REFERENCES
Abel, P.D., 1980. Toxicity of rBHC (Lindane) to Gammarus pulex: Mortality in
relation to concentration and duration of exposure. Fresh W Biol.,
10(3): 251-260.
Abolins-Krogis, A., 1961. Histochemistry of the hepatopancreas of Helix
pomatia (L) in relation to regeneration of the shell. Ark. Zool., 13: 159201.
Adams, C.W.M. and Sloper, J.C., 1955. Technique of demonstrating
neurosecretory material in the human hypothalamus. Lancet, 1(6865):
651-652.
Adams, C.W.M. and Sloper, J.C., 1956. The hypothalamic elaboration of
posterior pituitary principles in man, the rat and dog. J. Endocr., 13,
221-228.
Agwuocha, S., Kulkarni, B.G. and Pandey, A.K., 2011. Histopathological
alterations in hepatopancreas of Gafrarium divaricatum exposed to
xylene, benzene and gear oil-WSF. Journal of Environmental Biology,
32(1): 35-38.
Alexandrova, O.A., 1987. Histochemical and ultrastructural study of the
mantle edge epithelium in two bivalve mollusc species Margaritana
margaritifera and Anodonta cygnea. Tsitologiya, 29(9): 995-1001.
Aliakrinskaia, I.O., 1974. Myoglobin concentration in the musculature of the
radular apparatus of mollusks of the genus Buccinum. Zh. Evol.
Biokhim. Fiziol, 10(4):404-5.
Alice, 1996. Water: A Natural History. New York, NY: Basic Books. 155.
Alonte, F., 1930. Biology of Vivipara, Philippine. Agricult, 19.
Amoroso, E.l., Margaret, I., Baxter, F.R.S., Chiquoine, A.D. and Nisbet,
R.H., 1964. The fine structure of neurons and other elements in the
nervous system of the giant African land sail Archachatina marginata.
Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond., 160: 167-80.
147 Analytical Chemists job description, http://www.123oye.com/jobdescriptions/a/analytical-chemist.htm Analytical, retrieved 9 May
2008.
Ando, T., Kanazawa, A., Teshima, S. and Miyawski, 1979. Sterol components
of coral reef molluscs. Mar. Biol., (Berlin) 50: 169-172.
Andrade, S.C.S. and Solferini, V.N., 2006. The influence of size on the
radula
of
Littoraria
angulifera
(Gastropoda:
Littorinidae).
Malacologia, 49(1): 1–5.
Andrews, E.B., 1965. The functional anatomy of the prosobranch gastropod
Pomacea canaliculata and of some other pilids. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,
145(1): 19-36.
Andrews, E.B., 1971. The fine structure of the nervous system of Bithynia
tentaculata (Prosobranchia) in relation to possible neurosecretory
activity. Veliger, 14: 13-23.
Annandale, T.N., 1921. The edge of the mantle and the external
ornamentation of the shell in the Banded Pond snail of India: Vivipara
bengalensis- Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 22: 243-266.
Antonella Franchini and Enzo Ottaviani., 1992. Histochemical,
immunocytochemical and ultrastructural observations of intestinal cell
types in the freshwater snail Planorbarius corneus. Tissue and cell, 24(3):
387-396.
Arcadi, J.A., 1963. Some mucous–producing cells of the garden slug (Lehmania
poirieri). Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 106: 451-457.
Arcadi, J.A., 1967. The two types of mucous gland cells in the integument of
the slug, Lehmania poirieri (Mebille): A study in metachromasy.
Metachromasy. Trans. Am. Micros. Soc., 86(4): 506-509.
Aruna Kumari, B., 1982. Studies on Thiarid snails of Andhra Pradesh with
special reference to Melania crenulata (Deshayes) Ph.D Thesis submitted
to Andhra University, India (Unpublished).
Auriemma, R. and Battistella, S., 2004. Biochemical and histological
alterations of Mytilus galloprovincialis digestive gland after exposure to
okadaic acid and derivatives. ISJ 1: 66-71.
148 Babula, A. and Skowronska-wendland, D., 1988. Histological and
histochemical studies of the digestive system of the slug Deroceras
reticulatus (Muller, Pulmonata). Sci. Biol., 26(0): 65-72.
Baby, R.L., Hanson, I., Kabir, K.A. and Naser, M.N., 2010. Nutrient analysis
of some commercially important Molluscs of Bangladesh. J. Sci. Res.,
2(2): 390-396.
Baker, J.A., 1956. Histochemical recognition of phenols especially tyrosine. Q.
JI. Microsc. Sci., 97: 161–164.
Bala Jagannadha Rao, K. and Kishore, B., 2007. Observations on the effects of
the detergent Rin on the frog Rana cyanophlyctis Schneider (Amphibia:
Anura). J. of The Ekol., 7 (1 – 2): 107–112.
Bala Jagannadha Rao, K., 1997. Some aspects of Histopathology,
Histochemistry of Rana cyanophlyctis Schneider (Amphibia: Anura) of
Kondakarla lake with reference to effects of detergent `Rin’. Ph.D
Thesis submitted to Andhra University, India (Un published).
Bambang Retnoaji., 2002. Histological responses of Radix quadrasi
(Mollusca: Gastropoda) to metaldehyde and niclosamide. Biologi.,
2(14): 877-889.
Bancroft, J.D. and Cook, H.C., 1996. Manual of histological techniques.
Edinburgh: Churchill-Livingstone.
Bancroft, J.D., 1975. `Histochemical techniques’ Butterworths, London and
Boston.
Banu, A., Shyamasundari, K. and Rao, K.H., 1979. Mucous cells in the foot of
pelecypods. Mikroskopie, 35 (5-6): 151-160.
Barfurth, D., 1880. Die `Leber’ der Gastropoden ein hepatopancreas. Zool.
Anz., 3: 499-502.
Bargmann, W., 1949. Uber die neurosekretorische verknupfung von
Hypothalamous and und neurohypophyse. Z. Zellforach. Milrosk.
Anat., 34: 610–634.
149 Barnes, H.Y. and Blackstock, J., 1973. Estimation of lipids in marine animals
and tissues. Detailed investigation of sulphophosphovanillin method
for total lipids. J. expt. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 12(10): 103-118.
Bayne, B., 1973. Aspects of the metabolism of Mytilus edulis during starvation.
Neth. J. Sea. Res., 7: 399-410.
Belanger, S.E, Davidson, D.H, Cherry, D.S, Farris, J.L and Reed, D., 1993.
Effects of cationic surfactant exposure to a bivalve mollusc in stream
mesocosms. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 12(10): 17891802.
Benedetti, I., Benedetti, L., Bolognani, L., Bolognani Fantin, A.M., Marini,
M., Ottaviani, E., 1982. Effect of pollution on some freshwater species.
I. histochemical and biochemical features of lead pollution on some
organs of Viviparus viviparus L. (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Basic Appl
Histochem. 26(2): 79-87.
Bhaskaran, P., Gopalakrishnaswamy, G. and Satyamamba, 1991. Impact of
commercial detergent Nirma on feeding energetics and protein
metabolism in the freshwater fish Oriochromis masambicus. J. Ecotoxic.
Environ. Monitor., 1(1): 31-40.
Bhavani, G. and Shareif, D.S., 2003. Bioabsorption of cadmium and mercury
by mussel-Perna viridis. Eco. Env. Conserv., 9 (3): 285-289.
Bhide, M., Gupta, P., Khan, A., Dubey, U., Thakur, P., Nema, P. and Jain,
S., 2006. Morphological and biochemical studies on the different
developmental stages of a freshwater snail, Lymnaea stagnalis
(Lymnaeidae) after treatment with some pesticides. J. Environ.
Biol., 27: 359–366.
Bickell-Page, L.R., 1991. Repugnatorial glands with associated striated
muscle and sensory cells in Melibe leonina (Mollusca: Nudibranchia).
Zoomorphology, 110: 281-291.
Bijoy, C., Ramesh, M. and Manavala Ramanujam, R., 2003. Lethal and sublethal effects of the synthetic detergent on liver, muscle and branchial
Na+, K+ ATPase enzyme activity in Labeo rohita. Indian J. of Fish, 50(3):
405–408.
150 Binot, D. and Chetail, M., 1968. The mucocytes of the mantle of Arion rufus
and their development, histology and histochemistry. Ann.
Histochem., 13 (1): 73–82.
Boer, H.H. and Kits, K.S., 1990. Histochemical and ultrastructural studies of
the alimentary tract of the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis. Journal of
Morphology, 205(1): 97-111.
Boer, H.H., 1965. A cytological and cytochemical study of neurosecretory cells
in Basommatophora, with particular reference to Lymnaea stagnalis L.
Archs. Neerl. de Zool., 16: 313-386.
Boer, H.H., Moorer-van Delft, C.M., Müller, L.J., Kiburg, B.,Vermorken, J.B.
and Heimans, J.J., 1995. Ultrastructural and neuropathological effects
of taxol on neurons of the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis. J. NeuroOncol., 25: 49–57.
Boer, H.H., Roubos, E.W., Dalen, H.V. and Groesbeek, J.R.F.T., 1977.
Neurosecretion in the basommatophoran snail, Bulinus truncatus.
(Gastropoda: Pulmonata). Cell. Tissue. Res., 176 (1): 57-68.
Boettger, C., 1955. Zoogeographische Betrachtungen uber Viviparus. Arch.
Molluskenk, 84.
Breure, A.S.H. and Gittenberger, E., 1982. The rock scraping radula a striking
case of convergence (Mollusca). Neth. Joun. Zool., 32(3): 307-312.
Brown, S.C., 1969. The structure and function of the digestive system of the
mud snail Nassarius obsoletus (Say). Malacologia, 9(2): 447-500.
Bubel, A., 1984. Epidermal cells. In: Biology of the integument. Vol. 1:
Invertebrates (J. Bereiter-Hahn, A.G. Matolsky & K.S. Richards, eds),
pp. 400-441 Springer-verlag, Berlin.
Bullock, T.H. and Horridge, G.A., 1965. Structure and function of the
nervous systems of invertebrates Vol. 2. San Francisco: Freeman: 12831386.
Burch, J.B. and Jeong, K.H., 1984. The radular teeth of various of the
Planorbidae studies show certain common distinctive characteristics.
Malacol. Rev., 17(1- 2): 67-84.
151 Burkhardt, F., 1916. Das Korperepithel Von Helix pomatia L. Inaug. Dissert.
Marburg, 1-30.
Butterfield, N.J., 2008. “An early Cambrian radula”. Journal of paleontology,
82(3): 543-554.
Campbell, J.L., 1965. The structure and function of the alimentary canal of the
black abalone, Haliotis cracherodii (Leach). Trans. Amer. micros. Soc.,
84(3): 376-395.
Campion, M., 1961. The structure and function of the cutaneous glands in
Helix aspersa. Q. Jl. microsc. Sci., 102: 195–216.
Carleton, H.M. and Drury, R.A.B., 1957. Histological techniques. 3rd edit. Oxford University Press, 264-265.
Carpenter, K.E., 1924. A study of the fauna of rivers polluted by lead mining
in the Aberystwyth district of Cardiganshire. Annal. Applied Biol.,
11(1): 1–23.
Carriker, M., 1975. Radular anomaly in Urosalpinx cinerea (Gastropoda:
Muricidae). Nautilus, 89(3): 91-94.
