Unit 4: Force and Motion– In this unit I will expand my knowledge of motion (an object’s change in position related to a reference
point); by explaining how unbalances forces can cause or change motion, to describe motion by calculating speed, and how to graph changes in motion. I
will be able to interpret the type of motion represented on a graph. I will also be able to explain how Newton’s Laws relate to motion.
TEKS 6.8B …identify
and describe the
changes in position,
direction, and speed of
an object when acted
on by unbalanced
forces.
Forces can cause motion which is a change in
position of an object with respect to a point of
reference and time.
TEKS 6.8C …calculate
average speed using
distance and time
measurement
TEKS 6.8D …measure
and graph changes in
motion
TEKS 8.6B
…differentiate
between speed,
velocity, and
acceleration
The line(s) on a distance vs time graph describe the
type of motion of an object.
Newton’s Law of Motion
TEKS 8.6A …demonstrate & calculate how
unbalanced forces change the speed or direction of
an object’s motion
What is the net force?_______
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Simple machines make work easier by 1. reducing the amount of force; 2. changing the direction of the force; or
3 increasing the distance of the force.
TEKS 6.8E …investigate how incline
planes and pulleys can be used to change
the amount of force to move an object
TEKS 7.7A …contrast situations where
work in done with different amounts of
force to situations where no work is done
such as moving a box with a ramp and
without a ramp, or standing still.
Calculating Work, Mechanical Advantage
and Mechanical Efficiency
In this unit I must know this vocabulary…
Acceleration
Air Resistance
Balance
Deceleration
Distance (position)
Direction
Forces (Balanced, Unbalanced)
Friction
Fulcrum
Gravity
Inertia
Inclined Plane
Joules
Law of Inertia
Law of Force & Acceleration
Law of Action-Reaction
Lever
Newton (N)
Pulley
Screw
Simple Machine
Speed (Average, Constant)
Time
Velocity
Wedge
Wheel and Axle
Work
Calculate Work:
Work = force X distance
Calculate Mechanical Advantage:
MA = Output Force / Input Force
Calculate Mechanical Efficiency:
ME = (Work Output / Work Input) x 100%
After completing this unit I should be able to do this …
I can describe what happens to an object’s position, direction and speed will move when a force (balanced or
unbalanced) acts on it.
I can calculate how unbalanced forces change the speed or direction of an object’s motion.
I can explain Newton’s Laws of Motion
o
Law of Inertia
o
Law of Force and Acceleration
o
Law of Action-Reaction
I know the formula for calculating speed.
I can calculate average speed.
I can differentiate between speed, velocity and acceleration.
I can create motion graphs from data I have collected.
I can look at a motion graph and explain what type of motion the object was showing (speeding up, slowing down,
stopped, and constant speed).
I can demonstrate and explain how and why inclined planes and pulleys reduce the amount of force needed to move
something.
I can explain how pulleys can also be used to change the direction the force is applied to move something.
I can discuss the scientific definition of work and how it differs from the layman definition.
I can calculate work.
I can assess situations where work is done or where no work is done.
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