05_Particle Theory of Matter.notebook
The Particle Theory of Matter
1. All matter is made up of tiny particles that are too small to be seen (atoms and molecules).
2. A pure substance contains only 1 kind of particle. Example: gold only contains particles of gold. February 18, 2014
4. Particles are attracted to one another. The closer the particles are together the stronger the attraction.
In solids the particles are closely packed together.
In liquids the particles are more loosely packed together.
In gases the particles move freely and are spread apart.
3. The particles are always moving. The more energy the particles have, the faster they move.
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Atoms: a tiny particle that makes up an element.
An atom is made up of protons, neutrons and electrons.
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Particle Charge Location Symbol
name
nucleus
p+
neutron neutral nucleus
n0
electon
e­
proton
+
­
orbit
Protons: a positively charged particle in an atom.
Neutrons: a particle in an atom that has no electrical charge.
Electron: a negatively charged particle found in an orbit outside the nucleus of an atom.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hhbqIJZ8wCM
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Element: a pure substance that is made up of identical atoms. Example: A sample of oxygen gas is made up of only oxygen atoms.
There are about 115 known elements. They can be found on the Periodic Table. So there are about 115 different kinds of atoms.
* don't need to copy the periodic table!!!
Example: A pure gold ring is made up of only gold atoms.
Look at page 214 and 215 for the textbooks periodic table.
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05_Particle Theory of Matter.notebook
Molecule: a particle with 2 or more atoms joined together. The atoms may all be the same, or they may be different. (O2, H20)
Compound: a molecule that contains more than one element (H2O, C6H12O6, etc...).
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Imagine going to an ice cream store. Let's say that they have 30 different flavors of ice cream. Those are elements, the things that I have available to build my dessert from. The smallest amount of ice cream that the store will sell to me is a scoop. This is an atom. If I want, I can put two or more scoops of ice cream together. This is a molecule. If my molecule has more than one flavor of ice cream, I can call it a compound.
element ­ a basic substance that can't be simplified (hydrogen, oxygen, gold, etc...)
atom ­ the smallest amount of an element
Examples:
oxygen we breathe (O2) = carbon dioxide (CO2) = water (H2O) = Apr 3­3:21 PM
molecule ­ two or more atoms that are chemically joined together (H2, O2, H2O, etc...)
compound ­ a molecule that contains more than one element (H2O, C6H12O6, etc...)
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Class Work: page 217 # 1, 5, 6
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