Carriker, M.R. and Bilstad, N.M., 1946. Histology of the alimentary system of
the snail L. stagnalis appressa. Trans. Amer. micros. Soc., 65(3): 250-275.
Carroll, N.V., Longley, R.W. and Roe, J.H., 1956. Glycogen determination in
liver and muscle by use of anthrone. J. Biol. Chem., 220: 583-593.
Cathy, M.P. and Mary, C., 1989. Ultrastructure and histochemistry of the
post-oesophagus of Nassarius reticulatus (Linnaeus). J. Mollus. Stud.,
55(3): 313-322.
Cengiz, E.I., Yildirim, M.Z., Otludil, B. and Unlu, E., 2005. Histopathological
effects of thiodan on the freshwater snail Galba truncatula (Gastropoda:
pulmonata). J. Applied Toxicol., 25 (8): 484-489.
Chantler, P. D. 1983. Biochemical and structural aspects of molluscan muscle.
In: A. S. M. Saleuddin & K. M. Wilbur, editors. The Mollusca Vol. 4,
Physiology, Part 1, New York: Academic Press. 77-154.
152 Chaparro, O.R., Bahamondes-Rojas, I., Vergara, A.M. and Rivera, A. A.,
1998. Histological characteristics of the foot and locomotory activity of
Crepidula dilatata Lamarck (Gastropoda: Calyptraeidae) in relation to
sex changes. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 223(1): 77-91.
Chase, R., 2000. Structure and function of the cerebral ganglion in Helix.
Microscopy Research and Technique, 49(6): 511-520.
Chaudhari, R.D. and Kulkarni, A.B., 1994. Alterations in the carbohydrate
metabolism due to monocrotophos toxicity of the terrestrial snail
Zootecus insularis. Env Eco., 12 (1): 119-122.
Chaudhari, T.R. and Lomte, V.S., 1990. Impact of pesticides on lipid content
of foot, mantle and digestive gland of Bellamya (Viviparus) bengalensis.
Ind. J. Inv. Zool. Aqua. Biol. 2: 27-30.
Cheng Bo., Shu, F., Zhang, C. and Guo, S., 2010. Histological study on the
digestive system of Cristaria plicata (Leach). Journal of Anhui
Agricultural Sciences, 7: 3496-3498.
Chetail, M. and Biont, D., 1967. Histochemical nature of the pedal gland and
sole of the foot in Arion rufus. Malacologia, 5 (2): 269-284.
Chetty, A.N and Indira, K., 1995. Adaptive changes in the glucose
metabolism of a bivalve to ambient ammonia stress. Bulletin of
Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 54(1): 83-89.
Chevremont, M. and Frederic, J., 1943. Une nouvelle method histochemique
de mise on evidence des substance a function sulfhydrile. Application
a ’1’ epiderme, an poli et al. la levure. Archos. Biol., 54: 587-605.
Chou, J.T.Y., 1957. The chemical composition of lipid globules in the neurons
of Helix aspersa. Quart. J. microsc. Sci., 98: 59-64.
Chowdary, V.D., Rao, P.V. and Narayanan, R., 1981. Effect of copper
sulphate and sodium pentachlorophenate on adenine and andenosine
phosphates in Lymnaea luteola (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Bull. Environ.
Contam. Toxicol., 23(4/5): 615-619.
Christensen, G.M., Hunt, E. and Frandt, J.T., 1977. The effect of methyl
mercuric chloride, cadmium chloride and lead nitrate on six
biochemical factors of the brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis. Toxicol.
Appl. Pharmacol., 41: 523-530.
153 Christiane, T., Thomas, B. and Andreas, W., 2008. The nervous system of the
basal mollusk Wirenia argentea (Solenogasters): a study employing
immunocytochemical and 3D reconstruction techniques. Marine
Biology Research, 4 (4): 290-303.
Claybrook, D.C., 1983. In: The Biology of Crustacea. Internal anatomy and
physiological regulation (Edited by Mantel L. H.) Academic Press, New
York. pp. 163-202.
Cleland, D.M., 1954. A study of the habits of Valvata piscinalis (Muller) and
the structure and function of the alimentary canal and reproductive
system. Proc. malac. Soc. Lond., 30: 167-203.
Coggeshall, R.E., 1967. A light and electron microscope study of the
abdominal ganglion of Aplysia californica. J. Neurophysiol., 30:
1265-1287.
Commoner Barry, 1971. The Closing Circle: Nature, Man, and Technology.
New York, NY: Random House.
Cook, H., 1966. Morphology and histology of the central nervous system of
Succinea putris (L). Arch. Neerl. Zool., 17: 1-72.
Cook, H., 1987. Functional aspects of mucous producing glands of the
stylommatophoran slug, Veronicella floridana. J. Zool. (Lond), 211(2):
291-306.
Cowden, R.R., 1963. Some histochemical observations on the foot of Chiton
tuberculatum L. Trans. Am. micros. Soc., 82 (4): 406-416.
Creek, G.A., 1953. The morphology of Acme fusca (Montagu) with special
reference to the genital system. Proc. malac. Soc. Lond., 29: 228-240.
Crofts, D.R., 1929. `Haliotis’. L.M.B.C. Mem. typ. Br. mar. Pl. Anim., 29: 1-174.
Cui, L.B., Liu, C.L., Lin, X. and Lu, Y.H., 2001. Structure and function of
mucous epithelium of the intestine in Haliotis discus hannai. Acta
Zoologica Sinica, 3: 324-328.
*Cui, L.B., Liu, C.L., Lin, X. and Lu, Y.H., 2001a. The cell types and secretion
of the digestive gland in Haliotis discus hannai. Acta Zoologica Sinica, 1.
154 Cui, L.B., Liu, C.L., Wang, L.J. and Lu, Y.H., 1995. The histological studies on
the alimentary tract of adult Haliotis discus hannai. Journal of Yantai
University, 4: 125-130.
Cui, L.B., Zhou, J.M. and Lu, Y.H., 2000. Histological and histochemical study
on the digestive system of Solen gouldii Conrad. Marine Fisheries
Research, 2: 18-21.
Culling, C.F.A., 1974. Handbook of histopathological and histochemical
techniques. Butterworths.
Curtis, S.K. and Cowden, R.R., 1977. Ultrastructure and histochemistry of the
supportive structures associated with the radula of the slug, Limax
maximus. J. Morphol., 151(2): 187-212.
da Silva, F.M. and Hodgson, A.N., 1987. Fine structure of the pedal muscle of
the whelk Bullia rhodostoma Reeve: Correlation with function. Comp.
Biochem. Physiol. A., 87: 143-149.
Das, V.K., Singh, N.N., Sobha Das, Vinod kumar, M. and Viswanathan,
P.N., 1996. Linear alkyl benzene sulphonate induced alterations in the
kidney of Cyprinus corpio. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. India., 66(B) II: 151-153.
De Bruin, A., 1976. Biochemical toxicology of environmental agents. Elsevier
North Holland. Biomedical Press. Amsterdam.
Deborah, H., 1973. Observations on the structure and function of the buccal
mass of Planorbarius corneus (L). Proc. malac. Soc. Lond., 40: 505-521.
Delhaye, W., 1974. Morphological and histochemical studies on the pedal
glands of gastropod Prosobranchia and their possible role in the
osmotic regulation of Pomatiassidae and Chondropomidae. Forma
Functio., 7 (3): 181-200.
Demian, E.S., 1962. Comparative morphological studies on the buccal mass of
the Lymnaecea Goteborgs Kungel Vetensk Vitterhets Samhaldes Handl
Sjtte. Foljden. Ser. B 9(3): 4-30.
Demian, E.S., 1964. The anatomy of the alimentary system of Marisa
cornuarietis (L). Medd. Goteborgs Mus. Zool. Avd. 138 (Goteborgs K.
Vetensk. Vitterh. Samh. Handl. Ser. B., 9(7): 1-75.
155 *Deng, Z.R. and Huang, B., 2009. Histological study of the digestive tract in
Sipunculus nudus Linnaeus, 1766. Marine Sciences, 4.
Denny, M., 1980. The role of gastropod (Agriolimax columbianus) pedal mucus
in locomotion. Nature., 285: 160-161.
Dimitriadis, V.K. and Hondros, D., 1992. Effect of starvation and hibernation
on the fine structural morphology of the digestive gland cells of the
snail Helix lucorum. Malacologia, 34: 63-73.
Dorsett, D.A., 1968. The pedal neurons of Aplysia punctata. J. exp. Biol., 48(1):
127-140.
Doudroff, H.P., 1957. Water quality requirements of fishes and effects of toxic
substances. In: The physiology of Fishes. Ed. By M.E. Brown, Vol.1,
Academic Press, New York, 447 pp.
Duffus J.H., 1980. Environmental Toxicology. (Resource and Environmental
Science Series). Edward Arnold, London, 1-6.
Eble, A.F., 2001. Anatomy and histology of Mercenaria mercenaria. In: J.N.
Kraeuter and M. Castagna, editors. Biology of the hard clam. New
York: Elsevier: 117-220.
El-Shenawy, N.S, Greenwood, R. and Abdel-Nabi, I.M., 2007. Histological
responses of marine mussel; Mytilus edulis to long-term exposure to
sub-lethal level of lindane and atrazine. Acta Zoological Sinica, 53(5):
899-909.
El-Shenawy, N.S, Maowad, T.I.S., Mohallal, M.E., Abdel-Nabi, I.M. and
Tah, I.A., 2009. Histopathological biomarker response of clam,
Ruditapes decussates, to organophosphorous pesticides reldan and
roundup: A laboratory study. Ocean Science Journal, 44(1): 27-34.
Elves, M.W., 1961. The histology of the foot of Discus rotundatus and the
locomotion of gastropod mollusca. Proc. malac. Soc. Lond., 34: 346–355.
El-Wakil, H.B. and Radwan, M.A., 1991. Biochemical studies on the
terrestrial snail, Eobania vermiculata (Muller) treated with some
pesticides, J. Environ. Sci. Health, B 26: 479–489.
Emerson, D.N., 1967. Carbohydrate oriented metabolism of Planorbarius
corneus during starvation. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 22: 571-579.
156 Essawy, A.E., Abdelmeguied, N.E., Radwan, M.A., Hamed, S.S. and Hegazy,
A.E., 2009. Neuropathological effect of carbamate molluscicides on the
land snail, Eobania vermiculata. Cell. Biol. Toxicol., 25: 275-290.
Fernandez, J. and Fernandez, M.S., 1972. Nervous system of the snail Helix
aspersa. 3. Electron microscopic study of neurosecretory nerves and
endings in the ganglionic sheath. Z Zellforsch Mikrosk Anat., 135: 473482.
Finney, D. J., 1971. Probit Analysis. 3rd ed, Cambridge University Press,
London, 333pp.
Fishelson, L. and Lazor, G.Q., 1966. Foot anatomy in the gastropod Gena varia
(Prosobranchia: Trochidae). Veliger, 9 (1): 8.
Fisher, E.R. and Lillie, R.D., 1954. The effect of methylation on basophilia. J.
Histochem. Cytochem., 2: 81-87.
Fisher, W.K., 1904. Anatomy of Lottia gigantea. Zool. Jb. Abt. Anat., 20.
Francesco, M. and Maria, B.R., 1985. Morphological and histochemical study
of the epidermal and sub-epidermal gland cells of Amyclina corniculum,
Amyclina tenei and Cyclope neritea (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zool. Anz.,
214 (1/2): 18-24.
