
24.08.2010, Oldenburg
1. Introduction
Introduction
2. Objective, Theory & empirical Methods
Objective,
Theory,
Methods
3. First Findings
First results
4. Conclusions
Conclusion
Michael Kreß
Institute for Ecological Economy Research
3
ISEE
24.08.2010, Oldenburg
Introduction
- Project „EE-Regionen"
Object
Municipalities
Municipalitiesand
andregions
regionswhich
whichwant
wantto
toachieve
achieveself-sufficiency
self-sufficiency
through
the
use
of
Renewable
Energy
(RE)–
focus
through the use of Renewable Energy (RE)– focuson
onbioenergy
bioenergy
Objective


Introduction
Objective,
Theory,
Methods
Identification
Identificationof
offactors
factorsof
ofsuccess
success
Design
Designof
ofan
andecision
decisiontool
toolfor
formunicipalities
municipalities
First results
Support
Institutions
Conclusion
Institut für
Landschafts- und
Pflanzenökologie
Michael Kreß
Institute for Ecological Economy Research
ISEE
24.08.2010, Oldenburg
1. Introduction
Introduction
2. Objective, Theory & empirical Methods
Objective,
Theory,
Methods
3. First Findings
First results
4. Conclusions
Conclusion
Michael Kreß
Institute for Ecological Economy Research
5
ISEE
24.08.2010, Oldenburg
Objectives
– research questions
1.
1.What
Whatisismeant
meantby
bylocal
localrenewable
renewableenergy
energyself-sufficiency
self-sufficiency
acceptance
and
which
factors
does
this
term
encompass?
acceptance and which factors does this term encompass?
2.
2.Which
Which(internal
(internaland
andexternal)
external)factors
factorsinfluence
influencethe
theacceptance
acceptanceof
of
renewable
energy
self-sufficiency?
renewable energy self-sufficiency?
3.
3.How
Howaccepted
acceptedisislocal
localrenewable
renewableenergy
energyself-sufficiency
self-sufficiencyin
inthe
the
reviewed
reviewedmunicipalities?
municipalities?
Introduction
Objective,
Theory,
Methods
First results
Conclusion
Michael Kreß
Institute for Ecological Economy Research
6
ISEE
24.08.2010, Oldenburg
Theory
– the term „Acceptance“
Acceptance as…
an attribute of a system consisting of
Introduction
Context
Context
Subject
Subject
Object
Object
Objective,
Theory,
Methods
Acceptance includes …
 an evaluation component (positive / negative)
First results
positive
support
approval
Conclusion
Indifference
neutral
Negative
Evaluation
 an activity component (passive / active)
resistance
disapproval
passive
Michael Kreß
Institute for Ecological Economy Research
Aktivität
7
active
ISEE
24.08.2010, Oldenburg
Theory
– tentative of an explanatory model
Macro
general framework conditions
general acceptance
(e.g. regulations, discourses)
Meso
Introduction
local framework conditions
local acceptance
(e.g. process, history, sites)
Micro
Objective,
Theory,
Methods
Perception of local conditions
general
plant-specific
Economic
valuations
Emissions
Transformation
Political Process
of landscape
(involement,
Ecology /
fairness, trust)
conservation
passive RESSAcceptance
Evalution of …
social norm
RESS-goal
behav. costs
Wind turbines
habits
biogas plants
accountability
Solar panels
locus of control
General attitudes and values
Environmentalism &
general RE-Acceptance
Values orientation
Michael Kreß
Institute for Ecological Economy Research
Determinants of
Behaviour
Political
orientation
8
sense of
locality
Active RESSAcceptance
involvement /
participation
First results
Investment /
demand
further energy –
related behaviour
socioeconomic data
ISEE
24.08.2010, Oldenburg
Conclusion
Empirical methods
Qualitative Data
Introduction
Analysis
Analysisof
ofdocuments
documents
Problem
Problemfocused
focusedguided
guidedinterviews
interviews
Objective,
Theory,
Methods
Focus
Focusgroups
groups
First results
Participative
Participativeobservation
observation
Conclusion
Qualitative Data
Telephone
Telephonesurvey
survey
Michael Kreß
Institute for Ecological Economy Research
9
ISEE
24.08.2010, Oldenburg
Telephone survey
- Sample
Introduction
Lüchow-Dannenberg
50.000 inhabitants –> sample: 800
Objective,
Theory,
Methods
Morbach
11.200 inhabitants –> sample: 400
First results
Schwäbisch Hall
190.000 inhabitants –> sample: 1300
Conclusion
Wolpertshausen
2.020 inhabitants –> sample: 100
Michael Kreß
Institute for Ecological Economy Research
10
ISEE
24.08.2010, Oldenburg
Telephone survey
- Sample of first findings
Introduction
Objective,
Theory,
Methods
First results
Schwäbisch Hall
190.000 inhabitants –> sample: 390
