Small, low intensity and community forests
Forest Stewardship Council
briefing note 2
jftfj/0fLo k|efjsf] d"Nof+sg
c;n jg Joj:yfkgn] jg ;DaGwL lqmofsnfkx? ;+rfng ubf{ kg{ ;Sg] ;fdflhs tyf
jftfj/0fLo c;/x?sf] d"Nof+sg ug'{kg]{ kIfnfO{ ;d]t ;dfj]z ug'{kb{5 . ;fdflhs
k|efjsf] d"Nof+sg / cg'udg ;DaGwL hfgsf/L lj|lkmª gf]6 # df lbOPsf] 5 .
jftfj/0fLo k|efj k|ToIf x'g;S5 h:t} ;8s agfpFbf ?vx? 9fNg'kg]{ cyjf ls6gfzs
cf}iflwn] r/f / ls/f km6\of+u|fdf kg]{ c;/ cyjf ck|ToIf klg x'g ;S5 h:t} jg
;Daw{g / s6fg ;+sng sfo{sf] nflu ag]sf] ;8s rf]/L lzsf/L ug{ ;d]t k|of]u x'g
;S5 . ;sf/fTds k|efj h:t} jgsf] gofF lsl;dsf] ;+/rgfsf] sf/0fn] r/fx?sf]
ljljwtf a9\g] x'G5, cyjf gsf/fTds k|efj h:t} /;fogx?sf] sf/0fn] vfg]kfgL k|b'lift
x'g hfG5 .
jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nof+sg ubf{
ƒ;+efljt c;/x? / ltgsf] c;/ slt;Dd x'G5 kQf nufpg]
ƒs'g xb;Ddsf] c;/ rflxF :jLsf/ ug{ ;lsG5 d"Nof+sg ug]{
ƒ:jLsf/ ug{ ;lsg] :t/;Dd Nofpgs]f nflu gsf/fTds c;/ sd ug]{ pkfox? s]
s] x'G5g\ v'nfpg]
o;nfO{ ;/n agfcf}+
Pkm=P;=;L= nfO{ sfdsf] k|s[lt cg';f/ g} k|efj d"Nof+sgsf] :t/ lgwf{/0f x'G5 eGg] s'/f
:ki6 5 . To;sf/0f ;fgf] n]jnsf] s6fg eO/x]sf] 5 eg] d"Nof+sg klg t'ngfTds ?kdf
;/n g} x'G5 . ;fwf/0f jg jw{g sfo{sf] nflu j[xQ/ jftfj/0fLo d"Nof+sg ug'{ gePsf]
eljiofs]f nflu of] of] x'g'k5{ eGg] lsl;dsf] ;'emfjdfq /]s8{ ug'{ xf] . o;n] t gsf/fTds
;f]rsf] kf] ljsf; u/fpF5 . h:t} o;sf gsf/fTds c;/x? s] s] x'G5g\ < cyjf ug{
vf]h]sf] sfd s;/L lju|G6 eGg] dfq n]lvG5 . xfdLn] s:tf] lsl;dsf] c;/x? kg{ ;S5g\
eGg] s'/fsf] c8\sn ug{ ;lsof] eg] tL c;/x? gcfpg] u/L sfd ug{ u/fpg ;lsG5 .
pbfx/0fs]f nflu ;8s lgdf{0f ubf{ ;8ssf] bfFofafFof kfgLn] df6f] vf]Nb} eTsfpFb} e'Ifo x'G5
eGg] s'/f xfdLn] klxn] ;f]Rg] xf] eg] ;8s agfpFbf g} 9n lgdf{0fdf hf]8 lbg ;lsG5 .
c?;Fu k/fdz{ ug'{xf];\
cfkm\gf] sfo{If]q ;fgf] 5 cyjf lglZrt lsl;dsf] cWoog u/fpg cfjZos kg]{ >f]t h'6fpg
;lsb}g eg] c?sf] /fo;Nnfx lng] sfd emg dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . tkfO{sf] jg If]q, tkfO{n] ug{
vf]h]sf] sfd –h:t} ;8s lgdf{0f_ o;n] kfg{ ;Sg] k|efj cyjf gsf/fTds c;/ sd ug{
ckgfpg ;lsg] pko'Qm ljlwsf] af/]df kof{Kt hfgsf/L ePsf dflg;;Fu k/fdz{ ug'{kb{5 .
cfkm\gf] If]qdf sfd ug]{ Joj;flos jg k|fljlws, hLj lj1 cyjf jftfj/0fljbx?n] k|fs[lts
jftfj/0fdf kg{ ;Sg] c;/. sd ug{ s] s] ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] s'/fsf] /fd|f] ;Nnfx lbG5g\ .
