Study Guide for
G. A. Henty’s
“The Young
Carthaginian”
© 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
This work, G. A. Henty’s
“The Young Carthaginian”
Study Guide
Is Copyright © 2013 by Jim Hodges Productions
d.b.a. Jim Hodges Audio Books
The purchaser may make printed copies for all
members of his or her immediate family.
Printing copies to give to friends or extended family
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Table of Contents
1. Chapter 1…………………………………………………………………………5
2. Chapter 2…………………………………………………………………………7
3. Chapter 3…………………………………………………………………………9
4. Chapter 4…………………………………………………………………………11
5. Chapter 5…………………………………………………………………………13
6. Quiz 1……………………………………………………………………………..15
7. Chapter 6…………………………………………………………………………16
8. Chapter 7…………………………………………………………………………18
9. Chapter 8…………………………………………………………………………20
10. Chapter 9…………………………………………………………………………22
11. Chapter 10……………………………………………………………………….24
12. Quiz 2…………………………………………………………………………….26
13. Chapter 11……………………………………………………………………….27
14. Chapter 12……………………………………………………………………….29
15. Chapter 13……………………………………………………………………….31
16. Chapter 14……………………………………………………………………….33
17. Chapter 15……………………………………………………………………….35
18. Chapter 16……………………………………………………………………….37
19. Quiz 3…………………………………………………………………………….39
20. Chapter 17……………………………………………………………………….40
21. Chapter 18……………………………………………………………………….42
22. Chapter 19……………………………………………………………………….44
23. Chapter 20……………………………………………………………………….46
24. Chapter 21……………………………………………………………………….48
25. Chapter 22……………………………………………………………………….50
26. Quiz 4…………………………………………………………………………….52
27. Answer Key for Chapter 1 Questions…………………………………………53
28. Answer Key for Chapter 2 Questions…………………………………………53
29. Answer Key for Chapter 3 Questions…………………………………………53
30. Answer Key for Chapter 4 Questions…………………………………………53
31. Answer Key for Chapter 5 Questions…………………………………………54
32. Answer Key for Chapter 6 Questions…………………………………………54
33. Answer Key for Chapter 7 Questions…………………………………………54
34. Answer Key for Chapter 8 Questions…………………………………………55
35. Answer Key for Chapter 9 Questions…………………………………………55
36. Answer Key for Chapter 10 Questions………………………………………..55
37. Answer Key for Chapter 11 Questions………………………………………..56
38. Answer Key for Chapter 12 Questions………………………………………..56
39. Answer Key for Chapter 13 Questions………………………………………..56
40. Answer Key for Chapter 14 Questions………………………………………..57
41. Answer Key for Chapter 15 Questions………………………………………..57
42. Answer Key for Chapter 16 Questions………………………………………..57
43. Answer Key for Chapter 17 Questions………………………………………..58
44. Answer Key for Chapter 18 Questions………………………………………..58
Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
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45. Answer Key for Chapter 19 Questions………………………………………..58
46. Answer Key for Chapter 20 Questions………………………………………..58
47. Answer Key for Chapter 21 Questions………………………………………..59
48. Answer Key for Chapter 22 Questions………………………………………..59
49. Answer Key for Quiz 1 Questions……………………………………………..60
50. Answer Key for Quiz 2 Questions……………………………………………..60
51. Answer Key for Quiz 3 Questions……………………………………………..60
52. Answer Key for Quiz 4 Questions……………………………………………..61
Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
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Chapter 1
Vocabulary Words – Write a short definition of the following words: (The words are
arranged in the order they appear in the chapter rather than alphabetically.)
encamped
swarthy
lithe
inured
garb
jerkins
superintendence
repast
repose
personages
muslin
toga
scabbard
incrusted (encrusted)
baldrick
insurgent
triremes
incumbent
fret
vile
behooves
apt
traverse
wield
coverts
antagonist
unerring
lament
tyrants
goaded
suffetes
vessels
demigod
mercenaries
detestable
paramount
aggrandizement
cupidity
apex
flagrant
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impetuosity
wrested
chastise
prodigious
Chapter 1 Questions:
1. Who are the Numidians, where are they from, and where are they located?
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2. Name some of the various cultural representations in the desert camp.
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3. Who is Malchus and who is Hamilcar?
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4. Who is Hannibal?
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5. What is the Ebro, and where is it located?
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5. Malchus, by a rigorous training, had learned to endure cold and hardships. What
character trait does this exemplify?
Activities:
1. Using the vivid descriptions Henty provides at the start of this chapter, draw and color
the Numidian men, Iberian slingers, and the heavy infantrymen of Carthage who are
camped in the Libyan desert.
2. Compare and contrast the three estates form of government to the oligarchy
government in Carthage.
Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
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Chapter 2
Vocabulary Words – Write a short definition of the following words: (The words are
arranged in the order they appear in the chapter rather than alphabetically.)
formidable
hummock
nay
din
irresolute
reanimate
barbarians
torrent
comrades
rout
envoys
luxuriant
acropolis
edifices
citadel
abhorred
conglomerate
surmounted
cupolas
maritime
aristocratic
necropolis
indolence
demoguages
countenance
Chapter 2 Questions:
1. Who are the Phoenicians, and what did they found
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2. In chapter one, and again in this chapter, characters use the phrase, “I own that...”
What does this phrase mean?
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Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
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3. Giscon was wounded during the lion hunt.
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4. As the general’s troops neared the coast, the scenery changed. What types of things
could be found growing?
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5. What is Byrsa?
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Activities:
1. Research ancient and modern lion hunting. What do they still have in common? What
has changed over time? Be sure to include emotions or feelings toward lion hunting in
your comparison results. Make a chart detailing your results.
2. Henty describes the peculiar architecture in Carthage. What makes it peculiar? Can
you find similar design features in other cultures? Research this area and prepare a
short report detailing your findings. Try to include pictures if possible. You can download
or draw your own.
Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
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Chapter 3
Vocabulary Words – Write a short definition of the following words: (The words are
arranged in the order they appear in the chapter rather than alphabetically.)
incapacity
advocated
rampant
peculation
atoned
faction
dejected
mien
opportune
recoiled
orator
ratification
clique
denounced
rudimentary
chastisement
tributaries
fain
tumult
conduce
portico
fillet
bade
coddle
conclave
harangue
peal
enmity
thronged
ascertain
orate
pandered
apathetic
stevedores
Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
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Chapter 3 Questions:
1. Who was Hamilcar Barca?
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2. Hasdrubal, when alive, commented many times about Hannibal’s character. Name
two positive character traits he mentioned.
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3. Explain what Hamilcar means in this sentence: Get together a knot of men whom you
know; prime them with argument, and send them among their fellows.
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4. Where is the city of Carthage located?
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5. What do you think will happen in regards to support for Hannibal in the next chapter?
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Activities:
1. Carthaginians traditionally wore clothes adapted to keep people cool in the scorching
heat. Henty describes the clothing of the mother of Malchus in detail. Research clothing
from this time period and make several sketches of clothing men, women, and children
would have worn. Here are a few key words to get you started: chiton, stolla, palla, and
turbans. You might also like to include jewelry in your sketches.