Frank, E.J., 1914. Beitrage zur Anatomie der Trochiden (Monodonta turbinata,
Gibbula cinerea, Photinula taeniata). Jena. Z. Naturw., 51: 377–486.
Fretter, V. and Graham, A., 1962. British prosobranch molluscs. Ray Society,
London. 755pp.
Fretter, V., 1943. Studies on the functional morphology and embryology of
Onchidella seltica (Forbes and Hanley) and their bearings in its
relationships. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., 25(4): 685-720.
Fretter, V., 1948. The structure and life history of minute prosobranchs of rock
pools: Skeneopsis planorbis (fabricius), Omalogyra atomus (Philippi),
Rissoella diaphana (Alder) and Rissoella opalina (Jeffreys). J. mar. biol.
Ass. U.K., 27: 597-632.
Fretter, V., 1951. Some observations on the British cypraeids. Proc. malac. Soc.
Lond., 29: 14-20.
157 Fretter, V., 1952. Experiments with P32 and I131 on species of Helix, Arion and
Agriolimax. Quart. J. Micros. Sci., 93: 133-146.
Fretter, V., 1956. The anatomy of the prosobranch Circulus striatus (Philippi)
and a review of its systematic position. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 126: 369381.
Fretter, V., 1976. The anatomy and feeding of the volutacean prosobranch,
Volvarina taeniolata Morch. J. Moll. Stud., 42: 327-336.
Fujioka, Y., 1982. Secondary sexual characters found in the dimorphic radula
of Drupella (Gastropoda: Muricidae) with reference to its taxonomic
revision. Venus Japn. J. Malacol., 40(4): 203-224.
Fujioka, Y., 1984. Sexual dimorphic radula in Cronia margaricola and Morula
masiva (Gastropoda: Muricidae). Venus. Jap. J. Malacol/Kaizatsu.,
43(4): 315-330.
Fujioka, Y., 1985. Seasonal aberrant radular formation in Thais bromi (Dunker)
and T. clavigera (Kluster) (Gastropoda: Muricidae) J. Exp. Mar. Biol.
Ecol., 90(1): 43-54.
Gabe, M., 1951. Donnees histologiques sur is neurosecretion chez les
Pterotracheidae (heteropodes). Rev. Can. Biol., 10: 391-410.
Gabe, M., 1953a. Particularites histologiques des cellules neurosecretrices
chez quelques prosobranches Monotocardes. Cr. Hebd. Seanc. Acad.
Sci. Paris., 236: 333-336.
Gabe, M., 1953b. Particularites histologiques des cellules neurosecretrices
chez quelques Gastropodes Opisthobranches. Ibid., 236: 2161-2163.
Gainey, L.F., 1976. Locomotion in the Gastropoda: functional morphology of
the foot in Neritina reclivata and Thais rustica. Malacologia, 15: 411–431.
Galvao, P., Torres, P.J., Malm, O. and Rebelo, M., 2010. Sudden cadmium
increases in the digestive gland of scallop, Nodipecten nodosus (L)
Farmed in the Tropics. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, 85 (5): 463-466.
158 Garcia–Gasca, A., Ochoa-Baez, R.I. and Betancourt, M., 1994. Microscopic
anatomy of mantle of the pearl oyster Pinctada mazatlanica (Hanley,
1856). J. Shell. Res., 13: 85-91.
Georgievics, Georg, and Charles Thomas Colley Salter., 1902. The chemical
technology of textile fibres, Scott, Greenwood, 81.
Ghose, K.C., 1961. Observations on the digestive enzymes and cellulolytic
bacteria of the giant land snail, Achatina fulica and their occurrence in
the Gastropoda. Proc. malac. Soc. Lond., 35: 119.
Ghose, K.C., 1963. The alimentary system of Achatina fulica. Trans. Amer.
Micros. Soc., LXXXII: 49-67.
Giese, A.C., 1966. Lipids in the economy of marine invertebrates. Physiol.
Rev., 244-298.
Gil, J.M., Marigomez, I.A., Angulo, E., 1989. Histophysiology of
polysaccharide and lipid reserves in various tissues of Littorina littorea
exposed to sub lethal concentrations of cadmium, Comp. Biochem.
Physiol., 94C : 641–648.
Glaister, J.R., 1986. In principles of toxicological pathology. Taylor & Francis,
London Philadelphia.
Gloria Maria Allende Ladoux., 1993. Fine structure events in mantle tissues
of the pinto abalone Haliotis kamtschatkana (J.H. Jonas, 1845) which are
associated with the culture of mabe pearls. Thesis submitted to Simon
Fraser University (Un Published).
Gomori, G., 1950. Aldehyde-fuchsin. A new stain for elastic tissue. American
Journal of Clinical Pathology, 20: 665-668.
Gorf, A., 1961. Untersuchuger uber Neurosekretion bei der Sumpf
dechelschnecke Vivipara vivipara L. Zool. Jb. (Zool. Physiol), 69: 379404.
Gosliner, J.M., 1994. Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia. In: Microscopic
anatomy of invertebrates. Vol. 5: Mollusca I Edited by F.W. Harrison
& A.J. Kohn, New York ; Wiley-Liss, 253-356.
Gostan, G., 1960. Repartition des polysaccaharides chez Rissoa. Bull. Soc.
Zool. Fr., 85: 125-136.
159 Graham, A., 1939. On the structure of the alimentary canal of the style bearing
prosobranchs. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond, B, 109: 75-112.
Graham, A., 1949. The molluscan stomach. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb., 61: 737778.
Graham, A., 1959. The functional morphology of the prosobranch buccal
mass. Inst. Congr. Zool., 15: 370-373.
Graham, A., 1964. The functional anatomy of the buccal mass of the limpet
(Patella vulgata). Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 143: 310-329.
Graham, A., 1973. The anatomical basis of function in the buccal mass of
prosobranch and amphineuran molluscs. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 169(3):
317-348.
Grenon, J.F. and Walker, G., 1978. The histology and histochemistry of the
pedal glandular system of two limpets, Patella vulgata and Acmaea
tessulata (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia). J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K., 58: 803816.
Griebel, R., 1993. Fine structure of the three cell types found in the digestive
gland of Elysia viridis (Opisthobranchia: Sacoglossa). Veliger, 36(2): 107114.
Guardabassi, A. and Piacenza, M., 1958. Le manteau de L’ escargot Helix
pomatia, etude cytologigue et histochemique. Arch. Anat. Microcs.
Morphol. Exptl., 47: 126-131.
Gupta, A.S., 1977. Calcium storage and distribution in the digestive gland of
Bensonia moticola (Gastropoda: Pulmonata): A histophysiological study.
Biological. Bull. Mar. biol. Lab. Woods Hole, 153: 369-76.
Gupta, P.K. and Durve, V.S., 1986. Histopathological changes induced by
pentachlorophenol and sodium pentachlorophenate in the mantle of
the freshwater snail Viviparus bengalensis (L). Acta Hydrochem
Hydrobiol., 14(4): 433-437.
Gupta, P.K., Kangarot, B.S. and Durve, V.S., 1981. The temperature
dependence of the acute toxicity of copper to a freshwater pond snail,
Viviparus bengalensis, L. Hydrobiologia., 83 (3): 461-464.
160 Gurr, E., 1960. `Encyclopedia of microscopic stains, Leonard Hill Ltd.,
London.
Gurr, E., 1962. `Staining animal tissues: Practical and theoretical’. Leonard
Hill (Books) Ltd., London, 631 pp.
Hahn, K. O. 1994. The neurosecretory staining in the cerebral ganglion of the
Japanese abalone (ezoawabi) Haliotis discus hannai, and its relationship
to reproduction. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 93:295-303.
Hale, A.J., 1957. The histochemistry of polysaccharides. Int. Rev. Cytol., 6:
193–263.
Halmi, N.S. and Davies, J., 1953. Comparison of aldehyde fuchsin staining
metachromasia and periodic acid Schiff reactivity of various tissues. J.
Histochem. Cytochem., 1: 447-459.
Hanumante, M.M., Nagabhushanam, R. and Vaidya, D.P., 1979. Aberrations
in the neurosecretory cells of a freshwater pulmonate, Indoplanorbis
exustus, chronically exposed to sub-lethal concentration of two
molluscicides, BaCl2 and CuSO4. Bull. Environm. Contam. Toxicol., 23:
070-072.
Harper, H.A. and Mayers, P.A., 1978. Effects of herbicide baseline on survival
and respiration of freshwater snail, Bellamya bengalensis. Geobios, 15(6):
259-262.
Harper, H.A., 1985. In: Harper’s review of Biochemistry (eds.) D.W. martin, P.
a. Mayes and V. W. Rodwell, Lange Medical Publications, Maruzen,
Asai (Singapore).
Harris, J.E., Watson, A. and Hunt, S., 1973. Histochemical analysis of mucous
in the epidermis of brown trout, Salmo tritta L. J. Fish. Biol., 5: 345–351.
Hart, W.B., Doudroff, P. and Greenback, J., 1945. The evaluation of toxicity
of industrial wastes, chemicals and other substrial wastes, Chemicals
and other substances to freshwater fishes. Wastes Contr. Lab. All. Co.,
317.
Henderson, C., Pickering, Q.H. and Cohen, J.M., 1959. The toxicity of
synthetic detergents and soaps to fish, Sewage ind. Wastes, 31:295–306.
161 Heng, L.Y. and Rusin, S., 2004. The bioaccumulation of trace essential metals
by the freshwater snail Turritella sp. found in the rivers of Borneo east
Malaysia. J. Biol. Sci., 4 (4): 441-444.
Herlant-Meewis, H. and Van Mol, J., 1959. Phenomenes neurosecretories
chez Arion rufus et A. subfuscus. C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris., 249: 321-322.
Hillman, R.E., 1968. Histochemistry of mucosubstances in the mantle of the
clam, Mercenaria mercenaria 1. A glycosaminoglycan in the first
marginal fold. Trans. Am. Micros. Soc., 87(3): 361-367.
Hinton, D.E., Kendall, M.W. and Silver, B.B., 1973. Use of histologic and
histochemical assessment in the prognosis of the effects of aquatic
pollutants. Biological methods for the assessment for water quality.
American Society for Testing and Materials, 194-208.
Houbrick, R.S., 1980. Observations on the anatomy and life history of
Modulus modulus Linnaeus (prosobranchia: Gastropoda). Malacologia,
19: 117-142.
Humason, G.L., 1965. `Animal tissue techniques’. W.H. Freeman and Co., San
Francisco and London.
Hutchinson, L., 1947. Analysis of the activity of Viviparus malleatus (Reeve).
Ecology, 28: 335-345.
Hyman, L.H., 1967. The invertebrates. 6. Mollusca 1: New York, McGraw –
Hill.
Indira Devi, M., 1993. Studies on the histology and histochemistry of Gabbia
orcula Var producta (Benson) Ph.D thesis submitted in Andhra
University, Visakhapatnam (Un Published).
Ito, A., Ilano, A.S. and Nakao, S., 2002. Seasonal and tidal height variations in
body weight and radular length in Nodilittorina radiata (Eydoux and
Souleyet, 1852). Journal of Molluscan Studies, 68: 197-203.
