Roanoke : The Lost Colony
Colonial America
Founded: 1585 & 1587
Reasons for Settlement
Vocabulary
________________ a country’s permanent settlement in
Founded by:
Sir Walter Raleigh
another part of the world.
WHEN: 1585
________________ the ability to worship however you
WHO? 100 men
choose.
________________ treating people harshly because of
their beliefs.
________________ the way a society organizes the
(first time)
S IR WA
LT E
R A L E IG R
H
FOUNDE
R OF
ROANOK
E COLON
Y.
G R A N TE
D A *PA
T
ENT
FROM Q
UEEN
ELIZ ABE
TH II TO
DISCOV
ER A N D
SETTLE
LA N D S I
N
N OR TH A
MERICA
.
WHY?
Economic Venture;
to find gold to make England richer.
• This was England’s first attempt at establishing a
permanent settlement in North America.
manufacture and exchange of things of value, such as
money, food, products, and services.
________________ a project with the goal of making
money.
* patent: a government authority to someone the right to make, use, or sell some
invention or discovery
WHERE?
LET’S TRY THAT AGAIN...
WHEN: 1587
J O HN WH ITE
(the second time)
WHO? 94
(included 17
women and 9 children)
WHAT HAPPENED
NEXT?
• English ships could not to land supplies and the
sandy, infertile soil produced few crops. The
poor location virtually doomed Roanoke to
failure.
• When colonists could no longer get food from
the Algonquians they hopped on
a passing ship and went back
to England.
John White returned home for supplies. He was unable to
return to Roanoke for 3 years.
When he arrived in Roanoke, the settlement was mysteriously
abandoned. There was only one skeleton and no sign of
attack. The only clue was carved into a tree -- the word
“CROATOAN”
V I R G I N IA DA R E
FIRST ENGLISH
BABY BORN IN
NORTH AMERICA.
EPIC FAIL!
LEADER OF THE
COLONY;
GRANDFATHER OF
VIRGINIA DARE;
CAME BACK TO
FIND EVERYONE
MISSING.
He never discovered what happened to his
daughter and granddaughter.
Discouraged by the disappearance, the
English did not try again for another 20
years.
Jamestown
In December of 1607,
Captain John Smith was
Founded: 1607
on an exploration and
Founded by: The Virginia Company
trading mission when he
WHO? 108 settlers, employees of
was captured by
the Virginia Company.
Powhatan, the chief of
the confederacy of
WHY? Economic Venture
tribes in the area.
Investors expected the company to
settle the New World, find gold, map a water route to
China.
According to a later
story told by Smith, he was saved by Powhatan's daughter,
Pocahontas.
WHAT HAPPENED NEXT?
• The settlers built a fort, then fell into a life and death
Pocahontas began to help the settlers, bringing them
struggle, battling drought, disease, famine, and local
much-needed food that saved them from starvation, and
natives.
even tipping them off about an ambush.
• The colony survived its first two years because of
Captain John Smith. Captain Smith forced colonists
Smith credited Pocahontas with preserving "this Colonie
to work six hours a day in the fields.
from death, famine and utter confusion" for "two or three
“He that does not work, does not eat”
Captain John Smith
yeeres."
• Led by John Rolfe, the colonists
learned how to raise tobacco in 1616.
• The addictive nicotine in tobacco
meant consumers would pay high
prices to satisfy their craving.
• Tobacco plants prefer a long,
hot, and humid growing
season, the crop thrived in
Virginia but not in England, giving colonists an
advantage.
• Due to the many harbors and an extensive river system, the Chesapeake permitted the shipping of
tobacco in bulk across the Atlantic to Europe.
• Tobacco sold in England for about five to ten times as much as it cost to produce in the Chesapeake.
That meant that if a planter could obtain land and a few laborers, he could make more in a year than
in a decade spent in England.