Michael Kreß
Institute for Ecological Economy Research
Conclusion
11
ISEE
24.08.2010, Oldenburg
Telephone survey
- Content
Macro
general framework conditions
general acceptance
(e.g. regulations, discourses)
Meso
Introduction
local framework conditions
local acceptance
(e.g. process, history, sites)
Micro
Objective,
Theory,
Methods
Perception of local conditions
general
plant-specific
Economic
valuations
Emissions
Transformation
Political Process
of landscape
(involement,
Ecology /
fairness, trust)
conservation
passive RESSAcceptance
Evalution of …
Values orientation
Michael Kreß
Institute for Ecological Economy Research
social norm
RESS-goal
costs
Wind turbines
accountability
biogas plants
locus of control
Solar panels
General attitudes and values
Environmentalism &
general RE-Acceptance
Determinants of
Behaviour
Political
orientation
12
sense of
locality
Active RESSAcceptance
involvement /
participation
First results
Investment /
demand
further energy –
related behaviour
socioeconomic data
ISEE
24.08.2010, Oldenburg
Conclusion
1. Introduction
Introduction
2. Objective, Theory & empirical Methods
3. First Findings
First Findings
4. Conclusions
Michael Kreß
Institute for Ecological Economy Research
Objective,
Theory,
Methods
Conclusion
13
ISEE
24.08.2010, Oldenburg
Findings
– Passive Acceptance
Macro
general framework conditions
general acceptance
(e.g. regulations, discourses)
Meso
Introduction
local framework conditions
local acceptance
(e.g. process, history, sites)
Micro
Objective,
Theory,
Methods
Perception of local conditions
general
plant-specific
Economic
valuations
Emissions
Transformation
Political Process
of landscape
(involement,
Ecology /
fairness, trust)
conservation
passive RESSAcceptance
Evalution of …
Values orientation
Michael Kreß
Institute for Ecological Economy Research
social norm
RESS-goal
costs
Wind turbines
accountability
biogas plants
locus of control
Solar panels
General attitudes and values
Environmentalism &
general RE-Acceptance
Determinants of
Behaviour
Political
orientation
14
sense of
locality
Active RESSAcceptance
involvement /
participation
First Findings
Investment /
demand
further energy –
related behaviour
socioeconomic data
ISEE
24.08.2010, Oldenburg
Conclusion
Findings
– Passive Acceptance (Approval)
Introduction
Objective,
Theory,
Methods
First Findings
Conclusion
Michael Kreß
Institute for Ecological Economy Research
15
ISEE
24.08.2010, Oldenburg
Findings
– Plant-Specific Perceptions
Macro
general framework conditions
general acceptance
(e.g. regulations, discourses)
Meso
Introduction
local framework conditions
local acceptance
(e.g. process, history, sites)
Micro
Objective,
Theory,
Methods
Perception of local conditions
general
plant-specific
Economic
valuations
Emissions
Transformation
Political Process
of landscape
(involement,
Ecology /
fairness, trust)
conservation
passive RESSAcceptance
Evalution of …
Values orientation
Michael Kreß
Institute for Ecological Economy Research
social norm
RESS-goal
costs
Wind turbines
accountability
biogas plants
locus of control
Solar panels
General attitudes and values
Environmentalism &
general RE-Acceptance
Determinants of
Behaviour
Political
orientation
16
sense of
locality
Active RESSAcceptance
involvement /
participation
First Findings
Investment /
demand
further energy –
related behaviour
socioeconomic data
ISEE
24.08.2010, Oldenburg
Conclusion
Findings
– Concerns: Wind Turbines
Introduction
Objective,
Theory,
Methods
First Findings
Conclusion
Michael Kreß
Institute for Ecological Economy Research
17
ISEE
24.08.2010, Oldenburg
Findings
– Concerns: Solar Plants
Introduction
Objective,
Theory,
Methods
First Findings
Conclusion
Michael Kreß
Institute for Ecological Economy Research
18
ISEE
24.08.2010, Oldenburg
Findings
– Concerns: Biogas Plants
Introduction
Objective,
Theory,
Methods
First Findings
Conclusion
Michael Kreß
Institute for Ecological Economy Research
19
ISEE
24.08.2010, Oldenburg
Findings
– Involvement / Political Participation
Macro
general framework conditions
general acceptance
(e.g. regulations, discourses)
Meso
Introduction
local framework conditions
local acceptance
(e.g. process, history, sites)
Micro
Objective,
Theory,
Methods
Perception of local conditions
general
plant-specific
Economic
valuations
Emissions
Transformation
Political Process
of landscape
(involvement,
Ecology /