Jabbour-Zahab, R., Chagot, D., Blanc, F. and Grizel, H., 1992. Mantle
histology, histochemistry and ultrastructure of the pearl oyster Pinctada
margaritifera (L.) Aquatic Living Resources, 5: 287-298.
162 Jadhav, S.M. 1993. Impact of pollutants on some physiological aspects of the
freshwater bivalve, Corbicula straitella. Ph.D. Thesis. Marathwada
University, Aurangabad (M.S.) India.
Jagtap, J.T., Shejule, K.B. and Ubarhande, S.B., 2011. Acute effect of TBTCL
on protein alteration in freshwater bivalve, Lamellidens marginalis.
International Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 1(8): 13-16.
Jaiswal, K. Nagabhushanam, R. and Sarojini, R. 1989. Influence of
naphthalene on tissues of Macrobrachium kistnensis. Geobios. 16 (5): 197202.
Jantataeme, S., Kruatrachue, M., Kaewsawangsap, S., Chitramvong, Y.,
Sretarugsa, P., Upatham, E.S., 1996. Acute toxicity and
bioaccumulation of lead in the snail Filopaludina (Siamopaludina)
martensi martensi (Frauenfeldt). J. Sci. Soc.Thailand., 22: 237-247.
Javoy–Agid, F., Taquet, H., Berger, B., Gaspar, P., Morel–Maroger A.,
Montastruc, J.L., Scatton, B., Ruberg, M. and Agid, Y., 1982. Relations
between dopamine and methionine enkephalin systems in control and
Parkinsonian brains, in Neurology, Proceedings of the 12th World
Congress of Neurology, Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam: 187.
*Jiang, Y.H., Yan, S.F. and Song, Z.R., 2001. The histological studies on the
alimentary tract of Haliotis diversicolor aquatilis. Journal of Jimei
University (Natural Science), 2.
Jinyong Zhu, Kaihong Lu, Chunjing Zhang, Jingjing Liang, and Zhiyong
Hu., 2011. Biochemical and ultrastructural changes in the
hepatopancreas of Bellamya aeruginosa (Gastropoda) fed with toxic
cyanobacteria. The Scientific World Journal, 11: 2091–2105.
John, W. Arthur, 1970. Chronic effects of linear alkylate sulfonate detergent
on Gammarus pseudolimnaeus, Campeloma decisum and Physa integra. Water
Research, 4(3): 251-257.
Jonnalagadda, P.R. and Rao, B.P., 1996. Histopathological changes induced
by specific pesticides on some tissues of the freshwater snail, Bellamya
dissimilis (Muller) Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 57: 648–654.
Joosse, J., 1964. Dorsal bodies and dorsal neurosecretory cells of the cerebral
ganglia of Lymnaea stagnalis. Arch Neerl Zool., 15: 1-103.
163 Jose, V. Tarazona. and Oliva Nunez., 1987. Effect of sodium lauryl sulfate on
Limnaea peregra shells. Bull. Environm. Contam. Toxicol., 39: 1036-1040.
Joshi1, P.P. and Kulkarni, G.K., 2011. Cypermethrin and fenvalerate induced
protein alterations in freshwater crab Barytelphusa cunicularis
(Westwood). Recent Research in Science and Technology, 3(12): 07-10.
Jung, C.L., Nam, S.C, Jong, M.H., 1997. Ultrastructural and histochemical
study on the digestive tract of a Korean slug, Incilaria fruhstorferi.
Korean Journal of Malacology, 13(2): 143-160.
Jung, G.K., Park, J.J., Lee, J.W. and Lee, J.S., 2006. Microscopic anatomy of
foot of the spiny top shell, Batillus cornutus (lightfoot, 1786)
(Gastropoda: Turbinidae). Journal of Shellfish Research, 25(3): 10711077.
Jung, S.L., Young joo, J.A. and Jung, J.P., 2007. Histology and
ultrastructure of the mantle epidermis of the equilateral venus,
Gomphina veneriformis (Bivalvia: Veneridae) Journal of Shellfish
Research, 26(2): 413-421.
Jyothi Lakshman, C., 1979. Studies on the freshwater planorbid snail,
Gyraulus convexiusculus (Hutton) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata). Ph.D.
Thesis submitted to the Andhra University, Waltair. (Un Published).
Kai-Kai, M.A., 1979. Electrophysiology and pharmacology of neurosecretory
cells in the brain of Helix aspersa. Comparative Biochemistry and
Physiology, 64A (4): 493-507.
Kamble, N.A. and Londhe, S.R., 2011. Copper sulphate induced neuronal
histological changes in the freshwater snail Bellamya bengalensis (L). The
Bioscan, 6(2): 351-354.
Kamble, N.A. and Nanaware, S.G., 2009. Lead acetate toxicity in freshwater
snail Bellamy bengalensis. Indian Journal of Comparative Animal
Physiology, 27(1): 23-25.
Kamble, N.A. and Potdar, V.V., 2010. Hepatopancreatic damage in snail
Bellamya bengalensis (L) tested against lead acetate toxicity. Indian
Journal of Comparative Animal Physiology, 28 (1): 7-10.
164 Kanwar, U. and Jassar, H.K., 1972. Morphological and cytochemical studies
on the digestive gland of Euplecta indica (land snail). Res. Bull. Punjab
Univ. Sci., 21(3/4): 459-471.
Kasten, F.H., 1957. Additional Schiff–type reagents for use in cytochemistry.
Stain Tech., 33: 39–46.
Kawamura, T., Takami, H., Roberts, R.D. and Yamashita, Y., 2001. Radula
development in abalone Haliotis discuss hannai from larva to adult in
relation to feeding transitions. Fisheries Science, 67: 596-605.
Keiichiro Yamaguchi, Naomi Seo, Emiko Furuta., 2000. Histochemical and
ultrastructural analysis of the epithelial cells of the body surface skin
from the terrestrial slug, Incilaria fruhstorferi. Zoological Science, 17(8):
1137-1146.
Kessel, 1933. Uber die Schale von Viviparus. Ztschr. Morphol. Okol. Tiere., 27:
12-18.
Khan A. K., Sarojini, R. Machale P. R. and Nagabhushanam, R. 1990.
Biochemical changes produced as a result of zinc sulphate and copper
sulphate in the muscle of freshwater crab, Barytelphusa guerini. Uttar
Pradesh J. Zool. 10(1): 19-22.
Khan, A.K., Shaikh, A.M. and Ansari, N.T., 2001. Cadmium chloride toxicity
in protein level from body parts and whole body of marine edible
gastropod, Babylonia spirata. Uttar Pradesh J. Zool., 21 (3): 203-206.
Khan,
H.R. and Saleuddin, A.S.M., 1992. Neurosecretion of the
mediodorsal cells of the central nervous system of the snail Helisoma
duryi. Cell Tissue Res., 268: 131-139.
Khangarot, B.S. and Ray, P.K., 1988. Sensitivity of freshwater pulmonate
snails, Lymnaea luteola (L) to heavy metals. Bull. Environ. Contam.
Toxicol., 41(2): 208-213.
Kharat, P.S., Laxmi B.G, Shejule, K.B. and Ghoble, B.C., 2009. Effect of
TBTCL on glycogen profile in freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium
kistnensis. World Applied Sciences Journal, 7 (12): 1534-1539.
Klionsky, D.J. and Emr, S.D., 2000. Autophagy as a regulated pathway of
cellular degradation. Science, 290: 1717-1721.
165 Klobucar, G.I.V., Lajtner, J. and Erben, R., 1997. Lipid peroxidation and
histopathological changes in the digestive gland of a freshwater snail
Planorbarius corneus L. (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) exposed to chronic
and sub-chronic concentrations of PCP. Bull. Environ. Contam.
Toxicol., 58: 128-134.
Kluver, H. and Barrera, E., 1953. A method for the combined staining of cells
and fibres in the nervous system. J. Neuropath. exp. Neurol., 12: 400–
403.
Kool, S.P., 1987. Significance of the radular characters in reconstruction of
thiadid phylogeny (Neogastropoda: Muricacea). Nautilus, 101(3): 117132.
Krause, E., 1960. Untersuchungen uber die Neurosekretion im Schlundring
von Helix pomatia L. Z. Zellforsch. Microsk. Anat., 51: 748-776.
Kress, A., Schmekel, L. and Nott, J.A., 1994. Ultrastructure of the digestive
gland in the opisthobranch mollusc, Runcina. Veliger, 37(4): 358-373.
Krishna Murthy, R.V., 1968. Hepatopancreatic unsaturated fatty acids during
aestivation of the snail Pila globosa. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 24: 279282.
Kruatrachue, M., Seehabutr, V., Chavadej, J., Sretarugsa, P., Upatham, E.S.
and Sobhon, P., 1994. Development and histological characteristics of
neurosecretory cells in the cerebral ganglia of Achatina fulica (Bowdich).
Mollusc. Res., 15: 29-37.
Kruatrachue, M., Sumritdee, C., Pokethitiyook, P. and Singhakaew, S., 2011.
Histopathological effects of contaminated sediments on golden apple
snail (Pomacea canaliculata, Lamarck 1822). Bulletin of Environmental
Contamination and Toxicology, 86(6): 610-614.
Kruatrachue, M., Thongkukiatkul, A., Sobhon, P., Upatham, E.S.,
Wanichanon, C., Sretarugsa, P., Chitramvong, Y. and Linthong, V.,
1999. The ultrastructure of neurons and neuroglia in the cerebral and
pleuro-pedal ganglia of Haliotis asinina Linnaeus. Science Asia, 25: 137142.
166 Kruatrachue, M., Upatham, E.S., Seehabutr, V., Chavadej, J., Sretarugsa, P.
and Sobhon, P., 1993. General anatomy and histology of the nervous
system in Achatina fulica. J. Sci. Soc. Thail., 19: 1–24.
Kuttler, A., 1913. Die Anatomie von Oliva peruviana Lamarck. Zool. Jb.
(Suppl.) 13 (Fauna Chilensis): 477-544.
Lam, P.K.S., Yu, K.N., Ng, K.P., Chong, M.W.K., 1997. Cadmium uptake and
depuration in the soft tissues of Brotla hainanensis (Gastropoa:
Prosobranchia: Thiaridae): A dynamic model. Chemosphere, 35(11):
2449-2461.
Lamarck, J.B., 1815-1822. Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans vertebres,
presentant les caracteres generaux et particuliers des ces animaux, leur
distribution, leurs classes, leurs families, leurs genres, et la citation des
principals especes qui s’y raportent. 7 volumes (volume 7, 1822). Paris.
Lane, N. J., 1963. Neurosecretion in pulmonate gastropods (Helix aspersa). In
2nd conference of European Comparative Endocrinologists, Brussels.
Gen. Comp. Endocr., 3(6): 712-713.
Lankester, E., 1867. Anatomy of Patella vulgata. Ann. Mag. Natur. Hist. Sci., 3:
20-24.
Leal-Zanchet, A.M., 1998. Comparative studies on the anatomy and
histology of the alimentary canal of the Limacoidea and Milacidae
(Pulmonata: Stylommatophora). Malacologia, 39: 39-57.
Leal-Zanchet, A.M., 2002. Ultrastructure of the supporting cells and secretory
cells of the alimentary canal of the slugs, Lehmania marginata and
Boettgerilla pallens (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora: Limacoidea).
Malacologia, 44: 223-239.