sfd ug{ 5gf}6 u/]sf] 7]s]bf/ -h:t} s6fg ug{ jf ;8s agfpg]_ ;Fu dfq} /fo ;Nnfx,
k/fdz{ lng' Tolt pko'Qm x'Fb}g lsgsL pgLx? cfkm'nfO{ kmfObf k'Ug] / ;lhnf] x'g] s'/fdfq
;'emfj lbG5g\ .
jftfj/0fLo k|efj d'Nof+sg
(EIA) eg]sf]
k|:tfljt sfd jf ck/]zgn] k|fs[lts
jftfj/0fdf ;sf/fTds jf gsf/fTds s]
s:tf] k|efj kfg{ ;S5g\ eGg] s'/fsf] d'Nof+sg
g} xf] . o;f] ug'{sf] d'Vo p2]Zo eg]sf] g} jg
Joj:yfksn] jftfj/0fLo k|efjnfO{ cfTd;ft
u/]sf] 5 / d"Nof+sgn] b]vfP cg';f/ cfkm\gf]
of]hgfdf ;Defljt gsf/fTds c;/ sd ug]{
u/L cfjZos kl/jt{g u5{ eGg] s'/fsf]
;'lglZrt ug'{ xf] .
Pkm=P;=;L=sf l;4fGt tyf cfwf/x?df of]]
;DalGw k|fjwfg
l;4fGt 5 M jftfj/0fLo k|efj
Pkm=P;=;L=n] jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nof+sg u/]sf]
/ o;nfO{ Joj:yfkg of]hgfdf ;dfj]z u/]sf] 5
eGg] s'/f vf]Hb5 . o:tf] d"Nof+sgdf e'b[Zo:t/sf
c;/b]lv k|zf]wg:yn ;Dd kg]{ k|efjnfO{ ;d]6]sf]
x'g' kb{5 . o:tf] d"Nof+sg sfd z'? x'g' cufj}
ul/;Sg' kb{5 . o:tf] d'Nof+sg jg Joj:yfksf]
bfo/f / ;3gtf;Fu ldNg] tyf c;/ kg]{ >f]tsf]
cl4lto dxTj cg';f/s} ug'{kb{5 eGg] s'/f hf]8
lbPsf] 5 .
tn lbOPsf @ lsl;dsf c;/x?df ljrf/
k'¥ofpg' kb{5 .
ƒ jg ;Daw{gsf] ;du|tfdf kg]{ c;/
ƒ= jftfj/0fLo lx;fan] gf]S;fgL x'g] vf;
sfd ubf{ kg]{ lglZrt k|efj
lj;{g} gx'g] dxTjk"0f{ s'/f eg]sf] s'g}
gsf/fTds c;/ t b]lvg] xf]O{g < olb xf] eg]
To:tf c;/ cfpg' cufl8 g} cfkm\gf]
of]hgfnfO{ kl/dfh{g u/L gsf/fTds c;/
sd ug]{ tkm{ nfUg' k5{ eGg] xf] .
!= jg ;Daw{gsf] ;du| k|efj
tkfO{sf] of]hgf cg';f/ bL3{sflng / ;du| k|efj s] xf] < olb tkfO{n] gofF sfd –
h:t} j[Iff/f]k0f_ ub}{ x'g'x'G5 eg] rflxF of] :t/sf] d"Nof+sg dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . glhs
glhs g} ljleGg lsl;dsf jg ;Da4{gsf sfdx? u/L /fVg'ePsf] 5 eg] klg of]
ph'/L x'g ;S5 . t/ ;fgf] vfnsf jg ;Daw{gsf sfdx? dfq x'g eg] of] :t/sf]
d"Nof+sg Tolt pkof]uL x'Gg . o:tf] d'Nof+sgn] jgdf s:tf] lsl;dsf] km]/jbn eof],
lj?jf pTkfbg / kfgL Joj:yfkgdf s:tf] kl/jt{g b]lvof] / ;du|df h}ljs ljljwtf
k|aw{gdf jgs]f s:tf] k|efj k¥of] eGg] s'/f ljrf/ ug'{kb{5 . An example: a lot of
very small woodlots on the sides of a river valley could have a very major
impact (positive or negative) on water provision downstream. Before making
radical changes to the management or extraction, the woodlot owners and the
group manager should consider the downstream consequences.
