TYPE OF
STRUCTURE &
EXAMPLES
PARTICLES &
TYPE OF BOND
ELECTRICAL
CONDUCTIVITY
MPT & BPT
OTHER PROPERTIES YOU
MIGHT BE ASKED TO
ACCOUNT FOR
IONIC (M-NM)
METALLIC (M)
COVALENT NETWORK
(NM-NM)
COVALENT MOLECULAR
(NM-NM)
Cu, Ag, Zn
SiO2, C (diamond), C
(graphite)
SO3, PCl3, SCl2, H2O, I2, SiCl4,
S8, CO2
+ and - IONS
ATOMS*
ATOMS
MOLECULES
IONIC BOND
*ions & delocalised electrons
COVALENT BOND
WEAK VAN DER WAALS
ATTRACTION BETWEEN
MOLECULES (covalent bond
within)
NO CHARGED PARTICLES
NO CHARGED PARTICLES
(ions or electrons) FREE TO
MOVE – SO THESE
SUBSTANCES DO NOT
CONDUCT * Exception graphite /
(ions or electrons) FREE TO
MOVE – SO THESE
SUBSTANCES DO NOT
CONDUCT
Na2O, Al2O3, NaCl, KCl,
MgCl2, CaCl2, MgO
* Exception AlCl3 – properties
suggest molecular covalent
METALLIC BOND
IONS
FREE TO MOVE WHEN
MOLTEN OR AQUEOUS
DELOCALISED
ELECTRONS
FREE TO MOVE IN S & L
delocalised electrons between layers
HIGH
HIGH
HIGH
LOW – some sublime
STRONG IONIC BONDS
STRONG METALLIC BONDS
STRONG COVALENT
BONDS
WEAK VAN DER WAAL
FORCES BETWEEN
MOLECULES
BRITTLE SOLIDS
HARD
HARD
If ions are “moved along” + will
repel +, - repel -, and crystal
breaks
Strong metallic bond
Diamond & SiO2 – strong
covalent bonds in 3D lattice
SOLUBILITY – like dissolves
like
SOLUBILITY IN WATER
MALLEABLE & DUCTILE
Metallic bond (attraction
(many are soluble)
between ions and delocalised
Attraction between polar water
electrons) is non-directional
and the + and – ions, leading and will still operate even if the
to hydrated ions
metal is deformed
*graphite is slippery/greasy –
used as lubricant due to weak
attractive forces between
layers
WANGANUI HIGH SCHOOL
Eg. Non polar I2 dissolves in
non polar cyclohexane
Polar ethanol dissolves in
polar water