The European Union and International Relations
SEMINAR
José Manuel Durão Barroso
[email protected]
This seminar will explore the intricacies, challenges, and achievements of the
European Union (EU) in international relations, centered on the perspective of the
President of the European Commission from 2004-2014. Discussions will thus also
concern relations between the EU and non-member states and organizations, the
theory and practice of a supra-national organization, and leadership relations,
conceptually and through experience.
The EU and has achieved substantial integration within its expanding territory and
plays a major role in the international system through its relations with other world
powers, states, organizations and non-state actors. Challenges have emanated from
the disintegration of the dual-bloc system, competing power interests, the variations of
G2/8/20 and the establishment of loose groups like the BRICS states which offer new
economic opportunities and trials.
The EU has to confront ethnic rivalries, terrorism, financial crises, and changing energy
parameters, as well as violence and conflict on its periphery, revolutions, nuclear
crises, and environmental and health challenges. These are compounded by particular
leadership ambitions, the ever more intrusive role of media and powerful global social
networks, intensifying religious-ideological radicalization and economic-strategic
turbulences. Within the framework of intensified global integration and interaction,
these events and themes have given rise to new challenges regarding the original
objectives of the European Union and its politics.
What lessons can we draw from the history of European integration? What future role
will an unprecedented supranational structure like the EU play in global affairs? How
has the EU reacted to global crises and how will new challenges in the 21st century
shape the future of European integration and its political, economic, and social
influence? We will try to outline the future of the EU’s role in the emerging international
system to try to develop suggestions for an effective contribution to stability, justice and
prosperity.
Course Requirements
This seminar has a strong “cooperative” and personal-intellectual dimension, and
student participation is thus critical for successful and fruitful discussion. Participating
students should have a background in international relations and/or political science.
It is of utmost important to attend all seminars. Grades will be based upon active
seminar participation (30%), and a final individual essay (70%).
Required Text:
Hill, Christopher, and Smith, Michael, eds. (2011), International Relations and the
European Union, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
SEMINAR SCHEDULE
15 March, 18h30-20h



Introduction
The EU and the World
The EU’s political and institutional approach to International Relations before
and after the Lisbon Treaty
15 March, 20h30-22h



The European Commission and its President as International Relations actors
10 years in office – a personal testimony
Leading through times of change and challenge
16 March, 18h30-20h



Steady at the helm: Surviving a global financial turmoil
Neighbourhood policy and future Enlargement negotiations: What are the EU’s
limits?
Dealing with competitors and partners: an overview (Examples: Brazil, Canada,
India, Japan, Mexico, South Africa, South Korea)
16 March, 20h30-22h



Common Foreign and Security Policy: Overview and evaluation
The Transatlantic relationship: the TTIP and beyond
The Rise of China
17 March, 18h30-20h


The EU and Russia: Energy wars and the return of the ‘Great Game’ of
Geopolitics (The Russia / Ukraine crisis)
The Middle East and International Terrorism
17 March, 20h30-22h




The EU in the International System
The EU as a global agent of change: Climate action, Development and
humanitarian aid
The EU and global governance (the G7, G8 and G20 processes)
Conclusion
Readings
(Note: Recommended Readings marked in Bold)
15 March
Adler-Nissen, Rebecca (2014), “Symbolic Power in European Diplomacy: The Struggle Between National Foreign
Services and the EU's External Action Service”, Review of International Studies, Vol. 40, n.º4, pp. 657-681. Available
online:
http://teol.ku.dk/english/dept/abe/staff/?pure=files%2F106429004%2FSymbolic_Power_in_European_Diplomacy.p
df
Andreatta, Filippo (2011), ”The European Union’s International Relations: A Theoretical View” in Hill, Christopher,
and Smith, Michael (eds.) (2011), pp. 21-43.
Ash, Timothy Garton (2001), “The European Orchestra” in The New York Review of Books, 18 January 2011.
Available online (subscriber access only): http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2001/may/17/theeuropean-orchestra/
_____(2012), “The Crisis of Europe: How the Union Came Together and Why It’s Falling Apart” in Foreign Affairs,
September/October 2012. Available online (subscriber access only):
http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/138010/timothy-garton-ash/the-crisis-of-europe
Balfour, Rosa, Raik, Kristi (2013), Equipping the European Union for the 21st century: National diplomacies, the
European External Action Service and the making of EU foreign policy, Finnish Institute of International Affairs,
fiia report 36, fiia occasional report 1, 17 January 2013. Available online:
http://www.fiia.fi/en/publication/309/equipping_the_european_union_for_the_21st_century/
Cotrell, Robert (1999), “Europe: So Far, It Flies” in The New York Review of Books, 8 April 1999. Available online
(subscriber access only): http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/1999/apr/08/europe-so-far-it-flies/
Economist (2007), “Special report: The European
http://www.economist.com/printedition/2007-03-17
Union”,
17
March
2007.
Available
online:
Elgström, Ole, and Smith, Michael (eds.) (2006), The European Union’s Roles in International Politics: Concepts and
Analysis, Routledge/Ecpr Studies in European Political Science series, London: Routledge.
http://ecpr.eu/Filestore/PaperProposal/4a935e7e-54fe-4691-9cc6-a296edb47bb6.pdf
European Commission, Directorate-General for Communication (2014), How the European Union works: Your
guide
to
the
EU
institutions,
Brussels:
European
Commission.
Available
online:
http://bookshop.europa.eu/en/how-the-european-union-works-pbNA3212336/
Helwig, Niklas (2013), “EU Foreign Policy and the High Representative’s Capability-Expectations Gap: A question
of Political Will” in European Foreign Affairs Review, Vol. 18, Issue 2, pp. 235-254. Available online:
http://www.academia.edu/3288910/EU_foreign_policy_and_the_High_Representative_s_capabilityexpectations_gap_a_question_of_political_will
_____(2014), "The High Representative 3.0: Taking EU foreign policy to the next level" in Finnish Institute of
International Affairs, fiia briefing paper 155, May 2014. Available online:
http://www.fiia.fi/en/publication/419/the_high_representative_3.0/
_____, Ivan, Paul, and Kostanyan , Hrant (2013), The New EU Foreign Policy Architecture: Reviewing the first two
years of the EEAS, CEPS Paperbacks, Brussels: Centre for European Policy Studies. Available online:
http://www.ceps.eu/book/new-eu-foreign-policy-architecture-reviewing-first-two-years-eeas
Hill, Christopher, and Smith, Michael (2011), “International Relations and the European Union: Themes and
Issues” in Hill, Christopher, and Smith, Michael (eds.) (2011), pp. 3-20.