2. Locate Carthage (Tunis) on a map. Identify all surrounding lands and bodies of water.
Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
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Chapter 4
Vocabulary Words – Write a short definition of the following words: (The words are
arranged in the order they appear in the chapter rather than alphabetically.)
earnest
quays
roused
exhortations
veneration
pacify
execration
rostrum
mitigate
veritable
quell
sullen
sallied
lyre
arabesques
repousse
buckler
legion
cohesion
sordid
enfeebled
villa
conceit
calumnies
execrable
pretext
ardent
rendezvous
ardour
Chapter 4 Questions:
1. Who is Hanno?
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2. What makes the geographical location of Carthage so important?
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3. The quiet citizens issued from their houses. What does that mean?
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4. In your own words, explain the following passage: As the Roman orator well said of
Carthage: "She was a figure of brass with feet of clay" -- a noble and imposing object to
the eye, but whom a vigorous push would level in the dust.
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5. Read the following quote from Malchus.
"I will join you, Giscon," he said, "if you will accept me. I am young, but I am ready to go
all lengths, and to give my life if needs be to free Carthage."
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Activities:
1. Become an orator today and do your best to convince others to support Hannibal.
Gather the family around to listen to your exhortations.
2. Research and learn about repousse and arabesques design. Then design your own
Carthaginian breastplate.
Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
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Chapter 5
Vocabulary Words – Write a short definition of the following words: (The words are
arranged in the order they appear in the chapter rather than alphabetically.)
indolence
repute
imprudent
amply
aught
levity
tumbril
trifling
demagogues
propitiate
blaspheme
scorner
quays
cordon
bernous
lissome
taciturn
gaudy
adieus
hawsers
whiled
intrigues
untrammelled
jerkin
Chapter 5 Questions:
1. Name two positive character traits Giscon attributes to Malchus.
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2. Who, or what is Moloch?
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3. Name at least one Biblical reference to Moloch.
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Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
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4. How has Moloch been used figuratively in English literature, or as a social allegory?
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5. Describe in detail the geography of Carthagena.
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Activities:
1. Research Moloch and present a short paper of your findings. What did Moloch look
like? What was the purpose of child sacrifice? What other six things were sacrificed to
Moloch at the same time as the child? What did the priests do during the sacrifice?
2. Is, or was child sacrifice used by any other cultures past or present? Compare and
contrast them to the god Moloch and the practices of the Carthaginians.
3. Begin a timeline of Hannibal. You will continue this activity for the remainder of the
book. You can create a paper timeline, or you can create an online timeline.
Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
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Quiz 1 Chapters 1-5
1. What is the “great jewel of the Mediterranean”?
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2. What type of government did Carthage have?
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3. Punic is Latin for what?
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4. The army is Carthage was staffed by _____?
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5. Where is the city of Carthage located?
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6. Who, or what is Moloch?
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7. Where did Carthaginian power lie?
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Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
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Chapter 6
Vocabulary Words – Write a short definition of the following words: (The words are
arranged in the order they appear in the chapter rather than alphabetically.)
pommel
bernous
swarthy
isthmus
repast
bivouac
sybarites
lugubrious
eradicated
allay
precipices
baldricks
halberds
lithe
clemency
desisted
impetus
Chapter 6 Questions:
1. Personification--This literary device gives human characteristics to something that is
not human. The following sentence is based on Tyre. What uses of personification are
there? “Very rapidly she fell from the lofty position she had held, and her place in the
world and her proud position as Queen of the Seas was very speedily taken by
Carthage.“
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2. Libyan mercenaries were among those present in the Second Punic War. Where is
Libya located?
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3. What types of animal sounds do the men hear while camping at night?
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Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
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4. Hannibal speaks to the men of Salamanca and tells them they are valiant and brave.
He says he knows how to honor such men. Hannibal is able to recognize and avoid
words, actions, and attitudes that could bring undesirable consequences. Which
character trait best describes him at this moment?
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5. Lugubrious is not a common word in our society today. What part of speech is it, and
what does it mean?
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Activities:
The Phoenicians were a seafaring people. They traveled long distances to trade goods.
They even sailed at night using only the stars as their guide.
1. Sketch a Phoenician ship.
http://www.ehow.com/how_8433417_draw-phoenician-ship.html
2. Design and build your own Phoenician ship.
http://www.ehow.com/how_7734572_build-phoenician-ships-school-projects.html
3. Begin a list of battles. Each time you read of a battle, note the location, who is
involved, and who wins. You will continue this activity for the remainder of the book.
4. Continue the timeline.
Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
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Chapter 7
Vocabulary Words – Write a short definition of the following words: (The words are
arranged in the order they appear in the chapter rather than alphabetically.)
corps d'elite
abode
fetes
docility
imprudence
clique
formidable
stag
whet
Chapter 7 Questions:
1. Who is Imilce?
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2. It is important to know and understand right timing in accomplishing right actions.
Malchus was rash in his decision to attend Giscon’s ill fated meeting; it almost cost him
his life. What positive character trait is opposite of rashness?
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3. Why did Malchus end up in a tree for two days?
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4. Explain Hannibal’s decision to attack Rome by land rather than sea.
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5. What makes Saguntum so important?
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Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
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Activities:
1. Hannibal has commissioned you to plan a glorious fete that will hugely impress his
new wife, Imilce. Draw up your plans for entertainment, food, music, security, games,
prizes... and present them to Hannibal for approval. Don’t forget to include your budget
for him to approve as well.
2. Phoenicians were known for glass blowing. Read about glass blowing-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glassblowing and watch a YouTube video-http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BJQDbxJn2fg, then make a glass blowing lapbook.
http://dynamic2moms.webs.com/glassglassblowing.htm
3. Continue the timeline.
4. Continue your list of battles.
Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
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Chapter 8
Vocabulary Words – Write a short definition of the following words: (The words are
arranged in the order they appear in the chapter rather than alphabetically.)
alluded
implored
obliged
pugnacious
badinage
plaited
repudiated
betide
deign
bandy
efface
clemency
acceded
abashed
Chapter 8 Questions:
1. Malchus spent time thinking about how they were going to defeat Rome. There were
a few steps involved according to Hannibal’s plans. Sequence these events.
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2. How does the geography of Saguntum make it hard to conquer?
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3. The Saguntines petitioned Rome several times for protection, but Rome didn’t
respond. Why?
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4. Malchus chooses Trebon as his lieutenant based upon a few positive character traits.
What are they?
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Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
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5. What is another good title for this chapter and why?
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Activities:
1. Learn about the Phoenicians by watching these YouTube videos.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sFOOgnp5F4U (features male anatomical statues)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BYbaXhY_7mQ
2. Try this Phoenician quizlet.
http://quizlet.com/16947396/the-phoenicians-flash-cards/
3. Begin a list of words describing Hannibal’s leadership/tactics/strategies. You will
continue this activity in each chapter.
4. Continue the timeline.
5. Continue your list of battles.
Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
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Chapter 9
Vocabulary Words – Write a short definition of the following words: (The words are
arranged in the order they appear in the chapter rather than alphabetically.)
insurrection
surmises
eminence
impregnable
sortie
worsted
falariques (look up in a French dictionary)
remonstrance
disdain
insolent
reparation
ascendancy
emissaries
conduce
commissariat
Chapter 9 Questions:
1. What character trait does Hannibal display in the following sentence? “Hannibal
himself was always present, encouraging the men by his praises, and sharing all their
hardships.” Tolerance, thriftiness, or sincerity?
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2. Where is Saguntum (Sagunto, Valencian Sagunt, Latin Saguntum) located?
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3. Who is Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus Cunctator, and what is his goal in
regards to Hannibal?