@= k|ToIf / ck|ToIf k|efjsf] lglZrt d"Nof+sg
o;tf] d"Nof+sg rflxF lglZrt sfd ;DkGg ubf{ To;n] jftfj/0f gf]S;fgL gxf];\ eGg] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrt
ug{sf] ul/G5 . ;fg]f :s]ndf g} ul/P klg jftfj/0fdf t'?Gt} c;/ ug]{ s]xL sfdx? oL x'g\ M
ƒ/v 9fNg] –slxn] / s;/L ?v 9flnP_
ƒu'8fpg] af6f] –s;/L / sxfFaf6 d'8fx? aflx/ NofOof]_
ƒ/;fogsf] k|of]u –h:t} ls6gfzs cf}iflw_
ƒj[Iff/f]k0f –ljz]if u/L cfofltt k|hflt_
ƒlgdf{0f -k|zf]wg d]l;g, ;ldn, cfjf; tyf uf]bfdx?_
ƒkmf]xf]/ ldNsfpg] -;ldnsf] kmf]xf]/, OGwg÷t]n÷ljiffbLsf efF8f? cflb s;/L / sxfF y'kfl/G5g\ _
;fgf sfdx?sf] xsdf jftfj/0fLo k|efj eg]sf] tkfO{n] lbglbg} h'g h'g sfdx? ug'{x'G5, ug'{ cufl8
cfkm\gf] sdg;]G; k|of]u ug'{Xf];\ . s]xL sfd ug'{ cufl8 To;af6 kg{ ;Sg] c;/sf] af/]df ;f]Rg] xf] . t;
tkfO{ gofF sfd ul//fVg' ePsf] 5 eg] cyjf gofF :yfgdf Intervane ub}{ x'g'x'G5 eg] rflx
cf}krfl/s d"Nof+sg u/fpg'xf];\ .
kl/jt{g ug]{
cg'udg
olb tkfO{n] ;Defljt c;/ klxNofpg' ePsf] 5 /
;f]xL adf]lhd c;/ sd ug{sf] nflu cfkm\gf
of]hgfdf kl/jt{g ug'{ePsf] 5 eg] klg ;fFlRrs}
cEof;df rflxF s] eof] t eGg] s'/f r]s ug{ eGg]
ge'Ng' xf]nf . csf]{ zAbdf eGg] xf] eg] :ynut
?kd} rflxF s:tf s:tf c;/ k/]sf 5g\ ltgsf]
cg'udg ug'{;\ eGg] xf] .
yk hfgsf/L
cg'udg ;DaGwL yk hfgsf/L rflxPdf la|lkmª gf]6
% - ;/n cg'udg tl/sf_ / lj|lkmª gf]6 $ -pRr
dxTjsf jg / h}ljs ljljwtf_ x]g{ ;lsG5 .
sfd ul/xfNg'xf];\ : gsf/fTds k|efjsf] d'Nof+sg xf]l;of/Lk"j{s ug'{xf];\, r'k
gnfUg'xf];\, tTsfn} To:tf k|efj sd ug{ sfd yfnL xfNg'xf];\, ;d:of b]lvP eg]
cfkm\gf] sfd ug]{ tl/sf kl/jt{g ug'{xf];\ h:t} ?v 9fNg] jf ljiffbL 5s{g] tl/sf
abNg'xf];\ . ;–;fgf sfdsf] EIA eg]sf] EIA n]lvPsf 7"n7"nf l/kf]{6 agfpg] xf]Og, of]
t ;Defljt ;d:of kQf nufpg] / ;d:of cfpg} glbg' kf] xf] t . o; cGtu{t jg
;Daw{g sfo{ s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] lg0f{o ug]{ sfd kb{5g\ . pbfx/0fsf] nflu b'n{e
jg gf]S;fgL x'G5 eGg] tkfO{nfO{ nfu]sf] 5 eg] tkfO{n] s6fg of]hgfdf kl/jt{g u/L
sf7 l3;fg]{ uf]/]6fx? Psbd} yf]/} agfpg] lg0f{o lng ;Sg'x'G5 .
•tkfO{n] pQm dflg;nfO{ klg dgfpg ;Sg'kb{5 . obL 7"nf 7"nf lgdf{0fsf sfd
aflx/L 7]s]bf/dfkm{t u/fpFb} x'g'x'G5 eg] pgLx?;Fu a;]/ jftfj/0fLo k|efj af/]
cfkm\gf] rf;f] af/] 5nkmn ug'{];\ . pgLx?nfO{ k|i6 ?kdf elglbg'xf];\ ls of] of] s'/f
gug'{xf]nf / pko'Qm tl/sfdf ;xdlt lbg'xf];\ .
pbfx/0fsf] nflu 7]s]bf/;Fu sfd ;DkGg ePkl5 /x]sf kmf]xf]/x? h:t} OGwgsf 8«dx?,
ljiffbLsf efF8f;d]t ;'/lIft tl/sfn] lj;h{g ug]{ u/L ;Demf}tf ug'{;\ .
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October 2008