Hoffman, Stanley (1990), “A Plan for the New Europe” in The New York Review of Books, 18 January 1990.
Available online (subscriber access only): http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/1990/jan/18/a-plan-forthe-new-europe/
Jeffrey, Edwards (2011), “The Pattern of the EU’s Global Activity” in Hill, Christopher, and Smith, Michael (eds.)
(2011), pp. 44-74.
Mearsheimer, John J. (2010), “Why is Europe peaceful today” in European Political Science, vol. 9, n.º 3, pp. 387397. Available online: http://mearsheimer.uchicago.edu/pdfs/A0055.pdf
Vanhoonacker, Sophie (2011), “The Institutional Framework” in Hill, Christopher, and Smith, Michael (eds.)
(2011), pp. 93-98.
Watkins, Susan (2013), “Vanity and Venality” in The London Review of Books, vol. 35, n.º 16, 29 August 2013.
Available online: http://www.lrb.co.uk/v35/n16/susan-watkins/vanity-and-venality
Blockmans, Steven (2015), "The EU and its Neighbours: Predictions for 2015" in CEPS Commentary, 5 January 2015.
Available online: http://www.ceps.eu/node/9921
Buras, Piotr (2013), The EU’s silent revolution, European Council on Foreign Relations Policy Brief – ECFR/87.
Avalable online : http://www.ecfr.eu/publications/summary/the_eus_silent_revolution36895
Curtis, Gerald L. (2013), “Japan's Cautious Hawks: Why Tokyo Is Unlikely to Pursue an Aggressive Foreign Policy” in
Foreign Affairs, March/April 2013. Available online (subscriber only access):
http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/138816/gerald-l-curtis/japans-cautious-hawks
Delors, Jacques (2013), “Rethinking the EMU and making greater Europe positive again” in Tribune Notre Europe,
Paris: Jacques Delors, Notre Europe Institute, 28 June 2013. Available online:
http://www.notre-europe.eu/media/emugreatereurope-delors-ne-jdi-june13.pdf?pdf=ok
Dixon, Hugo (2011), “Can Europe’s Divided House Stand? Separating Fiscal and Monetary Union” in Foreign Affairs,
November/December 2011. Available online (subscriber only access):
http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/136505/hugo-dixon/can-europes-divided-house-stand
East European Politics and Societies, “The Next Great Transformation: The EU Eastward Enlargement “, Vol. 17 No.
1, Winter 2003. Available online: http://scholar.harvard.edu/files/ekiert/files/ekiert_east_european_studies__transformation.pdf
Emerson, Michael, and Flores, Renato (2013), Enhancing the Brazil-EU Strategic Partnership: From the Bilateral and
Regional to the Global, CEPS Paperbacks, Brussels: Centre for European Policy Studies. Available online:
http://www.ceps.eu/book/enhancing-brazil-eu-strategic-partnership-bilateral-and-regional-global
European
Commission,
EU
http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/
Neighbourhood
Policy
and
Enlargement
Negotiations:
Ginsberg, Roy H. (2007), Demystifying the European Union: The Enduring Logic of Regional Integration, Lanham,
Maryland: Rowman and Littlefield.
Gordon, David, and Wright, Thomas (2015), “Syriza Stumbles: Time for a Course Correction” in Foreign Affairs, 26
March 2015. Available online (subscriber access only): http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/143294/davidgordon-and-thomas-wright/syriza-stumbles
Grabbe, Heather, and Stefan Lehne (2015), “Emotional Intelligence for EU democracy”, Carnegie Europe, 26
January 2015. Available online: http://carnegieendowment.org/files/emotional_intelligence_eu_democ.pdf
_____(2014), “Six Lessons of Enlargement Ten Years On: The EU's Transformative Power in Retrospect and
Prospect” in JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, Volume 52, Issue Supplement S1, pages 40–56,
September 2014. Available online (subscriber access only):
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jcms.12174/full
Grant, Charles (2006), Europe’s Blurred Boundaries: Rethinking Enlargement and Neighbourhood Policy, London:
Centre for European Reform. Available online:
http://www.cer.org.uk/sites/default/files/publications/attachments/pdf/2011/p_696_boundaries_grant_29881.pdf
Kaplan, Robert D., “Center Stage for the 21st Century: Power Plays in the Indian Ocean” in Foreign Affairs,
March/April 2009. Available online (subscriber only access):
http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/64832/robert-d-kaplan/center-stage-for-the-21st-century
Katz, Richard Katz (2014), “Voodoo Abenomics: Japan's Failed Comeback Plan” in Foreign Affairs, July/August 2014.
Available online (subscriber access only): http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/141480/richard-katz/voodooabenomics
Mahbubani, Kishore (2008), “The Case Against the West” in Foreign Affairs, May/June 2008. Available online
(subscriber access only): http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/63402/kishore-mahbubani/the-case-against-thewest
Moravcsik, Andrew (2012), “Europe After the Crisis: How to Sustain a Common Currency” in Foreign Affairs,
May/June 2012. Available online (subscriber access only): http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/137421/andrewmoravcsik/europe-after-the-crisis
_____, and Vachudova, Milada Anna ( 2003), “National Interests, State Power, and EU Enlargement” in East
European Politics and Societies, The Next Great Transformation: The EU Eastward Enlargement issue, Vol. 17 No.
1, Winter2003, pp. 42-57. Available online:
http://scholar.harvard.edu/files/ekiert/files/ekiert_east_european_studies_-_transformation.pdf
O'Neil, Shannon K. (2013), “Mexico Makes It: A Transformed Society, Economy, and Government” in Foreign Affairs,
March/April 2013. Available online (subscriber access only):
http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/138818/shannon-k-oneil/mexico-makes-it
Shleifer, Andrei, and Treisman, Daniel (2014), “Normal Countries: The East 25 Years After Communism” in Foreign
Affairs, November/December 2014. Available online (subscriber access only):
http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/142200/andrei-shleifer-and-daniel-treisman/normal-countries#
Smith, Karen (2011), “Enlargement, the Neighborhood and European Order” in Hill, Christopher, and Smith,
Michael (eds.) (2011), pp. 299-323.