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4. What is Fabius Maximus widely know for in history?
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Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
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5. What convinces the Spanish to continue to fight for Hannibal?
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Activities:
1. Enjoy this interactive quiz game about the Phoenician alphabet which is the basis of
many languages.
http://www.purposegames.com/game/phoenician-alphabet-quiz/info
2. Watch this YouTube video about the Phoenician alphabet.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tcK-VFFKbCA
3. Continue the timeline.
4. Add to the list of words describing Hannibal’s leadership/tactics/strategies.
5. Continue your list of battles.
Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
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Chapter 10
Vocabulary Words – Write a short definition of the following words: (The words are
arranged in the order they appear in the chapter rather than alphabetically.)
tranquillity
asunder
precipice
consternation
inexplicable
Chapter 10 Questions:
1. Hannibal’s troops are mercenaries -- that is, they fight for pay in a cause which in no
way concerns them, so why do they continue to fight for Hannibal? What character trait
do they display?
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2. Where is Burgos located?
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3. At one point in the story, Malchus says, “We had better make up the ravine.” What
exactly does he mean, “make up the ravine”?
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4. Who is Astarte?
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5. Malchus used great strategy to avoid being captured by the natives. What strategy
would you have used in the same situation?
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Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
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Activities:
1. The Phoenicians were known for their purple dye made from the Murex sea snail. Try
your hand at making purple dye. http://satorismiles.com/2010/08/08/sotw-phoenicianpurple-murex-dye-activity/
2. Create a Mind Map about the causes of the Second Punic War. This graphic
organizer might be helpful.
http://www.eduplace.com/graphicorganizer/pdf/clusterweb2.pdf
3. Continue the timeline.
4. Add to the list of words describing Hannibal’s leadership/tactics/strategies.
5. Continue your list of battles.
Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
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Quiz 2 Chapters 6-10
1. Explain Hannibal’s decision to attack Rome by land rather than sea.
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2. Where is Libya located?
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______________________________________________________________________
3. What makes Saguntum so important?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
4. What is Fabius Maximus widely know for in history?
______________________________________________________________________
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______________________________________________________________________
5. The Saguntines petitioned Rome several times for protection, but Rome didn’t
respond. Why?
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______________________________________________________________________
6. What is a mercenary?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
7. What started the Second Punic War?
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Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
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Chapter 11
Vocabulary Words – Write a short definition of the following words: (The words are
arranged in the order they appear in the chapter rather than alphabetically.)
niter
skirmishes
tact
lavish
dissipated
suffice
prodigious
flotilla
reconnoitre
ascertain
harangued
alacrity
probosces
vexation
plight
impulsion
melee
despoiled
forestalled
haughty
Chapter 11 Questions:
1. What is the Pyrenees and where is it located?
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2. The beginning of this chapter speaks about blasting rocks. Henty states the
Carthaginians might have learned about explosives from the Chinese. What are the
Chinese known for that dates back to the 7th century?
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3. If someone is highly esteemed it is because they have honorable character traits.
How do you know the Gauls highly esteemed their women?
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Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
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4. Who is Scipio?
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5. What is the Rhone?
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6. What does this phrase mean? “Seeing that he attempted neither to fly nor to defend
himself...”
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Activities:
1. Hannibal had been raised to hate Rome and even made a promise to his father about
considering Rome his enemy. If you were Hannibal, how would you go about defeating
her? What strategy might you pursue? (Think about the nature of Roman power in Italy
– not a unified empire but a confederacy of theoretically independent cities and tribes
under Roman leadership.)
2. Learn about engineering during the time of Hannibal. Compare methods used then to
methods of today. How far apart are they? How advanced were the Carthaginians and
Romans?
3. Add to the list of words describing Hannibal’s leadership/tactics/strategies.
4. Continue the timeline.
5. Continue your list of battles.
Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 28 of 61
Chapter 12
Vocabulary Words – Write a short definition of the following words: (The words are
arranged in the order they appear in the chapter rather than alphabetically.)
roused
deem
manchet
verdure
fidelity
precipitating
crags
behooves
extricate
acclamation
eke
Chapter 12 Questions:
1. "My life is my lord's," the Arab replied simply. "Glad am I indeed that I have been able
to do you a service." Which two character traits describe how Nessus feels about
Malchus?
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2. Who are the Allobroges?
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3. Nessus says he “stole” away until morning. What does that mean?
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4. Hannibal gave a stirring speech as he and his men looked out upon the plains of
Italy. What did he tell his men they would find there?
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5. How many days did it take to cross the Alps?
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Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
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6. Do you think Hannibal was wise in his attempts to cross the Pyrenees and the Alps
given the men and animals he lost along the way? Why or why not?
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Activities:
1. Imagine you are a Carthaginian soldier under the leadership of Hannibal. Find out
more about the treacherous march through the Alps to Rome. You have heard stories
from travellers and are now going to find out for yourself what the trip will entail. Keep a
first-person journal account. Include descriptions about the hardships of the journey as
well as feelings about the tragic loss of life incurred during the trek. Remember to use
details such as the clothing they wore, the food they ate, enemies they fought, and what
it was like to bring elephants through the Alps. Don’t forget to illustrate your journal with
a map of the route and any pictures you will to include.
2. Do a little research and learn about the type of elephants Hannibal engaged in march
to Rome. How are they different from the common elephants we see in the local zoo?
What made him choose those specific elephants? Why did Hannibal use war
elephants? How hard were they to train? You can choose to either write a report or
create a poster to display your information.
3. Add to the list of words describing Hannibal’s leadership/tactics/strategies.
4. Continue the timeline.
5. Continue your list of battles.
Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 30 of 61
Chapter 13
Vocabulary Words – Write a short definition of the following words: (The words are
arranged in the order they appear in the chapter rather than alphabetically.)
fortnight
inured
supple
praetors
obstinately
mahout
mortified
docile
palisade
cuirass
inculcated
Chapter 13 Questions:
1. Where is Piacenza located, and why is it’s location strategic?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. Why is Malchus away from the troops for two months?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3. What makes crossing the Apennine Mountains (as well as the Alps) so dangerous?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
4. Malchus, without thinking, dives in after the young Gaulish girl who falls from the
bridge. Is he showing loyalty, virtue, or initiative?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
5. Who is Sempronius?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 31 of 61
6. Sempronius goes against Scipio’s advice and leads an ambitious attack at the Battle
of the Trebia. How does Hannibal win this battle?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Activities:
1. Many famous people hail from Piacenza. Make a list with their name, birth and death
dates, and what they are famous for. These will get you started.
•
•
•
Ettore Boiardi (1897–1985), chef, better known as Chef Boyardee.
Giorgio Armani (born 1934), fashion designer.
Teobaldo Visconti (c. 1210–1276), became Pope Gregory X.
2. Using a big map of Europe and North Africa, map Hannibal's march through the Alps
and the gradual expansion of the Roman Empire. Using different colors and symbols,
mark Carthage and its colonies as well as Rome and Roman colonies. Show how war
would have been nearly inevitable between the two expanding powers.