Leal-Zanchet, A.M., Thomé, J.W. and Hauser, J., 1993. Microanatomy
and histology of the digestive system of Phyllocaulis soleiformis
(Orbigny, 1835) (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Veronicellidae). Revta.
Bras. Zool., 10 (2): 355-366.
Lee, J.S., 2002. Ultrastructure of the mantle epidermis in the ark shell
Scapharca broughtonii (Bivalvia: Arcidae). Korean J. Electron
Microscopy, 32: 213-222.
167 Lehninger, A.L., 1983. In: Biochemistry, Kalyani, Ludhiana, New Delhi.
Lemche, H., 1955. Neurosecretion and incretory glands in a tectibranch
mollusc. Experiential., 11: 320-321.
Lev, R. and Spicer, S.S., 1964. Specific staining of sulphate groups with alcian
blue at low pH. J. Histochem. Cytochem., 12: 309.
Lever, J., 1957. Some remarks on neurosecretory phenomena in Ferrisia sp.
(Gastropoda: Pulmonata). Proc. Kon. ned. Akad. Wetensch.
Amsterdam, C 60: 510-522.
Lever, J., Jansen, J. and De Vileger, T., 1961. Pleural ganglia and water
balance in freshwater pulmonate Lymnaea stagnalis. Proc. Kon. ned.
Akad. Wetensch. C., 64: 531-542.
*Li, Y.J., Sheng, J.Q., Wang, J.H., Wang Fang., Dai, Y.G. and Hong, Y.J., 2009.
Observations on the mantle of the freshwater pearl shell, Hyriopsis
schlegeli. Journal of Nanchang University (Natural Science), 3.
Liang, S.Y., 1959. Studies on the morphology of Achatina fulica Ferussac. Acta.
Zool. Sinica., 11(3): 353-369.
Lillie, R.D., 1965. Histopathologic Technique and Practical Histochemistry.
McGraw-Hill Book Company Inc., Blankiston Division, New York.
Lima, A. V. P. and Martins, I. X., 2009. Histology of the accessory boring
organ in Thais haemastoma (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Iheringia, Série
Zoologia., 99 (2): 149-152.
Lloyd, R., 1977. The LC50 values derived from acute toxicity tests are best
used to assess the margins of safety. Aston, 102-109.
Lobo-da-Cunha, A., 1999. Ultrastructural and cytochemical aspects of the
basophilic cells in the hepatopancreas of Aplysia depilans
(Mollusca: Opistobranchia). Tissue & Cell, 31: 8-16.
Lobo-da-Cunha, A., 2000. The digestive cells of the hepatopancreas in
Aplysia depilans (Mollusca: Opisthobranchia): ultrastructural and
cytochemical study. Tissue & Cell, 32: 9-57.
168 Lobo-da-Cunha, A., Batista-Pinto, C., 2003. Stomach cells of Aplysia
depilans(Mollusca:Opisthobranchia). A histochemical, ultrastructural
and cytochemical study. Journal of Morphology, 256: 360-370.
Lobo-da-Cunha, A., Batista-Pinto, C., 2005. Light and electron
microscopy studies of the oesophagus and crop epithelium in
Aplysia depilans (Mollusca: Opisthobranchia). Tissue & Cell, 37: 447456.
Lobo-da-Cunha, A., Batista-Pinto, C., 2007. Ultrastructural, histochemical
and cytochemical characterization of intestinal epithelial cells in
Aplysia depilans (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia). Acta Zoologica, 88:
211-221.
Lobo-da-Cunha, A., Malheiro, A.R., Alves, A., Oliveira, E., Coelho, R. and
Calado G., 2011. Histological and ultrastructural characterization of
the stomach and intestine of the opisthobranch Bulla striata
(Heterobranchi:, cephalaspidea). An International Journal of Marine
Sciences. Thalassas., 27(2): 61-75.
Lobo-da-Cunha, A., Oliveira, E., Alves, A., Coelho, R. and Calado, G., 2010a.
Light and electron microscopic study of the anterior oesophagus of
Bulla striata (Mollusca: Opisthobranchia). Acta Zoologica, 91: 125-138.
Lobo-da-Cunha, A., Oliveira, E., Ferreira, I., Coelho, R., Calado, G., 2010b.
Histochemical and ultrastructural characterization of the posterior
esophagus of Bulla striata (Mollusca: Opisthobranchia). Microscopy
and Microanalysis, 16: 688-698.
Lobo-da-Cunha, A., Santos, T., Oliveira, E., Alves, A., Coelho, A. and
Calado, G., 2011. Microscopical study of the crop and oesophagus of
the carnivorous opisthobranch Philinopsis depicta (Cephalaspidea:
Aglajidae). J. Mollus. Stud., 77(4): 322-331.
Lomte, V.S. and Alam, S.M., 1982. Changes in biochemical components of the
prosobranch Bellamya (Viviparus) bengalensis on exposure to malathion.
Proc. Symp. Physiol. Resp. Anim. Pollutants.
169 Lopes, M., Rodrigues, A. and Marigomez, I., 2001. Morphology and
histology of the digestive gland of Oxychilus (Drouetia) atlanticus
(Morelet and Drouet). (Gastropoda: Pulmonata). Arquipelago, Life and
Marine sciences. Supplement 2 (part B): 71-76.
Lopes, T.M., Barcarolli, I.F., de Oliveira, C.B., de Souza, M.M. and
Bianchini, A., 2011. Effect of copper on ion content in isolated mantle
cells of the marine clam Mesodesma mactroides. Environmental
Toxicology and Chemistry, 30 (7): 1582–1585.
Lowe, D.M. and Clarke, K.R., 1989. Contaminant-induced changes in the
structure of the digestive epithelium of Mytilus edulis. Aquat.
Toxicol., 15: 345-358.
Lowry, O.H., Rosenbrough, N.J., Fare, A.L. and Rendall, R.J., 1953. Protein
measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem., 103: 265275.
Luchtel, D.L., Martin, A.W., Deyrup-Olsen, I. and Boer, H.H., 1997.
Gastropoda: Pulmonata. Chap 5 in: Microscopic Anatomy of
Invertebrates. Harrison FW and Kohn AJ, eds. NY: Wiley-Liss.,
459-718.
Lufty, R.G. and Demian, E.S. 1964. The histology of the radula and the
radular sac of Marisa cornuarietis (L.). Ain. Shams. Sci, Bull. Cairo., 10:
97-118.
Lufty, R.G. and Demian, E.S., 1967. The histology of the alimentary
system of Marisa cornuarietis (Mesogastropoda: Ampullariidae).
Malacologia, 5 (3): 375-422.
Lufty, R.G., Demian, E.S. and Haroun, N.H., 1973. The histology of the
digestive and salivary glands of Bulinus (Bulinus) truncatus (Andonin).
Bull. Zool. Soc. Egypt., 25: 75-84.
Machado, J., Castilho, F., Coimbra, J., Monteiro, E., Sa, C. and Reis, M., 1988.
Ultrastructural and cytochemical studies in the mantle of Anodonta
cygnea. Tissue & Cell, 20(5): 797-807.
Machale, R. Khan, A. K. Sarojini, R. and Nagabhushanam, R., 1991.
Biochemical changes induced by cuprous oxide in the various tissues
of the freshwater crab, Barytelphusa guerini. J. Adv. Zool. 12 (2): 115-120.
170 Maes, V.O., 1966. Sexual dimorphism in the radula of the muricid genus
Nassa. Nautilus, 79(3): 73-80.
Mahajan and Zambare, 2001. Ascorbate effect on copper sulphates and
mercuric chloride induced alterations of protein level in freshwater
bivalve, Corbicula strialetta. Asian Jr. of microbial. Biotech. and Env. Sci.
3(2-1): 95-100.
Mal Reddy, N. and Venkateswara Rao, P., 1987. Copper toxicity to the
freshwater snail, Lymnaea luteola. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 39:
50-55.
Mallory, F.B., 1944. Pathological Technique. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia,
Masur, S.K.
Mane, U.H., Akarte, S.R. and Kulkarni, D.A. 1986. Acute toxicity of fenithion
to freshwater lamellibanch mollusks, Indonaia caerulus from Godavari
River at Paithan a biochemical approach. Bull. Environ. Contam.
Toxicol., 37: 622-628.
Manigault, R., 1939. Recherches sur le calcaire chez les Mollusques.
Phosphatase et precipitation calcique. Histochimie du calcium. An.
Inst. Oceanogr., 18: 331-346.
Marchenko, A.A., 1976. Morphology of neurosecretory elements in molluscs.
Biol. Morya (Viadivost), 3: 3-21.
Marchetti, R., 1965. Critical review of the effects of synthetic detergents on
aquatic life. Gen. Fish. Coun. Mediterr, Stud. Rev., No. 26, 32-34.
Marcos Martinez, M.R., 1977. Cytomorphology and histochemistry of the
glandular cells in the foot of Cernuella (Xeromagna) cespitum arigonis
Gastropoda. Malacologia, 18(1/2): 591-594.
Maria, I.G., Ellen, E.S. and Glaubrecht, M., 2011. Redescription and anatomy
of the viviparous freshwater gastropod Hemisinus lineolatus (W.Wood,
1828) from Jamaica (Cerithiodea: Thiaridae). Malacologia, 53(2): 229250.
Marigomez, I., Soto, M., Cajaraville, M.P., Angulo, E. and Giamberini, L.,
2002. Cellular and sub-cellular distribution of metal in mollusks.
Microsc. Res. Tech., 56(5): 358-392.
171 Martin, D.W., Mayes, P.A., Rodwell, V.W., 1981. Harper’s review of
Biochemistry. 18th Edition. Lange Medical Publications, California.
Martin, G.G., Bessette, T., Martin, A., Cotero, R., Vumbaco, K. and Oakes,
C., 2010. Morphology of epithelial cells lining in the digestive tract of
the giant keyhole limpet, Megathura crenulata (Mollusca:
Vetigastropoda). Journal of Morphology., 271(9): 1134-1151.
Martoja, M., 1964. Digestive apparatus and digestion in carnivorous
gastropods of the family Nassaridae, Prosobranchia and Stenoglossa.
Cellule., 64(3): 235-281.
Maxwell, S.B., 1988. The ultrastructure and function of the intestine of Patella
vulgata. J. Zool. (Lond.), 215(4): 685-702.
Maxwell, S.B., 1989. The ultrastructure and function of the oesophagus of
Patella vulgata Linnaeus. J. Molluscan Stud., 55(1): 111-124.
Mayers, T.R. and Hendricks, J.D., 1984. ‘Histopathology’, in: Rand, G.M.
and Petrocelli, S. R. (eds.), Fundamentals Aquatic Toxicology,
Hemisphere Pub. Corp., New York. 283–331.
Mazia, D., Brewer, P.A. and Alfert, M., 1953. The cytochemical staining and
measurement of proteins with mercuric bromophenol blue. Biol. Bull.,
104: 56-67.
Mckenzie, J.D., Caunce, M., Hetherington, M.S. and Window, W., 1998.
Sterotonergic innervations of the foot of the pond snail Lymnaea
stagnalis (L). Journal of Neurocytology, 27(6): 459-70.
McLean, N., 1970. Digestion in Haliotis rufescens Swainson (Gastropoda:
Prosobranchia). J. Exp. Zool., 173(3): 303-318.
McManus, J.F.A., 1946. Histological demonstration of mucin after periodic
acid. Nature Lond., 158: 202.
