Understanding
Diabetes
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What is diabetes?
Risk factors
People without diabetes
People with Type 1 diabetes
People with Type 2 diabetes
Signs and symptoms
Complications
Prevention and Cure??
What is diabetes?
• Diabetes is a condition in which the
amount of glucose (sugar) in the blood
is too high because the body cannot
use it properly.
Risk Factors
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Diabetes and age
Diabetes runs in families
Weight is a factor in diabetes
Circulation problems and high blood pressure
Diabetes and pregnancy
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Impaired blood glucose levels
What is Insulin?
• Insulin is a hormone
• Helps sugar (glucose) enter cells
• Most of the food we eat is broken down
into glucose
• Glucose is the main form of energy for
the body
• Only hormone that does this
• Insulin is produced in the pancreas
People without
diabetes
Pancreas
Carbohydrate
Glucose
Insulin
Glucose
and
Insulin
Bloodstream
Muscle
cells
People with Type 1
diabetes
Pancreas
Carbohydrate
Glucose
No Insulin
Glucose
can’t enter
cells
Bloodstream
Muscle
cells
Type 1 Diabetes
• Body does not produce insulin
• Auto-immune – immune system
destroys insulin producing cells
• About 10% of all Diabetes
• About 1 in 400 of children
• About 1,000 in Hillingdon
• Need insulin from diagnosis
People with Type 2
diabetes
Pancreas
Carbohydrate
Glucose
Insulin
Glucose
can’t enter
cells
Bloodstream
Body
Fat
Muscle
cells
Type 2 Diabetes
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Begins with insulin resistance
Usually due to obesity
Body can’t use insulin
Drugs other than insulin can help
Weight loss through diet and exercise
People with Type 2
diabetes
Pancreas
Carbohydrate
Glucose
Not enough
Insulin
Glucose
can’t enter
cells
Bloodstream
Muscle
cells
Type 2 Diabetes
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About 90% of Diabetes
Usually older adults
Asian 9 x white
Afro Carib 3 x white
About 10,000 in Hillingdon
Signs and symptoms
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Going to the toilet often
Extreme thirst
Extreme tiredness
Weight loss
Genital itching and thrush
Blurred vision
Complications
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Heart disease and Stroke
High Blood Pressure
Blindness
Kidney Disease
Nervous System Disease
Amputations
Dental Disease
Pregnancy Complications
Prevention and
Cure??
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Prevention
Healthy lifestyle
Keep weight down
Regular exercise
Healthy diet
Cure
Surgery
Transplant