3. Add to the list of words describing Hannibal’s leadership/tactics/strategies.
4. Continue the timeline.
5. Continue your list of battles.
Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 32 of 61
Chapter 14
Vocabulary Words – Write a short definition of the following words: (The words are
arranged in the order they appear in the chapter rather than alphabetically.)
aspirations
sentiments
menaced
confiscated
asylum
indignation
emancipate
faction
indolent
sham
mar
stoutly
deference
covetous
denunciations
miasma
deter
ratify
aloof
subjugate
pacify
prudent
sullen
obstinate
Chapter 14 Questions:
1. Hamilcar describes Rome as having the wisdom to bind the Latin peoples around her
closely by bestowing upon them the rights of citizenship, by making them feel that her
cause is theirs. In contrast, how does he describe the actions of Carthage?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. Where is Lake Trasimene (Trasimeno)?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3. How does Hannibal engage Flaminius--why does Flaminius march against Hannibal?
______________________________________________________________________
Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 33 of 61
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
4. In what ways does Flaminius compare to Sempronius?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
5. Based on question 4, what character traits describe the opposite of Flaminius?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
6. What is the Fabian strategy?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Activities:
1. Research other major generals who led campaigns over the Alps. How do they
compare? How do they differ? Focus on how these generals had to anticipate the
environmental
conditions they would confront, and plan accordingly. Prepare a written report.
2. Research and study the governments of Rome and Carthage. Then compare and
contrast the two. Which government was the most efficient or most fair to the most
people. Keep in mind one major difference in the armies of the two powers was that
Roman soldiers in the early republic were patriots, while the army of Carthage was
composed of mercenaries. How did it affect the outcome of the wars?
3. Add to the list of words describing Hannibal’s leadership/tactics/strategies.
4. Continue the timeline.
5. Continue your list of battles. Here’s an animated map for the Lake Trasimene Battle.
http://militaryhistory.about.com/gi/o.htm?zi=1/XJ&zTi=1&sdn=militaryhistory&cdn=educa
tion&tm=147&f=20&su=p284.13.342.ip_&tt=11&bt=5&bts=&zu=http%3A//www.theartofb
attle.com/battle-of-lake-trasimene-217-bc.htm
Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 34 of 61
Chapter 15
Vocabulary Words – Write a short definition of the following words: (The words are
arranged in the order they appear in the chapter rather than alphabetically.)
alighted
alliance
patois
trebled
arbitrate
hew
stringent
fretted
defile
Chapter 15 Questions:
1. This sentence sounds like a question, but it isn’t. What does it mean? “Do you enter
with me, Trebon, but let your men remain...”
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. Who does Trebon enlist to help him free Malchus from the chief?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3. Who is Gnaeus Servilius Geminus?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
4. Where is Campania located?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
5. Analyze Hannibal’s use of torches affixed to the horns of the cows. Was this a smart
strategy? Why or why not? Explain your answer.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 35 of 61
Activities:
1. The cattle ascending the mountain must have been a spectacular site. Draw a picture
of this strategic event. An alternate idea is to draw the picture on black construction
paper with pastel chalk. You can sketch from the point of view of Fabius if you choose.
2. Alphabetize the vocabulary words.
3. Add to the list of words describing Hannibal’s leadership/tactics/strategies.
4. Continue the timeline.
5. Continue your list of battles.
Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 36 of 61
Chapter 16
Vocabulary Words – Write a short definition of the following words: (The words are
arranged in the order they appear in the chapter rather than alphabetically.)
enticed
intrenchments
foraging
impetuosity
obstinately
annihilated
pestiferous
lethargy
patricians
plebeians
exigences
hawse
bulwarks
malediction
litter
portal
apertures
mutilated
cowed
Chapter 16 Questions:
1. What is Apulia and where is it located?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. Who is Marcus Minucius Rufus?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3. Why does Minucius resign his post, and do you agree with his decision? Why or why
not?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
4. What huge mistake does Malchus make while sailing to Carthage?
______________________________________________________________________
Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 37 of 61
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
5. By not heeding the message from Nessus, Malchus finds himself in a Carthage
dungeon. Rather than demonstrating the positive character trait of alertness, Malchus
shows the negative character trait of what?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Activities:
1. In this activity you are going to interview Hannibal and Malchus for a newspaper
article. The folks back in Carthage want to know everything that is going on and you are
just the person to fill them in. The interview will obviously include dates, locations,
battles, statistics, and enemies, but you will also want to include emotions, feelings, and
what-ifs. This can be a one time print, a two-part story, or even a series. You can make
it purely factual, or you can highlight adventure, intrigue, and danger to draw your
reader in. You decide!
2. Alphabetize the vocabulary words.
3. Add to the list of words describing Hannibal’s leadership/tactics/strategies.
4. Continue the timeline.
5. Continue your list of battles.
Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 38 of 61
Quiz 3 Chapters 11-16
1. What is the Pyrenees and where is it located?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. Who is Scipio?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3. How many days did it take to cross the Alps?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
4. What makes crossing the Apennine Mountains (as well as the Alps) so dangerous?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
5. What is the Fabian strategy?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
6. Where is Campania located?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
7. Who is Marcus Minucius Rufus?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 39 of 61
Chapter 17
Vocabulary Words – Write a short definition of the following words: (The words are
arranged in the order they appear in the chapter rather than alphabetically.)
contrive
absolved
meted
subterranean
aqueducts
moored
embarked
avail
howdah
mahouts
docile
feigning
garb
cumbrous
casemates
bulwark
bustle
voucher
redoubled
pacify
Chapter 17 Questions:
1. Where does Nessus decided to hide Malchus, and do you think it is a safe and
inconspicuous place? Explain.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. The friends of Nessus go out of their way to help Malchus hide even though it puts
them in great danger. They say Nessus’ friends are their friends and his master is their
master. This shows the character traits of honor and hospitality or honor and humility?
______________________________________________________________________
3. What does “without” mean in this sentence? “... then remembered that he had heard
that at nightfall numbers of bats could be seen flying up from the openings to the
reservoirs to seek food without, returning to their hiding places when morning
approached.”
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 40 of 61
4. Do you think Malcus will be able to escape the citadel without exception? Explain why
or why not.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
5. What is another good title for this chapter?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Activities:
1. Research and construct a model or schematic drawing of a Carthaginian warship
and/or a Roman warship. Expand your drawing with descriptions of the ship’s main
features and the roles of crew members.
2. Learn about cisterns and reservoirs used in ancient times. What purpose did they
serve? How were they constructed? Were they effective? Are they still used today?
3. Add to the list of words describing Hannibal’s leadership/tactics/strategies.
4. Continue the timeline.
5. Continue your list of battles.
Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 41 of 61
Chapter 18
Vocabulary Words – Write a short definition of the following words: (The words are
arranged in the order they appear in the chapter rather than alphabetically.)
parapet
opulent
traverse
stratagem
populace
tribunals
pretense
partisans
foul
accursed
indignant
resignedly
slothful
enervating
dissuade
sentiments
stealthily
accosted
embroiled
abated
entrenched
insubordination
arduous
interposed
Chapter 18 Questions:
1. Read what Manon says in this sentence: "I say nothing to dissuade you, Malchus,"
the old man replied, "such are the natural sentiments of your age; and methinks, were
my own time to come over again, I too would choose such...” What does he mean when
he uses the phrase “to come over again”?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. Malchus states that if he survives the battlefield he will go to live out the rest of his life
in Gaul. Why does he say this, and why does he choose Gaul?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 42 of 61
3. What is Corinth, and where is it located?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
4. Brundisium is Latin for what?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
5. When and where is the battle of Cannae?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Activities:
1. Increase your knowledge about the Punic Wars using these flash cards.
http://www.studenthandouts.com/Games-02/FC-The-Punic-Wars.html
2. Here is a military strategy game you can make and play about the battle at Cannae.
You will need a printer. http://juniorgeneral.org/rome/cannae.html
3. Add to the list of words describing Hannibal’s leadership/tactics/strategies.
4. Continue the timeline.
5. Continue your list of battles.
Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 43 of 61
Chapter 19
Vocabulary Words – Write a short definition of the following words: (The words are
arranged in the order they appear in the chapter rather than alphabetically.)