McManus, J.F.A., and Cason, J.E., 1950. Carbohydrate histochemistry studied
by acetylation techniques. 1. Periodic acid methods. J. Exp. Med., 91:
651- 654.
172 McManus, J.F.A., and Mowry, R.W., 1960. Staining methods:
Histological and Histochemical. Paul B. Boeber Inc., Medical Division
of Harper and Brothers, New York.
McQuiston, R.W., 1970. Fine structure of the gastric shield in the
lamellibranch bivalve Lassea rubra (Montagu). Proc. malacol. Soc.
London., 39(1): 69-75.
Meenakshi, V.R., 1955. The excretory spherules in the digestive gland of Pila
virens. J. Anim. Morph. Physiol., 3(2): 175.
Mikys, S.L. and Saleuddin, A.S.M., 1987. Ferritin in mantle pore cells and its
role in reproduction of Helisoma duryi (Mollusca: Pulmonata). J. Exp.
Zool., 242(1): 75–84.
Miller, W., Nishioka, R.S. and Bern, H.A., 1973. The "juxtaganglionic" tissue
and the brain of the abalone Haliotis rufescens Swainson. Veliger, 16:
125-129.
Morrison, C.M., 1993. Histology and cell ultrastructure of the mantle and
mantle lobes of the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin): a
summary atlas. Am. Malac. Bull., 10: 1-24.
Morse, M.P., 1984. Functional adaptations of the digestive system of the
carnivorous mollusk Pleurobranchia californica, Mac Farland, 1966.
J. Morphol., 180(3): 253-269.
Mowry, R.W. and Winkler, C.H., 1956. The coloration of acidic carbohydrates
of bacteria and fungi in tissue sections with special reference to
capsules of Cryptococcus neoformans, Pneumococcus and Staphylococcus.
Am. J. Path., 36: 628-629.
Mowry, R.W., 1956. Alcian blue technique for the histochemical study of the
acidic carbohydrates. J. Histochem. Cytochem., 4: 407.
Mule, M.B and Lomte, V.S., 1992. Effect of Monocrotophos on protein
content of freshwater snail Thiara tuberculata. Asian J. Zool. Science, 1:
25-30.
Mule, M.B and Lomte, V.S., 1992a. Monocos (Monocrotophos) induced
alterations in lipid content of the snail Thiara tuberculata. J. Ecotoxicol.
Environ. Monit. 2(2): 125-128.
173 Mule, M.B and Lomte, V.S., 1994. Cyperkill (Cypermethrin) toxicity to lipid
metabolism in Thiara tuberculata. Proc. Environ. Biol. 3(2): 131-134.
Mule, M.B. and Lomte, V.S. 1995. Copper sulphate induced alterations of
protein in freshwater gastropod, Thiara tuberculata. J. Ecobiol. 7(3): 177180.
Muley, D.V. and Mane, U.H. 1989. Endosulphan induced changes in the
biochemical composition of freshwater lamellibranch mollusc,
Lamellidens marginalis from Godavari river at Paithan. Ad. Bios. (1): 1323.
Muley, D.V. and Mane, U.H., 1990. Histopathological changes in body parts
of the freshwater gastropod, Viviparus bengalensis Lam. due to
pesticides. J. Environ. Biol., 11: 413-425.
Mutlu, E., 2004. Sexual dimorphism in radula of Conomurex persicus
(Gastropoda: Strombidae) in the Mediterranean Sea. Marine Biology,
145: 693-698.
Nadira Taïeb., 2001. Distribution of digestive tubules and fine structure of
digestive cells of Aplysia punctata (Cuvier, 1803). J. Mollus. Stud., 67 (2):
169-182.
Nahla, S. El-Shenawy, Tarak, I.S. Moawad., Mahmoud, E. Mohallal., Ismail,
M., Abdel-Nabi. and Taha, A., 2009. Histopathologic biomarker
response of Clam, Ruditapes decussates to organophosphorous
pesticides Reldan and Roundup: A laboratory study. Oceanic Science
Journal, 44 (1): 27-34.
Nakazima, M., 1955. On the structure and function of mid gut gland of
Mollusca with a general consideration of the feeding habits and
systematic relations. Jap. J. Zool., 11: 137.
Nakazima, M., 1956. On the structure and function of mid gut gland of
Mollusca with a general consideration of the feeding habits and
systematic relations. Jap. J. Zool., 11: 469-566.
Neumann, G., 1928. Mantelorgane und Mantelbrandes von Paludina. Jena. Z.
naturw. 63.
174 Nisbet, R.H., 1953. The structure and function of the buccal mass in some
gastropod molluscs. 1. Monodonta lineata (de Costa). Ph.D Thesis,
University of London.
Nybakken, J., 1990. Ontogenic change in the Conus radula, its form,
distribution among the radular types and significance in systematics
and ecology. Malacologia, 32: 35-54.
Olivier, G., Liliane, F., and Dalila, A.A., 2009: Structural analysis of the
digestive gland of the queen conch Strombus gigas linnaeaus, 1758 and
its intracellular parasites. Journal of molluscan studies, 75: 59-68.
Omkar, and Shukla, G.S., 1985. Toxicity of Insecticides to Macrobrachium
lamarrei (H. Milne Edwards) (Decapoda: Palaemonidae) Crustaceana,
48(1): 1-5.
Otitoloju, A.A., Ajikobi, D.O. and Egonmwan, R.I., 2009. Histopathology of
Bioaccumulation of heavy metals (Cu&Pb) in the giant land snail,
Archachatina marginata (Swainson). The Open Environmental Pollution
& Toxicology Journal, 1: 79-88.
Otludil, B., Cengiz, E.I., Yildirim, M.Z., Unver, O. and Unlu, E., 2004. The
effect of endosulfan on the great ramshorn snail Planorbarius corneus
(Gastropoda: Pulmonata): a histological study. Chemosphere, 56: 707716.
Padilla, K.D., 2003. Form and function of radular teeth of herbivorous
molluscs: focus on the future. American Malacological Bulletin, 18: 1/2.
Padmaja, R.J and Balaparameswara Rao, M., 1994. Effect of an
organochlorine and three organophosphate pesticides on glucose,
glycogen, lipid and protein contents in tissues of the freshwater snail
Bellamya dissimilis (Müller). Bulletin of Environmental Contamination
and Toxicology, 53(1): 142-148.
Palanichamy, R. and Murugan, V., 1991. Acute toxicity of house hold
detergents to a weed fish, Rasbora elonga. J. Environ. Biol., 12(2):
143-148.
Pan, C.T., 1958. The general histology and topographic microanatomy of
Australorbis glabratus. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harv., 119: 238-299.
175 Panwar, R.S., Gupta, R.A., Joshi, H.C. and Kapoor, D., 1982. Toxicity of some
chlorinated hydrocarbon and organophosphorous insecticides to
gastropod, Viviparus bengalensis Swainson. J. Environ. Biol., 3 (1): 31-36.
Passow, H. and Clarkson, T.W., 1961. The general pharmacology of heavy
metals. Pharm. Rev., 13: 185-224.
Patil, S.S. and Mane, U.H., 2004. Tissue biochemical levels in different body
parts of freshwater bivalve, Lamellidens marginalis exposed to mercury
in monsoon season. Ind. Journ. Comp. Animal. Physio. 22: 56-61.
Paul, P.I., Vincent, S., Ambrose, T. and Selvanayagam, M., 1995. Activity of
acid phosphotases in the selected tissues of Sarotherodon mossanbicus
(Trevaros) exposed to synthetic detergent Wheel. J. Ecobio., 7(1): 67-70.
Pearse, A.G.E., 1968. Histochemistry: Theoretical and applied. 3rd ed.,
Churchill Livingstone. London.
Peter, A., 1974. Investigation on the ultrastructure of the digestive gland of
Lymnaea stagnalis (L) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata). Z. Morphol. Tiere,
77(1): 1-18.
Peternal, R. and Kozarik, Z., 1987. Histochemical presentation of
mucosubstances in the foot of the snail Helix pomatia (L). Vet. Arh.,
57(4): 227-233.
Phillips, D.J.H. and Rainbow, P.S., 1993. Biomonitoring of trace aquatic
contaminants. Elsevier Applied science: New York.
Piansiri, P. and Pachanee, B., 2008. Comparative toxicity of mercury and
cadmium to the juvenile freshwater snail, Filopaludina martensi martensi.
Science Asia, 34: 367-370.
Pinchuck, C.S and Hodgson, N.A., 2009. Comparative structure of the
lateral pedal defensive glands of three species of Siphonaria
(Gastropoda: Basommatophora). Journal of Molluscan studies, 00: 110.
Pinchuck, C.S. and Hodgson, N.A., 2012. Structure of the lateral pedal
defensive glands of Trimusculus costatus (Gastropoda: Trimusculidae).
Journal of Molluscan Studies., 78(1): 44-51.
176 Prashad, B., 1925. Anatomy of the common Indian apple snail, Pila globosa.
Mem. Indian Mus., 8B: 91-154.
Prashad, B., 1928. The mantle and the shell of the Viviparidae. Mem. Indian
Mus., 8: 253 -319.
Prenant, M., 1924. Sur la Permanence des odontoblastes de la radula. Bull.
Soc. Zool. Fr., 50: 164–167.
Prosser, C.L., 1973. Comparative animal physiology (Edt) C.L. Prosser W.B.
Saunder Company Philadelphia/London/Toranto P. 79.
Pucheva, L.N., Vaschenko, M.A. and Durkina, V.B., 2006. Histopathology of
the digestive gland of bivalve mollusk Crenomytilus grayanus (Dunker,
1853) from South Western Peter, The great Bay, Sea of Japan. Russian. J.
Mar. Biol., 32(3): 166-172.
Pugh, D., 1963. The cytology of the digestive and salivary glands of the limpet
Patella. Quart. Jour. Micros. Sci., 104: 23-27.
Quattrini, D., 1964. Dati preliminary di microscopia electronic dei and
neuroni centrali di Vaginulus borellianus (Colosi). Nei quadro del
problema neurosecrezione nei Molluschi Gastropodi. Monit. Zool. Ital.,
72: 3-12.
Radwan, M.A., 1998. Comparative toxicity and biochemical studies of three
organometallic pesticides and their metal salts against the gastropod
slug Limax flavus (Mu¨ller), J. Pest Cont. Environ. Sci. 6: 17–34.
Radwan, M.A., El-Wakil, H.B. and Osman, K.A., 1992. Toxicity and
biochemical impact of certain oxime carbamate pesticides against
terrestrial snail, Theba pisana (Muller). J. Environ. Sci. Health. Part B:
Pestic. Food Contam. Agric. Wastes, 27: 759-773.
Radwan, M.A., Essawy, A.E., Abdelmeguied, N.E., Hamed, S.S. and Ahmed,
A.E., 2008. Biochemical and histochemical studies on the digestive
gland of Eobania vermiculata snails treated with carbamate pesticides.
Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 90: 154–167.
Radwan, M.A., Essawy, A.E., Abdelmeguied, N.E., Hamed, S.S. and Hegazy,
A.E., 2008. Biochemical and histochemical studies on the digestive
gland of Eobania vermiculata snails treated with carbamate pesticides.
Pesticide Biochem Physiol., 90: 154-167.