Terry, Sue Mi (2014), “A Korea Whole and Free: Why Unifying the Peninsula Won't Be So Bad After All” in Foreign
Affairs, July/August 2014. Available online (subscriber access only):
http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/141483/sue-mi-terry/a-korea-whole-and-free
16 March
Ash, Timothy Garton (2005), “Anti-Europeanism in America” in The New York Review of Books, 13 February 2003.
Available online (subscriber access only): http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2003/feb/13/antieuropeanism-in-america/; a later version (April 2003) of the article is available online at the Hoover Digest
website: http://www.hoover.org/research/anti-europeanism-america
Barker, Tyson (2013), “For Transatlantic Trade, This Time Is Different: Why the Latest U.S.-EU Trade Talks Are Likely
to Succeed” in Foreign Affairs, 26 February 2013. Available online (subscriber access only):
http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/139027/tyson-barker/for-transatlantic-trade-this-time-is-different
Bollyky, Thomas J., and Bradford, Anu (2013), “Getting to Yes on Transatlantic Trade: Consistent U.S.-EU Rules Could
Remake Global Commerce” in Foreign Affairs, 10 July 2013. Available online (subscriber access only):
http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/139569/thomas-j-bollyky-and-anu-bradford/getting-to-yes-on-transatlantictrade
Campbell, Glenn (2015), “TTIP: Transatlantic trade deal text leaked to BBC” in BBC, 26 February 2015. Available
online: http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-scotland-politics-31631461
Clinton, Hillary Rodham (2007), “Security and Opportunity for the Twenty-first Century” in Foreign Affairs,
November/December 2007. Available online (subscriber access only):
http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/63005/hillary-rodham-clinton/security-and-opportunity-for-thetwenty-firstcentury
Deng, Yong (2007), “Remolding great power politics: China's strategic partnerships with Russia, the European
Union, and India” in Journal of Strategic Studies, Special Issue: Contending Perspectives on the China Challenge,
Vol. 30, n.o 4-5. Available online (subscriber access only):
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01402390701432046?journalCode=fjss20#.VRczn_ysXSs
Dullien, Sebastian, Garcia, Adriana, and Janning, Josef (2015), A Fresh Start for TTIP, European Council on Foreign
Relations Policy Brief – ECFR/124. Available online:
http://www.ecfr.eu/publications/summary/a_fresh_start_for_ttip330
Economy, Elizabeth C. (2014), "China's Imperial President: Xi Jinping Tightens His Grip” in Foreign Affairs,
November/December 2014. Available online (subscriber access only):
http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/142201/elizabeth-c-economy/chinas-imperial-president
Euractiv (2015), "TTIP for dummies". Published: 13/01/2015| Updated: 16/02/2015. Available online:
http://www.euractiv.com/sections/trade-society/ttip-dummies-311161
Euractiv (nd), “TTIP Topics”. Available online: http://www.euractiv.com/topics/ttip
European Commision (nd), “Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP)”. Available online:
http://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/in-focus/ttip/
Fabbrini, Sergio (2004), “Layers of anti-Americanism: Americanization, American unilateralism and antiAmericanism in a European perspective European” in Journal of American Culture, Volume 23 Issue 2, September
2004. Available online (subscriber access only): http://www.intellectbooks.co.uk/journals/view-Article,id=6762/
Garlick, Jeremy (2013), “A critical analysis of EU-China relations: towards improved mutual understanding” in
Contemporary
European
Studies,
Vol.
1/2013,
pp.
51-70.
Available
online:
http://www.academia.edu/5852510/A_critical_analysis_of_EUChina_relations_towards_improved_mutual_understanding
odement, Fran ois, et al (20014), China and Global Crises: The “Culture of Reluctance”, European Council on
Foreign Relations China Analysis, October 20014. Available online:
http://www.ecfr.eu/publications/summary/china_and_global_crises_the_culture_of_reluctance322
_____(2014), China Analysis: China’s neighbourhood policy”, European Council on Foreign Relations China Analysis,
February 20014. Available online:
http://www.ecfr.eu/publications/summary/china_analysis_chinas_neighbourhood_policy
_____ (2014), China on Asia’s Mind, European Council on Foreign Relations Policy Brief – ECFR/112. Available
online: http://www.ecfr.eu/publications/summary/china_on_asias_mind318
Gowan, Richard, and Witney, Nick (2014), Why Europe must stop outsourcing its security, European Council on
Foreign Relations Policy Brief – ECFR/121. Available online:
http://www.ecfr.eu/publications/summary/why_europe_must_stop_outsourcing_its_security326
Kagan, Robert (2002), "Power and Weakness," Policy Review, No. 113, June and July 2002, pp. 3-28.
Available online: http://users.clas.ufl.edu/zselden/course%20readings/rkagan.pdf
Lampton, David M. (2014), “How China Is Ruled: Why It's Getting Harder for Beijing to Govern” in Foreign Affairs,
January/February 2014. Available online (subscriber access only):
http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/140344/david-m-lampton/how-china-is-ruled
Mearsheimer, John J. (2011), “Imperial by Design” in The National Interest, n.º 111, January/February 2011, pp. 1634. Available online: http://mearsheimer.uchicago.edu/pdfs/A0059.pdf
Moïsi, Dominique (2003), "Reinventing the West" in Foreign Affairs, November/December 2003. Available online
(subscriber access only):
http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/59367/dominique-mo%C3%83%C2%AFsi/reinventing-the-west
Nye, Joseph (2010), “The Future of American Power” in Foreign Affairs, November/December 2010. Available online
(subscriber access only): http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/66796/joseph-s-nye-jr/the-future-of-americanpower
Portuguese
overnment (nd), “SOBRE O TTIP”.
temas/ttip/sobre-a-parceira/ptci.aspx (in Portuguese)
Available
online:
http://www.portugal.gov.pt/pt/os-
Schilling, Eva (2012), “When the rising dragon sees fading stars: China’s view of the European Union” in CEPS Special
Report No. 73/ November 2012. Available online: http://www.ceps.eu/book/when-rising-dragon-sees-fading-starschina%E2%80%99s-view-european-union
Simón, Luis, and Fiott, Daniel (2014), “Europe after the U.S. Pivot” in Orbis, Volume 58, Issue 3, pp. 413–428.