exultation (exaltation)
annihilation
destitute
lenient
deputation
clemency
elysium
sinewy
formidable
stagnant
conscripted
wealed
ore
roused
Chapter 19 Questions:
1. Maharbal and some of the other leaders urge Hannibal to march upon Rome. Was
does Hannibal choose not to do this?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. Who is Marcus Claudius Marcellus?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3. Where are Hannibal’s bitterest enemies?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
4. How does Henty have Malchus describe the prospect of trying to row in the stormy
Mediterranean Sea?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 44 of 61
5. How do the Romans view those who lay down their arms?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
6. Hannibal, as a matter of policy, had always treated prisoners with humanity and
leniency. Does this show deference or compassion?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
7. What is mined in Sardinia?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Activities:
1. Have fun playing this online game about the Punic Wars.
http://www.studenthandouts.com/Games-02/ES-The-Punic-Wars.html
2. How much do you know about geography during the Punic Wars. Try this map quiz.
http://www.studenthandouts.com/Games-04/MAP-The-Punic-Wars-Ancient-Rome-MapQuiz-DBQ-MC.html
3. Add to the list of words describing Hannibal’s leadership/tactics/strategies.
4. Continue the timeline.
5. Continue your list of battles.
Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 45 of 61
Chapter 20
Vocabulary Words – Write a short definition of the following words: (The words are
arranged in the order they appear in the chapter rather than alphabetically.)
sauntered
scrupulously
recesses
requisition
rout
morrow
beetling
stupefied
confiscated
arbours (arbors)
vistas
laden
elude
inviolate
harry
ratified
spectacle
insurgents
thronged
dejection
menaces
mien
mantle
imperiously
baulked (balked)
deferentially (differently)
personage
capricious
seized
unbridled
subservience
denunciations
aristrocity
amassed
Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 46 of 61
Chapter 20 Questions:
1. The men agree to work together in the forest in order to survive. They share food,
shelter, and encouragement. This demonstrates what character trait?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. What do you think about the men wanting to surrender? Is it a good or bad idea?
Explain your answer stating why it can be good and why it can be bad.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3. When we use the word praying we often think of it in terms of praying or talking to
God. How is praying used in this sentence: “I will draw out a document, setting them
forth and my acceptance of them, and will send it at once to the prefect, praying him to
sign it, and to forward it to Rome for the approval of the senate.”
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
4. What is the main reason Flavia wants Malchus as her slave?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
5. As Malchus is led through the streets of Rome, he makes comparisons to Carthage.
What does he compare?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Activities:
1. Using a chart, list the strengths and weaknesses of Hannibal’s preparations for
attacking Rome. A “T” chart might be helpful.
http://www.eduplace.com/graphicorganizer/pdf/tchart_eng.pdf
2. Try this multiple choice practice quiz about the Punic Wars.
http://www.studenthandouts.com/Games-02/MC-The-Punic-Wars.html
3. Add to the list of words describing Hannibal’s leadership/tactics/strategies.
4. Continue the timeline and list of battles
Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 47 of 61
Chapter 21
Vocabulary Words – Write a short definition of the following words: (The words are
arranged in the order they appear in the chapter rather than alphabetically.)
ventured
reverentially
haughty
loathing
condescendingly
incredulously
dames
despise
averse
chastise
livid
behest
grovelling
irresolute
suffice
acquiescence
circuit
docility
biding
render
fancy
astonish
exorbitant
hence
magnanimity
caprices
resolve
oblige
dissolute
Chapter 21 Questions:
1. What are the duties of Malchus while Flavia’s slave?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. Why does Sempronius dislike Malchus? What negative character trait describes him?
______________________________________________________________________
Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 48 of 61
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3. Does Flavia plan on helping Malchus & Clotilde out of the goodness of her heart?
What are her reasons?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
4. What does “light upon you” mean in this sentence? "Pretty slaves have been carried
off before now, and no suspicion need light upon you.”
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
5. Who is Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Activities:
1. Hypothesize what might have happened to the balance of power in the
Mediterranean if Hannibal had conquered the city of Rome.
2. Are you up to the challenge? Go head-to-head in this fun two person quiz challenge
about the Punic Wars. You have a few options at the bottom of the page.
http://www.studenthandouts.com/Games-02/PT-The-Punic-Wars.html
3. Create two Mind Maps. One map will note the reasons for the Roman victory and the
other will note the reasons for Hannibal’s defeat.
Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 49 of 61
Chapter 22
Vocabulary Words – Write a short definition of the following words: (The words are
arranged in the order they appear in the chapter rather than alphabetically.)
niche
corridor
affright
procured
resolute
prostrate
grappled
kerchief
implored
ascertained
wooing
leech
avowing
seclusion
battlements
bade
eminence
extricate
obstinate
adroitness
affianced
lethargy
sufferance
intrigue
sloth
dissensions
defied
tottering
ample
inculcated
rectify
injunction
Chapter 22 Questions:
1. What “burden” does the slave drop in the following sentence? “...while the other
slave, dropping his burden, closed with Malchus and threw his arms around him.”
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 50 of 61
2. Julia demands a hue and cry. What is it?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3. What is the third-longest river in Italy and the main watercourse for the city of Rome?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
4. Where is Capua?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
5. When does Hannibal go into exile?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
6. What happens to Hannibal in Bithynia?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Activities:
1. Construct a family tree for Hannibal.
2. Do you think the story of Hannibal could be an example of hagiography? Look up the
word ‘hagiography’ in a dictionary. What do you think? Hagiography refers to the
biographies of saints or venerate persons; idealizing or idolizing biography.
3. Complete your list of words describing Hannibal’s leadership/tactics/strategies. Then,
using those as a guide decide why Hannibal should be remembered. You can design a
poster, write a report, compose a song, or write a poem for this activity. Be creative.
4. Complete the timeline.
5. Complete your list of battles.
Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 51 of 61
Quiz 4: Chapters 17-22
1. When and where is the battle of Cannae?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. Where are Hannibal’s bitterest enemies?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3. Summarize Hannibal in The Second Punic War.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
4. As Malchus is led through the streets of Rome, he makes comparisons to Carthage.
What does he compare?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
5. Who is Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
6. Which Roman general is famous for defeating Hannibal during the Second Punic
War?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
7. What happens to Hannibal in Bithynia?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 52 of 61
Chapter 1 Answers:
1. The Numidians, one of the earliest natives to trade with the settlers of Carthage, are
Berber people from Numidia. Numidia is located in present day Algeria and a smaller
part of Tunisia.
2.. Greece, Nubia, Sardinia, the islands of the Aegean, Crete, Egypt, Celts, Libya, and
Phoenicia are all represented.
3. Malchus is the son of Hamilcar, the leader of the expedition in the desert.
4. He is the cousin of Malchus and known as the greatest man in Carthage.
5. The Ebro, or Ebre, is one of the most important rivers in the Iberian Peninsula. It is
the biggest river by discharge volume in Spain.
