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For an excellent database of the National Wilderness Preservation System—everything from maps to management
issues--see www.wilderness.net.
Fall 2008 121
Robert Marshall
“A perfectly new, untrammeled world”
N A posthumous collection of Marshall’s Alaska journals
and earlier writings, initially entitled Arctic Wilderness (later,
Alaska Wilderness), was published in 1956, just as Zahniser
began drafting the wilderness act. These pieces had earlier
been typed and distributed among friends, family, and wilderness advocates. Untrammeled appears three times in this
book, which Zahniser read and reviewed favorably in Nature.3
Bob Marshall (left) and Ward Shepard, Mission Mountains,
Montana, about 1925, and a view of the Chinese Wall in
Montana’s Bob Marshall Wilderness
N Marshall first gained national prominence as a writer with a
seminal 1930 article, “The Problem of the Wilderness.” In describing the self-sufficiency required in wilderness, he wrote,
“This is inconceivable under the effete superstructure of
urbanity; it demands the harsh environment of untrammeled
expanses.” Zahniser quoted this article extensively, including
this sentence, in his lengthy 1949 essay for the Legislative
Reference Service of the Library of Congress.1
N Marshall used the word untrammeled twice in his wellknown 1937 article for Nature Magazine, “The Universe of the
Wilderness is Vanishing.” Describing a remote Rocky Mountain
lake, for example, he wrote: “Everything about the place, from
the bright green sedges that surrounded the lake, to the lodgepole-covered mountain sides that rose from its shores, to the
rock-covered pinnacles that jutted far above it, was a perfectly
new, untrammeled world, just as it had come fresh from the
dawn of time.” Zahniser, who had been writing a monthly column for Nature since 1935, quoted from Marshall’s article at
least twice, in speeches given in 1953 and 1957.2
Sources
1. Marshall, “The Problem of the Wilderness,” Scientific Monthly
30 (Feb. 1930): 143; Howard Zahniser, “A Statement on Wilderness
Preservation in Reply to a Questionnaire,” Mar. 1, 1949, Senate Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, Hearings before the Committee
on S. 1176, 85th Cong., 1st sess., June 19–20, 1957, p. 188–89.
2. Nature Magazine 29 (Apr. 1937): 237. For Zahniser’s quotations,
see Ed Zahniser, ed., Where Wilderness Preservation Began: Adirondack Writings of Howard Zahniser5TICA.9.ORTH#OUNTRY"OOKS
1992), 50, 74. He did not, however, quote the untrammeled passage.
3. Robert Marshall, Alaska Wilderness: Exploring the Central
Brooks Range"ERKELEY5NIVERSITYOF#ALIFORNIA0RESS
68; Howard Zahniser, “Nature in Print: Wilderness In Our Time,” Nature
Magazine 49 (June/July 1956): 284–85. Marshall also used untrammeled in earlier work: a 1922 journal article, “Nicks Pond,” reprinted
IN0HIL"ROWNEDRobert Marshall in the Adirondacks: Writings of a
Pioneering Peak-Bagger, Pond-Hopper and Wilderness Preservationist
(Saranac Lake, NY: Lost Pond Press, 2006), 122; “Recreational Limitations to Silviculture in the Adirondacks,” Journal of Forestry 23 (Feb.
1925): 173; “Adventure, Arrogance, and the Arctic,” Young Wings, May
1933, p. 11. N otes
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Fall 2008 123
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