Plymouth: The First Thanksgiving
Founded 1620
Founded by: Separatist Pilgrims
WHY? Religious freedom; end to persecution
WHO? Separatist Pilgrims
• A group of religious emigrants from England
who were seeking a new life in America.
•They arrived on the
Mayflower with
other passengers
known as Strangers.
•The Pilgrims hoped to settle
in Virginia, but landed too far north. In the
first winter, over half of the Pilgrims
died from the cold.
After the Mayflower was
W IL L IA
safely anchored, 41
BRADFO M
RD
pilgrim men signed an
FIRST G
O V ER N O
R
O
F
P
L
Y
M
agreement which
OUTH;
HELPED
WRITE T
HE
MAY FLO
established the system by
WER
COMPAC
T
which they wished to
govern themselves. This
document has come to be known as
The Mayflower Compact. It was the first official government
in the colonies.
Squanto and Samoset were
Wampanoag Indians who taught
the Pilgrims how to farm and
hunt.
The “First Thanksgiving”
celebrated their first successful
harvest.
Thanksgiving did not become an
official holiday until President
Lincoln made it a national holiday
in 1863.
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Founded 1630
Founded by: Puritans
WHY? Religious freedom for the Puritans
WHO? Puritans
Church and government were
united in England. Law demanded
that everyone support the official
• John Winthrop,
the first governor of
Massachusetts Bay;
established government based
on Christian teachings and
• A religious group that was trying to “purify” the
church by changing the way that people lived and
worshipped. They wanted a simple church
without priests, formal prayers and ceremonies.
• When they could not change the church, they
decided to leave England.
FIRST
GOVER
NOR O
F
MASSA
CHUSE
TTS
BAY;
beliefs.
RO G ER
WIL LIA MS
PURITAN
MINISTER,
FOUNDER OF
RHODE ISLAND
Church of England with taxes and
regular attendance.
JOH
WINT N
H RO P
•Roger Williams, a Puritan minister who was
kicked out for his beliefs. He founded the
colony of Rhode Island.
•Early success in the Massachusetts Bay
colony led to a period
known as the “Great Migration” in
which thousands of people moved to
America for religious freedom and
tolerance.
• Colony was the site of the Salem
Witch Trials in 1692, in which 20
people were executed for “witchcraft”.
Pennsylvania
• The colony was named after Penn’s father;
Founded 1681
Pennsylvania means “Penn’s Woods”
Founded by:
WILLIA
William Penn
WHY?
Religious
M PEN
N
QUAKER
LEADER
AND FO
UNDER
OF
THE
PENNSY
LVANIA
COLONY
freedom for the
Quakers and
people of all religions.
WHO? Quakers
• William Penn was a Quaker leader who had been
critical of the king’s policies on religious practice.
• The king of England owed Penn’s late father
£16,000. To get Penn out of his hair and pay off
his debts; the king gave him a big piece of land in
America.
• Philadelphia was its first major city and would
become the first capital of the United States.
• Philadelphia was also the host city for the 1st and
2nd Continental Congresses and the
Constitutional Convention.
Georgia
Founded 1732
• Oglethorpe hoped colonists would become productive
citizens working both to improve themselves and
defend the colony.
Founded by: James Oglethorpe
WHY? Relief for
debtors; buffer
zone against the
• In addition to starting Georgia, James Oglethorpe
JA M ES
O G LE T H O R PE
FOUNDER OF
GEORGIA
Spanish in Florida
WHO? Debtors
• James Oglethorpe was a member of British
Parliament who was disgusted at the conditions
at debtors’ prisons and decided to do something
about it.
• To reduce the number of English in poverty,
debtors and the unemployed were sent to Georgia
to work on their own farms.
was also one of the first to try to ban alcohol and
slavery from his colony - unsuccessfully.
• Georgia is the last of the 13 original colonies to be
founded.
• In addition to providing a safe haven for debtors,
Georgia was also a place for many people seeking
freedom from religious persecution.