Available online (subscriber access only): http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0030438714000313
Smith, Michael, and Steffenson, Rebecca (2011), “The EU and the United States” in Hill, Christopher, and Smith,
Michael (eds.) (2011), pp. 404-431.
Stivachtis, Yannis A. (2012), “American Perceptions of the European Union and Its Role in World Affairs” in Review
of European Studies, Vol. 4, n.º 3; July 2012. Available online:
http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/res/article/view/18434
United States Trade Representative website (nd), “Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership”. Available
online: https://ustr.gov/ttip
Zhiqin, Shi (2012), "Understanding China-EU Relations" in
online: http://carnegieeurope.eu/publications/?fa=49688
Carnegie Europe, 14 October 2012. Availanle
Ayub, Fatima (2014), Post-Nuclear: The future for Iran in its neighbourhood, European Council on Foreign Relations
Gulf Analysis, December 2014. Available online:
http://www.ecfr.eu/publications/summary/post_nuclear_the_future_for_iran_in_its_neighbourhood325
Bahkt, Naudir, and Idrees, Nusrat (2010), “The European Union as an Emerging Power: Its Middle East Policy;
Economic and Political Aspects” in Journal of European Studies, Vol. 25-26, n.º 12, June 2010, pp. 22-34. Available
on-line: http://www.asce-ku.com.pk/journals/2009_2010/_Final_%20nusrat%20idrees.pdf
Barnes-Dacey, Julien, Geranmayeh, Ellie, and Levy, Daniel (eds.) (2015), The Islamic State through the regional lens,
European Council on Foreign Relations - ECFR/122, London: European Council on Foreign Relations. Available
online: http://www.ecfr.eu/page/-/ECFR122_IS_REPORT_Combined_140115(new).pdf
Baron, Adam (2015), Civil war in Yemen: imminent and avoidable, European Council on Foreign Relations Policy
Memo - ECFR/130. Available online:
http://www.ecfr.eu/publications/summary/civil_war_in_yemen_imminent_and_avoidable311444
Blockmans, Steven (2008), “EU–Russia Relations Through the Prism of the European Neighbourhood and
Partnership Instrument” in European Foreign Affairs Review, Vol. 13, Issue 2, pp. 167–187. Available online
(subscriber access only): http://www.kluwerlawonline.com/abstract.php?area=Journals&id=EERR2008013
Cronin, Audrey Kurth (2015), “ISIS Is Not a Terrorist Group: Why Counterterrorism Won’t Stop the Latest Jihadist
Threat” in Foreign Affairs, March/April 2015. Available online (subscriber access only):
https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/middle-east/2015-02-16/isis-not-terrorist-group
David, Maxine, Gower, Jackie, and Haukkala, Hiski (2011), “The European Union and Russia” in Journal of
Contemporary European Studies, Special Issue: The European Union and Russia, Volume 19, Issue 2, pp. 183-188.
Available online (subscriber access only):
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/14782804.2011.580906#.VRcih_ysXSs
Delcour, Laure, and Kostanyan, Hrant (2014), "Towards a Fragmented Neighbourhood: Policies of the EU and Russia
and their consequences for the area that lies in between" in CEPS Essay No. 17 / 17 October 2014. Available online:
http://www.ceps.eu/book/towards-fragmented-neighbourhood-policies-eu-and-russia-and-their-consequencesarea-lies-betwee
Dolidze, Tatia (2015), "EU Sanctions Policy towards Russia: The Sanctioner-Sanctionee’s ame of Thrones" in CEPS
Working Document No. 402 / January 2015. Available online: http://www.ceps.eu/book/eu-sanctions-policytowards-russia-sanctioner-sanctionee%E2%80%99s-game-thrones
Dworkin, Anthony, and Michou, Helene (2014), Egypt’s unsustainable crackdown, European Council on Foreign
Relations Policy Memo - ECFR/92. Available online:
http://www.ecfr.eu/publications/summary/egypts_unsustainable_crackdown303
_____(2014), Tunisia’s elections and the consolidation of democracy, European Council on Foreign Relations Policy
Memo - ECFR/116. Available online:
http://www.ecfr.eu/publications/summary/tunesias_elections_and_the_consolidation_of_democracy321
_____ (2013), The struggle for pluralism after the North African revolutions, European Council on Foreign Relations ECFR/74, London: European Council on Foreign Relations. Available online:
http://www.ecfr.eu/publications/summary/the_struggle_for_pluralism_after_the_north_african_revolutions_201
Emerson, Michael (2014), “First Anniversary of the Vilnius Summit: Or, how Tolstoy might have portrayed the
legacies of Yanukovich and Putin” in CEPS Essay No. 18 / 25 November 2014. Available online:
http://www.ceps.eu/node/9831
_____(2015), “Is there reason to hope for Minsk II?” in CEPS Commentary, 16 February 2015. Available online:
http://www.ceps.eu/book/there-reason-hope-minsk-ii
Foreign Affairs (nd), "Who Is at Fault in Ukraine? Foreign Affairs' Brain Trust Weighs In". Available online
(subscriber access only): http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/142345/who-is-at-fault-in-ukraine
Freedman, Lawrence (2014), “Ukraine and the Art of Crisis Management” in : Global Politics and Strategy, Vol. 56,
n.º 3, June/July 2014, pp. 7-42. Available online: http://www.iiss.org/en/publications/survival/sections/20144667/survival--global-politics-and-strategy-june-july-2014-3d8b/56-3-02-freedman-6162
_____(2014-2015), “Ukraine and the Art of Limited War” in Survival: Global Politics and Strategy, Vol. 56, n.º 6,
December
2014/January
2015,
pp.
7-38.