177 Rajalakshmi Bhanu, R.C., Shyamasundari, K. and Rao, K.H., 1983. The
structure and cytochemistry of the neurosecretory cells in the intertidal
gastropod Thais bufo (L). Zeitschrift fur mikroskopischanatomische
Forschung. 97(3): 535-545.
Rajalakshmi Bhanu, R.C., 1980. Studies on the gastropod genus Thais Roding
with special reference to Thais bufo (Lamarck). Ph.D. Thesis, Andhra
University, Waltair (Un published).
Rajashree, S. and Cook, A., 1987. Pedal and opercular secretory glands of
Pomatia elegans, Bithynia tentaculata and Littorina littorea. J. Moll. Stud.,
53(1): 79-96.
Rao, K.R., Patil, P.N., Chaudhari, T. R. and Vedpathak, A.N., 1993. Changes
in the protein metabolism of freshwater gastropod, Indoplanorbis
exustus due to decis (pyrethroid) toxicity. Abst. Nat. Symp. on Impact
of Environ. Factors on Physiol. of Aquat. Anim. Marathwada
University, Aurangabd.
Rao, R.M.V. and Ramamurthi, R., 1980. Effect of sub lethal concentration of
submithion on some biochemical constituents of freshwater snail, Pila
globosa. Geobios, 1:242-250.
Rebecchi, B., Franchini, A., and Bolognani fantin, A.M., 1996. An
ultrastructural and histochemical study of the digestive gland of
Viviparus ater (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Prosobranchia). Tissue & Cell.,
28(6): 731-739.
*Ren, S.L. and Fu Yu., 2006. Microscopic anatomy and types of mucous cells
of the mantle of Agropectens irradians. Periodical of Ocean University of
China, 5.
Rigby, J.E., 1963. Alimentary and reproductive systems of Oxychilus cellarius
(Muller) (Stylommatophora). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of
London, 141(2): 311-359.
Righi, G., 1964. On the stomach of Thais haemastoma. Amais Acad. Brasil.
Cienec., 36(2): 189-191.
Roald, A.S. and Nicolaas, T. and Oude, D.E., 1969. Granular enzymecontaining laundry composition, US patent 3451935. Issued 24 June. 178 Robinson, E., 1960. Observations on the toxoglossan gastropod, Mangelia
brachystoma (Philippi). Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 135: 319-338.
Robinson, W.E, Pennington, M.R, and Richard, W.L., 1981. Variability of
tubule types within the digestive glands of Mercenaria mercenaria (L),
Ostrea edulis (L), and Mytilus edulis (L). J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 54(3):
265-276.
Robinson, W.E. and Morse, M.P., 1979. Histochemical investigation of the
pedal glands and glandular cells of Unela nehantensis Doe, 1974
(Opisthobranchia: Acochlidiacea). Trans. Amer. micros. Soc., 98 (2):
195-203.
Roldan, C. and Garcia-Corrales, P., 1988: Anatomy and histology of the
alimentary tract of the snail Theba pisana (Gastropoda: Pulmonata).
Malacologia, 28(1): 119-130.
Roldan, C.C., 1987. Fine structure of the intestinal epithelium of Theba pisana
(Mell) (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata). Iberus, 7(2): 165-178.
Rose, R.M., 1971. Functional morphology of the buccal mass of the
nudibranch, Archidoris pseudoargus. J. Zool., 165: 317-336.
Rotarides, M., 1945. Zur Mikromorphologie des Fusses der patelloiden
Schnecken. Ann. Mus. Nation. Hungarici., 38: 1-36.
Rudman,
W.B.,
1972.
The
herbivorous
opisthobranch
genera
Phaenerophthalmus A. Adams and Smaragdinella. A. Adams. Proc.
Malacol. Soc. Lond., 40: 189.
Runham, N.W., 1961. The histochemistry of the radula of Patella vulgata.
Quart. J. Micros. Sci., 102(3): 371-380.
Salama, A.K., Osman, K.A., Saber, N.A. and Soliman, S.A., 2005. Oxidative
stress induced by different pesticides in the land snail, Helix aspersa.
Pakistan J. Biol. Sci., 8: 92–96.
Samata, T., 1990. Ca-binding glycoproteins in molluscan shells with different
types of ultrastructure. Veliger, 33: 190-201.
179 Samson Raju, C., Anil kumar, D.M.H.S., Prakash Babu, P. and Jayanth Rao,
K., 1994. Effect of detergent Arial on Oxidative enzymes and histology
of the teleost Oriochronis massanbicus. J. Ecotoxic. Envi. Moni., 4 (3&4):
227-230.
Satyaparameshwar, K., Ravinder Reddy, T. and Vijaya Kumar, N., 2006.
Study of carbohydrate metabolism in selected tissues of freshwater
mussel, Lamellidens marginalis under copper sulphate toxicity. J. Enviro.
Biol., 27(1): 39-41.
Scharrer, E., 1935. Uber das Hans tromsche organ x bei Opisthobrenchiern.
Publ. Sat. Zool. Napoli., 15: 132-142.
Scott, H.R., and Clayton, B.P., 1953. A comparison of the staining affinities of
aldehyde fuchsin and the Schiff’s reagent. J. Histochem. Cytochem., 1:
336–52.
Scott,
J.E. and Dorling, J., 1965. Differential staining of acid
glycosaminoglycans (mucopolysaccharides) by alcian blue in salt
solution. Histochemie., 5: 22.
Scott, T.W., Ward, P.F.V. and Dawson, R.M.C. 1964. The formation and
metabolism of phenyl-substituted fatty acids in the Ruminant.
J. Biochem., 90: 12-23.
Serra, J.A., 1946. Histochemical tests for proteins and aminoacids; the
characterization of basic proteins. Stain Techn., 21: 5-18.
Seshaiya, R.V., 1934. Anatomy of Paludomus tanschaurica (Gmelin). Records of
the Indian Museum, 36: 185-212.
Seshaiya, R.V., 1936. Notes on the comparative anatomy of some Indian
Melanellidae with special reference to Melania (Radina) crenulata
(Deshayes). Journal of Annamalai University, 5: 167-182.
Shah, D.S.M., Rajaramani, V., Sathiyapriya, R., Sathick, O. and
Reveendran, S., 1998. Effect of tributyltin (TBTO) on glycogen
metabolism in estuarine edible blood clam, Anadona rhombea. J.
Ecotoxicol. Environ. Monit., 8(2): 133-135.
180 Sherifa, S. Hamed., Nabila, E. Abdelmeguied., Amina, E. Essawy.,
Mohamed, A. Radwan and Amira, E. Hegazy., 2007. Histological and
ultrastructural changes induced by two carbamate molluscicides on the
digestive gland of Eobania vermiculata. Journal of Biological Sciences,
7(6): 1017-1037.
Shimek, R. L., 1975. The morphology of the buccal apparatus of Oesnopota
levidensis (Gastropoda: Turridae), Zeitschrift für Morphologie der
Tiere., 80: 59-96.
Shuichi, S., Takenori, S. and Gerhard, H., 2007. Central nervous system of
Chaetoderma japonicum (Caudofoveata: Aplacophora): Implications for
diversified ganglionic in early molluscan evolution. Biol. Bull., 213:
122-134.
Shyamasundari, K. and Hanumantha Rao, K., 2007. Histochemistry in focus:
A source book of techniques and research need. M.J.P Pub., Chennai,
India, 714 pp.
Simkiss, K. and Mason, A.Z., 1983. Metal ions: Metabolic and Toxic effects.
In: Biology of Mollusca. Edited by K.M. Wilbur. Academic Press, New
York. pp. 101-164. Simkiss, K., 1988. Molluscan skin (excluding Cephalopoda). In: Wilbur,
K.M., Trueman, E.R., Clarke, M.R. (Eds.), The Mollusca. pp. 11-35.
Singaraju, R., Subrmanian, M.A. and Varadaraj, G. 1991. Sublethal effects of
malathion on protein metabolism in the freshwater field crab,
Paratelphusa hydrodromos. J. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Monit. I (1): 41-44.
Snedecor, G.W. and Cochran, W.G., 1967. Statistical method. The Lowa State
University Press. Lowa.
Snyman, R.G., Reinecke, A.J. and Reinecke, S.A., 2005. Quantitative
changes in digestive gland cells of the snail Helix aspersa after exposure
to the fungicide copper oxychloride. Ecotoxicology and Environmental
Safety. 60: 47-52.
Soto, M., Gil, J.M., Marigomez, J.A. and Angulo, E., 1990. Histochemistry
and elemental composition of the stomach cells in Littorina littorea (L).
Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica., 28(4): 239-48.
181 Sowbhagyavathi, K., 2009. Ichthyofauna of River Godavari- “State of the Art2008” and toxicological studies involving the detergent RIN on the fish
Puntius sophore (Hamilton), Ph.D thesis, Andhra University, India (Un
Published).
Spicer, S.S. and Lillie, R.D., 1959. Saponification as a means of selectively
reversing the methylation blockade of tissue basophilia. J. Histochem.
Cytochem., 7 (2): 123-125.
Spicer, S.S. and Mayer, D.B., 1960. Histochemical differentiation of acid
mucopolysaccharides by means of combined aldehyde fuchsin-alcian
blue staining. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 33: 453.
Spicer, S.S., 1960. A correlative study of the histochemical properties of
rodent acid mucopolysaccharides. J. Histochem. Cytochem., 8:18-34.
Spicer, S.S., 1963. Histochemical properties of mucopolysaccharides and basic
protein in mast cells. Ann. N.Y.Acad. Sci., 103: 322-333.
Spicer, S.S., Horn, R.G. and Leppi, T.J., 1967. Histochemistry of connective
tissue mucopolysaccaharides.'The Connective Tissue', Baltimore
(Williams and Wilkins), p. 256.
Sprague, J.B., 1969. Measurement of pollutant toxicity to fish. I: Bioassay
methods for acute toxicity. Water Research, 3: 793-821.
Spriggs, and John, 1975. An economical analysis of the development of
substitutes with some illustrative examples and implications for the beef
industry, Staff paper series, University of Minnesota, 34–37.
Starmuhlner, F., 1952. Zur Anatomie, Histologie und Biologie einheimischer
Prosobranchier. Ost. Zool. Z., 3: 546-590.
Stiglingh, I. and Van Eeden, J.A., 1976a. functional morphology and
histology of the head, foot and mantle of Bulinus tropicus
(Basommatophora: Planorbidae). Wetenskaplike Bydraes van die
P.U.Vir. CHO. Reeks B: Natuurwetenskappe. Nr. 84: 1-32.
Stiglingh, I. and Van Eeden, J.A., 1976b. On the alimentary system of Bulinus
tropicus (Mollusca: basommatophora) with a note on the assymetrical
arrangement of the buccal refractors. Potchefstroom University for
C.H.E, 85: 1-28.
182 Subba Rao, N.V., 1989. Hand book of Freshwater Molluscs of India.
Zoological survey of India, Calcutta, 289 pp.
Sukumaran, D., Parashar, B.D., Gupta, A.K., Jeevaratnam and Shriprakash.,
2004. Molluscicidal effect of nicotinanilide and its intermediate
compounds against a freshwater snail Lymnaea luteola, the vector of
animal schistosomiasis. Men Inst Oswaldo Cruz., 99(2): 205-210.
Sumner, A.T., 1965. Experiments on phagocytosis and lipid absorption in the
alimentary system of Helix. Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society,
84(4): 415-420.