fairness, trust)
conservation
passive RESSAcceptance
Evalution of …
Values orientation
Michael Kreß
Institute for Ecological Economy Research
social norm
RESS-goal
costs
Wind turbines
accountability
biogas plants
locus of control
Solar panels
General attitudes and values
Environmentalism &
general RE-Acceptance
Determinants of
Behaviour
Political
orientation
20
sense of
locality
Active RESSAcceptance
involvement /
participation
First Findings
Investment /
demand
further energy –
related behaviour
socioeconomic data
ISEE
24.08.2010, Oldenburg
Conclusion
Findings
– Involvement / Political Participation
Introduction
Objective,
Theory,
Methods
First Findings
Conclusion
Michael Kreß
Institute for Ecological Economy Research
21
ISEE
24.08.2010, Oldenburg
Findings
– Active Acceptance
Macro
general framework conditions
general acceptance
(e.g. regulations, discourses)
Meso
Introduction
local framework conditions
local acceptance
(e.g. process, history, sites)
Micro
Objective,
Theory,
Methods
Perception of local conditions
general
plant-specific
Economic
valuations
Emissions
Transformation
Political Process
of landscape
(involement,
Ecology /
fairness, trust)
conservation
passive RESSAcceptance
Evalution of …
Values orientation
Michael Kreß
Institute for Ecological Economy Research
social norm
RESS-goal
costs
Wind turbines
accountability
biogas plants
locus of control
Solar panels
General attitudes and values
Environmentalism &
general RE-Acceptance
Determinants of
Behaviour
Political
orientation
22
sense of
locality
Active RESSAcceptance
involvement /
participation
First Findings
Investment /
demand
further energy –
related behaviour
socioeconomic data
ISEE
24.08.2010, Oldenburg
Conclusion
Findings
– Political Participation
Introduction
Objective,
Theory,
Methods
First Findings
Conclusion
expression
of opinion
collection of
signatures
open
council
Michael Kreß
Institute for Ecological Economy Research
expression
Internet
23
citizen‘s
inititiatives
demonstrations
ISEE
24.08.2010, Oldenburg
Findings
– Investment
Introduction
Objective,
Theory,
Methods
First Findings
Conclusion
Michael Kreß
Institute for Ecological Economy Research
24
ISEE
24.08.2010, Oldenburg
Findings
– Influences / Correlations
Macro
general framework conditions
general acceptance
(e.g. regulations, discourses)
Meso
Introduction
local framework conditions
local acceptance
(e.g. process, history, sites)
Micro
Objective,
Theory,
Methods
Perception of local conditions
general
plant-specific
Economic
valuations
Emissions
Transformation
Political Process
of landscape
(involement,
Ecology /
fairness, trust)
conservation
passive RESSAcceptance
Evalution of …
social norm
RESS-goal
behav. costs
Wind turbines
habits
biogas plants
accountability
Solar panels
locus of control
General attitudes and values
Environmentalism &
general RE-Acceptance
Values orientation
Michael Kreß
Institute for Ecological Economy Research
Determinants of
Behaviour
Political
orientation
25
sense of
locality
Active RESSAcceptance
involvement /
participation
First Findings
Investment /
demand
further energy –
related behaviour
socioeconomic data
ISEE
24.08.2010, Oldenburg
Conclusion
1. Introduction
Introduction
2. Objective, Theory & empirical Methods
Objective,
Theory,
Methods
3. First Findings
First results
4. Conclusions
Conclusion
Michael Kreß
Institute for Ecological Economy Research
26
ISEE
24.08.2010, Oldenburg
Conclusion
 High Passive Acceptance
 High willigness to participate (politically and financally)
 High Potential for Active Acceptance
Introduction
Objective,
Theory,
Methods
 Low level of Active Acceptance (real activity)
 Gap in the citizens knowledge about the possibilites to
participate
 the municipalities have to tap the potential by
communicate the possibilities of participation
(adressing different target groups)
Michael Kreß
Institute for Ecological Economy Research
27
ISEE
24.08.2010, Oldenburg
First results
Conclusion
Thank you for your
attention!
Michael
Michael Kreß
Kreß
[email protected]
[email protected]
Michael Kreß
Institute for Ecological Economy Research
28
ISEE
24.08.2010, Oldenburg
BackUp
Michael Kreß
Institute for Ecological Economy Research
29
BACKUP
BACKUP
ISEE
24.08.2010, Oldenburg
Telefonische Befragung
- Akzeptanzbegriff
BACKUP
BACKUP
Michael Kreß
Institute for Ecological Economy Research
30
ISEE
24.08.2010, Oldenburg