Available
online:
https://www.iiss.org//media/Silos/Survival/2014/Survival--Global-Politics-and-Strategy-December-2014-January-2015/56-6-02Freedman/56-6-02-Freedman.pdf
Gabuev , Alexander (2015), A “soft alliance”? Russia-China Relations after the Ukraine Crisis, European Council on
Foreign Relations Policy Brief – ECFR/126. Available online:
http://www.ecfr.eu/page/-/ECFR126_-_A_Soft_Alliance_Russia-China_Relations_After_the_Ukraine_Crisis.pdf
Geranmayeh, Ellie (2014), Détente with Iran; how Europe can maximise the chances of a final nuclear deal,
European Council on Foreign Relations Policy Brief - ECFR/104. Available online:
http://www.ecfr.eu/publications/summary/detente_with_iran_how_europe_can_maximise_the_chances_of_a_fin
al_nuclea309
Ikenberry , G. John (2014), “The Illusion of Geopolitics: The Enduring Power of the Liberal Order” in Foreign Affairs,
May/June 2014. Available online (subscriber access only):
http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/141212/g-john-ikenberry/the-illusion-of-geopolitics
Karakas, Cemal (2013), “EU-Turkey: Integration without Full Membership or Membership without Full
Integration? A Conceptual Framework for Accession Alternatives” in JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies,
Volume 51, Issue 6, November 2013, pp. 1057–1073. Available online (subscriber access only):
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jcms.12061/abstract
Krastev, Ivan, and Leonard, Mark (2015), "Europe's Shattered Dream of Order: How Putin Is Disrupting the Atlantic
Alliance" in Foreign Affairs, May/June 2015. Available online (subscriber access only):
https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/western-europe/2015-04-20/europes-shattered-dream-order
_____, and _____(2014), The New European Disorder, European Council on Foreign Relations Essay - ECFR/117.
Available online: http://www.ecfr.eu/publications/summary/the_new_european_disorder322
Kuzemko, Caroline (2014), “Ideas, Power and Change: Explaining EU-Russia Energy Relations” in Journal of
European Public Policy, 21, 1, pp. 58-75. Available online: https://www.offiziere.ch/wpcontent/uploads/20131008.pdf
Liik, Kadri (2014), Russia’s “pivot” to Eurasia, European Council on Foreign Relations - ECFR/103, London: European
Council on Foreign Relations. Available online:
http://www.ecfr.eu/publications/summary/russias_pivot_to_eurasia310
_____, and Wilson, Andrew (2014), What will happen with Eastern Ukraine?, European Council on Foreign Relations
Policy Memo - ECFR/119. Available online:
http://www.ecfr.eu/publications/summary/what_will_happen_with_eastern_ukraine324
Lukin, Alexander (2014), “What the Kremlin Is Thinking: Putin’s Vision for Eurasia” in Foreign Affairs, July/August
2014. Available online (subscriber access only):
http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/141538/alexander-lukin/what-the-kremlin-is-thinking
McFaul, Michael, Sestanovich, Stephen, and Mearsheimer, John J. (2014), “Faulty Powers: Who Started the
Ukraine Crisis?” in Foreign Affairs, November/December 2014. Available online (subscriber access only):
http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/142260/michael-mcfaul-stephen-sestanovich-john-jmearsheimer/faulty-powers
Mead, Walter Russell, “The Return of Geopolitics: The Revenge of the Revisionist Powers” in Foreign Affairs,
May/June 2014. Available online (subscriber access only):
http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/141211/walter-russell-mead/the-return-of-geopolitics
Mearsheimer, John J. (2014), “Why the Ukraine Crisis Is the West’s Fault: The Liberal Delusions That Provoked
Putin” in Foreign Affairs, September/October 2014. Available online (subscriber access only):
http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/141769/john-j-mearsheimer/why-the-ukraine-crisis-is-the-wests-fault
Mokhefi, Mansouria (2014), Algeria - an unsteady partner for Europe, European Council on Foreign Relations Policy
Memo - ECFR/110. Available online:
http://www.ecfr.eu/publications/summary/algeria_an_unsteady_partner_for_europe316
Mützenich, Rolf (2015), "Rapprochement Reloaded: Why Détente with Russia is not Appeasement" in Foreign
Affairs, 25 February 2015. Available online (subscriber access only):
http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/143174/rolf-muetzenich/rapprochement-reloaded
Owen IV, John M. (2015), “From Calvin to the Caliphate: What Europe’s Wars of Religion Tell Us About the Modern
Middle East” in Foreign Affairs, May/June 2015. Available online (subscriber access only):
https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/western-europe/2015-04-20/calvin-caliphate
Polak, Petr (2014), “How to Beat Goliath: An EU Energy Union to Fight Russia’s as Monopoly” in Foreign Affairs, 10
December 2014. Available online (subscriber access only): http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/142502/petrpolak/how-to-beat-goliath
Sarotte, Mary Elise, “A Broken Promise? What the West Really Told Moscow About NATO Expansion” in Foreign
Affairs, September/October 2014. Available online (subscriber only access):
http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/141845/mary-elise-sarotte/a-broken-promise#
Schmidt, Siegmar (2012), “Soft Power or Neo-colonialist Power? - African Perceptions of the EU”, in Review of
European Studies, Vol. 4, n.º 3; July 2012. Available online:
http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/res/article/view/18437
Smith, Michael (2007), “The European Union and International Order: European and Global Dimensions” in
European Foreign Affairs Review, Issue 4, pp. 437–456. Available online (subscriber access only):
https://www.kluwerlawonline.com/abstract.php?area=Journals&id=EERR2007040
Toaldo, Mattia (2014), A European agenda to support Libya’s transition, European Council on Foreign Relations
Policy Brief - ECFR/102. Available online:
http://www.ecfr.eu/publications/summary/a_european_agenda_to_support_libyas_transition308
Voltolini, Benedetta (2011), "The Middle East and the Mediterranean: The ‘Russian Doll’ Policy of the European
Union" in Mediterranean Politics, Volume 16, Issue 2, pp. 337-342. Available online (subscriber access only):
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13629395.2011.583762#abstract
Wilson, Andrew (ed.) (2014), Protecting the European Choice, European Council on Foreign Relations - ECFR/109,
London: European Council on Foreign Relations. Available online:
http://www.ecfr.eu/publications/summary/protecting_the_european_choice315
Yazigi, Jihad (2014), Syria’s war economy, European Council on Foreign Relations Policy Brief - ECFR/97. Available
online: http://www.ecfr.eu/publications/summary/syrias_war_economy
Zarif, Mohammad Javad (2014), “What Iran Really Wants: Iranian Foreign Policy in the Rouhani Era” in Foreign
Affairs, May/June 2014. Available online (subscriber access only):
http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/141209/mohammad-javad-zarif/what-iran-really-wants
17 March
Barroso, José Manuel Durão (2015), “The State of the European Union: A Public Address by José Manuel Durão
Barroso”, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, 8 April 2015.