6. Endurance
Chapter 2 Answers:
1. The Phoenicians, originally, are a Semitic (ancestors of Shem) people that once
inhabited the coasts of modern Lebanon. They are seafarers and they founded
Carthage in 814 BC. They later gave birth to the so-called Punic culture which had its
roots in the Berber and Phoenician cultures.
2. I admit
3. Cautiousness (Proverbs 19:2)
4. Olive trees, fig trees, pomegranates, other fruit trees, nut trees, vineyards, palm
trees, and other luxuriant crops
5. Byrsa is the walled citadel above the harbour in ancient Carthage. It is also the name
of the hill it rested on. The name is derived from the Phoenician word for citadel.
Chapter 3 Answers:
1. Hamilcar Barca was a Carthaginian general and statesman of Cyrene origin, leader
of the Barcid family, and father of Hannibal, Hasdrubal, and Mago. He was also fatherin-law to Hasdrubal the Fair.
2. Loftiness of aim, unselfish patriotism, clearness of judgment, command of his troops,
administration of duties
3. Hamilcar is telling Malchus to encourage small groups of men to action by talking up
the situation to them; to make them ready or prepare them for supporting Hannibal.
4. Carthage is located on the tip of North Africa in present day Tunisia, on the eastern
side of Lake Tunis across from the center of Tunis.
5. What do you think will happen in regards to support for Hannibal in the next chapter?
Answers will vary.
Chapter 4 Answers:
1. Hanno the Great is a wealthy Carthaginian aristocrat who opposes Hannibal and
leads the anti-war faction in Carthage because he is pro-Roman.
2. Carthage was built on a promontory with sea inlets to the north and the south. The
city's location made it master of the Mediterranean's maritime trade. All ships crossing
the sea had to pass between Sicily and the coast of Tunisia, where Carthage was built,
affording it great power and influence.
3. They came from their houses; left their houses.
4. Suggested answer--Carthage looks intimidating, but looks are deceiving.
Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 53 of 61
5. Justice
Chapter 5 Answers:
1.Brave, ready, thoughtful and trustworthy
2. Moloch worship was practiced by the Canaanites, Phoenician, and related cultures in
North Africa and the Levant. As a god worshipped by the Phoenicians and Canaanites,
Moloch had associations with a particular kind of propitiatory child sacrifice by parents.
3. Moloch figures in the Book of Deuteronomy and in the Book of Leviticus as a form of
idolatry (Leviticus 18:21: "And thou shalt not let any of thy seed pass through the fire to
Moloch"). In the Old Testament, Gehenna was a valley by Jerusalem, where apostate
Israelites and followers of various Baalim and Canaanite gods, including Moloch,
sacrificed their children by fire (2 Chr. 28:3, 33:6; Jer. 7:31, 19:2–6).
4. John Milton’s “Paradise Lost” (1667), refers to a person or thing demanding or
requiring a very costly sacrifice. In Allen Ginsberg’s “Howl” (1995), Moloch is used as a
metaphor for capitalism and industrial civilization, and for America, more specifically.
Bertrand Russell's A Free Man's Worship (1903), uses Moloch as a social allegory.
Moloch is used to describe a particularly savage brand of religion.
5. It lay at the head of a gulf facing south, about a mile in depth and nearly double that
width. Across the mouth of this bay was an island, with a narrow passage on each side,
protecting it from the southern winds, and forming with it a magnificent harbour. On a
bold hill at the head of the harbour stood the town. This hill rose from a wide lagoon,
which communicated on one side with the sea, and was on the other separated from it
only by a strip of land, four hundred yards wide. Through this a wide channel had been
dug. Thus the hill, which was of considerable extent, rugged and precipitous, was
isolated, and could only be attacked by sea.
Chapter 6 Answers:
1. Very rapidly she fell from the lofty position she had held, and her place in the world
and her proud position as Queen of the Seas was very speedily taken by Carthage.
2. Libya, officially the State of Libya, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa
bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the
southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west.
3. Troops of monkeys, hyenas, jackals, lions, and wolves
4. He is using discretion.
5. It is an adjective that means mournful, dismal, or gloomy, especially to an
exaggerated or ludicrous degree.
Chapter 7 Answers:
1. Imilce is an Iberian princess, daughter of King mucro of Cástulo, who was given in
marriage to Hannibal to seal the alliance between Cástulo and Carthage at the
beginning of the Second Punic War .
2. Cautiousness (Proverbs 19:2)
3. Wolves were trying to kill him so he retreated to the tree to escape them and buy time
until he could figure a way of escape.
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4. Carthage is no longer the most powerful on the sea and can’t overtake Rome via that
route. Hannibal decides attacking by land via the Alps into Italy itself, with the aid of
others who oppose Italy, will bring victory for Carthage.
5. Saguntum gives Hannibal a safe, and close military base from which he can supply
his forces with food and extra troops.
Chapter 8 Answers:
1. First, Northern Spain was to be conquered. Second, Gaul had to be crossed. Third,
the terrible Alps had to be surmounted. And fourth, a fight for life and death was to be
fought out on the plains of Italy.
2. The city stood on an almost isolated rock at the foot of a spur of the mountains which
formed an amphitheatre behind it. Sheer drops from the wall made Saguntum almost
inaccessible. Only the western side where the rocks sloped gradually down to the plain
was accessible, but the walls there were strong and high, and were strengthened by a
tower which dominated the whole slope. The approach was made even more difficult
since there was no soil and no cover of any kind. Also, the country around it was fertile
so growing food was no problem. The sea was less than a mile from its walls which
meant the Romans could send troops easily to them.
3. They saw no reason to post troops in such a faraway place, and they viewed the very
young Hannibal as no threat.
4. Malchus describes Trebon as prompt and active, always cheerful under fatigue, and
as brave as a lion.
5. Answers will vary.
Chapter 9 Answers:
1. Sincerity--Eagerness to do what is right with transparent motives(I Peter 1:22).
2. Sagunto is located in the modern fertile comarca of Camp de Morvedre in the
province of Valencia in Eastern Spain. This hilly site is situated at the foot of the Peñas
de Pajarito, on the western bank of the Palancia River, just north-northeast of Valencia
city, close to the Costa del Azahar on the Mediterranean Sea.
3. Fabius Maximus is a Roman politician and general, born in Rome around 280 BC and
died in Rome in 203 BC. His agnomen Cunctator (cognate to the English noun
cunctation) means "delayer" in Latin, and refers to his tactics in deploying the troops
during the Second Punic War. He adopted an indirect strategy aimed at two goals: To
deny the Carthaginian ability to re-supply by cutting their supply lines and practicing a
Scorched Earth policy. And secondly to keep Rome’s Italic allies from defecting to
Carthage.
4. He is widely regarded as the father of guerrilla warfare due to his, at the time, novel
strategy of targeting enemy supply lines in light of being largely outnumbered.
5. Once they saw the great wealth brought back, they no longer felt it a hardship to fight
in the Carthaginian ranks, and the levies called out in the spring went willingly and even
eagerly.
Chapter 10 Answers:
1. They see and admire Hannibal’s genuine concern for their welfare and how he treats
them as comrades. Loyalty
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2. Burgos is is located in northern Spain and is the historic capital of Castile. It is
situated on the confluence of the Arlanzón river tributaries, at the edge of the Iberian
central plateau.