*Sun, H. and Wang, X.O., 1999. Histological and histochemical studies on the
mantle of Nuttalia olivacea. Yantai Teachers College Journal (Natural
Science), 2.
Supanopas, P., Sretarugsa, P., Kruatrachue, M., Pokethitiyook, P. and
Upatham, E.S., 2005. Acute and sub-chronic toxicity of lead to the
spotted Babylon, Babylonia areolata (Neogastropoda: Buccinidae).
Journal of Shellfish Research, 24 (1): 91-98.
Surber, E.W. and Thatcher, T.O., 1963. Laboratory studies on the effects of
alkyl benzene sulfonate (ABS) on aquatic invertebrates. Trans. Amer.
Fish. Soc., 92: 152–160.
Swami, K.S., Rao, J.K.S., Reddy, S.K., Murthy, L.C., Chetty, C.S. and Indira,
S.K., 1983. The possible metabolic diversion adapted by the freshwater
mussels to control the toxic metabolic effects of selected pesticides.
Indian J. Comp. Anim. Physiol. 1: 95-103.
Swindale, N.V. and Benjamin, P.R., 1976. Anatomy of neurosecretory
neurons in the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis (L). Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc.
Lond. Biol. Sci., 274 (931): 169-202.
Tantiwisawaruji, S., Chatchavalvanich1, K., Kovitvadhi1, U., Thongpan, A
and Kovitvadhi, S., 2011. Histological structure of the digestive tract of
the freshwater pearl mussel Hyriopsis (Hyriopsis) bialatus (Bivalvia:
Unionidae), Thai Journal of Agricultural Science., 44(1): 1-10.
Tarazona, J.V., Munoz, M.J. and Ortiz, J.A., 1983. Introduccion al estudio.
Ecotoxicologico de la cuence del rio Tajo. In : Res II Cong Esp Limnd,
Murcia, Spain.
183 Taylor, J.D. and Miller, J.A., 1990. A new type of gastropod, proboscis. The
fore gut of Hastula bacillus (Gastropoda: Terebridae). J. Zool. (Lond),
220(4): 603-618.
Thaweethamsewee, P., Boonyoung, P. and Vongvatcharanon, U., 2011.
Morphology and histology of the central nervous system and
ultrastructure of neurosecretory cells of female spotted Babylon,
Babylonia areolata. Journal of Shellfish Research, 30(2): 343-347.
Thiele, O.W., 1959. Die Lipide der Weinbergschnecke (Helix pomatia L.) I
Jahreszeitliche Veranderungen in der Zusammensetzung der Lipide.
Ztschr. Vergl. Physiol., 42: 484-491.
Thiem, H., 1917. Anatomie von Helcioniscus. Jenaische Zeitschrift fiir
Naturwissenschaft, 54: 333-404.
Thongkukiatkul, A., Sobhon, P., Upatham, E.S., Kruatrachue, M.,
Wanichanon, C., Chitramvong, Y.P. and Pumthong. T., 2001.
Ultrastructure of neurosecretory cells in the cerebral and pleuropedal
ganglia of Haliotis asinina Linnaeus. J. Shellfish Res., 202:733-741.
Thongkukiatkul, A., Upatham, E.S., Sobhon, P., Kruatrachue, M.,
Chitramvong, Y.P., Wanichanon, C., Pumthong, T. and Nugranad.
J., 2000. Histological studies of the pleuropedal ganglion, visceral
ganglion and pedal cord ganglia of Haliotis asinina Linnaeus J. Med.
Appl. Malacol., 10: 111-120.
Timmermans, L.P.M., 1969. Studies on shell formation in Molluscs. Neth. J.
Zool., 19: 417-523.
Tonar, Z. and Markos, A., 2004. Microscopy and morphometry of integument
of the foot of pulmonate gastropods Arion rufus and Helix pomatia.
Acta. Vet. Brno., 73: 3-8.
Triebskorn, R., Christensen, K. and Heim, I., 1998. Effects of orally and
dermally applied metaldehyde on mucus cells of slugs (Deroceras
reticulatum) depending on temperature and duration of exposure.
J. Moll. Stud., 64: 355-375.
184 Triebskorn, R., Henderson, I.F., Martin, A. and Kohler, H.R., 1996. Slugs as
target or non-target organisms for environmental chemicals, in: BCPC
Symposium. Proceedings No. 66: Slug and Snail Pests in Agriculture.
Trueman, E.R. and Hodgson, A.N., 1990. The fine structure and function of
the foot of Nassarius kraussianus, a gastropod moving by ciliary
locomotion. J. Moll. Stud., 56: 221-228.
Uma Devi, C., 1981. Studies on the anatomy and histochemistry of the South
Indian apple–snail, Pila virens (Lamark). Ph.D. Thesis, Andhra
University, Waltair (Un Published).
Uma Devi, C., Hanumantha Rao, K. and Shyamasundari, K., 1983.
Observations on the histochemistry of the epidermal mucous gland
cells in the mantle of Pila virens (Lamark). Proc. Ind. Natn. Sci. Acad.,
49 (1): 20-27.
Unlu, E., Cengiz, E.l., Ylldrim,
Histopathological effects
(Gastropoda, Pulmonata)
thiodan and recovery after
483.
M.Z., Otludil, B. and Unver, O., 2005.
in tissues of snail Lymnaea stagnalis
exposed to sub-lethal concentration of
exposure. J. Applied. Toxicol., 25 (8): 459-
Upatham, E.S, Thongkukiatkul, A., Kruatrachue, M., Wanichanon, C.,
Chitramvong, Y.P., Sahavacharin, S. and Sobhon, P., 1998.
Classification of neurosecretory cells, neurons and neuroglia in the
cerebral ganglia of Haliotis asinina Linnaeus by light microscopy. J.
Shell fish. Res., 17: 737-42.
Valarmathi, S. and Azariah, J., 2002. Biochemical changes in tissues of crab,
Sesarma quadratum (Decapoda) exposed to CuCl2. Indian Journal of
Marine Sciences, 31(3): 246-248.
Vallee, B.L. and Wocker, W.E.L., 1970. The proteins (Neurth, H.Ed.).Vol. 5,
Metallo proteins. Academic Press, New York, London.
Van Mol, J.J., 1960. Neurosecretory phenomena in the cerebroid ganglia of
Arion rufus. C R Hebd Seances Acad Sci., 250: 2280-1.
Varute, A.T. and Patil, V.A., 1971. Histochemical analysis of molluscan
stomach and intestinal alkaline phosphotase. A sialoglycoprotein.
Histochemistry and Cell Biology, 25(1): 77-90.
185 Viant, M.R., Walton, J. H., TenBrook, P. L. and Tjeerdema, R. S., 2002. Sublethal actions of copper in abalone (Haliotis rufescens) as characterized
by in vivo 31P-NMR. Aquat. Toxicol. 57(3): 139-151.
Viarengo, A., Canesi, L., 1991. Mussels as biological indicators of pollution.
Aquaculture, 94: 225-243.
Vijaya kumar, K., 2010. Studies on toxicology, histology and histochemistry
of Lymnaea luteola (Lamarck) with special reference to histopathological
changes due to herbicide (Paraquat), Ph.D Thesis, Andhra University,
India (Un Published).
Voltzow, J., 1990. The functional morphology of the pedal musculature of the
marine gastropods–Busycon contrarium and Haliotis kamtschakana.
Veliger, 33: 1-19.
Voltzow, J., 1994. Gastropoda, Prosobranchia. In Harrison, F.W and Kohn,
A.J (eds): Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates. Vol. 5. Mollusca.
111-252. Wiley-Liss, New York.
Wagele, H., Ballesteros, M. and Avila, C., 2006. Defensive glandular
structures in Opisthobranch molluscs-from histology to ecology.
Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review, 44: 197-277.
Walker, G., 1970. The cytology, histochemistry and ultrastructure of the cell
types found in the digestive gland of the slug, Agriolimax reticulatus
(Muller). Protoplasma, 71: 91-109.
Walker, G., 1972. The digestive system of the slug, Agriolimax reticulatus
(Müller): experiments on phagocytosis and nutrient absorption.
Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London, 40: 33-43.
*Wang, Y.Y., Sun, H.S. and Tao, D.Y., 2004. Types and distribution of
mucous cells in mantle, gill and foot of abalone, Haliotis discus hannai.
Chinese Journal of Zoology, 4.
Wang, W.X., Yang, Y., Guo, X., He, M., Guo, F. and Ke, C., 2011. Copper and
zinc contamination in oysters: Sub cellular distribution and
detoxification. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 30: 1767–
1774.
186 Wangsomnuk, P., Upatham, E.S., Kruatrachua, M., Chitramvong, Y. and
Sretarugsa, P., 1997. Histopathological alterations in the reproductive,
nervous and digestive system of Indoplanorbis exustus intoxicated with
molluscicides. J. Sci. Soc. Thailand., 23: 284-296.
Warner, R.E., 1967. Bioassays for microchemical environmental contaminants.
Bull. W.H.O., 36: 181.
Watton, A.J. and Hawkers, H.A., 1984. The acute toxicity of ammonia and
copper to the gastropod, Potamopyrgus jenkinsi (Smith). Env. Poll. Ser
(A), 36: 17-29.
Wendelaar Bonga, S.E.W., 1970. Ultrastructure and histochemistry of
neurosecretory cells and neurohaemal areas in the pond snail Lymnaea
stagnalis. (L). Z. Zellforsch. Mikroskop. Anat., 108 (2): 190-224.
Wu, S.K., 1965. Comparative functional studies of the digestive system of the
muricid gastropods Drupa ricina and Morula granulata. Malacologia,
3(2): 211-233.
*Xu, X.H., Meng, X.P., Yan, B.L. and Zheng, J.S., 2007. Morphological,
histological and histochemical observation of digestive system in
Mactra antiquata. Journal of Dalian Fisheries University, 22(6).
Yarmizina, A.L., Sokolov, E.N. and Arakelov, G.G., 1968. Identification of
the neurons of the left parietal ganglion in Lymnaea stagnalis.
Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology., 3(2): 119-127.
Yasemin Tunali and Melike Erkan., 2008. A structural study of functional
cells in hepatopancreas of Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819,
Pakistan. J. Zool., 40(2): 109-114.
*Ying, X.P., Yang, W.X., Zhang, Y.P. and Ni, Q.Y., 2003. Histology and
histochemical studies on the digestive system of Lunatia gilva. Journal
of Zhejiang University (Sciences Edition), 1.
Yochelson, E.L., 2003. Early Cambrian Salterella and Volborthella (Phylum
Agmata) re-evaluated. Lethaia, 36: 8-1.
Young, S.D., Crenshaw, M.A. and King, D.B., 1977. Mantle protein excretion
and calcification in the hard shell clam Mercenaria mercenaria. II. Protein
excretion in the intact clam. Marine Biology, 41(3): 253-257.
187 Zylstra, U., 1972. Histochemistry and ultrastructure of the epidermis and the
sub-epidermal gland cells of the freshwater snails Lymnaea stagnalis
and Biomphalaria pfeifferi. Z. Zellforsch. Mikrosk. Anat., 130(1): 93–134.
Zylstra, U., Boer, H.H. and Sminia, T., 1979. Ultrastructure, histology and
innervations of the mantle edge of the freshwater pulmonate snails
Lymnaea stagnalis and Biomphalaria pfeifferi. Calcified Tissue Research,
26(3): 271-82.
*Not reffered in Original
188