Available
online:
https://lisd.princeton.edu/sites/lisd/files/The%20State%20of%20the%20European%20Union%20%20Final%20for%20Distribution.pdf
Berggruen, Nicolas, and Gardels, Nathan (2014), “The Next Europe: Toward a Federal Union” in Foreign Affairs,
July/August 2013. Available online (subscriber access only):
http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/139461/nicolas-berggruen-and-nathan-gardels/the-next-europe
Bremmer, Ian, and Roubini, Nouriel (2011), “A G-Zero World: The New Economic Club Will Produce Conflict, Not
Cooperation” in Foreign Affairs, March/April 2011. Available online (subscriber access only):
https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2011-01-31/g-zero-world
Campanella, Edoardo (2014), “Come Home, Europeans: Europe's Brain Drain Problem Is Becoming a Major Crisis” in
Foreign Affairs, 16 October 2014. Available online (subscriber access only):
http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/142218/edoardo-campanella/come-home-europeans
Carbone, Maurizio (2011), “The EU and the Developing World: Partnership, Poverty, Politization” in Hill,
Christopher, and Smith, Michael (eds.)(2011), pp. 324-348.
Dennison, Susi, et al (2013), Why Europe needs a new global strategy, European Council on Foreign Relations Policy
Brief – ECFR/90. Available online:
http://www.ecfr.eu/publications/summary/why_europe_needs_a_new_global_strategy302
European Parliament (2011), Directorate General for External Policies, “The EU Foreign Policy Towards the BRICS
and other emerging powers: Objectives and Strategies”, Brussels: European Parliament. Available online:
http://www.europarl.europa.eu/committees/en/studiesdownload.html?languageDocument=EN&file=49151
Faleg, Giovanni (2013), "The Governance Gap in European Security and Defence" in CEPS Policy Brief n.º 310, 17
December 2013. Available online: http://www.ceps.eu/system/files/PB310%20Faleg%20on%20CDSP_0.pdf
Group of Twenty (G20) (nd). Available online: https://g20.org
Haass, Richard N. (2014), “The Unraveling: How to Respond to a Disordered World” in Foreign Affairs,
November/December 2014. Available online (subscriber access only):
http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/142202/richard-n-haass/the-unraveling#
Hadfield, Amelia, and Fiott, Daniel (2014), “Relations with the Rest of the World: From Chaos to Consolidation?”
in JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, Special Issue: The JCMS Annual Review of the European Union in
2013, Volume 52, Issue Supplement S1, September 2014, pp. 170–185. Available online (subscriber access only):
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jcms.12167/abstract.
Hill, Christopher, and Smith, Michael (2011), “Acting for Europe: Reassessing the European Union’s Place in
International Relations” in in Hill, Christopher, and Smith, Michael (eds.) (2011), pp. 458-480.
Howorth, Jolyon (2011), “Europe at a Historical Crossroads: Grand Strategy or Resignation?” in Institute for
European Integration Research, Working Paper No. 02/2011, January 2011. Available online:
https://eif.univie.ac.at/downloads/workingpapers/wp2011-02.pdf
_____(2010), “The EU as a Global Actor: Grand Strategy for a Global Grand Bargain?” in JCMS: Journal of Common
Market Studies, Volume 48, Issue 3, June 2010, pp. 455–474. Available online (subscriber access only):
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-5965.2010.02060.x/abstract
Keukeleire, Stephen, and Bruyninckx, Hans (2011), “The European Union, the BRICS, and the Emerging New World
Order”, in Hill, Christopher, and Smith, Michael (eds.), pp. 380-403.
Lannoo, Karel (2014), “G-20 Plus Five: The Economic Forum's Mixed Record” in Foreign Affairs, 27 February 2014.
Available online (subscriber access only): https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2014-02-27/g-20plus-five
Koops, Joachim Alexander (2011), The European Union as an Integrative Power? Assessing the EU's 'Effective
Multilateralism' Towards NATO and the United Nations, Brussels: VUB Press. Available online:
http://www.academia.edu/1611771/The_European_Union_as_an_Integrative_Power_Assessing_the_EUs_Effective
_Multilateralism_Towards_NATO_and_the_United_Nations
Matthias Matthijs, and Kelemen, R. Daniel (2015), “Europe Reborn: How to Save the European Union From
Irrelevance” in Foreign Affairs, January/February 2015. Available online:
http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/142507/matthias-matthijs-and-r-daniel-kelemen/europe-reborn
Menon, Anand (2014), “The JCMS Annual Review Lecture Divided and Declining? Europe in a Changing World” in
JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, Special Issue: The JCMS Annual Review of the European Union in 2013,
Volume 52, Issue Supplement S1, September 2014, pp. 5–24. Available online (subscriber access only):
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jcms.12172/abstract
Patrick, Stewart (2014), “The Unruled World: The Case for Good Enough Global Governance“ in Foreign Affairs,
January/February 2014. Available online (subscriber access only):
https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2013-12-06/unruled-world
Rasch., Maximilian B. (2008), The European Union at the United Nations: the functioning and coherence of EU
external representation in a State-centric environment, Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. Table of contents
available online: http://senas.lnb.lt/stotisFiles/uploadedAttachments/es22008113010033.pdf
Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie (2013), “The EU’s Human Rights Policy. Unpacking the literature on the EU’s
implementation of aid conditionality”, ARENA Working Paper, no. 2, March 2013. Available online:
http://www.sv.uio.no/arena/english/research/publications/arena-publications/workingpapers/workingpapers2013/wp2-13.pdf
Smith, Michael (2007), “The European Union and International Order: European and Global Dimensions” in
European Foreign Affairs Review, Vol. 12/Issue 4 (Winter): 437–456
University of Toronto (nd), Munk School of Global Affairs, G7/G8 Research Group, G8 Information Centre. Available
online: http://www.g8.utoronto.ca/
Walton, Nicholas, and Zielonka, Jan (2013), The new political geography of Europe, European Council on Foreign
Relations Policy Report - ECFR/72. Available online:
http://www.ecfr.eu/publications/summary/the_new_political_geography_of_europe
Webber, Mark, Hallams, Ellen, and Smith, Martin A. (2014), “Repairing NATO’s motors” in International Affairs, July
2014, Volume 90, n.º 4. Available online: http://www.chathamhouse.org/publication/repairing-nato%E2%80%99smotors
Wetzel, Anne, and Orbie, Jan (2011), “Promoting Embedded Democracy? Researching the Substance of EU
Democracy Promotion” in European Foreign Affairs Review, Special Issue: ’The Substance of EU Democracy
Promotion’, Vol. 16, pp. 565–588. Available online: http://www.eu-ipods.ugent.be/media/3540/wetzel-orbieintroduction.pdf
Background readings:
Barroso, José Manuel Durão (2014), European Commission 2004-2014: A Testimony by the President with Selected
Documents,
Luxembourg:
Publications
Office
of
the
European
Union.