3. He means they need to go toward and climb up the ravine.
4. An ancient Semitic goddess of love and war, being the Phoenician, Syrian, and
Canaanite counterpart to Ishtar. In the Bible, her name sometimes appears in the plural,
perhaps referring to a group of goddesses. Also called Ashtoreth.
5. Answers will vary.
Chapter 11 Answers:
1.The Pyrenees is a range of mountains in southwest Europe that forms a natural
border between France and Spain. It separates the Iberian Peninsula from the rest of
continental Europe, and extends for about 305 miles from the Bay of Biscay (Cap
Higuer) to the Mediterranean (Cap de Creus).
2. Fireworks
3. In the treaty Hannibal entered into with the Gaulish chiefs, they demanded all
complaints on the part of the natives against Carthaginian troops should be carried to
Hannibal himself or the general representing him, and that all complaints of the
Carthaginians against the natives should be decided without appeal by a council
composed of Gaulish women, not men.
4. Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus, also known as Scipio the African, Scipio the
Elder, and Scipio the Great was a general in the Second Punic War and statesman of
the Roman Republic.
5. It is one of the major rivers of Europe, rising in Switzerland and running from there
through southeastern France. At Arles, near its mouth on the Mediterranean Sea, the
river divides into two branches, known as the Great Rhone (French: Grand Rhône) and
the Little Rhone (Petit Rhône). The resulting delta constitutes the Camargue region.
6. He wasn’t trying to run away (fly).
Chapter 12 Answers:
1. Hospitality, Attentiveness, Cautiousness, Forgiveness, Loyalty--Attentiveness and
Loyalty
2. They are a Gallic tribe of ancient Gaul, located between the Rhône River and the
Lake of Geneva. Their cities were in the areas of modern-day Annecy, Chambéry and
Grenoble, the modern departement of Isère, and modern Switzerland. Their capital was
today's Vienne.
3. He hid.
4. He told them they would find rest and friends, wealth and glory.
5. 15
6. Answers will vary.
Chapter 13 Answers:
1. Strategically the city is at a major crossroads between Bologna, gateway to eastern
Italy, and Milan, gateway to the Alps, and between Brescia at the foot of the Alps and
Tortona, where branches lead to Turin in the north, and Genoa, a major coastal port.
Piacenza is also at the confluence of the Trebbia, draining the northern Apennines, and
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the Po, the major waterway of northern Italy, draining to the east. Piacenza right from its
foundation has been of vital interest to political powers who would control northern Italy,
more than any other city there.
2. He was recuperating from severe frostbite on his feet and other injuries.
3. The terrain of the Apennines (and the Alps) is to a large degree unstable due to
various types of landslides: falls and slides of rocks and debris, flows of earth and mud,
spreads of earth and sinkholes.
4. Initiative
5. Tiberius Sempronius Longus was a Roman consul during the Second Punic War and
a contemporary of Publius Cornelius Scipio.
6. Sempronius charges his army into a trap and is enveloped by the forces of Hannibal’s
brother, Mago.
Chapter 14 Answers:
1. Carthage has throughout her history been paving the way for her fall. She fights, but
it is with foreign mercenaries. She stamps under foot the people she has conquered,
and while her tax collectors grind them to the earth, and she forces them to send their
sons to fight her battles, she gives them no share in her privileges, no voice in her
councils.
2. Lake Trasimene is the largest lake on the Italian peninsula, part of the province of
Perugia, in the Umbria region. The Lake is located in the south of the Po River and to
the north of the nearby Tiber River.
3. Flaminius is eager to exact revenge for the devastation of the countryside and is
upset at facing increasing political criticism from Rome, so he marches out against
Hannibal.
4. Flaminius, like Sempronius, was impetuous, overconfident, and lacking in self-control.
5. Answers might include alertness, cautiousness, wisdom, decisiveness, or
thoroughness.
6. Quintus Fabius Maximus was elected dictator by the Roman Assembly and adopted
the "Fabian strategy" of avoiding pitched conflict, relying instead on low-level
harassment to wear the invader down, until Rome could rebuild its military strength.
Chapter 15 Answers:
1. Malchus is actually instructing Trebon to go with him into the hut of the chief.
2. About 50 old men, women, and children he forced into helping him.
3. He was a Roman consul, serving as both general and admiral of Roman forces,
during the Second Punic War.
4. In Southern Italy on the Italian Peninsula with the Mediterranean Sea to the west.
5.. Answers will vary.
Chapter 16 Answers:
1. Apulia is a region of Italy in Southern Italy bordering the Adriatic Sea in the east, the
Ionian Sea to the southeast, and the Strait of Òtranto and Gulf of Taranto in the south.
2. He was a political enemy of Fabius Maximus. He was against his delaying defensive
strategy during the Second Punic War.
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3. He allows Hannibal to draw him into battle (should have been following the Fabian
Strategy) and had it not been for Fabius, his whole army would have been destroyed.
Answers will vary on the second part of the question.
4. He dismisses the news that some men on board know who he is.
5. Unawareness-- he should have been aware of that which is taking place around him
so he could have the right response to it. (Mark 14:38)
Chapter 17 Answers:
1. He hides him in the reservoirs. Answers will vary on the second part of the question.
2. honor and hospitality
3. outside
4.. Answers will vary.
5.. Answers will vary.
Chapter 18 Answers:
1. He means if he were still growing up, maturing, or transitioning into a young man just
as Malchus is doing.
2. Malchus possess a strong and honorable character and is disillusioned with the
tyranny, corruption, recklessness, and unpatriotic behavior of the citizens in Carthage.
He wishes to live Gaul where he can be free and independent, and where courage and
manliness and honour count for much, and where the enervating influence of wealth is
as yet unknown.
3. Corinth is a Greek city-state and is located on the Isthmus of Corinth, the narrow
stretch of land that joins the Peloponnesus to the mainland of Greece, roughly halfway
between Athens and Sparta.
4. August 2, 216 BC in Apulia in southeast Italy.
Chapter 19 Answers:
1. Hannibal knew the spirit of the Roman people, and felt that the capture of Rome,
even after the annihilation of its army, would be a greater task than he could undertake.
2. Marcus Claudius Marcellus was five times elected as consul of the Roman Republic
and was an important Roman military leader during the Gallic War of 225 BC and the
Second Punic War. He re-emerged onto both the political and military scene during the
Second Punic War, in which he took part in important battles.
3. Hannibal's bitterest enemies were to be found not in Italy but in the senate of
Carthage.
4. He likens the sea to teeth, most likely sharp, cutting teeth.
5. They view them as a disgrace and will not exchange prisoners for them or allow them
to be ransomed.
6. Compassion
7. Lead ore
Chapter 20 Answers:
1. Hospitality (Hebrews 13:2)
2. Answers will vary.
3. To make a fervent request or entreaty. To ask (someone) imploringly; beseech.
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4. Because of his looks.
5. He compares dress or clothing, absence of luxury, the plainness of the architecture of
the houses, the free and manly bearing of the citizens, and the power and vigor of the
people.
Chapter 21 Answers:
1. He will accompany her when she walks around, he must stand behind her when she
is dining, and he will take care of her pets.
2. He is angry because Julia has feelings for Malchus--anger.
3. No, she decides to help Malchus and Clotilde because she knows if Clotilde stays
she and Julia will be at odds. She wants to look big to her friends, and she wants a
connection in Carthage should her husband ever find himself a prisoner of Carthage.
