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Chapter 4- Federalism
Section 1
Objectives
1. Define federalism and explain why the Framers chose this system.
2. Identify powers delegated to and denied to the National Government, and powers
reserved for and denied to the States.
3. Explain the difference between exclusive and concurrent powers.
4. Examine the Constitution as “the supreme Law of the Land.”
Key Terms
 federalism
 division of powers
 delegated powers
 expressed powers
 implied powers
 inherent powers
 reserved powers
 exclusive powers
 concurrent powers
 Supremacy Clause
Introduction
 How is power divided between the Federal Government and the States?
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Federalism
 The Framers believed that government power must be divided and limited so that it
cannot threaten individual liberty.
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 Federalism allows local governments to handle local concerns while the national
government deals with national issues.
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Expressed Powers
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Implied Powers
 Checkpoint- Why is the Necessary and Proper Clause sometimes referred to as the Elastic
Clause?
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Inherent Powers
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Denied Powers
 The Constitution denies certain powers to the federal government.
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State Reserved Powers
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 The 10 Amendment reserves to the States all powers not given to the federal government
or denied to the States.
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 Issuing driver’s licenses is a power reserved to the States.
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Powers Denied the States
 The Constitution specifically denies some powers to the States.
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 The States are denied some powers by the nature of the federal system.
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Concurrent Powers
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Sharing Responsibility
 Some powers are exercised by both levels of government
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Supreme Law
 The Constitution is the supreme law of the land, standing above all treaties and acts of
Congress.
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• How does the disastrous result in this cartoon illustrate the Supremacy Clause?
Review
• Now that you have learned about how power is divided between the Federal Government
and the States, go back and answer the Chapter Essential Question.
 Is the federal system the best way to govern the United States?
Section 2
Objectives
• Summarize the obligations that the Constitution places on the National Government with
regard to the States.
• Explain the process for admitting new States to the Union.
• Examine the many and growing areas of cooperative federalism.
Key Terms
 enabling act
 act of admission
 grants-in-aid program
 categorical grant
 block grant
 project grant
Introduction
 According to the Constitution, what must the National Government guarantee to each
State?
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Guarantees and Protections
 The Constitution guarantees each State a republican form of government.
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 The Federal government must protect the States from invasions and domestic violence.
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Other Protections
 Presidents normally send in troops by State request, but if national laws, functions, or
property are endangered, they do not need to wait for a request.
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Admitting New States
 The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 set the rules for admitting new States.
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 Only Congress can admit new States.
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 Congress has admitted 37 States since the nation was founded.
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Territorial Expansion of the U.S.
Admission Procedure
• Checkpoint- What must a territory do once an enabling act is passed by Congress?
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• If Congress approves the State constitution, it passes an act of admission, which the
President must then sign to admit the new State.
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Louisiana Becomes a State
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Federal Grants
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Types of Federal Grants
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Other Types of Aid
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Review
• Now that you have learned about what the Constitution must guarantee to each State, go
back and answer the Chapter Essential Question.
• Is the federal system the best way to govern the United States?
Section 3
Objectives
• Explain why States make interstate compacts.
• Understand the purpose of the Full Faith and Credit Clause.
• Describe the Extradition Clause and explain its purpose.
• Explain the purpose of the Privileges and Immunities Clause.
Key Terms
 interstate compact
 Full Faith and Credit Clause
 extradition
 Privileges and Immunities Clause
Introduction
 How do the States work together to preserve the Union?
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Interstate Compacts
 States can enter agreements with other States and with foreign governments with the
consent of Congress.
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 States also cooperate to manage shared resources and border areas.
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Full Faith and Credit
 The Full Faith and Credit Clause of the Constitution requires each State to honor and
enforce the laws, official documents, and court rulings of other States.
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Exceptions
 There are two key exceptions to the Full Faith and Credit Clause
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Marriage and Divorce
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Extradition
 The Constitution states that people charged with a crime in one State who flee to another
State must be extradited—returned to the State where they were originally charged.
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Privileges and Immunities
 No State can make unreasonable distinctions between its residents and residents of
another State.
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 States can make reasonable distinctions between their residents and those of other States.
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 Checkpoint- Why might a State be restricted from making distinctions between its residents
and those of another State?
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Review
• Now that you have learned about how the States work together to preserve the Union, go
back and answer the Chapter Essential Question.
 Is the federal system the best way to govern the United States?