Available
online:
http://bookshop.europa.eu/en/european-commission-2004-2014-pbNA0214898/ (English version)
https://infoeuropa.eurocid.pt/opac/?func=service&doc_library=CIE01&doc_number=000062183&line_number=00
01&func_code=WEB-FULL&service_type=MEDIA (Portuguese version)
Berg, Eiki, and Ehin, Piret (eds.) (2009), Identity and Foreign Policy: Baltic Russian Relations and European
Integration, Burlington: Ashgate.
Bickerton, Christopher J. (2011), European Union Foreign Policy: From Effectiveness to Functionality, Basingstoke:
Palgrave.
Bindi, Federiga, and Angelescu, Irina (2012), The foreign policy of the European Union: addressing Europe’s role in
the world, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press. 2010 version available online:
http://hist.asu.ru/aes/FPEU_0815701403.pdf
Blockmans, Steven (ed.) (2014), Differentiated Integration in the EU – From the inside looking out, CEPS Paperbacks,
Brussels: Centre for European Policy Studies. Available online: http://www.ceps.eu/book/differentiated-integrationeu-%E2%80%93-inside-looking-out
Bretherton, Charlotte and Vogler, John (2006), The European Union as a Global Actor, 2
Routdledge.
nd
edition, London:
Bugajski, Janusz (2009), Dismantling the West: Russia’s Atlantic Agenda, Dulles, Virginia: Potomac Books.
Bussière, Eric, Migani, Guia (2014), Les années Barroso, 2004-2014, Paris : Tallandier.
Chaban, Natalia, and Holland, Martin (eds.) (2014), Communicating Europe in times of crisis: external perceptions of
the European Union, New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Table of Contents available online:
http://www.palgraveconnect.com/pc/doifinder/view/10.1057/9781137331175.0001
Checkel, Jeffrey T., and Katzenstein, Peter J. (eds.) (2009), European Identity, Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press.
DePorte, Antoine (1987), Europe between the Superpowers: The Enduring Balance, 2
University Press.
nd
edition, New Haven: Yale
Dinan, Desmond (2004), Europe recast: A History of European Union, Boulder: Lynne Rienner.
th
_____(2010), Ever Closer Union: An Introduction to European Integration, 4 edition, Boulder: Lynne Rienner.
_____(ed.) (2014), Origins and Evolution of the European Union, Oxford: Oxford University Press, second edition.
Faber, errit, and Orbie, Jan (2009), “Everything But Arms: Much More than Appears at First Sight” in JCMS: Journal
of Common Market Studies, vol. 47, n.º 4, pp. 767-787. Available online (subscriber access only):
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-5965.2009.02004.x/abstract
Gilbert, Mark (2012), European Integration: A Concise History, Lanham, Maryland: Littlefield.
Gower, Jackie, and Timmins, Graham (eds.) (2010), The European Union, Russia and the Shared Neighbourhood,
London, Routledge, 2010.
_____ (2009), Russia and Europe in the Twenty-First Century: An Uneasy Partnership, London: Anthem Press.
Haukkala, Hiski (2010), The EU-Russia strategic partnership: the limits of post-sovereignty in international relations,
New York: Routledge.
Helwig, Niklas, Ivan, Paul, and Kostanyan , Hrant (2013), The New EU Foreign Policy Architecture: Reviewing the first
two years of the EEAS, CEPS Paperbacks, Brussels: Centre for European Policy Studies. Available online:
http://www.ceps.eu/book/new-eu-foreign-policy-architecture-reviewing-first-two-years-eeas
Hill, Christopher, and Smith, Michael (2011), International Relations and the European Union, 2
Oxford University Press.
nd
edition, Oxford:
Högselius, Per (2013), Red gas: Russia and the origins of European energy dependence, New York: Palgrave
Macmillan.
Holland, Martin, and Doidge, Mathew (2012), Development Policy of the European Union, New York: Palgrave
Macmillan.
Hopf, Ted (ed.) (2008), Russia’s European Choice, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Hug, Adam (2013), Europe in the World: Can EU Foreign Policy Make an Impact?, London: The Foreign Policy Centre.
Available online: http://fpc.org.uk/fsblob/1535.pdf
_____ (2015), Trouble in the neighbourhood?: the future of the EU's eastern partnership, London: The Foreign Policy
Centre. Available online: http://fpc.org.uk/fsblob/1681.pdf
Hyde-Price, Adrian (2007), European Security in the Twenty-First Century: The challenge of multipolarity, London:
Routledge. Available online: http://www.academia.edu/2330257/European_Security_in_the_Twenty_First_Century
Kagan, Robert (2003), Paradise and Power: America and Europe in the New World Order, London: Atlantic Books.
Kaplan, Robert D. (2014), Asia's cauldron: the South China Sea and the end of a stable Pacific, New York: Random
House.
_____(2011), Monsoon: the Indian Ocean and the future of American power, New York: Random House Trade
Paperbacks.
Kaya, Taylan Ozgur (2013), The Middle East Peace Process and the EU: foreign policy and security strategy in
international politics, New York: IB Tauris.
Keukeleire, Stephan, Delreux, Tom (2014), The foreign policy of the European Union, Houndsmill: Palgrave
Macmillan.
