Forest - The English word is related with German Forst, „forest, timber“. The further
derivation is not clear.
Scandinavian words are different but stand nearly together to each other. Old-Norse
skōgr could be related to Arabic šuʤaira, "bush". The -kōg-part equates to šuʤ- from PrimeSemitic *kʲwgʲ- that developed into Pre-Norse *kwg.
In another idea, the Scandinavian etymology merges with Arabic ‫( ﻏَﺎﺑ َﺔ‬ġāba). In this way the
collective root was *gʷɢ-. -ɢ- simplified in Eastern Semitic to -b-. The Pre-Norse word was
male connoted whereas the introduced Arabic etymologies are female words.
Korean 숲 (sup) accords with Arabic ‫( ة َﺑﺎ َغ‬ġāba) in the -p- respectively -b- on the second
place.
There was another Old-Norse word called mǫrk. [ǫ] is clarified in general knowledge a long
vowel, similar-sounding to English “au”. It indicates a disappeared phoneme like -h- or the
glottal stop -ʔ-. In this way, Hebrew ‫( י ַעַ ר‬jaʕar) matches with the -ǫr-part of mǫrk.
Another possible relative could be Arabic hirš, deriving from a collective *hwrkʲ.
There is a Japanese word morí.
Does Y-haplogroup I occur in Japan, especially Y-I1 of which is fabled he lived in the forest?
Look at top-page -->mythological relations for more information. Or is it related with Uralic
languages, like Mansi вор (vor) and it constitutes a pre-Turkic word in Japanese?
Finnish korpi has no relation to the common Scandinavian word for forest, rather it is
influenced by Pre-Norse people, recruited with k-initial and -p- became plosivied from prior
-m-. It shares the most similarity with Mansi вор (vor), Moksha вирь (virʲ) and outside of
Uralic languages matches Turkish orman. It constitutes the etymology used by the
mitochondrial haplogroup UK respectively its Y-counterpart G. In case of Uralics it belongs to
the maternal lineage U5.
There is a word kurmi, found in the Hausa-language in north-west Africa.
Old-Norse eldi is related with German Wald, but with a difference in the initial: The OldNorse word derived from a prior *jald-. The evolution of the common root is not clear
because it contains -l- at the same position like an Indo-European etymology, compare Latin
silva.
There are relatives to the Germanic etymologies in featured languages influenced by Yhaplogroup I2, in Hungarian erdő and Old-Greek álsos. In Hungarian -l- shifted to -r-.
If Old-Greek álsos is related, w- disappeared at the initial in (perhaps almost) all cases.
The -s- in áls- doesn’t match. Did -d- shift to -s- by following -i-, so it was -aldʰi-?
Otherwise it is to assume an inversion from pre-Latin silv-. The root would be turned *-vlis-.
Finnish salo constitutes the Indo-European word, related with Latin silva. The Finnish word
matches with its -o-part to Latin -v-. It is obvious related with Latin.
Scottish Gaelic coille is pronounced χœlə. If the -oi- in the word constitutes an old
pronunciation the original Indo-European root was *kʷil-, which applies for Latin silva too.
The derivation of Russian лес (les) is unclear: Either it represents the Indo-European root inverted
or it belongs to a pre-Uralic root, compare Mandarin sēnlín.
The morpheme meaning forest comprises -lín.
The same applies for Hungarian liget. If the lig-part constitutes either a pre-Uralic stratum
related with Mandarin -lín, but rather I think it constitutes an inverted Indo-European
etymology, because it matches here with two consonants. The Mandarin word matches with
the Indo-European root in -l- and -i-. Supposely there was a Eurasian or pre-Eurasian
collective root *-jl-/*-lj-/*-jlj-.
Malagasy ala could either be a stratum of the Sino-Tibetian way or it passed its own way the
collective root.
Hebrew jaʕar could be related in its -ʕar -part with the Indo-European etymology.
Finnish metsä matches with words in the geographical near-standing languages, like
Lithuanian miškas and Latgalian mežs. The root was presumably *miki/*migi.
Azeri meşəin Central Asia accords likewise, but also Native American languages like
Cheyenne ma'tää'e and Chamicuro machewa in Perú.
So the word may belong to haplogroup Q which is rare or inexistent in Finland.
The word could stem from the mitochondrial haplogroup Z in Finland, a subclade of the
American mtDNA-haplogroup C. It is a question why Uralic borrowed this word from another
nation. Did they live in an area without forests? It makes sense if the word is taken from a
tribe that lived in a forest whereas the Uralic people did not see a forest for more than a
generation.
Northern Sami vuovdi’s root comprises vuov-. There is no obvious relative found and I think
the cause is a blurring sound shift I haven’t understood. The last -v- in vuov- evolved either
from -r- or -ð-. The next relatives are either Mansi вор (vor) and Moksha вирь (virʲ) or OldNorse viðr, „forest, tree“. Mongolian ой (oj) is possibly a Uralic word related the most with
the Moksha-word.
Georgian ტყე (ṭq̇e) is supposedly borrowed from pre-Svan. The modern Svan word is
ცხეკ (cxeḳ). If you calculate back it results approximately into *t-k-k. In the Native American
Eskimo-language Inupiak in Alaska there is a similarity, tikiġ-aq. It is a further indication of a
relation of the old Y-haplogroups in the ice-age, compare -->ice.
Modern Greek δάσος (dásos) shares a distinct similarity with Arabic dīsah. In the ancient
Greek dictionary it doesn’t occur.
Old-Greek hýlä is related with German Holz, look at -->wood.