4. Land on you, be attached to you, bring attention to you.
5. A Roman Republican consul in the Second Punic War, and husband of Flavia.
Chapter 22 Questions:
1. He drops Clotilde.
2. In common law, a hue and cry is a process by which bystanders are summoned to
assist in the apprehension of a criminal who has been witnessed in the act of
committing a crime.
3. The Tiber River.
4. Capua is a city and comune in the province of Caserta, Campania, southern Italy,
situated 16 miles north of Naples, on the northeastern edge of the Campanian plain.
5. BC 196
6. Rome makes a demand upon Prusias, King of Bithynia, for Hannibal’s surrender.
Prusias is about to comply with the demand when Hannibal takes his life rather than
become a prisoner of Rome. He was 64 years old.
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Quiz Answers
Quiz 1: Chapters 1-5 Answers:
1. Carthage
2. Oligarchy
3. Phoenician
4. Mercenaries
5. Carthage is located on the tip of North Africa in present day Tunisia, on the eastern
side of Lake Tunis across from the center of Tunis.
6. Moloch worship was practiced by the Canaanites, Phoenician, and related cultures in
North Africa and the Levant. As a god worshipped by the Phoenicians and Canaanites,
Moloch had associations with a particular kind of propitiatory child sacrifice by parents.
7. In it’s large Phoenician navy, in it’s Mercenary army, and in its oligarchical
government.
Quiz 2: Chapters 6-10 Answers:
1. Carthage is no longer the most powerful on the sea and can’t overtake Rome via that
route. Hannibal decides attacking by land via the Alps into Italy itself, with the aid of
others who oppose Italy, will bring victory for Carthage.
2. Libya, officially the State of Libya, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa
bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the
southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west.
3. Saguntum gives Hannibal a safe, and close military base from which he can supply
his forces with food and extra troops.
4. He is widely regarded as the father of guerrilla warfare due to his, at the time, novel
strategy of targeting enemy supply lines in light of being largely outnumbered.
5. They saw no reason to post troops in such a faraway place, and they viewed the very
young Hannibal as no threat.
6. Someone who fights for pay in a cause which in no way concerns them.
7. Rome challenged Carthaginian expansion in Iberia (Spain).
Quiz 3: Chapters 11-16 Answers:
1. The Pyrenees is a range of mountains in southwest Europe that forms a natural
border between France and Spain.
2. Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus, also known as Scipio the African, Scipio the
Elder, and Scipio the Great was a general in the Second Punic War and statesman of
the Roman Republic.
3. 15
4. The terrain of the Apennines (and the Alps) is to a large degree unstable due to
various types of landslides: falls and slides of rocks and debris, flows of earth and mud,
spreads of earth and sinkholes.
5. Quintus Fabius Maximus was elected dictator by the Roman Assembly and adopted
the "Fabian strategy" of avoiding pitched conflict, relying instead on low-level
harassment to wear the invader down, until Rome could rebuild its military strength.
6. In Southern Italy on the Italian Peninsula with the Mediterranean Sea to the west.
Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
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7. He was a political enemy of Fabius Maximus. He was against his delaying defensive
strategy during the Second Punic War.
Quiz 4: Chapters 17-22 Answers:
1. August 2, 216 BC in Apulia in southeast Italy.
2. Hannibal's bitterest enemies were to be found not in Italy but in the senate of
Carthage.
3. General Hannibal led 60,000 men and dozens of elephants through Spain, along the
Mediterranean coast, through Gaul, and across the Alps to Italy. He fought in Italy for 15
years, winning many battles, but could not capture the city of Rome.
4. He compares dress or clothing, absence of luxury, the plainness of the architecture
of the houses, the free and manly bearing of the citizens, and the power and vigor of the
people.
5. A Roman Republican consul in the Second Punic War, and husband of Flavia.
6. Scipio
7. Rome makes a demand upon Prusias, King of Bithynia, for Hannibal’s surrender.
Prusias is about to comply with the demand when Hannibal takes his life rather than
become a prisoner of Rome. He was 64 years old.
Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
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char•act•er: the inward values that determine outward actions
Alertness
Being aware of what is taking place around me so
I can have the right responses
Endurance
Obedience
Attentiveness
The inward strength to withstand stress and do
my best
Showing the worth of a person or task by giving
my undivided concentration
Enthusiasm
Expressing joy in each task as I give it my
best effort
Orderliness
Making my schedule and priorities secondary to
the wishes of those I serve
Confidence that actions rooted in good character
will yield the best outcome, even when I cannot
see how
Availability
Benevolence
Giving to others’ basic needs without having as
my motive personal reward
Boldness
Confidence to say or do what is true, right,
and just
Cautiousness
Knowing the importance of right timing in
accomplishing right actions
Compassion
Investing whatever is necessary to heal the hurts
of others
Contentment
Realizing that true happiness does not depend on
material conditions
Creativity
Approaching a need, a task, or an idea from a
new perspective
Decisiveness
The ability to recognize key factors and finalize
difficult decisions
Deference
Limiting my freedom so I do not offend the tastes
of those around me
Dependability
Fulfilling what I consented to do, even if it means
unexpected sacrifice
Determination
Purposing to accomplish right goals at the right
time, regardless of the opposition
Diligence
Investing all my energy to complete the tasks
assigned to me
Discernment
Understanding the deeper reasons why things
happen
Discretion
Recognizing and avoiding words, actions, and
attitudes that could bring undesirable
consequences
Faith
Flexibility
Willingness to change plans or ideas without
getting upset
Forgiveness
Clearing the record of those who have wronged
me and not holding a grudge
Generosity
Carefully managing my resources so I can freely
give to those in need
Gentleness
Showing consideration and personal concern for
others
Gratefulness
Letting others know by my words and actions
how they have benefited my life
Honor
Respecting others because of their worth as
human beings
Hospitality
Cheerfully sharing food, shelter, and friendship
with others
Humility
Acknowledging that achievement results from the
investment of others in my life
Initiative
Recognizing and doing what needs to be done
before I am asked to do it
Joyfulness
Maintaining a good attitude, even when faced
with unpleasant conditions
®
Quickly and cheerfully carrying out the direction
of those who are responsible for me
Arranging myself and my surroundings to
achieve greater efficiency
Patience
Accepting a difficult situation without giving a
deadline to remove it
Persuasiveness
Guiding vital truths around another’s mental
roadblocks
Punctuality
Showing esteem for others by doing the right
thing at the right time
Resourcefulness
Making wise use of what others might overlook
or discard
Responsibility
Knowing and doing what is expected of me
Security
Structuring my life around that which cannot be
destroyed or taken away
Self-Control
Rejecting wrong desires and doing what is right
Sensitivity
Using my senses to perceive the true attitudes
and emotions of others
Sincerity
Eagerly doing what is right with transparent
motives
Thoroughness
Knowing what factors will diminish the
effectiveness of my work or words, if neglected
Thriftiness
Allowing myself and others to spend only what is
necessary
Tolerance
Justice
Accepting others at different levels of maturity
Loyalty
Using difficult times to demonstrate my
commitment to those I serve
Virtue
Meekness
Yielding my personal rights and expectations
with a desire to serve
Wisdom
Making practical application of truth in daily
decisions
Taking personal responsibility to uphold what is
pure, right, and true
Truthfulness
Earning future trust by accurately reporting past facts
The moral excellence evident in my life as I
consistently do what is right
© Copyright Character First. Permission granted to reproduce for non-commercial use. Updated Jan 2011 • 877.357.0001 • www.characterfirst.com