Leonard, Mark (2012), China 3.0: Understanding the new China, European Council on Foreign Relations - ECFR66,
London: European Council on Foreign Relations. Available online:
http://www.ecfr.eu/publications/summary/china_3.0
Lucarelli, Sonia, and Fioramonti, Lorenzo (2010) (eds.), External Perceptions of the European Union as a global actor,
London: Routledge.
Mangala, Jack (ed.) (2013), Africa and the European Union: a strategic partnership, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Marcu, Andrei (2014), "The 2015 Climate Agreement: What’s in it for the EU?" in CEPS Commentary, 17 October
2014. Available online:
http://www.ceps.eu/system/files/CEPS%20Commentary%20Marcu%202015%20Climate%20Agreement.pdf
McCormick, John (2013), Why Europe Matters: The case for the European Union, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
McGuire, Stephen, and Smith, Michael (2008), The European Union and the United States: competition and
convergence in the global arena, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Meunier, Sophie, and MacNamara, Kathleen (eds.) (2007), Making History: European Integration and Institutional
Change at Fifty, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.
Moravcsik, Andrew (2002), “In Defense of the “Democratic Deficit”: Reassessing Legitimacy in the European Union”
in JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, Volume 40, n.º 4, November 2002. Available online:
http://www.princeton.edu/~amoravcs/library/deficit.pdf
_____(1998), The Choice for Europe, Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Morehouse, Christal, and Busse, Matthias (2014), How to keep a competitive edge in the talent game: Lessons for
the EU from China and the US, CEPS Task Force Reports. Available online: http://www.ceps.eu/book/how-keepcompetitive-edge-talent-game-lessons-eu-china-and-us
Mowle, Thomas (2004), Allies at odds? The United States and the European Union, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Müller, Patrick (2012), EU foreign policymaking and the Middle East conflict: the Europeanization of national foreign
policy, New York: Routledge.
Musu, Constanza (2010), European Union policy towards the Arab-Israeli peace process: the quicksands of politics,
New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Parker, Richard, and Alemano, Alberto (2014), Towards Effective Regulatory Cooperation under TTIP: A Comparative
Overview of the EU and US Legislative and Regulatory Systems, CEPS Special Reports No. 88 / May 2014. Available
online: http://www.ceps.eu/book/towards-effective-regulatory-cooperation-under-ttip-comparative-overview-euand-us-legislativePelkmans, Jacques, et al (2014), The Impact of TTIP: The underlying economic model and comparisons, CEPS Special
Reports No. 93 / October 2014. Available online: http://www.ceps.eu/book/impact-ttip-underlying-economicmodel-and-comparisons
Peters, Joel (ed.) (2012), The European Union and the Arab Spring: Promoting Democracy and Human Rights in the
Middle East, Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books.
Pohl, Benjamin (2014), EU foreign policy and crisis management operations: power, purpose, and domestic politics,
New York: Routledge.
Rees, Wyn (2011), The US-EU security relationship: the tensions between a European and global agenda, New York:
Palgrave Macmillan.
Revel, Jean-François (2002), L’obsession anti-américaine, Paris: Plon.
Sidjanski, Dusan (2000), The Federal Future of Europe, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Smith, Karen (2014), European Union foreign policy in a changing world, Cambridge: Polity Press.
Tolstrup, Jakob (2014), Russia vs. the EU: The competition for influence in post-Soviet states, Boulder: First Forum
Press.
Tömmel, Ingeborg (2014), The European Union: what it is and how it works, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire
New York, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Trenin, Dmitri (2007), Getting Russia Right, Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
_____(2011), Post-Imperium: A Eurasian Story, Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
Vogel, Ezra F. (2013), Deng Xiaoping and the transformation of China, Cambridge, Massachussets: The Belknap Press
of Harvard University Press.
Wassenberg, Birte, and Faleg (eds.) (2012), Europe and the Middle East: The hour of the EU?, New York: PIE Peter
Lang.
Wetzel, Anne, and Orbie, Jan (2015), The substance of European Union democracy, Houndmills, Basingstoke,
Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
Whitman, Richard, and Stefan Wolff (eds.) (2012), The European Union as a global conflict manager, New York:
Routdledge.
Wong, Reuben. and Hill, Christopher, (2011), National and European Foreign Policies: Towards Europeanization,
London: Routledge.
Youngs, Richard (2014), The uncertain legacy of crisis: European foreign policy faces the future, Washington, DC:
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
Zakaria, Fareed (2009), The Post-American World, New York: Norton and Co.
EU Websites:
http://europa.eu
http://cvce.eu
http://eeas.europa.eu/index_en.htm
http://eufp.eu
http://euintheus.org
http://euractiv.com
http://eurotopics.net
https://euobserver.com/
EU Treaties
Treaty of the European Union - Title V
General Provisions on the Union’s External Action and Specific Provisions on the Common Foreign and Security
Policy
http://europa.eu/pol/pdf/qc3209190enc_002.pdf#nameddest=article21
Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union - Part Five
The Union’s External Action
http://europa.eu/pol/pdf/qc3209190enc_002.pdf#nameddest=article205
EUR-LEX Summaries of EU Legislation:
Foreign and security policy
http://eurlex.europa.eu/summary/chapter/foreign_and_security_policy.html?root_default=SUM_1_CODED%3D25&obsolete
=true
External relations
http://eurlex.europa.eu/summary/chapter/external_relations.html?root_default=SUM_1_CODED%3D28&locale=en
Humanitarian aid
http://eurlex.europa.eu/summary/chapter/humanitarian_aid.html?root_default=SUM_1_CODED%3D04&locale=en
External trade
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/summary/chapter/external_trade.html?root_default=SUM_1_CODED%3D07&locale=en
Development
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/summary/chapter/development.html?root_default=SUM_1_CODED%3D11&locale=en
Human rights
http://eurlex.europa.eu/summary/chapter/human_rights.html?root_default=SUM_1_CODED%3D13%2CSUM_2_CODED%3D
1302&obsolete=false&locale=en
Justice, freedom and security
http://eurlex.europa.eu/summary/chapter/justice_freedom_security.html?root_default=SUM_1_CODED%3D23%2CSUM_2_C
ODED%3D2308&obsolete=false&locale=en